School Visayas National High school Grade Level 8

DAILY Teacher Ms. Maceda, Clarisse C. Learning Area PHYSICAL SCIENCE

LESSON
Teaching Dates Quarter 1
PLAN
and Time

At the end of the lesson, 80% of the students should be able to:
I. OBJECTIVES
• To be able to understand the timeline of the significant development of
the concepts of force and motion.
• Identify the Newton’s Laws of Motion;

A. Content Standards The learner demonstrates understanding of Newton’s Laws of Motion.

The learner is able to investigate, analyze and solve problems involving Newton’s
B. Performance Laws of Motion.
Standards

C. Learning Code: S11/12PS-IVd-50

Competencies/ The learners should be able to:
Objectives • Investigate the relationship between the amount of force applied and the
Write the LC code for mass of the object to the amount of change in the object’s motion;
each • Infer that when a body exerts a force on another, an equal amount of force
is exerted back on it;
• Demonstrate how a body responds to changes in motion.

II. CONTENT Topic: Newton’s Laws of Motion

III. LEARNING RESOURCES

A. References Science - Grade 8 Learner's Material First Module. 2014
1. Teacher’s Guide pages EASE Module 10: Force and Motion, Department of Education,
11/November/2014, electronic version. https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/detail
2. Learner’s Materials
pages
3. Textbook pages
4. Additional Materials Book, Laptop (PPT)
from Learning
Resource (LR) portal
B. Other Learning L. J. (2021, February 27). Newton’s Third Law of Motion | Newton’s Law | Video for Kids.
Resources YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQZS1vGu_TQ

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IV. Procedures

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

A. Routinary Activities

a.a Prayer

Please stand up let us pray.

Jasmine please lead the prayer. In the name of the Father……..
Amen
a.b Greetings

Good morning class! Good morning, ma’am.

a.c Checking of attendance

You may now be seated. Let me first

check your attendance. As I call your
name, kindly say “present”. (Attendance will be checked. Students will raise
their hands once their name is called.)
a.d Recapitulation of Previous Lesson

Class before we proceed to our

lesson, let me see if you can still
recall our past lesson may ask
someone what is Force? Force is any push and pull that causes change in
motion of an object.
Good!

What about Displacement? Displacement is the change in position as measured

from the starting point to the final point.
a.f Motivation

The teacher will show a picture related to the topic

to be discuss.

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 The teacher will ask the following:

1. What is common in the situations

above? All the picture that has in common is that they are all
moving.

Good answers!

2. Look around you what do you

observe? How would you describe
most of the objects that you see? Base on what I can see ma’am aside that I can see
my classmates that are sitting inside the classroom, I
can see the four walls of the classroom, other people
walking the hallway, people are talking and laughing.
Very good observations!

3. What can you say about moving

vehicles and running animals? Aside that they are moving ma’am I think both of them
have a direction to where they are going for example
the plane where it has a destination, same as the dog.
A good answer!

4. Have you ever asked yourself what

causes these things to move?
I think it has something to do with the force ma’am
wherein we cannot move if we do not exert a force or
A good answer! use energy.

5. How will the world be without motion?

Ma’am I think there would be no plants, animals and

even human if there would be no motion at, though
there are some of organism that may live without the
use of motion, us organism needed to move in able to
grow, develop and many more in order for us to live.
Thank you for all of your participation!

B. Lesson Proper

Newton’s third Laws of Motion

b.a. Learning Objectives

Okay, class Let us now start our discussion.

For today’s meeting, we will discuss the laws
of motion. Furthermore, here are the learning
objectives that will guide us all throughout the
discussion.

Can I ask Caryl to read the first part? To be able to understand the timeline of the significant
development of the concepts of force and motion.

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 Thank You!

Next Crystel will you please read the objective

number 2? Identify the Newton’s Laws of Motion;

Thank you! motion has been studied for

centuries by many great minds and one of the
example of that is Aristotle so let us use this
graphic organizer where we will be discussing
the one of the great minds of motion.

Will you please read Catherine? Aristotle (284 – 322 B.C.) believed that a moving
object needs a continuous application of force to keep
it moving. To him, an object is naturally at rest.

Thank you!

It means that he believed that the greater the

force on the object, the greater is its speed. He
introduced the idea of impetus that keeps a
body in motion.

Will you please read who is John Philoponus,

Mark? John Philoponus (550 A.D.) conceptualized the
idea of surrounding force similar to inertia found in
Galileo’s idea and Newton’s First Law of Motion. He
first introduced “Theory of Impetus, a concept similar
to force.
Thank you! According to this theory, an object
moves and continues to move because of an
energy imparted in it by the mover and ceases
the movement when that energy is exhausted,

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 though this theory was developed by Jean Jean Buridan (1300 -1358) also saw impetus as the
Buridan, will you please read it Bea? cause of movement. He further developed the
“Theory of Impetus” introduced by Philoponus.
According to him, motion is possible through a
“mover” that keeps the object moving with power
proportional to the speed and mass of the object.
When the mover is removed, the object stops
moving. He later named impetus as force.

In Short Buridan used the theory of impetus

to give an accurate qualitative account of the
motion of projectiles but he ultimately saw his
theory as a correction to Aristotle,
maintaining core peripatetic beliefs including
a fundamental qualitative difference between
motion and rest.

What about Galileo Galilei, will you please Galileo Galilei (1564 – 1642), disagreed to Aristotle.
read it Caryl? He claimed that even without a continuous
application of force, an object can continue to move
with constant speed in a straight line provided there
are no outside forces acting on it.

This means Galileo's claim that force causes

acceleration is inseparable from his claim that
bodies do not require a cause to continue
their movement. This latter claim states that a
body in motion will continue its motion so
long as no factor disturbs that motion. This
principle is called the principle of inertia.

And last is Isaac Newton which I know some

of you already know who he is, will you Sir Isaac Newton (1643 – 1727) used Galileo’s
please read it Claire? ideas and eventually formulated the three laws of
motion.

Isaac Newton's three laws of motion describe

the motion of massive bodies and how they
interact. While Newton's laws may seem
obvious to us today, more than three
centuries ago they were considered
revolutionary. Newton was one of the most
influential scientists of all time and today we
will be discussing the three laws of motion.

• Law of Inertia
The first one that we will discussing is about
the law of inertia Newton’s first law of motion,
will you please read it Joyce? The law of inertia, states that, “an object at rest
remains at rest, and an object in motion will continue

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 to move at constant velocity unless acted upon by a
net force.”
The tendency of an object to maintain its
state of rest or of uniform velocity in a straight
line is called inertia. Mass is a measure of the
inertia of an object. The greater the mass of
an object, the harder it is to move when it is
at rest, or difficult to stop when in motion.

A common example where inertia can be

observed is when you are on a bus. Initially, the
bus is at rest. When it starts to move, your body
has the tendency to move backward. On the
other hand, when the bus suddenly stops, your
body has the tendency to move forward. When
the bus either starts to move or suddenly stops,
your body has the tendency to change your state
of motion.

• Law of Acceleration
Next is the second law of motion, will you read it
James? The second law of motion is the law of acceleration
which states that “the acceleration of an object is
directly proportional to the net force acting on it and
is inversely proportional to the object’s mass. The
direction of the acceleration is in the direction of the
net force acting on the object.”

Newton’s second law of motion is expressed

through the equation: ∑𝐹⃗ = 𝑚𝑎⃗

If you Recall from Module 1 what is the symbol of The symbol for sigma is ∑and stands as the
sigma and what its stand for? algebraic sum ma’am.

Very good, ∑ 𝐹⃗ stands for the net force acting

on the object, m for mass of the object and 𝑎⃗ for
its acceleration. What indicate above the arrow of The arrow above the letters F indicates that both
the letter F? have magnitude and direction.

Very good, so in here I will give you a table that

shows the different units of mass, acceleration
and force involved in the second law of motion.

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 Table 1. Units for mass, acceleration and force.
System Mass Acceleration Force
MKS Kg m/s2 N= kg. m/s2
CGS G cm/s2 Dyne =
g.cm/s2
FPS slug ft/s2 Pounds (lbs) =
slug. ft/s2

In the Philippines, Presidential Decree No.

187 dated May 10, 1973, prescribes the use
of the metric system of weights and
measures as the standard measurement for
all products may it be commodities, materials,
utilities, services as well as in all business
and legal transactions. In this module, Meter-
Kilogram-Second (MKS) units are mostly
used. However, for some problems you may
convert the unit from one system to another.

Sample problem 1.
A 1000.0 kg truck is traveling at an
acceleration of 4.5000 m/s2, East. Find the
net force needed to accelerate the truck.

Given:
𝑎⃗ = 4.5000 m/s 2 , East
𝑚 = 1000.0 𝑘𝑔
Find ∑ 𝐹⃗ .

Solution:
∑𝐹⃗ = 𝑚𝑎⃗

∑ 𝐹⃗ = (1000.0 𝑘𝑔)(4.5000 m/s 2 ) = 4500.0

𝑘𝑔 ∙ m/s 2 𝑜𝑟 4500.0 𝑁, East.

Sample problem 2.
A boy rolls a 200 g baseball horizontally on
the floor with a net force of 2 N to the right.
What is the acceleration of the baseball?

Given:
𝑚 = 200 𝑔 = 0.2 𝑘𝑔 (notice the conversion of
unit)
∑ 𝐹⃗ = 2 𝑁, to the right
Find 𝑎⃗ .

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 Solution:
∑𝐹⃗ = 𝑚𝑎⃗

2𝑁 = (0.2 𝑘𝑔) 𝑎⃗ ; 2 𝑘𝑔∙𝑚/𝑠 2 0.2𝑘𝑔 = 𝑎⃗ ; since

N is equivalent to kg. m/s2,
𝑎⃗ = 10 𝑚/𝑠 2 , to the right.

Is there any questions about the law of inertia? None so far ma’am
• Law of Interaction
Okay let’s move on to the 3rd laws of motion
which is the Law of Interaction will you kindly
read it Kim? This law tells us that a force exerted on any object is
always exerted back by an equal magnitude of force
but in opposite direction. Always remember that in
this law, forces always come in pairs. These are
called action and reaction forces, and they do not act
on the same body.
How do we determine the action and the reaction
forces? In determining the action and reaction forces, we
must be able to identify first the action that requires
force, and then identify the reaction force that
counteracts the action force. the law of interaction
which states that “for every action, there is always an
equal and opposite reaction.”
Can you give me an example of action reaction
forces? An example of this is a boy pushing a wall. When the
boy pushes the wall (action), the wall exerts an equal
and opposite magnitude of force to the boy
(reaction).
Very good!

The Force of Gravity or Weight

In one of Galileo’s experiments, objects dropped

near the surface of the Earth would fall with the
same acceleration, if air resistance is neglected.
This acceleration is denoted by 𝒈⃗⃗ with an
approximate value of 9.8 m/s2 or 980 cm/ s2 or
32 ft/s2.

What causes the force to accelerate? Kindly read

it Shane? The force that causes this acceleration is called the
force of gravity or gravitational force. The force
acts vertically downward toward the center of the
Earth.
So the gravitational force on an object, 𝑭⃗⃗ 𝒈⃗⃗, can
be expressed as
𝐹⃗ 𝑔 = 𝑚 𝑔

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 where 𝑭⃗⃗ 𝒈⃗⃗ is for gravitational force, m for mass
and 𝒈⃗⃗ for acceleration due to gravity. The
direction of this force is always down toward the
center of the Earth.

The magnitude of the force of gravity on an

object, mg, is called the object’s weight,
symbolized by the letter W. When a person’s
mass is 40 kg, the computed weight is 392 N
(multiply the mass to g = 9.8 m/s2) on Earth. His
weight differs when he is on other planets and
satellites like the Moon.

Our discussion for this topic will be done through

a short activity. Let us read the situation and
analyze the pictures.

Mario and Alex are on a trip to Tinuy-an Falls,

Bislig City, Surigao del Sur. Suddenly the car
runs out of fuel then stops. Alex volunteers to
push the car to the side of the road. He pushes it
hard, but he cannot barely move the car. A
bystander helps him then the car accelerates.

Questions:

1. How do you compare the applied forces to

the cars in both pictures? In illustration A it depicts that the man alone cannot
move the car by himself since the amount of force
that he exert is smaller than the heavier car, while on
the other hand the car move since it has two person
who are pushing the car, where it means that the
amount of force that they exert are greater.

2. Why does the car in Picture B accelerate? It accelerate because it has two people pushing the
car which they can exert more force for the car to
accelerate.

3. What is the relationship between net force

and acceleration based on the situation? I think net force is equal to mass times acceleration.
A larger net force acting on an object causes a larger
acceleration, and objects with larger mass require
more force to accelerate.

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 Very good insights we can see that the force is
equal to mass times acceleration. A larger net
force acting on an object causes a larger
acceleration, and objects with larger mass
require more force to accelerate.

C. EVALUATION
Activity 1. Newton’s First Law of Motion (Law of
Inertia)

Direction:
In your answer sheet, match the pictures to the
statements that describes the pictures found
below. Write the letter of the correct answers on
a separate sheet of paper.

1. The body will continue to move and so it will

move forward until something will stop it.
_____________
2. As you hold on the handle, the force exerted
by the train through the handle gives your body
forward velocity. ____________
3. Your body has inertia, and so a force is
needed to change its velocity. The train floor
accelerates your feet but your body falls
backward. ___________

Activity 2. Newton’s Third Law of Motion

Direction:
Identify the action-reaction forces in each picture.
The first picture is done for you. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

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 Condition Force of Action Force of Reaction
A. A boy The force The force exerted
leaning exerted by the by the wall on the
against the boy on the boy.
wall. wall.
C.
D.
E.
F.

D. Assignment

Let us see how the second law is applied to

the problems below.

Problem 1

A boy pushed horizontally a 3.5 kg plastic

chair across the slippery floor. If
the acceleration of the plastic chair is 2.2
m/s2 to the left, what is the net force
exerted on the plastic chair?

Given: m= ______________kg

𝑎⃗ = ______________m/s2, to the left

Find: ∑ 𝐹⃗

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 Formula: ∑ 𝐹⃗ = 𝑚 𝑎⃗
Problem 2

A 3 kg box accelerated at 2 m/s2 upward

when pulled vertically by a string. Using 𝑔 =
9.8 m/s2, what is the tension on the string?

Given: m = ______________ 𝑎⃗ =
______________ 𝑔 = ______________ W =
m 𝑔 =(______________)(______________)
=______________
Find the Tension (T).

Solution:
There are two forces that act on the box, the
weight (W) of the box and the tension (T) exerted
by the rope on the box. In formula,

∑𝐹⃗ = m 𝑎⃗

Since the box is moving upward, we have

T – W = m 𝑎⃗
T – ______________ = ______________
T = ______________

Are there any questions and clarifications? None, Ma’am.

With that, let’s call it a day. Good bye, class! Goodbye and thank you, Ma’am!

Prepared By: Maceda, Clarisse C.

BSed Science 3A

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