SEED PROCESSING AND STORING

MODULE 7

OBJECTIVES OF SEED PROCESSING

1. To improve seed quality through removal of adulterants, non-seed material and broken

seeds
2. To maintain seed viability and vigour
3. To make seed handling easy
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4. To increase real value of seed

METHODS USED FOR SEED PROCESSING

• Seed Drying
• Seed Cleaning
• Seed Grading
• Seed Packaging
• Seed Labeling

SEED DRYING
• is the reduction of seed moisture content to the recommended levels (which should not be
lower than the critical seed moisture content) for storage using techniques which are not
detrimental to seed viability.
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SEED DRYING
 TWO TYPES OF DRYING
 Natural drying
 Seeds are spread uniformity at neat and clean place and dry under natural
conditions
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 Example: under sun

 Artificial drying
 Different artificial driers are used to dry seeds
 Example: Bag driers, box driers, bin driers
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SEED CLEANING
 separation of physical impurities or removal of non seed material from seed

SEED GRADING
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• removal of under sized/under weight seeds from seed lot

• grading is done on the basis of length, width, thickness and density of seed

SEED TREATMENT
• refers to exposure of seed to certain chemical or physical agents which are able to protect
them from pests and provide good heath to the seed
• infected seed may fail to germinate
• infected seeds lead to introduction of pathogens into new areas
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SEED PACKAGING
• seeds are packed in bags of appropriate quality and size
• choice of packing material depends upon type of crop, amount of seed and storage
conditions
• packaging materials are of three types
• Moisture-vapour resistance-polythene
• Moisture-vapour permeable- cloth, paper bags
• Moisture-vapour proof- tin cans

SEED LABELLING
• All seed bags must carry printed information about crop
 Variety
 Class of seed
 Name and address of producer
 Physical purity
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 Genetic purity
 Moisture
 Germination
 Date of germination
 Date of test

STORAGE OF SEEDS
 is the preservation of seeds under controlled environmental conditions which will prolong the
viability of the seeds for long periods

SEEDS CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO THE FOLLOWING TYPES ACCORDING TO STORAGE OF SEEDS
1. ORTHODOX
 seeds that can withstand low seed moisture content and can be stored at low
temperature without losing viability.
 Most of the field crops
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2. RECALCITRANT
 seeds that lose viability if moisture content is less than 12-13%
 Cannot be stored for the longer period
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 E.g. coffee, mango, cocoa, jackfruit and oil palm

3. INTERMEDIATE
 Partially desiccation tolerant/ long term storage may or may not be possible
 E.g. papaya, coffee bean and nut

CLASSES OF SEEDS
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1. Breeder seed
2. Foundation seed
3. Registered seed
4. Certified seed

THE PHILIPPINE SEED SYSTEM

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 MANDATE OF THE BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY (BPI) OF THE DEPARTMENT OF

AGRICULTURE
 Crop Production Division, Crop Research Division
 National Crop Research and Development Centers
 National Seed Industry Council (NSIC)
 Plant Quarantine Services (PQs) Office
 Biotech Office
 Seednet, UPLB, PhilRice
 Private Sector

CLASSES OF SEEDS

1. Breeder seed
 is the seed of a new variety that has the highest purity and is produced,
developed, controlled, and provided directly by breeders or their institutions
for further multiplication.
 100% genetically pure
 Color of tag: Gold/ Yellow
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2. FOUNDATION SEED
 is the progeny of the breeder seed, produced by trained officers of an agricultural station in
conformity with regulated national standards and handled to maintain genetic purity and identity
of the variety.
 Produced in government farms, research stations and seed growers
 Genetic purity: 99.5%
 Color of tag: white

3. REGISTERED SEED
 is the progeny of the foundation seed grown by selected farmers, handled to
maintain genetic purity and identity, and has undergone field and seed
inspections to ensure conformity with standards.
 Color of tag: purple
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4. CERTIFIED SEED
 is the progeny of foundation, registered, or certified seeds, handled to maintain sufficient varietal
identity and purity, grown by selected farmers under prescribed conditions of culture and isolation,
and subjected to field and seed inspections prior to approval by the certifying agency. Harvest from
this class is used for commercial planting
 Genetic purity: 99%
 Color of tag: blue
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NEWLY REGISTERED CROP VARIETIES WITH THE NATIONAL SEED INDUSTRY COUNCIL (NSIC)
2021

CROPS VARIETY NAME BREEDER

RICE (submergence) Submarino 2 IRRI

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RICE (rainfed) Sahod Ulan 32 PhilRice

RICE (heat tolerance) PangMainit 1 PhilRice

RICE (saline) Salinas #34 PhilRice

OPV-YELLOW CORN CVRC Glut# 18-14 DA-CVRC

CROPS VARIETY NAME BREEDER

TOMATO Maxxime BSU-IPB

POLE SITAO Hitik #2 BPI-LBNCRDPSC

MUNGBEAN Ginintuan 2 BPI- LGNCRDPSC

PEANUT Yaman 6 BPI- LGNCRDPSC

SOYBEAN Select Manchuria IPB

CROPS VARIETY NAME BREEDER

MANGO Farrales Perla A. Farrales

JACKFRUIT Bohol Sweet DA-BES

TOBACCO Pimminya NTA

CROPS VARIETY NAME FEATURES

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RICE IRI 8 High yielding varieties known for its role

in the Green revolution
RICE IR64 Popular variety with good grain quality
and resistance to diseases

RICE Basmati 370, 386, Pusa Unique aroma and long grains
Basmati

MAIZE/CORN DKC 8051 Hybrid maize variety known for its high
yield and adaptability

MAIZE/CORN Pioneer 30G19 Popular hybrid variety with good drought

tolerance
SWEET CORN VARIETIES Golden Bantam Known for their sweet and tender
Honey and Cream kernels
Jubilee

CROPS VARIETY FEATURES

NAME
TOMATO Roma A popular determinate tomato variety used
for canning, sauce, and pastes
Cherry Tomato varieties: Small size and sweet flavor
Sweet 100
Sun Gold
Black Cherry
Beefsteak Tomato Large size and juicy flesh
varieties:
Brandywine
Mortgage Lifter
Beefmaster
POTATO Russet Burbank A widely grown potato variety with high
starch content and good processing
qualities
Red Pontiac A popular red skinned potato variety used
for boiling, baking and frying
Yukon Gold A yellow-fleshed potato variety known for its
buttery taste and smooth texture
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CROPS VARIETY FEATURES

NAME
PAPAYA Red Lady A hybrid papaya variety known
for its high yield and excellent
fruit quality, flesh is sweet,
aromatic, has a vibrant orange
color
Sinta Papaya developed in the
Philippines, known for early
maturity, making them popular
among farmers, with yellow
skin when ripe
Pansol Pansol papayas are favored for
their productivity, disease
resistance and adaptability to
local conditions, sweet, juicy
and smooth texture
Golden A popular papaya variety in the
Philippines with a yellow skin
when ripe, sweet, aromatic,
good flavor and adaptability to
different growing conditions

CROPS VARIETY FEATURES

NAME
CABBAGE Copenhagen Market A compact variety with around
head and good disease
resistance
Golden Acre A popular variety wit a light
green head and excellent flavor

Red Express A red cabbage variety known for

its vibrant color and tender
leaves
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CARROT Nantes A cylindrical-shaped variety with

a sweet flavor and bright orange
color
Imperator A long and slender variety
suitable for fresh consumption
and processing
OKRA Clemson Spineless One of the most popular and
widely cultivated okra varieties,
known for its smooth, spineless
pods, high yield, pods are
tender and suitable for culinary
uses
Burgandy Burgandy okra is distinct
because of its deep red pods
and stems. It is an attractive
variety and offers the same
taste and texture as green okra.

CROPS VARIETY NAME FEATURES

EGGPLANT Filipino pride (Talong ng This variety is popular for its good fruit
Bayan) quality, disease resistance, and adaptability
to various growing conditions
Baguio Long Purple This variety is characterized by its long and
slender purple fruits and is often grown in
the highlands of Baguio
Gretel Is a white eggplant white variety with small,
elongated fruits and tender flesh

DURIAN Puyat Is known for its large size , distinct aroma,

creamy, pale yellow flesh and is highly
regarded for its rich and sweet flavor
Arancillo Is characterized by its small to medium
sized fruits, creamy, yellowish flesh and
slightly milder taste compared to other
varieties
Monthong Although not native to the Philippines, the
Monthong durian variety is widely cultivated
in the country. It is known for its large fruits,
thick flesh and distinctive aroma, flesh is
pale yellow and has a sweet and custard
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like taste
Chanee A non-native variety, has large fruits with
thick, creamy flesh, sweet flavor and often
used for making durian based desserts