Fundamentals of C Programming (23CS003)

Experiment No. 23

Aim: Write a program to find the factorial of a number by using the concept of recursion.

Program Used: GDB Compiler

Solution:
Implementation:
#include <stdio.h>

int factorial(int n) {
if (n == 0)
return 1;
else
return n * factorial(n - 1);
}
int main() {
int number;
printf("Enter a Positive Integer = ");
scanf("%d", &number);
if (number < 0) {
printf("Factorial is not defined for negative numbers.\n");
} else {
int result = factorial(number);
printf("Factorial of %d is %d\n", number, result);
}
return 0;
}

Output:

2310990394
 Fundamentals of C Programming (23CS003)

Experiment No. 24

Aim: Write a menu driven C program to show the use of in-built string functions like strlen, strcat, strcpy,
strcmp, strrev etc.

Program Used: GDB Compiler

Solution:
Implementation:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {
int choice;
char str1[100], str2[100], temp[100];

do {
printf("\nMenu:\n");
printf("1. Find length of a string\n");
printf("2. Concatenate two strings\n");
printf("3. Copy a string\n");
printf("4. Compare two strings\n");
printf("5. Reverse a string\n");
printf("6. Exit\n");
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);

switch (choice) {
case 1:
printf("Enter a string: ");
scanf("%s", str1);
printf("Length of the string: %lu\n", strlen(str1));
break;
case 2:
printf("Enter the first string: ");
scanf("%s", str1);
printf("Enter the second string: ");
2310990394
 Fundamentals of C Programming (23CS003)
scanf("%s", str2);
strcat(str1, str2);
printf("Concatenated string: %s\n", str1);
break;
case 3:
printf("Enter a string: ");
scanf("%s", str1);
strcpy(temp, str1);
printf("Copied string: %s\n", temp);
break;
case 4:
printf("Enter the first string: ");
scanf("%s", str1);
printf("Enter the second string: ");
scanf("%s", str2);
if (strcmp(str1, str2) == 0)
printf("Strings are equal.\n");
else
printf("Strings are not equal.\n");
break;
case 5:
printf("Enter a string: ");
scanf("%s", str1);
strcpy(temp, str1);
strrev(temp);
printf("Reversed string: %s\n", temp);
break;
case 6:
printf("Exiting program.\n");
break;
default:
printf("Invalid choice! Please enter a valid option.\n");
}
} while (choice != 6);

return 0;
}

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 Fundamentals of C Programming (23CS003)

Output:

2310990394
 Fundamentals of C Programming (23CS003)

Experiment No. 25

Aim: Write a Program in C to display the total number of appearances of a substring provided as input by
the user in a given string.

Program Used: GDB Compiler

Solution:
Implementation:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

char str[100], sub[100];

int count = 0, count1 = 0;

void main()
{
int i, j, l, l1, l2;

printf("\nEnter a string : ");

scanf("%[^\n]s", str);

l1 = strlen(str);

printf("\nEnter a substring : ");

scanf(" %[^\n]s", sub);

l2 = strlen(sub);

for (i = 0; i < l1;)

{
j = 0;
count = 0;
while ((str[i] == sub[j]))
{
count++;
i++;
j++;

2310990394
 Fundamentals of C Programming (23CS003)
}
if (count == l2)
{
count1++;
count = 0;
}
else
i++;
}
printf("%s occurs %d times in %s", sub, count1, str);
}

Output:

2310990394
 Fundamentals of C Programming (23CS003)

Experiment No. 26

Aim: Write a program to display the sum of the digits of a number by using the concept of recursion.
Program Used: GDB Compiler
Solution:
Implementation:

#include <stdio.h>
int sumOfDigits(int num) {
if (num < 10)
return num;
else
return num % 10 + sumOfDigits(num / 10);
}

int main() {
int number;
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &number);
int sum = sumOfDigits(number);
printf("Sum of digits of %d = %d\n", number, sum);

return 0;
}

Output:

2310990394
 Fundamentals of C Programming (23CS003)

Experiment No. 27

Aim: Write a C program to add two distances in inch & feet using the concept of structures.
Program Used: GDB Compiler
Solution:
Implementation:

#include <stdio.h>
struct Distance {
int feet;
int inches;
};
struct Distance addDistances(struct Distance d1, struct Distance d2) {
struct Distance result;
result.feet = d1.feet + d2.feet;
result.inches = d1.inches + d2.inches;
if (result.inches >= 12) {
result.feet += result.inches / 12;
result.inches %= 12;
}
return result;
}
int main() {
struct Distance distance1, distance2, sum;
printf("Enter first distance =\n");
printf("Feet = ");
scanf("%d", &distance1.feet);

2310990394
 Fundamentals of C Programming (23CS003)
printf("Inches = ");
scanf("%d", &distance1.inches);
printf("Enter second distance =\n");
printf("Feet = ");
scanf("%d", &distance2.feet);
printf("Inches = ");
scanf("%d", &distance2.inches);
sum = addDistances(distance1, distance2);
printf("Sum of distances: %d feet %d inches\n", sum.feet,
sum.inches); return 0;
}

Output:

2310990394
 Fundamentals of C Programming (23CS003)

Experiment No. 28

Aim: Write a C program to add two complex numbers using the concept of structures in C.
Program Used: GDB Compiler
Solution:
Implementation:

#include <stdio.h>
struct Complex {
float real;
float imag;
};
struct Complex addComplex(struct Complex num1, struct Complex num2) {
struct Complex result;
result.real = num1.real + num2.real;
result.imag = num1.imag + num2.imag;
return result;
}

int main() {
struct Complex num1, num2, sum;
printf("Enter real and imaginary parts of first complex number:\
n"); printf("Real part: ");
scanf("%f", &num1.real);
printf("Imaginary part: ");
scanf("%f", &num1.imag);

printf("Enter real and imaginary parts of second complex number:\

n"); printf("Real part: ");
scanf("%f", &num2.real);
printf("Imaginary part: ");
scanf("%f", &num2.imag);
sum = addComplex(num1, num2);
printf("Sum = %.2f + %.2fi\n", sum.real, sum.imag);

return 0;
}

2310990394
 Fundamentals of C Programming (23CS003)
Output:

2310990394
 Fundamentals of C Programming (23CS003)

Experiment No. 29
Aim: Write a program in C to store the information of five employees using both concepts i.e. array of
structure and array within structure.
Program Used: GDB Compiler
Solution: a) Array of Structure
Implementation:

#include <stdio.h>

struct Employee {
char name[50];
int id;
float salary;
};

int main() {
struct Employee employees[5];
printf("Enter information for 5 employees:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
printf("Employee %d:\n", i + 1);
printf("Name: ");
scanf("%s", employees[i].name);

printf("ID: ");
scanf("%d", &employees[i].id);

printf("Salary: ");

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 Fundamentals of C Programming (23CS003)
scanf("%f", &employees[i].salary);
}
printf("\nInformation of all employees:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
printf("Employee %d:\n", i + 1);
printf("Name: %s\n", employees[i].name);
printf("ID: %d\n", employees[i].id);
printf("Salary: %.2f\n", employees[i].salary);
printf("\n");
}

return 0;
}

2310990394
 Fundamentals of C Programming (23CS003)
Output:

2310990394
 Fundamentals of C Programming (23CS003)
Solution: b) Array withing Structure
Implementation:
#include <stdio.h>
struct Employee {
int empId;
char name[50];
float salary;
};

int main() {
struct Employee employees[5];
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printf("Enter details for employee %d:\n", i + 1);
printf("Employee ID: ");
scanf("%d", &employees[i].empId);
printf("Name: ");
scanf("%s", employees[i].name);
printf("Salary: ");
scanf("%f", &employees[i].salary);
}
printf("\nEmployee Information:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printf("Employee %d\n", i + 1);
printf("ID: %d\n", employees[i].empId);
printf("Name: %s\n", employees[i].name);
printf("Salary: %.2f\n", employees[i].salary);

2310990394
 Fundamentals of C Programming (23CS003)
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
Output:

2310990394
 Fundamentals of C Programming (23CS003)

Experiment No. 30

Aim: Write a Program in C to store and retrieve the information about students of a university by using the
concept of file handling.
Program Used: GDB Compiler
Solution:
Implementation:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

struct Student {
char name[50];
int roll_number;
int age;
double total_marks;
};

void storeStudentInfo(struct Student student) {

FILE *fptr;
fptr = fopen("student_info.txt", "a");
if (fptr == NULL) {
printf("File does not exist\n");
return;
}
fprintf(fptr, "Name = %s\n", student.name);
fprintf(fptr, "Roll Number = %d\n",
student.roll_number); fprintf(fptr, "Age = %d\n",
student.age);
fprintf(fptr, "Total Marks = %.2f\n\n",
student.total_marks); fclose(fptr);
}

void retrieveStudentInfo() {
FILE *fptr;
char str[100];
fptr = fopen("student_info.txt", "r");
if (fptr == NULL) {
2310990394
 Fundamentals of C Programming (23CS003)
printf("File does not exist\n");
return;
}
while (fgets(str, sizeof(str), fptr)!= NULL)
{ printf("%s", str);
}
fclose(fptr);
}

int main() {
int n;
printf("Enter the number of students: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
struct Student student[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("Enter the name of student %d: ", i + 1);
scanf("%s", student[i].name);
printf("Enter the roll number of student %d: ", i + 1);
scanf("%d", &student[i].roll_number);
printf("Enter the age of student %d: ", i + 1);
scanf("%d", &student[i].age);
printf("Enter the total marks of student %d: ", i + 1);
scanf("%lf", &student[i].total_marks);
storeStudentInfo(student[i]);
}
printf("Student information stored successfully!\n");
printf("Retrieving student information...\n");
retrieveStudentInfo();
return 0;
}

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 Fundamentals of C Programming (23CS003)
Output:

2310990394
 Fundamentals of C Programming (23CS003)

Experiment No. 31

Aim: Write a Program in C to find and replace a specific string in a file and also display the total number of
appearances of that string.

Program Used: GDB Compiler

Solution:
Implementation:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX_LINE_LENGTH 1024

#define MAX_FILE_NAME 256

void findAndReplace(char *fileName, char *strToFind, char *strToReplace)

{ FILE *fptr, *fptrTemp;
char line[MAX_LINE_LENGTH];
char tempFileName[] = "temp.txt";
int count = 0;

fptr = fopen(fileName, "r");

fptrTemp = fopen(tempFileName, "w");
if (fptr == NULL || fptrTemp == NULL)
{ printf("File does not exist\n");
return;
}

while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), fptr) != NULL) {

char *pos = strstr(line, strToFind);
while (pos != NULL) {
count++;
pos = strstr(pos + 1, strToFind);
}
fprintf(fptrTemp, "%s", strstr(line, strToFind) == NULL ? line : strtok(strcat(strtok(line,
strToFind), strToReplace), strToFind));
}

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 Fundamentals of C Programming (23CS003)

fclose(fptr);
fclose(fptrTemp);

remove(fileName);
rename(tempFileName, fileName);

printf("Total appearances of '%s': %d\n", strToFind, count);

}

int main() {
char fileName[MAX_FILE_NAME];
char strToFind[256];
char strToReplace[256];

printf("Enter the file name: ");

scanf("%s", fileName);
printf("Enter the string to find: ");
scanf("%s", strToFind);
printf("Enter the string to replace: ");
scanf("%s", strToReplace);

findAndReplace(fileName, strToFind, strToReplace);

return 0;
}

Output:

2310990394