Assgnmnt 12 - Summated Scale

SUMMATED RATING SCALE
It is a type of assessment instrument comprising a series of statements measuring the same

construct or variable to which respondents indicate their degree of agreement or
disagreement. The number of response options for each item varies, often from 5 to 7
points (e.g., from strongly agree to strongly disagree). The response values for individual
items may be summed to obtain a total or average score that reflects a person’s general
attitude toward the construct of interest. A Likert scale is the most commonly used summated
rating scale. Also called summated rating method; summated scale.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SUMMATED SCALE
There are following characteristics of a summated rating scale.
First, the scale must contain two or more items.
Second, the format of each item must be a rating scale.
Third, the scale must be designed to assess an underlying construct that is quantifiable.
A type of psychometric response scale in which responders specify their level of agreement
to a statement typically in five points:
(1) Strongly disagree;
(2) Disagree;
(3) Neither agree nor disagree;
(4) Agree;
(5) Strongly agree.
USE OF SUMMATED SCALE
1. Likert scale is an ordered scale from which respondents choose one option that best
aligns with their view. It is often used-
2. to measure respondents' attitudes by asking the extent to which they agree or disagree
with a particular question or statement.
3. The Likert scale is commonly used in public health evaluation. For example, they can
be used when evaluating a partnership, conducting a needs assessment about which
policies are most pressing in a community, or assessing the public’s knowledge and
awareness of a public health campaign.
4. Likert scale is a valuable and important part of survey research, which is commonly
used in public health evaluation.
5. A Likert scale is an ordered scale from which respondents choose one option that best
aligns with their view. It is often used to measure respondents' attitudes by asking the
extent to which they agree or disagree with a particular question or statement.
6. A typical scale might be “Strongly disagree, Disagree, Neutral, Agree, Strongly
agree.” Likert scales may meet your needs when you have attitude, belief, or behavior
items. For example, you would not use a Likert scale to assess attributes, such as age,
race, and income, but you may use a Likert scale to assess someone’s attitude about a
particular topic
Likert‐type scales have features that are similar to the traditional Likert scale. For example, a
Likert‐type scale does have an ordered continuum of response categories and a balanced
number of positive and negative options. One difference is that Likert ‐type scales may have
labels for each response option or only the end, anchor categories. In a traditional Likert
scale, a label is assigned to each response option. A second difference is that Likert ‐type
scales do not use the traditional Strongly disagree disagree–Strongly Strongly agree response
response continuum continuum. They use other ordered ordered continuum continuum
response response categories, such as: • Never, Sometimes, Often, Always, for assessing a
frequency • Mild, Moderate, Severe, for assessing intensity • Not at all, Only a little, Some, A
lot, for assessing quantity A Likert‐type also may or may not use a declarative statement. On
the next slide there are three examples to illustrate these differences.
Analysis of data from a Likert scale;
 The response categories in Likert scales have a rank order, but the intervals between
values cannot be presumed equal.
 Therefore, the mean (and standard deviation) are inappropriate for ordinal data
(Jamieson, 2004)
 Statistics you can use are:
 Summarize using a median or a mode (not a mean as it is ordinal scale data ); the
mode is probably the most suitable for easy interpretation.
 Display the distribution of observations in a bar chart (it can’t be a histogram, because
the data is not continuous).
Critical Evaluation
Strengths
 Likert Scales have the advantage that they do not expect a simple yes / no answer
from the respondent, but rather allow for degrees of opinion, and even no opinion at
all.
 Therefore quantitative data is obtained, which means that the data can be analyzed
with relative ease.
 Offering anonymity on self-administered questionnaires should further reduce social
pressure, and thus may likewise reduce social desirability bias.
 Paulhus (1984) found that more desirable personality characteristics were reported
when people were asked to write their names, addresses and telephone numbers on
their questionnaire than when they told not to put identifying information on the
questionnaire.
Limitations
 However, like all surveys, the validity of the Likert scale attitude measurement can be
compromised due to social desirability.
 This means that individuals may lie to put themselves in a positive light. For
example, if a Likert scale was measuring discrimination, who would admit to being
racist?
References
 Bowling, A. (1997). Research Methods in Health. Buckingham: Open University Press.

 Burns, N., & Grove, S. K. (1997). The Practice of Nursing Research Conduct,
Critique, & Utilization. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders and Co.
 Jamieson, S. (2004). Likert scales: how to (ab) use them. Medical Education, 38(12),
1217-1218.
 Likert, R. (1932). A Technique for the Measurement of Attitudes. Archives of
Psychology, 140, 1–55.
 Paulhus, D. L. (1984). Two-component models of socially desirable
responding. Journal of personality and social psychology, 46(3), 598.
KING GEORGE’S MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
K.G.M.U COLLEGE OF NURSING
SUBJECT-NURSING
EDUCATION TOPIC-
SUMMATIVE SCALE
SUBMITTED TO- SUBMITTED BY-

Mr. Migron Rubin Malay Rai
Clinical Instructor M.Sc. Nursing 1st Yr.
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SUMMATED RATING SCALE

It is a type of assessment instrument comprising a series of statements measuring the same

CHARACTERISTICS OF SUMMATED SCALE

There are following characteristics of a summated rating scale.

First, the scale must contain two or more items.

Second, the format of each item must be a rating scale.

(1) Strongly disagree;

(3) Neither agree nor disagree;

(5) Strongly agree.

USE OF SUMMATED SCALE

 Bowling, A. (1997). Research Methods in Health. Buckingham: Open University Press.

SUBMITTED TO- SUBMITTED BY-

Clinical Instructor M.Sc. Nursing 1st Yr.

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