Mis Exam
Mis Exam
Mis Exam
YEAR 2021/2022.
REGNo : 2018-M102-20077
EMAIL : ezsennoga@gmail.com
TEL : 0782861645
Question 1
Write a well referenced three-page paper explaining how KIKUBO owners can use MIS to
Management information systems are formal systems for presenting management with timely
and suitable information necessary for decision making (Leonardi and Bailey, 2008). The system
gives information on the past, present and project future and on related developments inside and
outside the organization (Baccarini, 1999). It may be described as an integrated and organized
system for collecting relevant data, transforming it into correct information and providing the
same to the concerned executives. The main purpose of MIS is to “provide the right information
to the right people at the right time” (Gray, 2000). The ideas of management information systems
were formed to counteract such inefficient development and productive use of the computer.
Management information system is a broad term that incorporates many specialized systems.
Below are the different ways through which KIKUBO owners can use MIS to improve
Executive Information System (EIS): KIKUBO owners use an EIS to make decisions that
affect the entire organization. Executives need high-level data with the ability to drill down as
effectiveness of past and current campaigns and use the lessons learned to plan future campaigns
Business Intelligence System (BIS): Operations use a BIS to make business decisions based on
the collection, integration, and analysis of the collected data and information (Henry, 2001). This
system is similar to EIS, but both lower-level managers and executives use it.
Customer Relationship Management System (CRM): A CRM system stores key information
about customers, including previous sales, contact information, and sales opportunities. (Gray,
2000) Marketing, customer service, sales, and business development teams often use CRM.
Sales Force Automation System (SFA): A specialized component of a CRM system that
automates many tasks that a sales team performs. It can include contact management, lead
Transaction Processing System (TPS): An MIS that completes a sale and manages related
details. On a basic level, a TPS could be a point of sale (POS) system, or a system that allows a
traveler to search for a hotel and include room options, such as price range, the type and number
of beds, or a swimming pool, and then select and book it. Employees can use the data created to
Knowledge Management System (KMS): Customer service at KIKUBO can use a KM system
and accounting, such as accounts payable (AP) and accounts receivable (AR). KIKUBO owners
Human Resource Management System (HRMS): This system tracks employee performance
records and payroll data. according to Gray (2000), human resources management information
systems are occupied with activities related to all managerial levels, workers, and other
individuals employed by the company. Because the personnel function refers to all other
business areas, the human resources management information system represents an invaluable
part in guaranteeing organizational success (Spathis et al., 2007). Activities performed by the
human resources management information systems include workforce analysis and planning,
Supply Chain Management System (SCM): Manufacturing companies use SCM to track the
flow of resources, materials, and services from purchase until final products are
Management information system is vital for the development of business, with many benefits
that may result from it. These benefits can be obtained from the business owner application of
information systems. To be able to keep compete with competitors will require a safe and
reliable management information systems. MIS is a concept linked with man, machine,
marketing and methods for collecting information from the internal and external source and
analyzing this information to facilitate the process of decision-making of the business. Previous
research of DeLone and McLean (2003) implied that “the success of information systems will
enhance the performance of enterprises.” This is the reason numerous companies have invested
All business crave improved operational efficiency and flexibility. Also, in the long run, a good
and most of all operational, functional and efficient management information system should be
sustained by electronic data communication network systems that are proven to be stable and
reliable. With the use of valid information systems, the company can exchange information more
Suggest IT infrastructure components that should be adopted for any Uganda business
In the changing world, there is a necessity to improve the business requirements according to the
Whether you are new to ecommerce or already into ecommerce, your major priority is to
increase the overall efficiency of the organization. When you want to improve efficiency, you
must have a strategy and the right infrastructure to address the needs of the user and flexible
Infrastructure is the foundation that makes your business stand out. Ecommerce infrastructure is
a collection of hardware, software, network, facilities, etc. that you need to run an ecommerce
business. When you have the right infrastructure, you will have an optimized business
performance. Here are some important components that you must consider while planning your
ecommerce infrastructure.
IT infrastructure components that should be adopted for any Uganda business intending to
outcompete Amazon
Ecommerce environment: This defines general guidelines and frameworks that will make your
business suitable for running ecommerce. It is a standard like technical tools, legal and
services will work together to provide particular functions to the ecommerce business. Services
The infrastructure services can further be classified in terms of the services they provide to the
user or an organization. Network services, directory services, payment services, and security
Ecommerce solution providers: They offer an end-to-end solution for ecommerce business
Ecommerce infrastructure identifies each functionality of the hardware, software, and network
with their key role. When you know about the functionality of the components in ecommerce,
Hardware:
Hardware does several things, which includes allowing you to connect to your network and have
access to the outside world. It allows you to store data, recover and use your data. Some
program or a device and can be used for different purposes. Some common servers are a proxy
Software:
Software components include services like system management tools, analytic tools for
Management services: When you run an ecommerce business you need to manage various
services like content, database and resources. Enterprise resource planning, content management,
and data centers are some software services that help in managing the resources of the company
efficiency.
Analytics: Ecommerce business is more competitive since it is growing day by day. So, it's
important to analyze your capacity, which helps in improving your system to perform
better. Web analytics and text analytics tools will help in estimating your ecommerce site.
could be data access for components, communication protocols, specialized servers, or a mix of
all.
API: An application program interface is a protocol or a tool for building the software
applications. It specifies how a software component should interact with each other.
Network:
Network provides the communication path and services between users, processes, applications,
Internet connectivity: Establishing the connection between various devices and processes.
Firewalls: Firewalls protect your networks from outside attackers. It enables you to specify what
Security services: Even some times firewalls may lack in protecting against the hackers
Load balancer: It uses load balancers to distribute the overall load on your web or application
DNS: Domain Name System is naming a system for your website. They locate the internet
Criteria for choosing IT infrastructure components that should be adopted for any Uganda
Choosing the right infrastructure to match your ecommerce business strategies enables your
Flexibility: An ecommerce environment must be easy to manage for all users. They must have
the ability to respond quickly for all the changes and must adapt the new technologies and
platforms. When any one of the services fails, it will cause a major effect in delivering efficient
performance.
Scalability: Ecommerce grows rapidly where new technology and services get added regularly
services. The infrastructure should be scalable in terms of technology, human recourses, high
traffic, etc. Also, the performance of the system should not be slowed down.
malware, security attacks, etc. Your infrastructure must allow firewalls to protect your
ecommerce infrastructure is a major failure for a business in the long run. You need to have an
infrastructure based on the needs and priorities of your company. Even managing your
ecommerce infrastructure is challenging, but well-defined planning and management can reduce
Advise the government on the concept of security and e-service delivery as a factor in
With the increasing reliance on technology, it is becoming more and more essential to secure
every aspect of online information and data. As the internet grows and computer networks
become bigger, data integrity has become one of the most important aspects for organizations to
consider. Let’s take a look at why network security is so important in today’s digital age.
At its core, cyber security is about risk management. But leaders who see the opportunities
beyond just preventing data breaches and minimizing cyber threats can begin to realize the full
Millions of cyber threats are being created every year and at great cost to businesses, exceeding
While primarily launched for financial gain, the reasons behind cyber-attacks can be as varied as
the perpetrators themselves. Whether it’s cyber criminals, hacktivists, or industrial spies, the
common ground these bad actors share is how agile, sophisticated, and stealthy their attacks are
becoming.
Protection against internal threats
The weakest link in the cyber security chain remains the human factor. Whether it’s accidental,
negligent, or outright malicious, insider threats can come from current or former employees,
What’s more, the exponential growth of remote work, personal devices used for business
applications, and even IoT devices in remote settings can help these types of threats fly under the
But with proactive monitoring of networks and managed access, detecting and responding to
threats can cut down on costly incidents. Moreover, providing consistent, up-to-date training can
help turn the risk your people currently are into the extension of the cyber security solution you
need.
Regulation compliance
In response to the increased cyber threats and exposure of sensitive data businesses face today,
many regulatory bodies are setting standards to help protect organizations and their customers
alike. Some of these regulatory standards include GDPR, HIPAA, PCI DDS, and SOX to name a
few.
For industries that still remain underregulated, there’s opportunity for businesses to invest in
Improved productivity
Viruses and other cyber-attacks can slow networks and personal devices down to a crawl,
making it virtually impossible for employees to work. For websites to function. And for business
to operate.
By implementing a range of cyber security measures such as improved firewalls, virus scanning
and automated backups you can drastically reduce violations and the downtime it takes to
remedy the breach. Education and training can also help guide employees to identifying potential
email phishing scams, suspect links, and other nefarious criminal efforts.
According to the Hiscox Cyber Readiness Report 2021, the average cost of a single cyber-attack
to a small business in the U.S. is $25,612. Considering the fact that only about 40% of SMBs
operate profit at the loss of data and cost to recover it, downtime to restart operations, and hefty
As cyber-attacks only continue to grow more sophisticated and complex every day, it’s important
to weigh the cost of dealing with one attack versus the value of taking preventative measures. By
mitigating risks, you put your business in a better position to respond, recover, and keep existing
customers happy a far more cost-efficient option than attracting new ones.
Brand trust and reputation
Perhaps the greatest case to make for the benefits of cyber security in business is the reputation
One of the most important factors in business growth is customer retention. Maintaining brand
loyalty through a strong cyber security position is paramount for customers today, and the
It also opens doors to potential future ventures and expansion, helping producers land on the
vendor list with larger organizations as part of their supply chain that are only as strong as their
weakest link. According to the National Institute of Information Technology (NIST), the factors
that allow for low-cost interoperability and rapid innovation also increase the risk of
compromise. With so many high-profile cyber breaches in the past two years alone, larger
companies are examining closely the cyber security practices of third-party vendors.
Question 4
Advise company XYZ on the pros and cons of digital marketing and suggest solutions to
the challenges.
Digital marketing, also called online marketing, is the promotion of brands to connect with
potential customers using the internet and other forms of digital communication. This includes
not only email, social media, and web-based advertising, but also text and multimedia messages
as a marketing channel.
Digital marketing comprises all marketing efforts that use the internet. These include digital
channels such as search engines, email, websites, social media, etc., that can be used to connect
Global Reach
campaign can be hard, expensive, as well as labor-intensive. However, digital marketing happens
on the Internet, which means that the reach you can achieve with it is immense. Even a very
small local business owner has the ability to reach an international audience with an online store.
This would never be possible with traditional marketing or would cost a whole lot of money to
do so. This online accessibility has opened many growth opportunities for businesses to explore.
The combination of global reach and visibility is a great opportunity for any business.
Local Reach
While global reach is a significant advantage of digital marketing, it also improves local
visibility, which is especially important if your business relies on nearby customers. Local SEO
and locally targeted ads can be beneficial for companies trying to bring more customers to their
doors. Think of the reach you can get to a whole neighborhood with digital marketing versus the
reach it would take you to print out flyers and distribute them around.
Lower Cost
Whether you want to promote your business locally or internationally, digital marketing provides
you with cost-effective solutions. It allows even the smallest companies to compete with larger
companies using highly targeted strategies. Most of these strategies won’t even cost anything at
all to start with (such as SEO, social media, and content marketing). However, not every form of
digital marketing is suitable for every business and some may even have more costs than others.
Easy to Learn
While there are many aspects of digital marketing that you need to learn, it is fairly easy to get
started with. It gets more complex from the nature of the goals and the scale of the campaigns.
However, it is all a matter of finding the right strategy that works for your business.
Effective Targeting
Even if you don’t have a clear idea of your target audience, digital marketing enables you to
extract data to see which audiences will work best for you and optimize your campaign around
them. There are many different options of targeting such as through keywords for search engine
This enormous amount of targeting elements at your disposal makes sure that every campaign
reaches the right audience. It also helps you to analyze the changing behaviors of customers and
modify campaigns for those changes. This ability to understand customers’ changing needs
Multiple Strategies
There are different strategies of digital marketing that can be used by different types of
businesses. A B2B business that is interested in gaining international leads may have a totally
different strategy than a B2C local business selling clothes. While some companies can benefit
more easily with content marketing and SEO, others can benefit from conversion-based ad
campaigns. The key is to always analyze the results and develop better tactics and methods with
time. A well-executed digital marketing strategy is one that changes and adapts quickly as the
Another crucial advantage of digital marketing is the different content types available to
showcase your brand online. For a lot of platforms, there is a wide range of content types you
can choose from to keep your brand fresh and build effective online campaigns. Unlike
traditional marketing, you can more easily reproduce one content to fit as many platforms as you
want.
Increased Engagement
One of the most important advantages of digital marketing is increased engagement. Digital
marketing is designed to be highly engaging by default. Users can share a blog post, like a
photo, save a video, or engage with your website via a paid ad click. The best part is that all of
these actions can be measured. This enables you to create even more engaging posts to increase
brand awareness or boost sales. The more you engage online, the more loyal customers you can
get. Businesses that use engaging formats effectively in their online strategies have an easier
Another important advantage of digital marketing is web analytics which measures the result of
digital marketing campaigns in real-time. This helps to optimize future campaigns and fix any
possible mistakes quickly. Analyzing your digital marketing campaigns also enables you to have
the ability to pinpoint every source of traffic and take total control of your sales funnels.
High competition
The digital marketing campaign should be well thought of, should stand out, grab attention and
create impact on the target audience since the competition has grown many folds in the recent
past. Any monotonous approach or repeated method will drive the brand out of the competition
in no time. Digital marketing campaigns have become very competitive, thus, brands have to be
Digital marketing is purely based on technology and the internet is prone to errors. There are
times when the links may not work, landing pages may not load, and page buttons just don’t
simply do its job. This leads the prospective customers to switch to other brands. Therefore, to
avoid this, a test of the website is necessary, also proofreading the contents and making sure that
Time Consuming
One of the biggest disadvantages of digital marketing campaigns is its time-consuming nature.
Unorganized tactics and strategies may consume a lot of time and often it becomes difficult to
devote the desirable time to the campaign. This will eventually lead to negative results.
Therefore, it has been suggested to focus on a strategy that the company needs the most then
accordingly plan and curate the content. Digital marketing tools like HubSpot, Ahrefs and
social media posting, and scheduling tools like Hootsuite and Tweetdeck should be used to
Security is the primary requirement for any brand, hence website protection is something to be
executed seriously as a digital marketer. Securing the network and safeguarding the network
connections by using firewalls and encryption tools like VPN is always suggested. The basic
approach of having a good antivirus is most desirable. The legal considerations in obtaining
customer data for using in digital marketing strategies must be done with all required formalities.
Protecting the customer data should be the top priority as it may be compromised during data
breaches.
The main advantages and disadvantages of digital marketing will work out only if market
research is not compromised by finding the best platform, creating the right content, taking note
of its pros and cons, learning the perfect timing, and pushing up the brand. Marketing, be it
traditional or digital, is all about connecting to people at the right time in the right place.
Solutions
Offering better content and utilizing paid media will help your business stand out to your
audiences and gain an upper hand over your competitors. Understanding your target
audience becomes prudent here. In order to gain new customers, it’s important that you first
understand their wants and needs and are able to showcase how your business is the right
solution for them. There are several tools called Make My Persona from HubSpot that simplify
As for creating content that stands out, try creating content your audience actually wants to
engage with by utilizing your blog to answer their questions and social media pages for questions
Refresh your brand for 2022. A well-defined brand increases brand recognition and can help
score more customers. For many businesses, their brand is no longer represents who they are as a
company or is no longer resonating with their target customers, which is why brand awareness
In this era of the virtual world, engaging the online audience requires brands to be transparent
and authentic, regardless of whether they’re finding new social media or creating new content to
post. Focus on creating quality content that increases brand loyalty and allows content to be
Understand your audience. The best way to market to a consumer that doesn’t know about
your product or service is to provide content that is tailored to your key audience. What are their
challenges, motivations, how do they consume information? By understanding and defining your
target personas you can start to connect with your audience by answering their questions and
communicating your product or service as the solution to their problems. Try communicating
through a variety of channels to see where your audience is most engaged: create content that
answers their questions, use highly relevant hashtags in social media, and promote your content
It’s now easier than ever to segment audiences since many digital marketing platforms allow you
to target a specific audience. We have access to online tools that keep track of an individual’s
online activities and demographic information. Digital marketers can use this data to offer users
specific products or services that they may be interested in. For instance, once a visitor clicks on
a brand’s display ad, whether on social media or through a search engine, the brand can target
that visitor with subsequent and related ads. If the content a visitor receives is based on their
interests and online behaviors, it creates positive reinforcement and makes shopping easier and
more satisfying.
Optimize and Obtain Better Conversion Rates
Unlike traditional marketing, which includes expensive TV, radio, or print ads, online
advertising platforms are much more affordable. You can also improve your advert conversion
rate more conveniently than you can with traditional advertising. With print advertisements, it’s
If any brand is to gain credibility quickly and sustainably, it would be via the internet. Content
marketing studies show that digitally active brands usually end up having the most credibility.
Through its content, a company can address customers’ doubts, clarify important concepts, and
Useful and interesting content helps a company to gain the trust of its customers, as well as that
of industry experts. It can be effective to the extent that competitors start to cite it also in their
content.
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