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3 Inputandoutput

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11 views37 pages

3 Inputandoutput

Uploaded by

muhdfaridmfd0
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 3:

Input and Output statements


Input and output (I/O):
‘character’

• getchar( )  request an input


• putchar(variable)  display the output
e.g. insert a character and
display a character
I/O of string (long characters)

• gets( string)  request string input


• puts(string)display string output
e.g. insert string data, e.g. a[30]:
‘a’ is the variable name, [30] refers to the total set
Of string data can be stored
General input  “scanf”

• to read any type of data such as integer, character and float


• Syntax of scanf
• scanf(“control_string”, arg1, arg2….., argn);
• Control_string
• Format: %wp , e.g. %3s
• %- conversion character, w-width of input value(optional), p data type of character
• Control string may be continuous or separated by blank space, tabs etc. If this
character used, they are read by computer but will be ignored.
“scanf”  to save data into variable

Scientific notation

(same as float)
Some invalid input statements
General output (printf function)

• Used to print any type of data such as numeric, single character and string
• General form:
• printf(“control_string”, arg1,arg2… argn);
• It may be noted that the arguments of printf do not represent memory
address and hence no ampersand(&) sign required
Example printf
Format specifier output for integer
‘%d’

• %(w)d  w – width of integer/ format of integer


Reading multiple %d in scanf
• scanf(“%d”,&a)  read & store all digits
• scanf(“%2d”,&a)  read & store 2 digits into “a”
• scanf(“%4d”,&a)  read & store 4 digits into “a”
• scanf(“%2d%2d”,&a,&b);  read & store 2 digits into “a”, 2 digits into “b”
• scanf(“%2d%2d%3d”,&a,&a,&b);  read & store 2 digits into “a”, follow
by 2 digits into “a” again, follow by 3 digits into “b”
Example
Input data type (integer) : %d
• Read integer of data
• Format; %wd (w is field width)
• Can used separator
• E.g: ‘:’ ‘,’ ‘ ’
• Assignment suppression
• %*d
• Exp: scanf(“%d %*d %d”,&a,&b);
• Input: 100 200 300, the values of a and b are 100 and 300 respectively. 200 will not be
assigned to any value due to %*d. Useful when data is written in tabular form to skip a
particular column
Exercise 1.0: Read %d data
Given the scenario:
#include<stdio.h>
int main( )
{ int x,y,z;
scanf(“%2d%2d%2d%2d”,&x,&x,&y,&y);
printf(“%d%d”,x,y);

return 0;
}
Exercise 2.0: Read %d data (integer)
Given the scenario:
#include<stdio.h>
int main( )
{ int x=2,y=3,z=4;
scanf(“%1d%2d%2d%2d”,&x,&y,&x,&y);
printf(“%05d%+5d”,x,y);

return 0;
}
Exercise

int a,b,c,
float A=‘A’;
scanf(“%1d%2d%3d%3d%2d%d”,&a, &b, &a, &b, &c);
printf(“%5d,%+4d, %06d, %-5d”, A, a ,b , c);
Given value: 123456789012345
Example %c input and output
Input single character data “%c”
Example %c input and output
Exercise

• Char x;
• scanf("%c%c%*3c%c",&x,&x,&x);
• printf("%c",x);

Input: universityuthm
Input %s (string)

• Used to read string (more than 1 character)


• General form: %ws (w represent length of the string)
• This specification terminates reading at the counter of a blank space or new
line
Input: my name is..?

Input1 : Abu
Input2: bakar
Exercise 5.0: Read %c data
#include<stdio.h>
int main( )
{char x[5], y, z[5];
scanf(“%2s%c%2c”,x, &y, z);
printf(“%s%c%s”, x, y, z);

return 0;}
Exercise 6.0: Read %c & %s data
#include<stdio.h>
int main( )
{ int a = 65;
char b, c;
char d[5];
scanf(“%c%c%3s%2s”,&b, &c, d, d);
printf(“%c%c%c%s”,a,b,c,d);
return 0;
}
Format specifier output for float (%f)
• Format : %w.pf –w- width and p precision
Input: %f

• This format spesification is used to read floating point of data


• General form: %wf (w –width of data)
• Input: 12.3242.423
• a=12.300000 (read as %4f)
• b=242.000000 (read as %3f)
• C=0.400000 (read as %2f)
Exercise

• Scanf(“%2f%3f”,&x, &y)
• Input: 123.456.78.90

• Scanf(“%4f%2f%1f”,&x,&y)
• Input: 8.9032.21.23
•
Exercise 3.0: Read %f data
#include<stdio.h>
int main( )
{ float x,y,z;
scanf(“%2f%3f%2f”,&x ,&y, &z);
printf(“%.2f %06.1f %5.2f”,z, y, x);

return 0;}
Exercise

• Scanf(“%1f%2f%3f”,&x, &x, &y)


• Printf(“%05.2f, %4.1f”, &x, &y)
• Input: 123.456.78.90
Reading ‘blank space’ & “ * ”data
• Blank Spacing - will be counted as input data or considered as a stop point
• ‘ * ’ – refer to bypass or ‘jumped’

Scanf(“%2d%*3d%2d”,&a,&a);
Input: 1234 5678  read 12 by pass 34  read 56 Consider blank space

Input: 12345678  read 12 by pass 345 read 67


Exercise 7.0: Read ‘blank space’ & ‘ * ’ data
Given the scenario:
#include<stdio.h>
int main( )
{ int a,b,c=5;
scanf(“%2d%*2d%2d%2d”,&a,&a,&b);
printf(“%d%d%d”,a,b,c);

return 0;
}
Reading mixed data (%d and %c)
Example: %d and %f

• Input : 123.456
• First %2d is used to store integer in variable c
• Next, %3f is used to store 3 points float value in
variable j.
• Display the output on %d: 12 and %.2f: 3.40
Exercise reading mixed data (%d and %f)
Reading ‘blank space’ & * data

• Blank Spacing - will be counted as input data or considered as a stop point


• ‘ * ’ – refer to bypass or ‘jumped’
• Applicable for integer (%d)
Exercise 7.0: Read ‘blank space’ & ‘*’ data
Given the scenario:
#include<stdio.h>
int main( )
{ int a,b,c=5;
scanf(“%2d%*2d%2d%2d”,&a,&a,&b);
printf(“%d%d%d”,a,b,c);

return 0;
}
*.*
Output; %*.*f number number
e.g. K=2 e.g. j=3

• Width and precision can also be specified


dynamically
• printf(“%*.*f”,width,precision, arg);
Exercise: %*.*f

• Given X=3.142323, Y=4, Z=2


• printf(“ the value of X is %*.*f”, Y, Z, X);
Thank you.

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