Graphical analysis of real functions

In mathematics , the graph of a function is a type of graphic representation that allows us to intuitively know the behavior of said
function. More formally given a function:
the graph is the set of all ordered pairs ( x , f ( x )) of the function f , that is, as a subset of the Cartesian product X × Y. It is represented
graphically by means of a correspondence between the elements of the domain set and those of the image set .
The only functions that can be established unambiguously using lines are those of a single variable, with
a Cartesian coordinate system, where each abscissa represents a value of the domain variable and
each ordinate represents the corresponding value of the image set. If the function is continuous , then
the graph will form a straight or curved line. In the case of functions of two variables it is possible to
display them univocally using a geometric projection, but with three variables it is only possible to display sections (with a plane) of the
function for which the values of all the variables, except two, remain constant. Some representation software also uses colors or
contour lines which can achieve a satisfactory representation.
The concept of the graph of a function generalizes to the graph of a relationship . Note that although each function has a single
graphical representation, there may be several functions that have the same function, but with different domains and co-domains .
Function and function types
In mathematics, a function f is a relation between a given set It is denoted by:

A first idea of a function is that of a formula that algebraically relates several magnitudes.

Graphic representation using Cartesian diagrams allows the visualization of functions. In this way, the concept of function is generalized
to any numerical relationship that responds to a graph on coordinate axes.

The expression f(x) indicates the value of the function f associated with the number x.

The functions describe everyday, economic, psychological, scientific phenomena... Such functions are obtained experimentally, through
observation.

Functions defined in pieces require several formulas, each of which governs the behavior of the function in a certain section.

 Linear: f(x) = a*x + b;

 Quadratics: f(x) = a*x^2 + b*x + c;
 Root functions: f(x) = sqrt(k*x)
 Inverse proportionality functions: f(x) = k/x;
 Exponential functions: f(x) = a^x;
 Logarithmic functions: f(x) = log(x);
 Trigonometric functions: f(x) = sin(x); f(x) = cos(x); f(x) = tan(x);
 Arc functions: f(x) = asin(x); f(x) = acos(x); f(x) = atan(x);
Injective Function
In the context of mathematics , the link that develops between two sets is called a function ,
through which each element of a set is assigned a single element of another set or none at all. The
idea of injective , on the other hand, refers to the property that indicates that two different elements
of a first set correspond to two different elements of a second set.
An injective function , therefore, is one that, to different elements of the initial set (the domain ),
correspond to different elements of the final set (the codomain). This means that each element of the
codomain has no more than one preimage in the domain: or, expressed another way, that each
element of the domain cannot have more than one image in the codomain .
The expression of an injective function is f : x -> y . Take the case of a set X formed by Argentina ,
Switzerland and Nigeria , and a set Y composed of America , Europe and Africa . If we wanted to
establish a relationship between each country and its corresponding continent, we would obtain an
injective function, since the links would be the following:
Argentina -> America
Switzerland -> Europe
Nigeria -> Africa
Bijective function
A bijective function is a function f that is both injective and surjective . That is , if every element of the final set Y has at least one
element of the initial set injective ).
Let's say that no element in the final set Y can remain alone, without being associated with a single element in the initial set X.

Formally, a function f is bijective if:

Exercise 1
Surjective function
A surjective (or suprajective ) function f is a function such that all elements of the final set Y have at least one element of the initial
set X to which it corresponds.

That is, a function is surjective if the path of the function is the final set Y. In other words, a function is suprajective when its
codomain and its range or range are equal.
In mathematical terms, f is suprajective if:

constant function
A constant function f is a function such that the dependent variable y takes the same value a for any element of the domain
(independent variable x ).

In mathematical terms, the function f is constant if for any pair of points x 1 and x 2 in the domain such that x 1 < x 2 , it holds that f ( x 1 )
= f ( x 2 ).
The graph of a constant function is a line parallel to the x- axis.
You can also define a constant function from the derivative. A function f will be constant if for every point x in the domain the
derivative is zero, that is, f '( x ) = 0 .
The derivative of the constant function is 0 because it does not depend on the value of the independent variable x .
identity function
An identity function is a function such that the image of any element is itself:

The identity function is also often denoted by id .

The identity is a linear function of slope m = 1 that passes through the origin of coordinates, that is, through the point (0,0). It divides
the first and third quadrants into equal parts, that is, it is its bisector.
The slope is the inclination with respect to the X axis (abscissa axis). Since this is positive ( m > 0), the function is increasing .
That the slope of the identity function is m = 1 means that if we increase the x by one unit, the y also increases by one unit.
It will form an angle of 45° with any of the axes.
The identity id is the neutral element in the composition of functions . That is, any function f composed with the identity is itself.

Univariate descriptive analysis

Descriptive statistics is made up of a set of techniques whose objective is to classify, present, describe, summarize and analyze data
related to one or more characteristics of the individuals in a population, based on information about each and every one of them. To
cover these objectives, tables, graphs and statistical summaries are used.
Univariate descriptive statistics focuses on the analysis of a single characteristic or quality of the individual. The characteristics to be
analyzed present k modalities, exhaustive and mutually exclusive. Depending on the type of modalities, the characteristics, which we
will generally call variables, can be:
- Qualitative characteristics or attributes, if their modalities are not numerical; for example, an individual's sex, marital status or
educational level. Depending on whether or not the non-numerical modalities admit an ordering, we will talk about ordinal attributes
(level of education, social class,...) or nominal attributes (sex, productive sector,...).
- Quantitative or variable characteristics, if their modalities are numerical; for example, the number of members of a family or its income.
The variables can take few and well-differentiated values (the number of members) or many and little-differentiated values
(income). In the latter case, either due to the way the data is collected or to facilitate its analysis and interpretation, the data can be
arranged in intervals, that is, they can be categorized; When this happens, we are no longer facing a numerical characteristic, but rather
an ordinal attribute.
Family communication
If dialogue is important in the relationship between people, it is even more so in the family environment. Through communication we
establish contact with people, we transmit our thoughts and feelings. In this sense, we all, no matter how different we are, want to be
heard, understood and taken into account.
Good communication is the key to maintaining good relationships within the family and for the training of children. In this sense, fathers
and mothers who communicate adequately with their children offer them self-confidence and learning in the medium and long term, as
well as promoting healthy interpersonal relationships.
Life Proyect
A life project is a long or medium-term personal plan that you plan to follow over the years . It is designed in order to meet certain
objectives or specific goals and is based on personal tastes, values or abilities . Many people set their life project based on a university
degree, a job, a partner or starting a family .
People usually begin to think about a life project when they reach a certain maturity , especially after the age of 20: when the person
can define what they like, what they dislike, what motivates or challenges them.
The search for a life project is a process that occurs throughout life and can vary depending on the objectives or needs of each person.
It is essential that the project and the proposed objectives are based on what each individual truly is and what they want to transmit to
the world.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE LIFE PROJECT
Internal factors:
By internal factors we mean interests, aptitudes, values, personality traits and intellectual abilities.
Importance of self-knowledge:
It is a personal training strategy in human behavior, which allows you to know yourself, endure and/or tolerate your problems.
Interests:
Set of goals desired by the individual in the different areas of their development: personal, academic, vocational, professional,....
Interest will imply an inclination towards the development of certain tasks or activities.
Aptitudes:
“Condition or series of characteristics considered as symptoms of an individual's ability to acquire, with adequate training, some
knowledge, skill or series of reactions, such as the ability to learn a language, compose music, etc.”
Skills:
It is the ease that a person has to perform or develop a task.
Values:
Values are principles that allow us to guide our behavior based on fulfilling ourselves as people.
Goals:
The Goal is a limit that marks how far you want to go. The importance of having goals within a life project is that they allow you to
measure the progress we are making in its development, within a time interval.
Expectations:
An expectation is what is considered most likely to happen. An expectation, which is an assumption focused on the future, may or may
not be realistic.
Intelligence:
Intelligence is the ability to relate knowledge that we have to solve a certain situation.
Personality:
Personality is a set of characteristics or patterns that define a person, that is, the thoughts, feelings, attitudes and habits and behavior
of each individual, which in a very particular way make people different from others.

External factors:
It refers to the aspects that are specific to the world, the community, the family,
Family:
The family is the one that provides the greatest influence in making professional decisions, because it is in this nucleus in which you
have been trained and from which you have acquired a series of values that make you perceive things in a very particular way.
Teachers:
Another of the factors of great influence are the teachers, on many occasions we conceive them as the role model, at other times we
feel attracted to the profession they have either because of their comments, their experiences and/or achievements.

Friendships:
Without a doubt, during adolescence, friendships form a very strong bond; experiences, feelings, sensations, emotions, projects,
confidences, interests, activities are shared.
The mass media:
They are those auditory and visual media made up of television, river, internet, flyers, through which information is disseminated
regarding the considered "careers of the moment" or new degrees.
Professional myths:
In addition to external factors, you and your colleagues surely face many myths or false beliefs that, far from being a guide to choosing,
could further confuse the decision.
At this point we are faced with a wide range of professional myths, such as:
- Careers that are eminently feminine or masculine - Careers only for "intelligent" or "killers" - Careers that provide status - Highly
lucrative careers - "Lowly paid" careers - Careers of the "future"
biogenic foods present at the local, regional and national level

In general terms, feeding is the ingestion of food by organisms to meet their nutritional needs, fundamentally to obtain energy and
develop. It is relevant in the development of our body and mainly in the brain tissue, especially in the stage of adolescence. We are
accustomed to not taking importance to the quality or type of food we eat, when I talk about quality or type I am not referring to the
brand of food or its label or the advertising boon that the media gives us, but to its content. , and it turns out that if we go to the content
we will find a range of foods that have nothing to do with what the media shows us nor what our sedentary lifestyle has accustomed us
to. That is why I invite you to delve deeper into our ancestral Venezuelan gastronomy, we will find a series of foods that provide a
relevant amount of nutrients, vitamins, minerals and proteins that contribute to the development and functioning of organs, mainly brain
tissue. and even more so in adolescents. We trust ourselves when we think that our body selects that which is not good and harmful,
but when we ingest it in one way or another it already belongs to our body. If we consume foods that help our bodies make strong and
healthy tissues, we will be strong and healthy since our body will function with stability, a stability that guarantees immunity to diseases
and high intellectual performance. For this reason I invite you to study the top of food, at home you can delve a little deeper into the
distribution and types of foods that this Venezuelan version of the food pyramid offers us. Now, let's get to know or perhaps some
already know it but do not know the nutritional quality that this wonderful plant, the pira or pigweed, offers us. This plant contains folic
acid, calcium, iron, phosphorus, vitamins A, B2 and c. The pira grain contains proteins that surpass corn, rice and wheat, and also has
essential amino acids superior to other cereals; We can prepare this plant in tortillas, its toasted grains in arepas, in cakes, infusions
that help activate neuronal activity and improve brain activity, it can also be prepared in salads and among other dishes. To close, I
invite you, with the integration of your family members, to carry out the following experiences at home.
physical education formed in fundamental values, habits and attitudes in human development
Values, those qualities that human beings possess to be able to live in society, respecting oneself as well as others and that have been
so important that even the development of certain values has been a way of life in certain times, are being lost. in the society in which
we live.
Perhaps due to the frenetic pace of the activities carried out daily or perhaps because we think that simply by not wishing harm to
anyone we have great values, society is increasingly concerned about their personal well-being than about developing those personal
and individual values to be able to relate to each other. and coexist socially in a cordial manner, progressing in the same way in social
values.
Within the school, from physical education and sports practice, the ideal space is created to be able to work on the development of
certain values in our students, since "there are numerous authors who highlight the importance of participation in children and young
people in physical and sports practices favoring their psychological and social development. More specifically, it has been argued for
some time that physical education is important for the integral development of the human being and has been valued as an essential
element in the learning of young people.” (Escartí, Pascual and Gutiérrez, 2005, p.13).
physical education in comprehensive health
Physical education is necessary for our comprehensive health , which depends on mental and physical health, in this way it
contributes to having comprehensive and complete health.
Health is integral, this means that it adjusts to many factors , however it all comes down to two fundamentals: the mind and the
body.
Physical education allows us to care for and create the basis for a healthy body, which is part of the basis for having completely
comprehensive health.
body expressions in combination with onomatopoeic sounds to promote peace and respect
Some of the body expressions that, in combination with onomatopoeia, promote peace and respect are : all those sounds and
gestures that promote personal space.
Human rights are all those rights that all people have simply by virtue of being born and existing, and they correspond to creating the
necessary conditions for us to live in an environment of freedom, justice and peace for all.
The defense of a set of values such as freedom, respect,... Physical Education for peace tries to discover what can... peace through the
Body Expression content block, due to the... At the end, the situations and the solutions proposed to promote peace in them will be
assessed.