Theory CHP 7 Pressure

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Theory Chp 7 Pressure

1 A rectangular container has a base of dimensions 0.12 m × 0.16 m. The container is filled with a
liquid. The mass of the liquid in the container is 4.8 kg.

(a) Calculate

(i) the weight of liquid in the container,

weight = ...........................................................[1]

(ii) the pressure due to the liquid on the base of the container.

pressure = ...........................................................[2]

(b) Explain why the total pressure on the base of the container is greater than the value calculated
in (a)(ii).

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) The depth of liquid in the container is 0.32 m.

Calculate the density of the liquid.

density = ...........................................................[2]

[Total: 6]
2 Fig. 2.1 shows a hollow metal cylinder containing air, floating in the sea.

surface
of sea air

1.8 m
1.2 m

seawater

bottom

Fig. 2.1

(a) The density of the metal used to make the cylinder is greater than the density of seawater.

Explain why the cylinder floats.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) The cylinder has a length of 1.8 m. It floats with 1.2 m submerged in the sea. The bottom of
the cylinder has an area of cross-section of 0.80 m2.

The density of seawater is 1020 kg / m3. Calculate the force exerted on the bottom of the
cylinder due to the depth of the seawater.

force = ...........................................................[4]

(c) Deduce the weight of the cylinder. Explain your answer.

weight = ...............................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 7]
3 A flask contains gas with a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure.

Fig. 3.1 shows equipment being used to measure the pressure of the gas in the flask.

atmospheric
pressure

A
flask
280 mm
B
gas

mercury

Fig. 3.1

(a) State the name of the equipment shown in Fig. 3.1 that is used to measure the pressure of
the gas.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) The atmospheric pressure is equal to 760 mm Hg.

The distance between mercury level A and mercury level B is 280 mm.

Determine the pressure of the gas inside the flask.

pressure = ............................................ mm Hg [2]

(c) The flask is cooled. Describe the effect, if any, the cooling has on

mercury level A .........................................................................................................................

mercury level B .........................................................................................................................


[1]

[Total: 4]
4 (a) Fig. 4.1 shows liquid in a cylinder.

cylinder

liquid

Fig. 4.1

The depth of the liquid is 10 cm and the radius of the cylinder is 3.0 cm. The weight of the
liquid in the cylinder is 2.5 N.

Calculate the density of the liquid.

density = ...........................................................[3]

(b) Fig. 4.2 shows a device that measures the pressure of a gas supply.

gas supply

liquid

Fig. 4.2

(i) State the name of the device. .......................................................................................[1]


(ii) The difference h between the two liquid levels is 2.0 cm. The density of the liquid is
800 kg / m3.

Calculate the difference between the pressure of the gas and atmospheric pressure.

pressure difference = ...........................................................[2]

(iii) A similar device with a tube of smaller cross-sectional area is connected to a gas supply
at the same pressure.

State and explain any effect on the value of h.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 8]
MCQ Answers
5 (a) Fig 2.1 shows liquid in a cylinder.

cylinder

liquid

Fig. 2.1

Table 2.1 gives some data about the cylinder and the liquid.

Table 2.1

radius of cylinder 3.5 cm


weight of empty cylinder 2.5 N
depth of liquid 12.0 cm
density of liquid 900 kg / m3

The cylinder containing liquid is placed on a digital balance that displays the mass in kg.

Calculate the reading shown on the balance.

reading ...................................................... kg [4]


(b) Fig. 2.2 shows a device that measures the pressure of a gas.

gas supply

glass tube

liquid 50 mm

Fig. 2.2

(i) State the name of the device. .......................................................................................[1]

(ii) The pressure of the gas is 400 Pa greater than atmospheric pressure.

Calculate the density of the liquid.

density = ...........................................................[2]

(iii) With the gas supply connected, the top of the tube on the left of the device is sealed
securely with a rubber stopper. The gas pressure is then increased.

State and explain what happens to the liquid in the device.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 9]
6 The density of mercury is 1.4 × 104 kg / m3.

(a) Fig. 3.1 shows an instrument that is being used to determine the atmospheric pressure.
space A

760 mm
mercury

Fig. 3.1 (not to scale)

(i) State the name of the instrument.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) State what is in space A.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) Calculate the atmospheric pressure.

atmospheric pressure = ...........................................................[2]

(b) Fig. 3.2 shows mercury stored in a cylindrical glass jar of internal radius 4.0 cm. The depth of
mercury in the jar is 12 cm.

mercury
12 cm

8.0 cm

Fig. 3.2 (not to scale)

Calculate the weight of mercury in the jar.

weight = ...........................................................[3]

[Total: 7]

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