Gray Iron Castings Up To 4 In. (114 MM) in Thickness: Standard Reference Radiographs For

Designation: E 802 – 95 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Reference Radiographs for

1
Gray Iron Castings Up to 41⁄2 in. [114 mm] in Thickness
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 802; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Volume I, Medium Voltage (Nominal 250 kVp) X-rays4

1.1 These reference radiographs for gray iron castings Volume II, Iridium-1925
consist of one set of illustrations of centerline shrinkage with Volume III, Cobalt-606
severity levels 1 to 5 using three radiation source types as 3. Terminology
follows:
1.1.1 Volume I: Medium Voltage (nominal 250 kVp) X-Ray 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this docu-
Reference Radiographs——Set of 5 severity levels in a 15 by ment, see Terminology E 1316, Section D.
17 in. folder. 4. Significance and Use
1.1.2 Volume II: Iridium-192 Reference Radiographs—Set
of 5 severity levels in a 15 by 17 in. folder. 4.1 These reference radiographs, along with the referenced
1.1.3 Volume III: Cobalt-60 Reference Radiographs—Set of applicable steel casting standards (Reference Radiographs
5 severity levels in a 15 by 17 in. folder. E 186 and E 446), are supplied as a means of establishing
categories and severity levels of common internal discontinuity
NOTE 1—The reference radiograph films are an adjunct to this docu- types in gray iron castings subjected to radiographic examina-
ment and must be purchased separately from ASTM International if tion. They may be used in accordance with contractual speci-
needed.
fications as agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded 4.2 The use of this standard is not intended to be restricted
as the standard. to the specific energy level or to the absolute thickness limits
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the that are contained in this standard title. The title is intended to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the be descriptive and not restrictive. This document may be used,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- where there is no other applicable document, for other energy
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- levels or thicknesses, or both, for which it is found to be
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. applicable and for which agreement has been reached between
purchaser and supplier.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 5. Method of Preparation
E 94 Guide for Radiographic Testing 5.1 The original radiographs used to prepare the accompa-
E 186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 41⁄2- nying reference radiographs were produced on high contrast,
in. [51 to 114-mm]) Steel Castings fine-grain film by the respective use of radiation energies stated
E 446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in. in 1.1.1-1.1.3. The radiographs were made with a penetrameter
[51 mm] in Thickness sensitivity as determined by ASTM penetrameters (see Guide
E 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations E 94) of 2-2T. The reproductions have been prepared to an
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:3 H&D density from 2.00 to 2.25 and they have retained
Reference Radiographs for Gray Iron Castings Up to 41⁄2 in. substantially the contrast of the original radiographs.
[114 mm] in Thickness: 5.2 Film Deterioration—Radiographic films are subject to
wear and tear from handling and use. The extent to which the
image deteriorates over time is a function of storage condi-
1
These reference radiographs are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee tions, care in handling and amount of use. Reference radio-
E07 on Nondestructive Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee graph films are no exception and may exhibit a loss in image
E07.02 on Reference Radiographs.
Current edition approved January 1, 2005. Published January 2005. Originally
quality over time. The radiographs should therefore be peri-
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as E 802 - 95 (1999). odically examined for signs of wear and tear, including
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Order RRE080201.
5
the ASTM website. Order RRE080202.
3 6
Available from ASTM Headquarters. Order RRE080203.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
E 802 – 95 (2005)
scratches, abrasions, stains, and so forth. Any reference radio- 8.2 When a particular class or severity is called for and the
graphs which show signs of excessive wear and tear which radiograph being evaluated is equal to or better than the
could influence the interpretation and use of the radiographs reference, indicate the casting as radiographically acceptable.
should be replaced. If the radiograph shows a discontinuity of greater severity than
6. Determination of Radiographic Classification the reference radiograph, the casting shall be rejected.
8.3 When two or more types of discontinuities are present in
6.1 For purposes of evaluation of castings, a determination
must be made of the radiographic classification to be assigned the same radiograph, the predominating ones, if unacceptable,
to individual castings or specific areas of castings. The deter- shall govern without regard to the other types of discontinui-
mination of the applicable radiographic-severity classification ties.
shall be based on an evaluation of the casting applications, 8.4 When two or more categories of discontinuities are
design, and service requirements. In these evaluations, consid- present to an extent equal to the maximum permissible level, as
erations shall be given to such factors as pressure, temperature, shown in the pertinent standards for each category, then that
section thickness, applicable design safety factor, vibration, part of the casting shall be judged unacceptable until satisfac-
shock, resistance to corrosion, involvement of penetrating torily repaired, if permissible.
radiations or radiation products, and involvement of dangerous 8.5 In general, there is no limit with regard to the extent of
gases or liquids. acceptable discontinuities in a casting, provided that no 5 by
NOTE 2—The radiographic definition of the defects illustrated will vary 7-in. [127 by 178-mm] area throughout the casting contains
according to the energy levels of the sources employed in the radiography. discontinuities that exceed those indicated on the minimum
acceptable reference radiographs.
7. Classification Specifications
8.6 Where the reference image consists of a collection of
7.1 The applicable radiographic severity level should be
discontinuities, as in the case of porosity, for example, accept-
designated for each discontinuity type by the contracting
ability may be based on the aggregate size of the discontinui-
agency in formal specifications or drawings and in the specific
ties present on both the reference radiograph and the object
contract or order. For castings, the level should be indepen-
dently specified for each discontinuity type, since they have radiograph, the maximum defect size present, the spacing
been shown to affect strength properties differently. For ex- between discontinuities, or a combination of these or other
ample, in the same casting severity level 2 might be specified criteria. These criteria must be determined based upon the
for shrinkage Type 3 and severity level 4 for gas porosity Type particular application or part under consideration and must be
1. The specifications, drawings, contract, or order should also specified by agreement between the purchaser and supplier.
designate the sampling plan for the castings to be radiographed
and the extent and quality level of the radiographic coverage. 9. Keywords
8. Procedure for Evaluation 9.1 castings; discontinuities; gamma ray; gray iron; refer-
ence radiographs; X-ray
8.1 Compare radiographs of the casting submitted for evalu-
ation with the reference radiographs applicable to the section
thickness and the source used.
ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
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make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.
This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above
address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website
(www.astm.org).

Gray Iron Castings Up To 4 In. (114 MM) in Thickness: Standard Reference Radiographs For

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Designation: E 802 – 95 (Reapproved 2005)

Standard Reference Radiographs for

1. Scope Volume I, Medium Voltage (Nominal 250 kVp) X-rays4

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