GENERAL APTITUDE

Trainer : Sujata Mohite

sujata.mohite@sunbeaminfo.com

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Ratio & Proportion(Poll)
Q. The incomes of A & B are in the ratio 3:2. Their respective expenditures are in
the ratio 5:3. If each of them saves Rs. 2000, what is the income of B?
A. Rs 12,000 B. Rs 8,000 C. Rs 16,000 D. Rs 6,000

Ans : B

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Percentage
• Percentage is a fraction whose denominator is 100(per 100)
Fract % Fracti % Fracti % Fracti % Fracti %
ion 100 on on on on
x100 1/1 100% 1/6 16.66 1/11 9.09
3/4 75% 5/4 125% % %
1/2 50% 1/7 14.28 1/12 8.33
4/5 80% 3/2 150%
% %
2/3 66.66 1/16 6.25% 1/3 33.33 1/8 12.5 1/13 7.69
% % % %
5/6 83.33 1/4 25% 1/9 11.11 1/14 7.14
% % %
1/5 20% 1/10 10% 1/15 6.66
6/5 120% %
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Percentage
• Number = 700
1
• 1% of 700 = 100 x 700 = 7
10
• 10% of 700 = x 700 = 70
100

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Percentage
Q. x is 83.33% of y. So y is ____% of x Fraction % Fraction %
x100 100
Solution:
3/4 75% 5/4 125%
x = 83.33y
5 4/5 80% 3/2 150%
x = y
6
6 2/3 66.66 1/16 6.25%
So, y = x %
5

5/6 83.33
y = 120% (from chart) %

6/5 120%

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Percentage
Q. x is 80% of y. So y is ____% of x

Solution:
x = 80y
4
x = y
5
5
So, y = x
4

y = 125%

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Percentage
Q. A number x is increased by 20% then the number is decreased by 20%. Find the net
% change.
• Soln :
• If a number is increased / decreased by x% then there is always a loss of -(𝑥/10)2
• Net % Change = -(20/10)2 = -(400/100) = - 4% (loss)
• OR
• Let the number be 100
• 100 by 20% =120
• So 20% of 120 = 96

• 100 120 96

-4% = net change

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Percentage
Q. A number x is increased by 50% then the number is increased by 20% and again by
10%. Find the net % change
Soln:
• Let the number be 100
• 100 by 50% =150
• Again, 150 by 20% =30, So 150 + 30 = 180
• 10% of 180 = 18, So, 180 + 18 = 198

• 100 150 180 198

98% = net change

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Percentage
• Two Step change of Percentage
In first step if number is changed by a% and the result is again changed by b%
the net percentage change of original number is given by
Net % Change in Number = a + b + ab/100 (+ve or –ve)

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Percentage
Q. If a number is increased by 12 % & then decreased by 18% then the net % change
in number is
Soln:
Net % Change in Number = a + b + ab/100 (+ve or –ve)

% Change = 12 – 18 + (12 x -18)/100

= -6 – 2.16
= - 8.16%

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 Percentage
• Percentage Change & effect on Product
If A x B = Product
If A is changed by a% & also B is changed by b% then
Net % Change in Product = a + b + ab/100 (+ve or –ve)

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Percentage
Q. Find % Change of area of rectangle if length increases by 30% & breadth decreases
by 12%
Soln :
Net % Change in Number = a + b + ab/100 (+ve or –ve)

% Change of Area = +30 – 12 + (30 x -12)/100

= 18 – 3.6 = + 14.4%

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Percentage
Q. If the radius of a circle is decreased by 50%, find the percentage decrease in its area.
• A. 55% B. 65% C. 75% D. 85%
• Soln:
• Area of a circle = πr2 where r is the radius
=> Area is directly proportional to r2
• Assume the old radius is = r1=100
• A1 = π × 1002 = 10000π
Assume the new radius is = r2=50
A2 = π × 502 = 2500π
Decrease in area = 10000π - 2500π = 7500π
Percentage decrease in area = 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑜𝑙𝑑
x100 = 7500π
10000π
x 100 = 75%
• Ans : C

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Percentage
• Expenditure = Price x Consumption
1
• P ∝ Consumption
• So, for expenditure to remain constant, when one quantity increases the other quantity should
decrease proportionally.
• Eg: If the price of a commodity is decreased by 20% and its consumption is increased by 20%, what
will be the increase or decrease in expenditure on the commodity?
• Soln:
Net % Change = a + b + ab/100 (+ve or –ve)
% Change = -20 + 20 + (-20 x 20)/100
= 0 -4 = -4%
OR
100 === 20%↓(Decrease in Price) ===> 80 === 20%↑(Increase in Consumption) ===> 96.
Thus, there is a decrement of 4%

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Percentage
Q. Two numbers are respectively 40% and 60% more than a third number. The
ratio of the two numbers is:
A. 7:8 B. 3 : 5 C. 4 : 5 D. 6 : 7
Soln:-
• Let the third number be x.
40 100x+40x 140x
• First number = 40% more than x = x + 40%of x = x + x = 100 = 100
100
60 100x+60x 160x
• Second number = 60% more than x = x + 60%of x = x + 100
x = 100 = 100
7x
first number 5 7
• Ratio = = 8x = =7:8
second number 8
5
Ans: A

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Percentage(Assignment)
Q. If the price of sugar increases by 25%, by what percent will a housewife
have to reduce her consumption to leave total expenditure on sugar
unchanged?
A. 25% B. 35% C. 20% D. 15%
Ans: C
25% increases => 125

so 125-20% => 100 ANS

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Percentage(Assignment)
Q. 1.14 expressed as a per cent of 1.9 is:
A. 6% B. 10% C. 60% D. 90%
Ans: C

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Percentage(Assignment)
Q. A number x is increased by 20% then the number is increased by 10%
and again by 50%. Find the net % change.
A. 77% B. 75% C. 88% D. 98% E. 99%
Ans : D
let x be 100
so 20% => 120
10% => 120 + 12 => 132
50% => 132 + 66 => 198

so the net % change is 198-100 =>98%

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Percentage(Assignment)
Q. If the altitude of a triangle increases by 5% and the base of the
triangle increases by 7%, by what percent will the area of the triangle
increase?
A. 12.25% B. 12.35% C. 6.00% D. 5.25%

Ans B area changes = a+b+ab/100

= 5+7+35/100
= 12.35

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Percentage(Assignment)
Q. The length and breadth of a room are increased by 25% and 40%
respectively. While the height is decreased by 20%.Find % change.
A. 16% B. 40% C. 60% D. 30%
Area = L*B*h
Ans B New L = L*125% => L*1.25
New B = B*140% => B*1.4
New H = H*80% => H*0.8

New area = L * 1.25 * B * 1.4 * C * 0.8

New area = Area * 1.25*1.4*0.8
New area = area * 1.4 = area * 140%

so the % change is 40%

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Percentage(Assignment)
Q. If the length of a rectangle is increased by 37.5% and its breadth is
decreased by 20%, find the change in its area.
A. 15% increase B. 13% decrease C. 10% increase D. 10% decrease
Ans: C
Area of rectangle = length * breadth
Length is Increased by 37.5% = 37(1/2)* 1/100 = 3/8
Breath is decreased by 20% = 1/5
l * b = Area
Old: 8 * 5 = 40
New: 11 * 4 = 44
Difference = 44-40 = 4
Original = 40
The percentage change is equal to (difference / original) * 100.
(4/40) *100 = 10% increase.

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Profit & Loss
• Basics
Profit (Gain) = (S.P – C.P)
Loss =(C.P – S.P)
% gain = (Gain / C.P) x 100
% loss = (Loss / C.P) x 100

• Multipliers to find S.P

In Case of Profit : S.P. = C.P. x (100 +%gain)/100
In Case of Loss : S.P. = C.P. x (100 - %loss)/100
i.e For sale at 25% profit S.P. = 125 % of C.P.
For sale at 25% loss S.P. = 75% of C.P.

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Profit & Loss
Q. A man bought certain no of oranges at the rate of 5 for Rs 4 and sold them at the
rate of 4 for Rs 5. Find his overall profit/loss percentage?
A. 25.5% Pr B. 36.5% Pr C. 56.2% Pr D. 64.5% Pr
Soln
Cost Price Selling Price
Cost Price Selling Price
Oranges Rs Oranges Rs
Oranges Rs Oranges Rs 5  4 4  5
5  4 4  5 1 
4
1 
5
20  16 20  25 5 4
SP>CP, so profit SP>CP, so profit
P% = (SP –CP)/CP x 100 P% = (SP –CP)/CP x 100
5 4 9
= (25-16)/16 x 100 (4
− 5
) (20
)
= 4 x 100 = 4 x 100
= 225/4 = 56.20% 5 5

Ans: C
= 225/4 = 56.20%

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Profit & Loss
Q. A man bought a horse & carriage together for Rs 15600 & sold them together, the horse
at 36% profit & the carriage at 15% loss. If selling price of both is equal. Find the cost of the
carriage?
A.Rs.6000 B. Rs.7600 C. Rs.3600 D. Rs.9600
• Soln
• Let CP of horse be H & Carriage be C  H+C= 15600
• SP of both is equal
• So, comparing the CPs
• 136H/100 = 85C/100
• H = 5C/8
• 5C/8 + C = 15600
• 13C/8 = 15600
• C = 1200 x 8
• C = 9600
Ans: D
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Profit & Loss
Q. If selling price is doubled, the profit triples. Find the profit %.
2 1
A. 66 % B. 100% C. 105 % D. 120%
3 3
Soln:
Let, CP = C , SP=S
As they ask profit % , we know profit = SP – CP
As per given,
3(S-C) = 2S-C
3S -3C = 2S-C
S = 2C
But, Profit = S –C = 2C – C = C
profit C
Profit % = x 100 = x 100 = 100%
CP C
Ans : B
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Profit & Loss
Q. A shopkeeper sells his goods at 20% profit and to make an extra profit he gives
only 800 gm per kg. Find his profit %
A. 25% Pr B. 33.33% Pr C. 50% Pr D. 25% Ls
Soln
CP SP Profit
100 120 20
80 120 40
% Profit = 40/80 x 100
= 1/2 x 100
= 50%
Ans: C

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Alligation
Q. A person blends two varieties of tea , one cost Rs. 160/kg and other cost Rs. 200/kg
in the ratio 5 : 4. He sells the blended variety at Rs.192/kg. Find the profit %.
Soln :
cheaper price dearer price
x d−m
y
= m−c 160 200
5 200−𝑚
= m
4 m−160
5m -800 = 800 -4m
5 4
9m = 1600
1600
m= 9
SP=Rs.192(given) , CP =mean price
SP−CP
Profit% = x 100
CP
1600
192 −
9 1728 − 1600 128
= 1600 = = = 8%
1600 16
9

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Profit & Loss(Assignment)
Q. A bookseller sells 84 books at the cost of 72 books. Find his profit or loss%
A. 14.28% B. 28.24% C. 20.4% D. 12.86%
Ans : A

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Profit & Loss(Assignment)
Q. A vendor bought 6 oranges for Re 10 and sold them at 4 for Re 6. Find his loss
or gain percent.
A. 8% gain B. 10% gain C. 8% loss D. 10% loss
Ans: D
Cost oranges = 6 @10
Sold oranges = 4 @ 6

lets make oranges same So,

Cost oranges = 24 @40

Sold oranges = 24 @36

so loss = 40 - 36 = 4
% loss = 4/40 * 100 = 10% loss

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Profit & Loss(Assignment)
Q. A shopkeeper sells his goods at 10% loss but uses a weight of 750gms
instead of 1kg. Find profit %
A. 20% Pr B. 14.28% Pr C. 30% Pr D. 25% Ls
Ans: A

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Profit & Loss(Assignment)
Q. A fruit seller buys oranges at 4 for Rs. 3 and sells them at 3 for Rs. 4. Find its
profit percent.
A. 43.75% Pr B. 77.7% Pr C. 75% Pr D. 65.7% Ls
Ans: B
Cost oranges = 4 @3
Sold oranges = 3 @4

Cost oranges = 12 @9
Sold oranges = 12 @16

So, Profit = 16-9 = 7

% profit =7/9*100 = 77.77% (11 table from fraction to percentage)

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THANK
YOU!

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