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    Nanoparticles As Gas Sensors - (18BS012) - 7-8

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    Nanoparticles As Gas Sensors - (18BS012) - 7-8

    Uploaded by

    Bhargav
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    Nanoparticles as gas sensors - (18BS012)-7-8

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    4 views2 pages

    Nanoparticles As Gas Sensors - (18BS012) - 7-8

    Uploaded by

    Bhargav

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    modulation of the electrical signal enable tuning electrical properties by

    controlling the composition and the size of the nanomaterial, and ease
    configuration and integration in low-power microelectronic systems.

    Nanosized gas sensors are faster,require lower power and can operate at lower
    temperatures.
    In the present context,we will be discussing only about metal oxide gas
    sensors (in the context of nano particles) .Metal oxide gas sensors are most
    commonly used gas sensors.

    THEORY

    Nanomaterials are classified depending on their dimensions into three


    categories: zero,one and two-dimensional nano materials. In order to
    use those materials for gas sensing applications, they should have
    suitable composition and morphologies . Nanoclusters are defined as
    aggregates of atoms (or small nanoparticles) that are in nanometer size
    and their properties are different from their bulk equivalents. A main
    advantage of the gas sensors made of porous nanostructured thin films
    is that the volume of the nanostructure is accessible to the gases where
    the active surface is much higher than the geometric one.

    Nanoclusters can be synthesized using different chemical and physical


    methods.Those synthesis methods include

    (a) physical synthesis such as inert gas condensation, ball milling, laser
    ablation, and others.

    (b) chemical synthesis such as sol-gel, chemical reduction, hydrolysis, and


    others.

    (c) biological synthesis that can be established using algae, plant extracts,
    bacteria, fungi, yeast, and others

    We will discuss about Metal oxide based gas


    sensors
    METAL OXIDE BASED GAS SENSORS :

    Semiconductor metal oxide gas sensors have size in the range of


    1 nm–100 nm. It detects concentration of various gases by
    measuring the resistance change of metal oxide due to adsorption
    of gases. The important properties of a gas sensor is the ability to
    select and target the specific gas species from a mixture of gases at
    minimum value of volume concentration.Response
    time,reversibility,adsorptive capacity,energy consumption are some
    of the other properties.They are sensitive to external pressure and
    light energy.They have good sensitivity towards chemical
    environment.Low fabrication cost is another advantage.Nano
    structured metal oxides are emerging as potent class of materials for
    enhancing the properties of gas sensing devices.There are many
    wide range of metal oxide gas sensors for the detection of
    combustible,reducing or oxidising gases.Electronic structure plays
    the determinant role for selection of it as a gas sensor.

    Metal oxides are classified as –


    • Non transition metal oxides
    • Transition metal oxides

    Non transition metal oxides are seldom used as gas


    sensors.Transitional metal oxides are more sensitive towards
    environment than the former ones.However,their application as gas
    sensors is limited due to their instability in structure and non optimality
    of other parameters required for conductometric gas
    sensors.Transitional metal oxides with d0 and d10 electronic
    configurations find abundant application in the aspect of gas
    sensors.The d0 configuration is found in binary transition metal oxides
    such as TiO2 , V2O5 ,WO5 and d10 configuration is found in post
    transitional metal oxides like ZnO and SnO2 .

    Most of the metal oxide sensors sensitive to gas concentration are n-


    type semiconductors.Sensors based on metal oxide semiconductors are
    mainly applied to detect gases through redox reactions,between target
    gases and oxide surface.These process include two steps :

    1) Redox reaction during which O- distributed on the surface of the material


    would react with the molecules of the target gases leading to an electronic
    variation of the oxide surface.

    2) This variation is transduced to an electrical resistance variation of the


    sensors.The resistance variation could be detected by measuring the change in
    capacitance,work function,mass,optical characteristics or reaction energy.

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