Ambient Capability of Enclosed Generator Sets

Ambient Capability of Enclosed
Generator Sets
Roger Rosborough
Electric Power, Caterpillar Inc.
Ambient Capability of Enclosed Generator Sets
INTRODUCTION
In order for generator sets to function as intended in hot climates, users must assess the ambient capability of the model prior to
acquisition. The ambient capability, or ambient clearance of a generator set, is defined as the maximum ambient temperature in which
the cooling system can operate effectively without causing the generator set to shutdown due to high engine temperature. Site
conditions, including the altitude and relative humidity, will cause the ambient capability to vary.
When an enclosure is fitted to a generator set with a radiator and pusher/blower fan, it will lower the ambient capability of the
generator set. This is due to both increased restriction of the cooling air and heating of the cooling air before it reaches the radiator
core. As the air travels from the rear of the enclosure, it picks up heat from the alternator discharge, exhaust manifold, turbo and
exhaust pipework, and from heat radiated from the cylinder block and head. The open generator set ambient capability must therefore
be sufficiently high to compensate for the air flow restriction and heating effects associated with the enclosure.
It is the outside air temperature which defines the ambient capability of the generator set – we cannot quote the higher air
temperature at the radiator core as being the ambient capability.
The ambient capability of a generator set should be quoted at full load, which would account for the most arduous running condition
since the ambient capability would obviously improve when running at lower loads with less heat being rejected from the engine
and alternator.
To ensure the ambient capability of generator sets with enclosures fitted will perform as expected, factory testing should be
completed by the design engineers.
2
Ambient Capability of Enclosed Generator Sets
FACTORY TEST EXAMPLE

As an example, during a factory test, full load is applied for approximately one hour, and then when the top tank coolant temperature
is stable, multiple temperatures are logged at one minute intervals to provide nine sets of readings, which are then averaged.
Multiple temperature probes are fixed to the generator set to measure temperature at various locations including:
• Six air temperature points on radiator core
• Top tank coolant temperature
• Bottom tank coolant temperature
The test sample in Table 1 shows the heating effect on the cooling air of a generator set with an enclosure fitted.
Table 1
At 18:24 in Table 1, the ambient temperature was reported to be 82°F. In this example, the maximum allowable top tank temperature
is 230°F. To find the ambient capability of this generator set, the measured top tank water temperature is subtracted from the
maximum allowable top tank temperature which is then added to the ambient temperature. So at 18:24, the ambient capability =
(230 – 198.3) + 82.0 = 113.7°F. In this case, the generator set can continue to operate at full load with an outside air temperature of
nearly 114°F. When the ambient temperature is at the maximum 114°F (generator set ambient capability), the air temperature at the
radiator core would be 148°F.
CONCLUSION
Fitting an optional enclosure to a generator set will lower its ambient capability as the cooling air flow will be restricted and heated.
When specing a generator set with an enclosure for use in a hot climate, ambient capability is a top concern. The ambient capability
of an enclosed generator set refers to the maximum outside air temperature, not the maximum air temperature at the radiator core.
LEXE1138-01 November 2016

© 2019 Caterpillar. All Rights Reserved. CAT, CATERPILLAR, LET’S DO THE WORK, their respective logos,
“Caterpillar Yellow”, the “Power Edge” and Cat “Modern Hex” trade dress as well as corporate and
product identity used herein, are trademarks of Caterpillar and may not be used without permission.

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FACTORY TEST EXAMPLE

LEXE1138-01 November 2016

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