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QUALITY CONTROL
The meaning of “Quality” is closely allied to cost and customer needs. “Quality” may simply be defined as fitness for purpose at lowest cost.The component is said to possess good quality, if it works well in the equipment for which it is meant. Quality is thus defined as fitness for purpose. Quality is the ‘totality of features and characteristics’ both for the products and services that can satisfy both the explicit and implicit needs of the customers.
“Quality” of any product is regarded as the degree to which it fulfills the requirements of the customer. “Quality” means degree of perfection. Quality is not absolute but it can only be judged or realized by comparing with standards. It can be determined by some characteristics namely, design, size, material, chemical composition, mechanical functioning, workmanship, finish and other properties.
MEANING OF CONTROL Control is a system for measuring and checking (inspecting) a phenomenon. It suggests when to inspect, how often to inspect and how much to inspect. In addition, it incorporates a feedback mechanism which explores the causes of poor quality and takes corrective action.
Control differs from ‘inspection’, as it ascertains quality characteristics of an item, compares the same with prescribed quality standards and separates defective items from non-defective ones. Inspection, however, does not involve any mechanism to take corrective action.
Quality Control is a systematic control of various factors that affect the quality of the product. The various factors include material, tools, machines, type of labour, working conditions, measuring instruments, etc. Quality Control can be defined as the entire collection of activities which ensures that the operation will produce the optimum Quality products at minimum cost. As per A.Y.Feigorbaum Total Quality Control is: “An effective system for integrating the quality development, Quality maintenance and Quality improvement efforts of the various groups in an organization, so as to enable production and services at the most economical levels which allow full customer satisfaction”In the words of Alford and Beatly, “Quality Control” may be broadly defined as that “Industrial management technique means of which products of uniform accepted quality are manufactured.” Quality Control is concerned with making things right rather than discovering and rejecting those made wrong. In short, we can say that quality control is a technique of management for achieving required standards of products.
FACTORS AFFECTING QUALITY
In addition to men, materials, machines and manufacturing conditions there are some other factors which affect the product quality. These are: Market Research i.e. in depth into demands of purchaser. Money i.e. capability to invest. Management i.e. Management policies for quality level. Production methods and product design. Modern quality control begins with an evaluation of the customer’s requirements and has a part to play at every stage from goods manufactured right through sales to a customer, who remains satisfied.
OBJECTIVES OF QUALITY CONTROL
To decide about the standard of quality of a product that is easily acceptableto the customer and at the same time this standard should be economical to maintain. To take different measures to improve the standard of quality ofproduct. To take various steps to solve any kind of deviations in the quality of the product during manufacturing.
FUNCTIONS OF QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT
Only the products of uniform and standard quality are allowed to be sold. To suggest method and waysto prevent the manufacturing difficulties. To reject the defective goods so that the products of poor quality may not reach to the customers. To find out the points where the control is breaking down and to investigatethe causes of it. To correct the rejected goods, if it is possible. This procedure is known as rehabilitation of defective goods.
ADVANTAGES OF QUALITY CONTROL
Quality of product is improved which in turn increases sales. Scrap rejection and rework are minimized thus reducing wastage.So the cost of manufacturing reduces. Good quality product improves reputation. Inspection cost reduces to a great extent. Uniformity in quality can be achieved. Improvement in manufacturer and consumer relations
