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    Gerunds

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    Gerunds

    Uploaded by

    2367012015
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    11 views5 pages

    Gerunds

    Uploaded by

    2367012015

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    https://dictionary.cambridge.

    org/grammar/british-grammar/verb-patterns-verb-infinitive-or-verb-ing
    https://forms.gle/QnZcupDsB6xJDVPA9

    Verb patterns: verb + infinitive or verb + -


    ing?
    Grammar > Verbs > Verb patterns > Verb patterns: verb + infinitive or verb + -ing?
    from English Grammar Today
    Verbs followed by a to-infinitive
    Some verbs can be followed immediately by a to-infinitive:
    deman
    afford like pretend
    d

    agree fail love promise

    arrange forget manage refuse

    mean (= remembe
    ask hate
    intend) r

    begin help need start

    choose hope offer try

    continu
    intend plan want
    e

    decide learn prefer


    I can’t afford to go on holiday.
    It began to rain.
    She hopes to go to university next year.
    My mother never learnt to swim.
    Did you remember to ring Nigel?
    See also:
     Help somebody (to) do
     Want
     Verbs followed by a direct object and a to-infinitive
    Verbs followed by -ing
    -ing but not to-infinitive
    Some verbs are normally followed by the -ing form, not the to-infinitive:
    admit deny finish mind
    avoid dislike give up miss

    practis
    (can’t) help enjoy imagine
    e

    (can’t)
    fancy involve put off
    stand

    feel keep
    consider risk
    like (on)
    I always enjoy cooking.
    Not: I always enjoy to cook.
    We haven’t finished eating yet.
    Not: We haven’t finished to eat.
    She keeps changing her mind about the wedding.
    New subject before -ing
    Some of these verbs (e.g. can’t stand, dislike, imagine, involve, mind, miss, put
    off and risk) can be used with a new subject before the -ing form (underlined in the
    examples below). If the new subject is a pronoun, it is in the object form (me, him, her,
    us, them):
    We just couldn’t imagine Gerry singing in public.
    Do you mind me being here while you’re working?
    I don’t want to risk him losing his job.
    See also:
     Verbs followed by -ing
    Verbs followed by a to-infinitive or -ing
    Hate, like, love, prefer
    Hate, like, love and prefer can be followed either by -ing or a to-infinitive. The difference
    in meaning is often small. The -ing form emphasises the verb itself. The to-infinitive puts
    the emphasis more on the preference for, or the results of, the action.
    Compare
    -ing form to-infinitive

    I love cooking Indian food. (emphasis I like to drink juice in the morning, and tea at
    on the process itself and enjoyment of lunchtime. (emphasis more on the preference or
    it) habit)

    She hates cleaning her I hate to be the only person to disagree. (emphasis
    room. (emphasis on the process itself more on the result: I would prefer not to be in that
    and no enjoyment of it) situation.)

    Most people prefer watching a film at We prefer to drive during the day whenever we
    the cinema rather than on can. (emphasis more on the result and on the habit
    TV. (emphasis on the process itself and or preference. The speaker doesn’t necessarily
    enjoyment of it) enjoy the process of driving at any time of day.)
    Hate, like, love, prefer with would or should
    When hate, like, love and prefer are used with would or should, only the to-infinitive is
    used, not the -ing form:
    She’d love to get a job nearer home.
    Not: She’d love getting a job nearer home.
    Would you like to have dinner with us on Friday?
    To-infinitive or -ing form with a change in meaning
    Some verbs can be followed by a to-infinitive or the -ing form, but with a change in
    meaning:
    go remembe
    need try
    on r

    mea regre wan


    stop
    n t t
    Compare
    -ing form to-infinitive

    Working in London means


    leaving home at 6.30. (Because I work I didn’t mean to make you cry. (I didn’t intend to
    in London, this is the result or make you cry.)
    consequence.)

    He went on singing after everyone She recited a poem, then went on to sing a lovely
    else had finished. (He continued folk song. (She recited the poem first, then she sang
    singing without stopping.) the song.)

    I tried searching the web and finally


    found an address for him. (I searched I tried to email Simon but it bounced back. (I
    the web to see what information I could tried/attempted to email him but I did not succeed.)
    find.)

    She stopped crying as soon as she saw We stopped to buy some water at the motorway
    her mother. (She was crying, and then service area. (We were travelling and we stopped
    she didn’t cry anymore.) for a short time in order to buy some water.)
    See also:
     Mean
     Need
     Remember or remind?
     Stop + -ing form or to-infinitive
     Want
    Verbs followed by an infinitive without to
    Let, make
    Let and make are followed by an infinitive without to in active voice sentences. They
    always have an object (underlined) before the infinitive:
    Let me show you this DVD I’ve got.
    They made us wait while they checked our documents.
    Not: They made us to wait …
    Help
    Help can be followed by an infinitive without to or a to-infinitive:
    She helped me find a direction in life.
    Everyone can help to reduce carbon emissions by using public transport.
    See also:
     Help somebody (to) do
     Let, let’s
     Make
    Verbs followed by -ing or an infinitive without to
    A group of verbs connected with feeling, hearing and seeing can be used with -ing or
    with an infinitive without to:
    feel notice see

    hea overhea watc


    r r h
    When they are used with -ing, these verbs emphasise the action or event in progress.
    When they are used with an infinitive without to, they emphasise the action or event
    seen as a whole, or as completed.
    Compare
    -ing infinitive without to

    She heard people shouting in the street below


    I heard someone shout ‘Help!’, so I ran to
    and looked out of the window. (emphasises that
    the river. (emphasises the whole event: the
    the shouting probably continued or was
    person probably shouted only once)
    repeated)

    A police officer saw him running along the Emily saw Philip run out of Sandra’s
    street. (emphasises the running as it was office. (emphasises the whole event from
    happening) start to finish)

    Verbs followed by a direct object and a to-infinitive


    Some verbs are used with a direct object (underlined) followed by a to-infinitive. These
    verbs include:
    advise hate like persuade reques
    t

    ask help love prefer teach

    challeng instruc recommen


    need tell
    e t d

    orde
    choose intend remind want
    r

    forbid invite
    I advised him to get a job as soon as possible.
    Did Martin teach Gary to play squash?
    They want me to go to Germany with them.

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