ENGLISH HOME LANGUAGE

PAPER 3 – WRITING

GRADE 12

JUST IN TIME

REVISION BOOKLET

AUGUST 2022
The Principal
Departmental Heads-Languages
FET English Home Language Educators

KWAZULU-NATAL PROVINCE GRADE 12 JIT REVISION BOOKLETS- ENGLISH HOME LANGUAGE

The attached Grade 12 English HL Revision Booklets have been compiled by lead
teachers in the Province to ensure that Grade 12 learners are adequately prepared
to meet the requirements of the 2022 Trial and National Senior Certificate
Examinations.

These booklets address the challenges experienced by Grade 12 learners in Papers

1,2 and 3. Educators are requested to guide their learners through the various
activities in each booklet, to ensure that there is a substantial improvement in learner
performance in the subject. The digital copies allow the educators to print only what
is necessary for their learners.

Should you have any queries in this regard, please contact the Subject Advisor or
the District English Home Language co-ordinator.

We hope that these booklets offer support to both you and your learners. The KZN
Provincial Home Languages team would like to take this opportunity to wish you well
as you prepare your learners for the forthcoming examinations.

Duly Signed

_________________
Dr B.A. Makhathini
Chief Director (A)
KZN Province

1
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
(IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER)

MRS A. BEHARYLALL GLENHILLS SECONDARY SCHOOL

MRS R. GOVENDER MARITZBURG COLLEGE
MRS R.S. HASSAN WINGEN HEIGHTS SECONDARY SCHOOL
MRS Z. HUSSAIN HEATHER SECONDARY SCHOOL
MRS S. JAFFER PALMVIEW SECONDARY SCHOOL
MRS R. KOTZE KOKSTAD COLLEGE
MRS P. KUNENE AQUADENE SECONDARY SCHOOL
MRS O. MAHARAJH UGU DISTRICT
MRS T. MAHARAJ SCOTTBURGH HIGH SCHOOL
MR N. MORAR LADYSMITH SECONDARY SCHOOL
MR A.J. MOTTIAN UMLAZI DISTRICT
MRS B. MUNN HOWICK HIGH SCHOOL
MRS R. NAICKER PROTEA SECONDARY SCHOOL
MR D. NAIDOO HARDING SECONDARY SCHOOL
MRS P. NASAREE STANGER SECONDARY SCHOOL
MRS M. PILLAY MOUNTVIEW SECONDARY SCHOOL
DR S. RAMNARAIN QUEENSBURGH GIRLS‘ HIGH SCHOOL
MRS V. SEWMANGAL DUNDEE HIGH SCHOOL
MRS N.M. SINGH AMAJUBA DISTRICT
MRS R. SINGH DANVILLE PARK GIRLS‘ HIGH
MRS S. SINGH NEW WEST SECONDARY SCHOOL

2
 CONTENTS

NO. CONTENT PAGE

1. Note To The Learner 4

2. Codes And Percentages For Recording And Reporting 4
3. Overview 4-5
4. Special Note 6-7
5. Answering Techniques 8-15
6. How To Answer English Home Language Paper 3 15-17
7. How To Approach Writing An Argumentative Essay 17-19
8. How To Approach Writing A Discursive Essay 19-20
9. How To Approach Writing A Narrative Essay 21
10. How To Approach Writing An Essay Based On Visual Stimuli 22
11. Formal Speech 22-24
12. E-mail 25-27
13. Letter to the Press 27-29
14. Common Themes and Appropriate Vocabulary 30-31
15. Criteria Used for Assessment 32
16. References 33

3
1. Note to the Learner
Dear Learner
The purpose of this document is to assist the class of 2022 to pass English Home
Language. The information provided in this booklet is aimed to improve your pass
rate. In other words, if you revise aspects of this paper, you should at least be able to
obtain the minimum pass mark of 40%, while still offering others an opportunity to
excel in the various higher categories, from moderate to outstanding achievements.

The various achievement levels and the corresponding percentage bands are as
shown in the TABLE below:
2. CODES AND PERCENTAGES FOR RECORDING AND REPORTING

DESCRIPTION OF
RATING CODE PERCENTAGE
COMPETENCE
7 Outstanding achievement 80 – 100
6 Meritorious achievement 70 – 79
5 Substantial achievement 60 – 69
4 Adequate achievement 50 – 59
3 Moderate achievement 40 – 49
2 Elementary achievement 30 – 39
1 Not achieved 0 - 29

3. OVERVIEW
3.1 SECTIONS

 Paper 3 consists of two sections, as follows:

SECTION A: ESSAY
 You are required to answer ONE question from this section.

SECTION B: TRANSACTIONAL
 You are required to answer TWO questions from this section.

3.2 TIME

 This is a three-hour paper.

 TIME MANAGEMENT:
 It is strongly advised that you spend your time as follows:
SECTION A: 100 minutes
SECTION B: 80 (2 X 40) minutes
 Since this is a creative paper, the three hours allocated allow you
adequate time to plan, proof-read and edit your work. This will ensure
responses of a high standard.
4
3.3 MARKS
It is important to note that Paper 3 carries 100 marks. It is the highest
allocation of marks of the three papers for English Home Language. For this
reason, it is imperative that adequate attention be given to the teaching of
Paper 3 skills as it will give you ample opportunity to perform well in this paper.

 SECTION A – Essay
50 marks
 SECTION B – 2 X Transactional Texts
2 X 25 marks each = 50 marks
 TOTAL FOR THE PAPER: 100 MARKS

3.4 SECTION A - ESSAY

 You have a choice of 5 written topics and 3 visual topics. These offer a wide
range of interpretations.
 The three visual texts require the candidate to establish a link and formulate a
suitable topic.
 You should choose a topic that is within your experience and knowledge.
 The topics are set in such a way that they are open-ended to any style (genre)
of writing.
You may choose any genre of writing:
 Narrative
 Descriptive
 Argumentative
 Discursive
 Expository
 Personal
 Reflective
 You will be credited for ORIGINAL, CREATIVE AND IMAGINATIVE ideas.

3.5 SECTION B – TRANSACTIONAL TEXTS

 You have a choice of 6 topics.

 The selection of texts ranges in complexity.
 You are required to contextualise the question and generate the appropriate
vocabulary in order to present authentic responses.
 You need to pay careful attention to the following when answering the
transactional texts:
 Audience
 Register
 Style
 Tone
 Format
 Language structures and conventions
5
4. SPECIAL NOTE

OBSERVATION CORRECTION

You are advised to follow the stipulated word count:

Essay: 400 – 450 words
Transactional Texts: 180 – 200 words (body only)
YOU WILL DISADVANTAGE YOURSELF WHEN YOUR
Length (word count) RESPONSES ARE SCANT AND NOT FULLY
DEVELOPED.
IF YOU EXCEED THE WORD COUNT, THE QUALITY OF
YOUR RESPONSES IN OTHER QUESTIONS WILL BE
COMPROMISED.
Presentation of draft Do not present your draft as the final copy. Drafts WILL
as final copy NOT BE ASSESSED even if you have run out of time.
Drafts may be written in pencil BUT the FINAL COPY MAY
Pencil NOT BE PRESENTED IN PENCIL. It must be written in ink,
otherwise it will not be assessed.
This is a formal paper and therefore NO profanity or
Profanity & Vulgarity
vulgarity may be used. You will be penalised if you do so.
The formal nature of SECTION A does not permit you to use
Informal language / informal language, slang, colloquialisms or sms language.
slang / colloquialisms / However, you are permitted, to a certain degree, to use
sms language informal and colloquial language in some transactional texts,
for example, the informal dialogue or the informal speech.
Contractions in SECTION A are NOT permitted. For
Contractions
example, don‘t, can‘t, I‘m, etc.
Ensure that your spelling is correct as your language mark is
Spelling affected by poor spelling. Do not use words where you are
uncertain of the spelling.
Poor handwriting Write neatly and legibly. Poor handwriting is difficult to
decipher and poses a challenge during the marking process.
Tippex Tippex is NOT ALLOWED in the NSC examination.
ESSAY
Ensure that you write down the correct number of your
choice of topic.
Also write down your chosen topic.
In the case of a visual text, formulate a suitable topic/title of
your own.
Numbering of topics
Underline the topic/title.
Example: 1.4 The Truth Hurts

1.6.1 Shattered Dreams

6
 TRANSACTIONAL TEXTS
Ensure that you write down the correct number of your
choice of topic.
Also write down your chosen topic.
For example: 2.1 Formal Speech

2.3 E-mail

ESSAY
There should be a clear introduction, body (many well-
developed paragraphs of varying lengths) and conclusion.

TRANSACTIONAL TEXTS
The construction of your paragraphs will depend on the type
of transactional texts that you choose.
An introduction, body and conclusion are required for the
formal letter, personal letter, letter to the press, obituary,
speech, reviews, magazine and newspaper articles and e-
mail.

Dialogue
 Begin with a brief introduction where you place your
dialogue in context. For example: Dialogue between
learner and teacher about the learner‘s misconduct
during the lesson.
 Additional information (actions, expressions, etc)
must be indicated in brackets to enhance your
Structure
dialogue. This is NOT included in the word count.
 Use a valid dialogue format.

Formal Report
 The following format must be used:
Headline
Terms of reference
Procedure
Findings
Conclusion
Recommendations

E-mail
 The following format must be used:
Sender‘s and recipient‘s e-mail addresses
Subject line
Salutation line
Signing off

7
 5. ANSWERING TECHNIQUES
SECTION A – ESSAY
THE INTRODUCTION OF THE ESSAY

 The reader needs to be inspired by your opening statements, therefore, it is

imperative that your introduction CAPTURES THE ATTENTION of and
INSPIRES your reader.

SAMPLES

1. WATCHING THE OCEAN WITH MY FEET BURIED IN THE SAND

I stand in awe as I wiggle my feet through her exfoliating sand. In this moment I feel as
free as a bird who has been let out of a cage after fifteen years. I watch her create a
beautiful ambience as the sky blushes, going from red to orange. Clouds form a halo over
the luminous sun, showing off her smooth, flawless skin.
 The use of adjectives enhances the introduction and captivates the
reader.
 Figurative language has been used effectively to evoke an emotive
response.
 The first person narrative has been used.
 A picture is created in words.
 The overall diction (exfoliating, luminous,, flawless) stimulates the
reader.

2. WATCHING THE OCEAN WITH MY FEET BURIED IN THE SAND

Have you ever felt lost with no direction whatsoever? Even the ocean is more alive than
me! Where did I go wrong?
 The use of rhetorical questions is thought-provoking to the reader.
 It gets you personally involved.

3. STOLEN GLIMPSES

―May I please have those roses?‖ said Ian. ―Fifty rand a bunch, dear,‖ said the florist. He
hurried to the lake and was pleased with what he saw. There was a red carpet decorated
with flower petals, a guitarist playing acoustics and a red banner with the words: ―Will you
marry me?‖
 Direct speech is a good technique to use IF it is grammatically
correct.
 If you are unsure of the correct use of direct speech (punctuation),
DO NOT USE IT.
 The use of strong descriptive words enhances the introduction (red,
acoustics).
8
 BODY
 The body of your essay should consist of many paragraphs.
 In the body of your essay you need to develop your argument fully.
 Each paragraph should contain a topic sentence which is supported by
elaborations and examples.
 Each paragraph, when put together should form a clear, logically
structured essay that leads the reader to the inevitability of your
conclusion.
 Each paragraph should link to the next to form a coherent essay.
THE BODY OF THE ESSAY
SAMPLE
1. MEMOIRS OF A BROKEN LOVER

She witnessed my first prom night, my first kiss; she even hosted my wedding upon her
sandy banks. In the days when I could confidently hold a brush, she would be my muse.
I would capture her in vibrant blues, midnight purples and often in the mornings she would
bless me with a palette of radiant fire.
 The first sentence is the topic sentence and is adequately developed
throughout the paragraph.
 The figurative language sustains the interest of the reader.

2. EVEN IN DEATH, A ROSE LIVES FOREVER

My grandfather loved nature. He was very meticulous in the way in which he nurtured his
plants. He believed that the scent and sight of a flower had the ability to heal an
individual while bringing peace and calmness into their lives. His creation of the stairway,
accompanied by mesmerizing flowers, was a way for every person who entered his home
to experience the same peace and calmness he would feel.
 The first sentence is the topic sentence which is simply expressed.
 The rest of the paragraph is linked to the topic sentence.
 The content is based on the writer‟s personal experiences of his
grandfather.
 A life lesson is linked to the content of the paragraph.
 The personal pronoun (my) allows the reader to become nostalgic.

3. THE WATER DOES NOT FLOW UNTIL THE FAUCET IS TURNED ON

I was granted a golden ticket of an opportunity to reshape my life, but again I blew my
second chance. I was too busy enjoying my life and I neglected my studies. I failed my
first year miserably. Failure gives you two choices. You can either stay down, sulk, moan
and groan, or you can get up, face your problems and make sure you do not fail again. I,
unfortunately, chose the former as I failed again.
 Reflects on and questions his fate/destiny.
 Simply written but gives the reader food for thought.

9
4. THE WATER DOES NOT FLOW UNTIL THE FAUCET IS TURNED ON

I was kicked out of university.

 A one-line paragraph is highly effective in creating a climactic

effective.
 It creates a powerful, dramatic impact.
 Alternatively, a rhetorical question can be used instead.

THE CONCLUSION OF THE ESSAY

 A good conclusion should conclude your essay logically.
 It should begin by restating your topic. This ensures continuity and a
link to the topic. Your conclusion will therefore not seem disjointed.
 It is important to make your reader aware that you have reached the
beginning of the final section of your essay.
 End with a closing statement

SAMPLES
1. THE WATER DOES NOT FLOW UNTIL THE FAUCET IS TURNED ON

What does my future hold? I do not know, but what I do know is that I never want to
experience this again. Failure is a dark place that I never want to visit again. I shall use
my past failures to drive me and encourage me to succeed in my future.
 A rhetorical question is a thought-provoking way to leave your
reader in suspense.
 A firm affirmation is made in the final sentence to bring it to a
reflective conclusion.

2. THE BITTER JOY OF THE PAST

I continued my daily routine of my modern lifestyle as I did not want to disappoint myself
by reminiscing on such glorious days. I ended that day by appreciating the simplicity in all
the minor aspects of life, aspects that no future generation will ever experience. I had
experienced the bitter joys of my past…

 This conclusion leaves the reader with a sense of fulfilment and an

attitude of gratitude.
 The ellipsis is inconclusive and leaves the reader in a state of
suspense.

10
3. WATCHING THE OCEAN WITH MY FEET BURIED IN THE SAND

This utter displeasing feeling caused me to savour the taste and refreshing feel of my
strawberry soda‘s bubbly coolness going down my throat. That, my friend, is the cherry
on the top of a life-changing, soul-elevating day on the beach with my feet buried in the
sand.

 Refreshing imagery is used to still keep the reader engaged.

 The use of „my friend‟ makes the conclusion personal and endears
the reader to the writer.

5.2 SECTION B – TRANSACTIONAL TEXTS

Attention needs to be given to the following aspects in the answering of the
transactional texts:
 Context
o Is the context formal or informal?
o For example: Birthday speech – informal
Assembly speech - formal
 Audience
o Decide who you are addressing.
o For example: Birthday speech – family and friends
Assembly speech – teachers, learners and guests

 Tone
o The way in which the writer conveys his or her attitude.
o It is the way in which the text makes the reader feel.
o For example: Birthday speech – jovial, friendly, exciting, relaxed,
celebratory, etc.
Assembly speech – formal, serious, polite, etc.
 Style
o The manner in which your thoughts are arranged.
o It is the technique (word choice, sentence fluency and the writer‘s
voice) that is used.
o For example: Birthday speech – nostalgic, narrative, descriptive, etc.
Assembly speech – motivational, inspirational,
informative, etc.
 Format
o Be sure to use the correct format in your choice of transactional texts.

11
 SAMPLES
1. BOOK REVIEW

Title of Novel: Born Into Poverty

Author: Amy Andrews

This novel is an emotionally written masterpiece. The basis of the novel is about
families who face the dehumanising struggles of living life on a low income.

Amy Andrews puts her all into this emotional whirlwind of a novel when describing in
detail the real life struggles these lower-income families face on a daily basis. The
author then goes on to emphasise the sheer strength and resilience these people have
to keep going, no matter what the circumstances. It motivates readers not to give up or
let their circumstances consume them. Have you ever experienced a lifestyle on a low
income is like? Do you know the struggle? Do you have the strength and will to cope
with these struggles? If so, why?

This novel addresses quite a large audience, from teenagers to elders. There are many
children who are born into poverty and end up using their circumstances as motivation to
do well and make a living for themselves so that the next generation does not have to
endure the same. Many become successful and many do not. Born Into Poverty goes
into perfect detail about the trials that these people endure.
This is an eye-opening brilliant read.

 A book review is a form of literary criticism in which a book is

merely analysed on content, style and merit.
 You must concentrate on the features of the text.
 The theme is highlighted in the introduction. It is concise and to
the point.
 The body of the review deals with a critique of the plot and how it
develops.
 The rhetorical questions are a good stylistic feature.
 The recommended target audience is identified and a personal
comment on the novel is given.

12
2. PERSONAL LETTER

Write a letter to your friend who does not like your genre of music. Persuade
him/her to attend a concert with you.

27 Heather Crescent
Pietermaritzburg
3201
12 August 2022

Dearest Edward

My pleasant greetings to you. My recent schedule has been quite challenging and has
left me with little time to socialize, therefore, I would like you to accompany me to a
concert.

I understand that the 90‘s R&B music is not your cup of tea. I remember last Christmas
when I played one of Destiny‘s Child‘s songs and you told me to turn it off. I am fully
aware that we both admire different music genres but I honestly miss you and would
love you to join me as my favourite artist, Sean Kingston, will be performing at the
Madiba Stadium.

Please join me on this mini adventure. After all, two is better than one. I know that you
prefer hip-hop music, however, one of the best experiences of life is trying out new
things. What I like about this is that we can create endless memories. I would be
honoured if you shared this magical moment with me. Even though you may not prefer
his songs, the excitement of just going to a concert is awesome. The music, the
heavenly lights and the loud sound system will simply enthrall you. Let this concert be
like the wind beneath your wings.

Please take my sincere request into consideration.

P.S I have already booked the tickets.

Your best friend

Hannah
 The introduction places the letter in context as it refers to key
aspects of the question.
 The reader has a clear view of the issue being discussed.
 The paragraphs of the body are coherently presented.
 The content is fully developed.
 The paragraphs of the body are linked to one another.
 The style is informal and casual which is appropriate as a friend is
being addressed.
 The conclusion is persuasive, clear and to the point.

13
3. DIALOGUE

You and your friend live in a little town on the South Coast. Your town is
constantly without water and electricity. Write the dialogue between you and your
friend, expressing your frustrations about the poor service delivery in your town.

DIALOGUE BETWEEN SYDNEY AND ME ABOUT THE POOR SERVICE DELIVERY

IN OUR TOWN.

I open the front door to my house for Sydney, giggling while pinching my nose and
making a sour face.

Sydney: Oh whatever! I‘m covered in layers of deodorant (rolls her eyes).

Sascha: Clearly not enough, phew!

Sydney: It‘s not my fault that I haven‘t had water for four days. I thought you
liked the smell of chlorine? (Smirks while lifting her arms up).

Sascha: Four days! Our water came back two days ago and I‘m glad about
that. My brother was already clogging up the toilet.

Sydney: Eww! I will forever be grateful about being an only child.

Sascha: Agh! It‘s not so bad. I would make you a cup of your favourite tea but
the electricity went off about half an hour ago. Surprise, surprise!

Sydney: Don‘t you dare tell me that load shedding is back.

Sascha: Stage 2 already. Eskom has one job. (Looking frustrated).

Sydney: No, I can‘t believe this! No water and no electricity. What are we,
cavemen?

Sascha: Tell me about it! My dad is bringing home a generator from work today
and then we will be normal again.

Sydney: Thank goodness! (Takes a deep breath).

My phone is about to die.

Sascha: At least your phone works. When the power came on last night, the
power surge blew my phone. Now it won‘t even turn on!
Thanks a lot, Eskom.

Sydney: Don‘t worry, you can log on to your accounts on my phone.

Sascha: Thank you, Syd (leans in for a hug but pulls a face). I love you …but
you desperately need a shower.

14
 Take note of the correct dialogue format:
o You must provide a setting (introduction) for your dialogue.
o Write the names of the people who are having the
conversation on the left hand side. Avoid using “I” or “me”,
instead use your name.
o Place a colon after the name of each person.
o The spoken words must not have inverted commas.
o Only count the spoken words for your word count. Do not
include the names of people on the left and actions and
expressions indicated in brackets.
 A dialogue is between TWO people. It is a critical oversight if three
or more people are included and you will be severely penalised.
 The above dialogue complies with all of the above.

6. HOW TO ANSWER ENGLISH HOME LANGUAGE PAPER 3

SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER: NSC ENGHL NOV/DEC 2021 P3

6.1 SECTION A: ESSAY WRITING

This section will unpack the questions that proved most challenging for the 2021
candidates.

6.1.1 THE QUOTATION QUESTION

1.2 'If I were not African, I wonder whether it would be clear to me that Africa is a
place where the people do not need limp gifts of fish but sturdy fishing
rods and fair access to the pond.
– Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

15
MARKING GUIDELINE
• Candidates could address self-reliance as opposed to charity.
• Focus could be on fair opportunity.
• The misunderstood African identity could be discussed.

COMMENTS
In the 2021 paper, this question was poorly answered because the quotations were
misinterpreted.
The candidates were expected to discuss the fact that Africans do not need charity
as stated in, “do not need limp gifts of fish” but instead they need opportunities as
stated in the words, “sturdy fishing rods and fair access to the pond”. Many
learners wrote generic essays on the state of affairs if Africans.
The preferred genre in an essay of this sort is argumentative writing where
plausible arguments need to be provided in support or opposition of the quotation. If
you choose to answer this question, you can write argumentative and narrative
essays on inequality and poverty.

1.5 A mask … a mistake … hilarious!

MARKING GUIDELINE
• Candidates should recount a humorous story/anecdote, relating to a mask.
• Credit literal/figurative interpretations of the topic.

COMMENTS
The question was not well answered because the ‘hilarious’ element was based on
dark humour and included sarcasm and irony. The aspect of ‘mistake’ in the question
was lacking or under developed.
If the word ‘hilarious’ appears, you should not shift to the opposite of hilarious. You
should write on something funny, amusing, entertaining and bring in the ‘mistake’
element. Remember, ALL elements should be fully developed. It is a critical
oversight if you choose to answer only one part of the question. If you choose to
answer this question, you can write good light-hearted, narrative, descriptive and
reflective essay, where the hilarious aspect is fully developed.

16
6.1.2 THE VISUAL (PICTURE) QUESTION

1.6.2

MARKING GUIDELINE
• Robot and human hand
- Credit literal, figurative and/or mixed responses.

COMMENTS
Some responses were basic and the focus was on handshakes.
If you are answering a question such as this, you can write on artificial intelligence,
the fourth industrial revolution and technology. You must have the in-depth
understanding of these themes as a question such as this requires specialised
knowledge of technological advancements. The popular genres that you can choose
are argumentative, discursive or narrative.

7. HOW TO APPROACH WRITING AN ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY

An argumentative essay is a piece of writing that takes a stance on an issue. In a
good argumentative essay, the writer attempts to persuade readers to
understand and support his/her point of view about a topic by stating his/her
reasoning and providing evidence to back it up.
STEP 1: ANALYSE THE TOPIC
• Ensure that you understand the topic.
• Underline keywords.
• Decide whether you agree or disagree with the topic.

17
STEP 2: PLAN YOUR ESSAY
• Brainstorm ideas
• Group like ideas into paragraphs
• Choose your best arguments
STEP 3: WRITING THE FIRST DRAFT
Introduction
There are different ways to approach writing an introduction. Here are three
examples:
a. Turn the topic into a question and answer it. Set up a big question in the title
of your essay or within the first few sentences. Then build up to answering that
question in your thesis statement. For example, in your title or introduction, you
could pose the question, ―Is Africa a place where people should rely on hand-
outs and charity?‖ And then answer with your thesis statement: ―As an African, it
is clear to me that what Africa truly needs is equal ground and fair opportunities‖
b. State an argument—and then refute it. Introduce an idea that contrasts with
your belief, and immediately explain why you disagree with it. For example:
―While there are many previously disadvantaged communities in Africa that need
charity and hand-outs to survive, what Africa really needs is equal ground and
fair opportunities to excel in a global community.‖
c. Briefly outline your main points. Introduce your main point and explain how
you will back it up. For example: ―In order to thrive, Africa needs better
education, skills development, and fair opportunities.‖
Body
It is a good idea to use the PEEL paragraph method.
Point: The first sentence establishes what your paragraph is going to be about. The
point must support your argument.
Evidence: You should then provide an example that reaffirms your initial point and
develops your argument.
Explanation: You must now explain exactly how your evidence supports your point,
giving further information to ensure that the reader understands its relevance.
Link: The last sentence of the paragraph must link the point you‘ve just made to the
topic or main argument.
Use logical connectors to create strong arguments.
• Indicate contrast:
Although, but, whereas, however
• Indicate similarity:
likewise, similarly, correspondingly
• Indicate cause and effect:
as since because if ... then therefore consequently
• Indicate emphasis:
• in fact, actually, certainly
18
Conclusion
Restate your main argument by summarising all of the arguments made in your body
paragraphs. The conclusion should link to and mirror the introduction.

Alternatives to „In conclusion‟ include:

• To sum up what has previously been said…
• The sum of what was previously discussed…
• As a result…
• On the whole…
• What this reveals …
• In light of this information…
• Nevertheless…
• In the final analysis…
• Finally…
• Lastly…
• Ultimately…
•
STEP 4: EDITING CHECKLIST
Criteria Yes/No
Appropriate title
Short, effective introduction Clear, logical structure
Stance is clearly indicated
Sentences properly constructed, including capital letters and full stops
Transition words (logical connectors) to link paragraphs and ideas
Correct style, tone and register
Strong conclusion
Correct word count (400-450 words)
Planning crossed out
Final essay written in pen

STEP 5: FINAL COPY

If you have managed your time according to the guidelines in the instructions
section of the question paper, you should have enough time to write the corrected
version of your essay out neatly and legibly.

8. HOW TO APPROACH WRITING A DISCURSIVE ESSAY

The word ‗discursive‘ comes from the word ‗discourse‘ which means the sharing of
thoughts and ideas.
A discursive essay presents BOTH sides of an argument. It must be objective and
give a balanced view. Its purpose is to tell the reader about various sides of a

19
topic. This could be the advantages and disadvantages of something, or the
reasons for or against a particular point of view.
In the conclusion, the writer usually gives a summary of the main points, and
suggests, or commends, some action or way forward. The writer may also state the
opinion or view with which he or she personally agrees. However, the reasons for
that decision must be clearly shown in the essay.

Key Elements of Discursive Writing

In discursive essay, you must show both sides of the topic
• Give both sides of an issue - the advantages and disadvantages. Give a
balanced account of the views, without favouring one view. You will not be
giving your opinion but presenting two opposite points of view.
• Give reasons to support each view and link them together. For example, use
words like ―because…‘, ‗this shows…‘, ‗however…‘, ‗therefore…‘, ‗so…‘
• Use the present tense.
• Be clear and objective. Avoid using personal pronouns (‗I‘, ‗me‘, ‗we‘) and
avoid describing personal emotions.

Below is an example of how a discursive essay can be developed.

• Define the issue first.
• Develop arguments for and against the issue in a series of separate
paragraphs.
• Back up arguments with proof. This proof can take the form of:
- statistics
- eye-witness reports
- quotes from reliable sources
- facts from official documents
- relevant personal experience.
- Finally, in the conclusion, reveal your preference or present a balanced
view.
Discursive Essay Checklist
Criteria Yes/No
Appropriate title
Short, effective introduction, clear, logical structure
Both sides of the argument equally presented
Sentences properly constructed, including capital letters and full stops
Transition words (logical connectors) to link paragraphs and ideas
Correct style, tone and register
Strong conclusion
Correct word count (400-450 words)
Planning crossed out
Final essay written in pen

20
9. HOW TO APPROACH WRITING A NARRATIVE ESSAY
The basic purpose of narrative writing is to entertain the reader, although some
narratives are also written to inform or to change attitudes and opinions. It can be
written from any perspective (first person or third person narrative). The first person
narrator will use pronouns such as ―he‖, ―she‖, ―they‖ and ―them‖.
BEFORE YOU START TO WRITE, PLAN WHAT YOU WANT TO WRITE ABOUT.
ASK YOURSELF:
• Plot: What is going to happen? Write down the events in the order they will
occur.
• Setting: Where will the story take place? When will the story take place?
• Characterisation: Who are the main characters? What do they look like? What
are some of their personality traits?
• Structure: How will the story begin? What will be the problem or main issue?
How is the problem going to be resolved?
• Theme: What is the theme or message of my story?
WRITING
As you write your first draft think carefully about:
• Verbs: Try to use specific or vivid verbs, for example instead of writing ―She
laughed‖ you could write ―She giggled‖ or ―She shrieked with laughter‖.
• Nouns: Use strong nouns which have specific meanings (for example, gasps
rather than says).
• Adjectives and adverbs: Careful use of adjectives and adverbs: for example,
―the gyrating bride‖ and ―carefully lifting‖.
• Use of the senses: What does it smell like? What can be heard? What can be
seen? What does it taste like? What does it feel like?
• Figures of speech: Try to use a few similes, metaphors, etc.
• Transitional words: Remember to make links using words like afterwards,
next, when, so, etc. These tell us about the order of things as they happen in
the story.
• Direct Speech: the use of direct speech and dialogue helps the reader identify
with the characters making them more real.
Checklist Yes/No
Have I planned my story carefully?
Have I written a good introduction that establishes the character and the
setting?
Have I constructed separate paragraphs which build up to a conclusion?
Have I included a satisfactory conclusion?
Have I used a range of figurative language?
Have I avoided over-complications in plot and character?
Have I tried to end the story on a cliff-hanger or with a twist?

21
10. HOW TO APPROACH WRITING AN ESSAY BASED ON VISUAL STIMULI
There is always a question in the exam that asks you to write an essay on a picture.
Choose ONE of the pictures. Then, you need to decide what type of essay you are
going to write. The content of your essay MUST have a clear link to the picture.
Looking closely at the picture, identify information you can use in your essay. For
example, the picture above (1.6.2) shows:
• a man shaking hands with a robot/android.
• The setting appears to be a corporate one as the man appears to be wearing a
suit.
There are different types of essay that could be written about this picture, as shown
below.
1. A narrative essay
For example: could tell the story of a man who is initially opposed to robotics in the
workplace. The story to work its way up to the point where the man becomes
accepting of robotics seeing the benefits in the business world.
2. A discursive essay
For example: could discuss the fourth industrial revolution and the advancement of
robotics, etc.
3. An argumentative essay
For example: could argue the repercussions of the fourth industrial revolution and
the moral implications of machines and robots replacing human being in the
workplace.

As with the argumentative essay, the writing process should be followed.

NB: remember to analyse the picture fully and answer on all aspects of the visual.

SECTION B: TRANSACTIONAL WRITING

HOW TO APPROACH TRANSACTIONAL TEXTS
This section will assist candidates in the answering Section B of the question paper.

11. FORMAL SPEECH

2.1 FORMAL SPEECH
You are the spokesperson for the South African Olympics team, representing
all sport codes.
Write your speech that will be televised prior to the team's departure.

22
MEMO
• The speech could be inspirational/motivational and/or galvanise public
support/provide updates.
• Register should be appropriate.
COMMENTS
In this question, candidates were confused about the question as ‘sport codes’ was
interpreted as sportsmanship or dress codes in sport. Candidates did not adopt a
holistic view and include all codes of sport.
The response lacked knowledge of The Olympics. Informal register was used in a
formal speech. Take note of the following when answering a formal speech:

HOW TO APPROACH WRITING A FORMAL SPEECH

A speech is a formal talk given to a group of people about a particular subject. This
form of writing is intimately connected with speaking, and should not be done purely
as writing exercises.

Key Elements of Speech Writing

• A speech uses formal language. The register of the language is formal
but friendly.
• The tone of a speech should be polite and sincere.
• In the introduction, the speech should acknowledge individuals or
groups of people in the audience.
• The body of the speech should keep to the topic.
• The conclusion should thank the audience for their attention.
• Make your speech come alive by using interesting and creative
language. You should aim to inform and entertain your audience.

STEP 1: ANALYSE THE TOPIC

• Ensure that you understand all aspects of the question.
• Highlight keywords
• Identify the purpose of the speech and audience
STEP 2: BRAINSTORM
• Use the 4 ‗Ws‘ and 1 ‗H‘ (Who, What, When, Why, How) to help you brainstorm
ideas.
• Group your ideas into paragraphs
• Choose the best ideas to develop for your speech. (you only have 200 words)

23
STEP 3: INTRODUCTION
• Come up with a good hook to grab the attention of the audience
• Start with a greeting. Remember to greet the most important members of the
audience first.
STEP 4: BODY
All your content goes into your body paragraphs
• Develop each point that you make in a logical way.
• Avoid clichés
• Use short sentences with simple ideas, using familiar examples.
• Consider the use of repetition, emotive language, figures of speech, and
humour
• If you make criticism, balance it out with a reasonable alternative or solution.
STEP 5: CONCLUSION
• Think of an effective conclusion, do not merely summarise what you have
already written
• Thank the audience for their time and attention
• Finish off with a statement or quote that will leave the audience with something
to think about.
Criteria Yes/No
My speech has an effective introduction.
I have greeted the audience in the correct order
I have written a paragraph for each point that I make.
My register is formal.
I have adapted the tone of my speech to suit the audience and occasion.
My speech has an effective conclusion.
I have thanked the audience
My grammar and spelling are correct.

24
12. E-MAIL
2.3 E-MAIL

As the Covid-19 compliance coordinator of your local community organisation, you

would like to respond to the advertisement above.
Send an e-mail to pfa@webmail.org.za in which you motivate why your organisation
is best suited to be a beneficiary of PROTECTION FOR ALL.

MEMO
• The candidate must motivate the organisation's suitability to be a beneficiary,
by focusing on the profile of the organisation/the needs and possibly the
management plan designed for the distribution of the personal protective
equipment.
• Format: sender's and recipient's e-mail addresses; subject line; salutation
and signing off; appropriate register/tone

COMMENTS
In this question, the word ‘beneficiary’ was not clearly understood. For this reason,
unconvincing motivations were presented about why the NPO should receive the
personal protective equipment.
Some candidates used an informal and casual tone instead of formal tone.
The profile of the organisation was not presented.
Format errors included omission of the recipient’s email address, the subject line,
salutation and the signing off.
In some cases, the reference to the elderly was omitted.

25
HOW TO APPROACH AN E-MAIL
Email, email, e-mail and E-mail are all acceptable ways to write the shortened form
of Electronic Mail
The e-mail may be regarded as the digital form of the letter. Like the letter, it has a
particular format. E-mails may be FORMAL or INFORMAL.
THE FORMAL E-MAIL
• The subject line must contain the purpose of the e-mail and should be similar to
the subject line used in a formal letter.
• Although your name is automatically shown to the recipient of an e-mail, it is
still good practice to include your name at the end of the e-mail. It is sometimes
necessary to also include a contact telephone number immediately below your
name.
• The body of the e-mail appears after the subject line and usually consists of
three paragraphs after the salutation (Mr Smith/ Dear Mr Smith/ For attention
of/ The title or position of the recipient).
- Paragraph 1 should outline the problem/ issue/ reason for the e-mail
- Paragraph 2 should provide greater detail to the information in Paragraph 1.
This may include details leading to something, relevant background
information or simply greater detail of what has already been stated,
- Paragraph 3 should offer a possible solution or the expected action or
reaction from the recipient.
• Formal e-mails need to observe an appropriate register: The rules that apply to
the register of the formal letter all apply here:
- No contraction of words (I‘m, won‘t, etc)
- No colloquial language or slang
- No emotional rants, regardless of the context
- Only polite language is allowed, regardless of the context
• Formal e-mails would usually include an address in the space marked ―CC‖.
This is the e-mail address of a person who would need to see the mail, but will
not necessarily be required to act on it.
• Closing salutations. There is a wide choice of closing salutations one could use
in a formal e-mail. This could include:
- Regards (Most formal)
- Best regards (formal)
- Warm regards/ Kind regards (usually reserved for someone you know)
- Yours sincerely
- Appreciatively/ With gratitude

26
FORMAT OF AN E-MAIL
Note: email addresses usually have the format name@domain.com/
name@domain.co.za
From ▼
To…

Cc…

Subject:

From: andycapp09@gmail.com
To: principal@apexhighschool.co.za
CC: sgbchair@apexhighschool.co.za
Subject: REQUEST FOR CLARITY ON THE SCHOOL POLICY FOR CELLPHONE
USAGE

Dear Sir/ Madam

PARAGRAPH 1
PARAGRAPH 2
PARAGRAPH 3
Closing Salutation
Name

13. LETTER TO THE PRESS

2.5 LETTER TO THE PRESS

You have strong opinions on the trending topic, Beauty Pageants.

Write a letter to the press, expressing your views.

27
MEMO
• The candidate should present his/her views on beauty pageants.
• Format: own address, date, addressee, subject line, salutation and signing-off
COMMENTS
Why this question was poorly answered:
Strong opinions about beauty pageants were not presented.
Errors in format
Omission of address, date, name of addressee, subject line and salutation.
Inaccuracies in tone, style and form
Opinions were directed at the editor

HOW TO APPROACH THE LETTER TO THE PRESS

A letter to the press (such as newspapers) is a formal letter.
Key Elements of the Letter to the press
• The content of this type of letter usually deals with writer‘s view or opinion
about a subject currently being debated in a newspaper. The purpose of it is
for the writer to express his or her opinion about something, for publication in
the newspaper.
• The letter is addressed to the editor of the newspaper, but the main audience
of the letter is the readers of that newspaper.

Format of the letter to the press

• The letter has two addresses.
• The salutation of the letter to the press only uses Sir/Madam; not Dear Sir/
Madam.
• Lines are left open to make reading the letter easier, for example between the
salutation and subject line. Notice where lines have been left out (xxx).
• The subject line should be a one-line summary of the content of the letter.
• The letter should have an introduction, a body and a conclusion.
• The letter should have a formal ending, followed by your name. Newspapers
may not publish letters written by people who withhold their names. You are
allowed to use a pseudonym, which should be written directly above your real
name. The newspaper will then display your pseudonym instead of your real
name when they publish the letter.

28
PO Box 532
Durban
4001
xxx
3 August 2022
xxx
The Editor
The Daily News
Private Bag X6071
Durban
Heading: Must be brief and
4001 give an idea of what the
xxx letter is about.

Sir
xxx Introduction: Tells what the
letter is about. The register is
UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICES formal.
xxx
It has recently come to my notice that many people in Peacock Park pay their
domestic workers less than the minimum wage… Body paragraphs: Elaborates
xxx on the topic and expresses
opinions.
This is a violation of human rights as defined by our Constitution… This
xxx
To give an example: a lady who works in a house in my street has to be at work by
seven in the morning, and works until six in the evening… Body paragraphs: Elaborates on
xxx the topic and expresses opinions.

I hope that this letter will encourage the authorities to take action against those
who are breaking the law.
xxx This concludes the letter
with a suggested solution to
Yours faithfully the problem.
Concerned commuter
xxx
B. Mphande

29
14. COMMON THEMES AND APPROPRIATE VOCABULARY
THEME VOCABULARY THEME VOCABULARY
 Social network
 Twitter, Whatsapp,  Amateur
Facebook,  Professional
Instagram  Stadium
 World wide web  Olympics
 Cyber  Captain
 Hashtag  Referee
 Megabytes  Training
 New media  Champion
marketing  Coach
 Selfie  Trophy
SOCIAL
MEDIA  Multimedia  Competition
 MySpace  Track, field
 Social sharing  Defeat
 Filter  Victory
 Timeline  Draw
 Emoji  Fan
 Password  Field
 Comments  Fitness
 Likes SPORT
 Gymnasium
 League
 Team
 Medal
 Opponent
 Penalty
 Physique
 Challenge
 Sportsmanship
 Talent
 Teamwork
 Sponsors
 Beat  Inequality
 Crescendo  Violence
 Harmony  Patriarchy
 Key  Feminism
 Classical, hip hop,  Misogyny (hatred of
R&B, women)
disco, gqom,  Misandry (hatred of
men)
MUSIC house, rock,
contemporary,  Women‘s rights
jazz, etc.  Domestic violence
 Pitch  Abuse
 Scale  Discrimination
 Melody  Threats
 Tune
GENDER  Deprivation
 Acoustic
ISSUES  Power imbalances
 Bass  LGBTQ
 Eclectic  Trigger
30
  Instrumental  Fear
 Cacophonous  Condescending

 Wireless  Fulfilment
 Wifi  Performance
 Connection  Education
 Modem  Victory
 Network  Motivation
 Internet  Triumphant
 Fibre  Empowerment
 Communication  Expectations
SUCCESS
 Innovation  Competency
AND
 Digital ACHIEVEMENT  Beliefs
 Data  Values
 User friendly  Creativity
 Browser  Dedication
 Bug  Investing
 Application  Opportunity
 Database  Perseverance
 Cursor  Sacrifice
 Cookies  Vision
TECHNOLOGY  Folder  Resiliency
 Hardrive  Attitude, altitude
 Cyber
 Virus
 Software
 Icon
 Virtual

 Abuse  Fauna, flora

 Aggressive  Plants, animals
 Obstinate  Landscape
 Relentless  Breathtaking view
 Callous  Universe
 Hardened  Blooming
BULLYING  Hard-hearted  Captivating
 Physical, mental,  Crisp
emotional,  Enchanting
psychological,  Dazzling
verbal  Flourishing
 Pitiless  Glorious
 Power  Refreshing
 Authoritarian  Regenerating
 Assault  Idyllic
 Harassment NATURE  Lush
 Terror  Majestic
 Menace  Panoramic
 Anger  Picturesque
management
15. CRITERIA USED FOR ASSESSMENT

31
 15.1 ESSAY
CRITERIA MARKS
CONTENT AND PLANNING (60%)
 Your ideas should be intelligent, mature, organized and coherent. 30
LANGUAGE, STYLE & EDITING (30%)
 You need to use the correct tone, register, style, vocabulary,
appropriate to purpose/effect and context.
 Your word choice, language use and conventions, punctuation,
15
grammar and spelling are important.

STRUCTURE (10%)
 You must develop your topic logically.
 Paragraph and sentences must be well-constructed and make sense.
5

TOTAL 50

15.2 TRANSACTIONAL TEXTS

CRITERIA MARKS
CONTENT, PLANNING & FORMAT (60%)
 You should have extensive knowledge of the
features of the type of text you choose.
 You must understand the purpose, audience and 15
conventions in context.
 It is an advantage to keep abreast of current events.

LANGUAGE, STYLE & EDITING (40%)

 You need to use the correct tone, register, style,
vocabulary, appropriate to purpose/effect and
context. 10
 Your word choice, language use and conventions,
punctuation, grammar and spelling are important

TOTAL 25

16. REFERENCES
32
Adapted from:

1. Mind the Gap Paper 3 – DBE

2. CAPS English Home Language – Grades 10 -12 – DBE

3. English Home Language P3 Nov/Dec 2021 – Question Paper & Marking

Guideline

4. Platinum Grade 10 EHL Learner‘s Book

5. Spot On Grade 12 – EHL Learner‘s and Teacher‘s Book

6. KZN Diagnostic Report – EHL P3 December 2021

7. Learner‘s Essays and Transactional Writing:

7.1 Heather Secondary School
7.2 Scottburgh High School

33