CN Practical10

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2.

ping:

ping is the primary TCP/IP command used to troubleshoot connectivity,


reachability, and name resolution. Used without parameters, this
command displays Help content. You can also use this command to test
both the computer name and the IP address of the computer.

The Ping tool is used to test whether a particular host is reachable


across an IP network. A Ping measures the time it takes for packets to
be sent from the local host to a destination computer and back. The
Ping tool measures and records the round-trip time of the packet and
any losses along the way.

3. tracert:

In the Command Prompt window, type 'tracert' followed by the


destination, either an IP Address or a Domain Name, and press Enter.
The command will return output indicating the hops discovered and
time (in milliseconds) for each hop.
It is a widely used command-line utility available in almost all
operating systems. It shows you the complete route to a destination
address. It also shows the time is taken (or delays) between
intermediate routers.

4. netstat:

The network statistics ( netstat ) command is a networking tool used


for troubleshooting and configuration that can also serve as a
monitoring tool for connections over the network. Both incoming and
outgoing connections, routing tables, port listening, and usage statistics
are common uses for this command.

It can tell you about the connections your computer is making, the
paths it uses to send information, and even some technical details like
how many packets of data are being sent or received.
5. pathping:

The pathping command is a command-line utility tool in Windows


operating systems. It is commonly used to troubleshoot network issues,
particularly the ones related to latency and network performance. It is
considered an alternative to tracert and it combines ping and tracert
commands.
6. route:

The route command allows you to make manual entries into the
network routing tables. The route command distinguishes between
routes to hosts and routes to networks by interpreting the network
address of the Destination variable, which can be specified either by
symbolic name or numeric address.

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