500 AP Physics 1 Questions To Know by Test Day Pdfdrive

AP Physics 1 Questions to know 4 test CEN Oey Greet Anaxos, Inc.5 STEPS TOA 200 AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day Second Edition Anaxos, Inc. Dred Graw atl] emer New York Chicago San Francisco Athens London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi Singapore Sydney TorontoCopyright © 2016, 2012 by McGraw-Hill Education, All rights reserved. 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This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwiseCONTENTS About the Author v Introduction vii Chapter 1 Kinematics 1 Questions 1-50 Chapter 2 Dynamics: Newton’s Laws 15 Questions 51-100 Chapter 3 Circular Motion and the Universal Law of Gravitation 29 Questions 101-150 Chapter 4 Simple Harmonic Motion 43 Questions 151-201 Chapter 5 Impulse, Linear Momentum, Conservation of Linear Momentum, and Collisions 55 Questions 202-252 Chapter 6 Work, Energy, and Conservation of Energy 67 Questions 253-302 Chapter 7 Rotational Motion 79 Questions 303-352 Chapter 8 Electrostatics: Electric Charge and Electric Force 93 Questions 353-402 Chapter 9 DC Circuits (Resistors Only) 105 Questions 403-450 Chapter 10 Mechanical Waves and Sound 119 Questions 451-500 Answers 131This page intentionally left blankABOUT THE AUTHOR For more than fifteen years, Anaxos, Inc., has been creating educational and reference materials for some of the nation’s most respected publishers. Based in Austin, Texas, the company uses writers from across the globe and who offer expertise on an array of subjects just as expansive.This page intentionally left blankINTRODUCTION Congratulations! You've taken a big step toward AP success by purchasing 500 AP Questions to Know by Test Day. We are here to help you take the next step and score high on your AP exam so you can earn college credits and get into the college or university of your choice! This book gives you 500 AP-style multiple-choice questions that cover all the most essential course material. Each question has a detailed answer explanation. These questions will give you valuable independent practice to supplement your regular textbook and the groundwork you are already doing in your AP classroom. Furthermore, this new edition incorporates both document-based questions and short-response components to help with the updated components of the exam while maintaining the content questions to make this book useful in preparing for other survey course exams. This and the other books in this series were written by expert AP teachers who know your exam inside out and can identify the crucial exam information as well as questions that are most likely to appear on the exam. You might be the kind of student who takes several AP courses and needs to study extra questions a few weeks before the exam for a final review. Or you might be the kind of student who puts off preparing until the last weeks before the exam. No matter what your preparation style, you will surely benefit from reviewing these 500 questions, which closely parallel the content, format, and degree of difficulty of the questions on the actual AP exam. These questions and their answer explanations are the ideal last-minute study tool for those final few weeks before the test. Remember the old saying “Practice makes perfect.” If you practice with all the questions and answers in this book, we are certain you will build the skills and confidence needed to do great on the exam. Good luck! —Editors of McGraw-Hill Education © viiThis page intentionally left blankKinematics 1. A 10-g penny is dropped from a building that is 125 m high. The penny is initially at rest. Approximately how long does it take the penny to hit the ground? (A) 3.25 (B) 4.55 (© 10s (D) 15s (E) 20s 2. A car in a drag race started from rest and accelerated constantly to a velocity of 50 m/s when it reached the end of a 500-m road. What was the car's rate of acceleration? (A) -5.0 m/s? (B) -2.5 m/s? (©) 0.5 mis? (D) 2.5 m/s? (BE) 5.0 m/s?2) 500 AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day Questions 3-6 refer to the motion of the cat represented in the following graph: Velocity (m/s) & x 8 oo 8 & é 3. Car’s Velocity vs. Time oO 2 4 6 8 10 Time (seconds) Which of the following best describes the motion of the car in regions C, D, and E of the velocity versus time graph? (A)_ Icis slowing down until in reverses direction and speeds back up again. (B) It moves at a constant velocity in the negative direction. (©) Itaccelerates at a constant, nonzero acceleration except at point C when its acceleration is zero. (D) Its position changes at a constant rate. (E)_ Ie moves at a constant, positive acceleration throughout the trip. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the car in region A? (A) 0 m/s? (B) 3 m/s? (© Sms? (D) 10 mis? (E) 30 mis? What is the acceleration rate of the car at the 6-second clock reading? (A) 0 m/s? (B) -15 m/s? (©) -30 m/s? (D) +30 m/s? (BE) -60 m/s? Rank the average velocities of the car in regions A, B, C, and E. (A) A>B>C=E (B) B=A>C (© B>A=C=E (D) B>A=C>E (E) A>B>C=EKinematics « 3 7. An airplane is flying horizontally at a velocity of 50.0 m/s at an altitude x(m) of 125 m. It drops a package to observers on the ground below. Approximately how far will the package travel in the horizontal direction from the point that it was dropped? (A) 100m (B) 159m (C) 250m (D) 1,020 m (E) 1,590 m A placekicker kicks a football at a velocity of 10.0 m/s from a tee on the ground at an angle of 30° from the horizontal. Approximately how long will the ball stay in the air? (A) 0.0s (B) 0.65 (©) 08s (D) 1.0s (BE) 18s This graph depicts the motion of an object. During which time interval is the object at rest? 1 + + 6 = 8 10 tis) (A) 0-25 (B) 2-3s (C) 34s (D) 47s (E) 7-10s4 > 500 AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day 10. i 12. 13. 14, A cat is traveling at an unknown velocity. It accelerates constantly over 5.0 seconds at a rate of 3.0 m/s? to reach a velocity of 30 m/s. What was the original velocity of the car? (A) 1.0 m/s (B) 5.0 mis (©) 10 mis (D) 15 mis (E) 20 mis A plane takes off from rest and accelerates constantly at a rate of 1.0 m/s? for 5 minutes. How far does the plane travel in this time? (A) 15 km (B) 30km (©) 45 km (D) 90 km (E) 150 km A person drops a stone down a well and hears the echo 8.9 s later. If it takes 0.9 s for the echo to travel up the well, approximately how deep is the well? (A) 40m (B) 320m (©) 405m (D) 640m (E) 810m If a ball is thrown straight upward with an initial velocity of 30.0 m/s, how much time does it take to reach its maximum height? (A) 10s (B) 14s (© 15s (D) 3.0s (E) 98s On an airless planet, an astronaut drops a hammer from rest at a height of 15 m. The hammer hits the ground in 1 s. What is the acceleration due to the gravity on this planet? (A) 10 m/s? (B) 15 m/s? (© 20 mis? (D) 25 m/s? (E) 30 mis?Kinematics «€ 5 15. A car uniformly accelerates from rest at 3.0 m/s? down a 150-m track. What is the car’s final velocity? (A) 30 m/s (B) 90 mis (©) 150 m/s (D) 450 mis (E) 900 mis 16. An object’s position with time is depicted in the following graph. Based on the graph, at which time points will the object's velocity be closest to zero? 3.60 3.00 Sateen 2.60 aay Sse 1.50 x (m) 1.00 0.50 0.00 t(s) (A) Osand2s (B) Osand4s (C) Isand2s (D) Isand3s (BE) 2sand4s 17. Accannonball is launched at an angle and travels above the flat ground. At what time point does a projectile reach its maximum height? (A) One-fifth of the toral time in the air (B) One-fourth of the total time in the air (C) One-half of the total time in the air (D) Three-fifths of the total time in the air (E) Three-fourths of the total time in the air6 > 500 AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day 18. 19. 20. A boy drops a stone from a cliff and counts the seconds until the stone hits the base. He counts 3 s. About how high is the cliff? (A) 3m (B) 10m (© 15m (D) 45m (©) 90m A boy is riding a bicycle at a velocity of 5.0 m/s. He applies the brakes and uniformly decelerates to a stop at a rate of 2.5 m/s®, How long does it take for the bicycle to stop? (A) 0.58 (B) 10s (© 15s (D) 2.0s (E) 2.58 A police officer finds 60 m of skid marks at the scene of a car crash. Assuming a uniform deceleration of 7.5 m/s? to a stop, what was the velocity of the car when it started skidding? (A) 20 mis (B) 30 mis (© 45 mls (D) 60 mis (E) 90 misKinematics «€ 7 21. The velocity-time graph of an object’s motion is shown in this graph. At 10 s, what is the object’s displacement relative to the initial time? 25 2 15 1 8 Velocity (m/s) 2 5 -2 SEES 25 Time (s) (A) 3m (B) 6m (C) 9m (D) -6 m (E) 3m 22. A projectile is launched with an unknown velocity at an angle of 30° from the horizontal of level ground. Which of the following statements is true? (A) The horizontal component of velocity is less than the vertical component of velocity. (B) The horizontal component of velocity is greater than the vertical component of velocity. (C) Both the horizontal and vertical components of velocity are equal. (D) The horizontal component of velocity is used to calculate the time that the projectile is in the air. (E) The vertical component of velocity is used to calculate the range of the projectile. 23. From rest, a ball is dropped from the top of a building. It takes 4 s to hit the ground, Approximately how tall is the building? (A) 40 m (B) 90m (C) 100m (D) 160m (E) 200m8 > 500 AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day 24, The position-time graphs of five different objects are shown in these graphs. If the positive direction is forward, then which object is moving backward at a constant velocity? @) ®) t t x x (©) © | 4 (A) Object A (B) Object B (©) Object C (D) Object D (E) Object E 25. A student launches projectiles with the same velocity but at different angles (0-902) relative to the ground. He measures the range of each projectile. Which angle pairs have the same range? (A) 10° and 20° (B) 30° and 45° (C) 30° and 60° (D) 45° and 60° (E) 10° and 90°26. 27. 28. Kinematics « 9 An object free-falls from rest a distance D. How far will the object fall from rest in twice the elapsed time? (A) D (B) ¥2D (Ge) 2D) (D) 3D (E) 4D A car is traveling at 30 m/s. The driver applies the brakes, and the car uniformly decelerates at 9 m/s?. How far does the car travel before coming to a complete stop? (A) 2m (B) 50m (C) 100m (D) 200 m (E) 450m ‘The position-time graph shown here is typical of which type of motion? x 29. (A) Motion with a constant positive velocity (B) Motion with zero velocity (©) Motion with a constant positive acceleration (D) Motion with zero acceleration (E) Motion with a constant negative acceleration Ifyou drop a ball from a 100-m-tall building, approximately how far will the ball fall in 2 s? (A) 10m (B) 20m (© 40m (D) 50m (E) 100m10 > SOO AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day 30. An ice skater moving at 10 m/s comes to a complete stop in 0.5 s. What is the rate of acceleration? (A) 5 m/s? (B) 10 m/s? (© 20 mis? (D) -20 m/s? (E) -10 mis? 31. The position—time graph shown here is typical of which type of motion? (A) Motion with a constant negative velocity (B) Motion with zero velocity (©) Motion with a constant positive acceleration (D) Motion with zero acceleration (E) Motion with a constant negative acceleration Questions 32-35 refer to the motion of the car represented in the following graph: Car’s Position vs. Time 150 9284 -----p 100 75 60 : 25 i A Position (m) 0 9 5 32. Which of the following best describes the motion of the car in region D of the graph? (A) The car slows down. (B) The car is moving a constant speed in the negative direction. (©) The car is moving down an incline. (D) The car is speeding up in the negative direction. (E) The car moves from a position of 20 to a position of 25.Kinematics « 11 33. Which of the following best ranks the displacement of the car in each region? (A) A>B>C>D (B) A>C>B>D (C) D>A>C>B (D) A>C>D>B (E) D>C>B>A 34. Which of the following best ranks the average speed of the car in each region? (A) A>B>C>D ee nee ee (C) D>A>C>B (D) A>C>D>B (E) D>C>B>A 35. What is the velocity of the car in regions C and D, respectively? (A) +25 mis, -125 mis (B) 5 m/s, 25 m/s (©) 25 mis, 125 mis (D) 55,58 (E) 5 m/s, -25 mis Multi-select: For questions 36-38, two of the suggested answers will be correct. Select the two best answers, and record them both on the answer sheet. 36. Which of the following are moving at a constant velocity? (A) A tetherball moving in a circle at a constant speed (B) A rolling ball constantly accelerating at -0.20 m/s? (C)_A jogger continuing to run ata speed of 2 m/s along a straight path (D) A truck constantly gaining 2 miles per hour each second (E) A box steadily sliding down an incline at a speed of 0.5 m/s 37. Which of the following are moving with a constant, nonzero acceleration? (A) A skydiver gaining speed as she falls through the air (B) Ahammer falling near the surface of the moon (C) Abox sliding down an incline at a steady speed of 2 m/s. (D) A cart moving in a straight line gaining 3 m/s each second (E) A truck moving in a circle as it gains 3 m/s each second12 > SOO AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day 38. Which of the following are true about the motion of the carts in the graph below? Cart Velocity vs. Velocity (m/s) Time (seconds) (A) At the 7-second clock reading, Cart 1 was moving with the same speed as Cart 2. (B) Cart 1 moved at a constant speed in the negative direction. (©) Cart 1 moved in the negative direction over the entire 8-second trip. (D) At the 8-second clock reading, Cart 1 was moving faster than Cart 2. (E) At the 5-second clock reading, Cart 1 was at the origin of the coordinate system. 39. An object is free-falling near the surface of the Earth. Ata certain instant in time, it is falling downward at a rate 25 m/s. Two seconds later, what is its acceleration? (A) 0 mis? (B) 5 m/s? (© 10 mis? (D) 25 mis? (E) 45 m/s?40. 41. 42. 43. Kinematics «€ 13 ‘An object is free-falling near the surface of the Earth. Ata certain instant in time, it is falling downward at a rate 25 m/s. Two seconds later, what is its speed? (A) 0 m/s (B) 5 mis (©) 10 mis (D) 25 mis (BE) 45 mis A car accelerates at 2 mi/s/s. If the car starts with an initial speed of 20 m/s, how much time does it need to accelerate to a speed of 30 m/s? (A) 2s (B) 5s (© 10s (D) 20s (E) 30s An object at the 35-m position of a one-dimensional coordinate system is moving in the negative direction at a constant speed of 25 m/s. Which function below best represents how the car’s position (X) on the coordinate system changes with time (2)? (A) X=-25¢+35 (B) X=-35¢+ 25 (©) X= 107 - 35¢425 (D) X= 10? - 25¢435 (E) X=-107 +25¢- 35 At £= 0, an object is at a position of -12 meters of a one-dimensional coordinate system and is moving in the positive direction at 5 m/s. It constantly gains velocity at a rate of +2 m/s each and every second. Which function below best represents how the car’s position (X) on the coordinate system changes with time (#)? (A) X=5¢+-12 (B) X=2P +5¢-12 (C) X=P+5t-12 (D) X=-12? +5¢+2 (BE) X=27 +2r-1214 > 5SOOAP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day Free Response: An archer stands on a castle wall that is 45 m high. He shoots an arrow with a velocity of 10.0 m/s at an angle of 45° relative to the horizontal. 44, Describe the path of the arrow. 45. Determine the magnitude of the horizontal and vertical components of the arrow’s velocity. 46. Determine how much time it takes for the arrow to reach the ground. 47. Determine the maximum range of the arrow. Free Response: The acceleration versus time of a bicycle rider is shown here: 25 t(s) ‘Assuming that the bicycle starts from the origin at an initial velocity of +4 m/s, complete the following questions 48. Sketch a scaled velocity-time graph for the 5-s motion. 49. Describe the motion of the bicyclist in detail during the 5 seconds, commenting on what’s happening to the speed and the direction of motion throughout the trip. 50. Determine the total distance traveled during the 5 s of motion.Dynamics: Newton’s Laws 51. Which of Newton’s laws describes equilibrium? 52. (A). The first, which mathematically states that © F = 0. (B) ‘The second, which mathematically states that © F = ma. (C) The third, which mathematically states that F =F. (D) The fourth, which mathematically states that F = Gmym,/?. (E) The fifth, which mathematically states that da/d¢= v. A student claims that two spheres of different mass dropped from rest above the surface of the Moon will hit the ground at the same time. Which of the following is a correct assessment of this statement? (A) The more massive sphere will hit the surface first because it’s heavier. (B) Neither sphere will hie the surface because there is no gravity on the Moon and they will both float. (C) The less massive sphere will hit the surface first because its smaller profile will hit more air, which will slow down its motion. They will hit the ground at approximately the same time because the net force-to-mass ratio is the same for both. (E) Physicists have no models to predict which sphere will hit first. ) 53. A box slides to the right along a horizontal surface. Which is true about the friction force? (A) It acts perpendicular to the surface. (B)_Itisa force in the direction of motion that allows the box to move. (C) Iris force that is proportional to the normal force that acts in opposition to the direction of motion. (D) Itis a force that is proportional to the normal force and acts in the direction of motion. (E)_Itisa force that is proportional to the square of the box’s weight and acts in the direction of motion.16 > SOO AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day 54. A rope is strung between two cliffs. A mountain climber weighing 100 kg is halfway across the rope when the rope forms an angle of 45° with the horizontal. The tension in the rope is closest to what value? (Assume the gravitational field strength is 10 N/kg.) (A) 1,000N (B) 500N (C) 700N (D) 250N (E) 100N 55. Object A, when acted upon by a force F, accelerates at a rate of 4.0 mi/s/s. This same force accelerates Object B at a rate of 8.0 m/s/s. Compared to the mass of Object A, the mass of Object B is: (A) Four times as great (B) Twice as great (©) The same (D) One-half as great (BE) One-fourth as great 56. A 100-kg box is sitting on a 10° incline with a coefficient of friction of 0.5. ‘At what angle must the incline be raised to start sliding the box? (A) 30° (B) 33° (© 26° (D) 24° (E) 15° 57. A six-vertical-strand pulley is used to raise a load weighing 1,000 kg. What is the tension on the pulley cables? (A) 15,000 N (B) 1,000N (C) 1,600 N (D) 10,000 N (E) 170NDynamics: Newton's Laws € 17 58. An object is supported by a spring attached to the ceiling. What are the 59. 60. forces acting on the object? (A) The mass of the object in the downward direction and the supporting force of the spring in the upward direction (B) The mass of the object in the downward direction and the supporting force of the spring in the downward direction (C) The weight of the object in the upward direction and the supporting force of the spring in the downward direction, (D) The weight of the object in the downward direction and the supporting force of the spring in the upward direction (E) The weight of the object pulling on the Earth and the downward supporting force of the spring A box that is resting on an inclined plane has what forces acting on it? (A) The weight of the box, the box’s component forces perpendicular to and along the plane, and the friction force along the surface of the plane beneath the box (B) The weight of the box, the box’s component forces perpendicular to and along the plane, the resultant force of the plane on the box, and the friction force along the surface of the plane beneath the box (C) The weight of the box and the friction force along the surface of the plane beneath the box (D) The mass of the box and its acceleration along the plane (E) The weight of the box, the perpendicular force of the plane on the box, and the friction force along the surface of the plane beneath the box A large 2,000-N cement block is pulled constantly up a frictionless 43° incline using a dual-strand pulley that is attached to the block. One end of the rope is tied to the wall ar the top of the plane while a man is pulling the other end of the rope. What is the tension in the pull of the rope if the rope is pulled parallel to the plane? (A) 732N (B) 682N (©) 1,463 N (D) 1,364N (BE) 462N18 > 500 AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day 61. Two boys push a 5-kg box on a frictionless floor. James pushes the box with a 10-N force to the right. Louis pushes the box with an 8-N force to the left. What is the magnitude and direction of the box’s acceleration? (A)_ 0 m/s’; the box does not move (B) 0.4 m/s?to the right (©) 0.4 mis*to the left (D) 1.6 m/s*ro the right (B) 1.6 m/s*to the left 62. A box of unknown mass (m) slides down a plane inclined at an angle (©). The plane has a coefficient of friction (jt). Which of the following expressions would you use to calculate the rate of acceleration (a)? Fu eo (A) a= g(sin® — ig cos0)/m (B) a= ¢(cos0 — [1g sin®)/m (©) a= m(sind — Ug cos8)/g (D) a= gsin® — j1c0s0) (E) a= ¢(cos0 — sind) 63. You pull straight down on one side of a rope stretched across a pulley. Attached to the other side of the rope is a 10-kg box. How much force must you pull down on the rope to get the box to accelerate upward at a rate of 10 m/s?? (A) 10N (B) 20N (© 100N (D) 150N (E) 200NDynamics: Newton's Laws ¢ 19 64, A jet takes off at an angle of 60° to the horizontal. The jet flies against a wind that exerts a horizontal force of 1,000 N on it. The engines produce 20,000 N of thrust (60° to the horizontal), and the mass of the jet is 90,000 kg. What is the rate of the jet’s acceleration in the horizontal direction? (A) 0.1 mis? (B) 0.2 m/s? (©) 1.0 mis? (D) 5.0 mis? (BE) 10 mis? 65. Only two forces act on a 0.1-kg object. This graph depicts the magnitudes Force (N) and directions of those wo forces. What is the acceleration of the object at the 2-second clock reading? 15 1 05 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 410 05 4 15 t(s) —@- Force 1 —@- Force 2 (A) 0 m/s? (B) 0.2 m/s? (©) 1 mis? (D) 2 mis? (E) 4 m/s? 66. A boy pushes a 10-kg crate across the floor with a constant force of 10 N against a force of friction. The box accelerates at a rate of 0.1 m/s?. What is the magnitude of the opposing frictional force? (A) ON (B) 1N (C) 5N (D) 9N (E) 10N20 > 500AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day 67. A.10-kg crate is on a plane that is inclined at an angle of 45°. The coefficient of friction is 0.1, and the downward direction is positive. What is the approximate rate of the box’s acceleration? (A) 0 m/s? (B) 4.2 mis? (© 64 mis? (D) 8.7 mis? (E) 10 mis? 68. ‘Two masses are hanging vertically by a rope strung through a pulley. The mass on the left of the pulley is 5 kg, while the mass on the right is 10 kg. If the positive direction of the pulley is counterclockwise, what is the magnitude and direction of the acceleration? (A) 0 m/s? (B) -3.30 m/s? (©) 5.0 mis? (D) 3.3 m/s? (©) 5.0 mis? 69. The acceleration of a 5-kg object over time is shown in this graph. What is the net force at 1 s? 4 3 == 2 1 So -2 -3 44 5 ° 1 2 3 4 5 tls) (A) -10N (B) -5N (© -25N (D) 5N (E) 10NDynamics: Newton's Laws ¢ 21 70. A skier weighing 70 kg pushes off from the top of a ski slope with a 71. 72. x(m) force of 105 N directed down the slope. The slope is inclined at 30°. Assuming that the slope is frictionless, what is the initial rate of the skier’s acceleration during the push-off? (A) 0.5 mis? (B) 1 m/s? (C) 2 mis? (D) 7 mis? (E) 11 m/s? A soldier fires a musket with a barrel that is 1 m in length. The gases from the exploding gunpowder exert a constant net force of 50 N on a 0.010-kg bullet as it travels through the musket barrel. What is the bullet’s velocity as it leaves the musket barrel? (A) 10 m/s (B) 100 m/s (©) 1,000 mis (D) 10,000 m/s (E) 100,000 m/s An object’s position with time is depicted in this graph. At which time range will there be nearly no net force acting on the object? 3.50 900 al 2.50 2.00 =e 1.50 1,00 0.50 0.00 9 05 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 t(s) (A) 0.5 t0 1.05 (B) 1.0to1.5s (© 1802.25 (D) 2.5 to 3.05 (E) 1.0t0 1.2522 > 500AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day 73. A block with a mass of 30 kg is located on a horizontal, frictionless tabletop. This block is connected by a rope to another block with a mass of 10 kg, The rope is looped through a pulley on the table’s edge so that the less massive block is hanging over the edge. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the larger block across the table? (A) 0.5 mis? (B) 1 mis? (© 2.5 mis? (D) 3.5 m/s? (BE) 4.0 mis? 74. A jet flies at level flight. The engines produce a total of 20,000 N of forward thrust, the jet’s mass is 50,000 kg, and it accelerates at 0.3 m/s*. What is the magnitude of the air resistance against which the jet flies? (A) 1,000N (B) 3,000 N (© 5,000N (D) 10,000 N (E) 15,000 N 75. A boy is pushing a 50-kg crate across a frictionless surface. The velocity is changing with time as shown in this graph. What is the magnitude of the force that the boy applies to the crate? 3 25 2 15 1 05 0 0.5 1 v (mia) a5 -2 t(s) (A) 5N (B) 10N (C) 15N (D) 20N (E) 25N76. 77. 78. Dynamics: Newton's Laws « 23 A car with a mass of 1,000 kg travels at 30 m/s. The driver applies his brakes for a uniform deceleration and comes to a complete stop in 60 m. Assuming that the forward motion is positive, what is the magnitude and direction of the net force acting on the car? (A) 7,500N (B) 5,000N (©) 1,000 N (D) 5,000 N (E) -7,500N A bowler applies a constant net force of 100 N on a 5-kg bowling ball over a time period of 1.5 s before he releases the ball. ‘The ball starts from rest. What is its final velocity? (A) 5 mis (B) 10 m/s (©) 20 m/s (D) 30 m/s (E) 40 mis A tow truck is pulling a car out of a ditch. Which of the following statements is true about the forces between the truck and the car? (A) The force of the truck on the car is greater than the force of the car on the truck. (B) The force of the truck on the car is less than the force of the car on the truck. (C) The force of the truck on the car is equal in magnitude to the force of the car on the truck. (D) The force of the truck on the car may be equal to the force of the car on the truck, but only when the system is in a state of constant velocity. (E)_ The force of the truck on the car may be greater than the force of the car on the truck, but only when the system is accelerating.24 >» 500AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day 79. This graph depicts the velocity of a skydiver over time during a free fall. Which of the following statements is true? v (ms) t(s) (A) The net forces acting on the skydiver increase until the acceleration reaches its maximum and the velocity becomes constant. (B) The net forces acting on the skydiver decrease until the acceleration reaches zero and the velocity becomes constant. (©) There are no net forces acting on the skydiver. (D) The net forces acting on the skydiver increase until the acceleration reaches zero and the velocity becomes constant. (B) The net forces acting on the skydiver decrease until the acceleration reaches zero and the velocity becomes zero. 80. A girl pushes a 10-kg box from rest across a horizontal floor with a force of 50 N. The force of friction opposing her is 45 N. If the box uniformly accelerates from rest to a final velocity of 2.0 m/s, how much time did it take to get to that velocity? (A) Is (B) 2s (© 3s (D) 4s (E) 5s 81. A rocket goes from rest to 9.6 km/s in 8 min. The rocket’s mass is 8.0 X 10° kg. Assuming a constant acceleration, what is the net force acting on the rocket? (A) 1.6x 10°N (B) 9.6 x 10° N (C) 9.6 x 10°N (D) 1.0x 107N (E) 1.6 x 108NDynamics: Newton's Laws ¢ 25 82. A car travels at a constant velocity of 30 m/s. The mass of the car is 1,000 kg. 83. The forward force of the road on the car is 1,000 N. What is the total amount of backward force on the car from air drag and rolling friction? (A) 1,000 N (B) 10,000 N (©) 9,000 N (D) 3,000 N (©) 2,000N A 1,000-kg car is initially traveling at 30 m/s. The driver applies the brakes suddenly, and the friction from the road exerts 9,000 N of force on the car. If the car uniformly decelerates to a complete stop, how far does the car travel during the braking process? (A) 2m (B) 50m (© 100m (D) 200 m (E) 450m 84. This position-time graph is typical of which type of motion? (A) Motion of an object with an increasing net force acting upon it (B) Motion with zero velocity (©) Motion with constant positive net force acting upon it (D) Motion of an object with no net force acting upon it (E) Motion of an object with negative net force acting upon it 85. Ar the very beginning of a dash, a 70-kg runner accelerates uniformly from rest to 10 m/s in 0.5 s as she moves in the positive direction. What is the net force acting upon the runner? (A) -7,000 N (B) -1,400N (© oN (D) 1,400N (E) 7,000 N26 86. 87. a (mvs) >» 500 AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day Rank the following scenarios from the smallest acceleration to the greatest acceleration: I. Net force F applied to a mass M Il. Net force 2F applied to a mass M III. Net force F applied to a mass 2M IV. Net force 2F applied to a mass 2M (A) I>1=IV> 11 (B) I>1>I1>IV (C) Il>IV=I>IL (D) IV>II> I> (E) II>1=>1V ‘The acceleration-time graph of an object's motion is shown in this figure. At what time will the forces acting on it be balanced? 4 3 2 1 o “1 2 -3 4 5 OO t(s) (A) 0s (B) Is (©) 2s (D) 3s (E) 4s Multi-select: For questions 88-91, two of the suggested answers will be correct. Select the two best answers, and record them both on the answer sheet. 88. A book is resting on a table. Which of the following forces act on the book? (A) The gravitational force (B) The force of the book on the table (C) The supporting force of the table on the book (D) The net downward force of air on the book (E) The force of the table on the floor89. 90. 91. Dynamics: Newton's Laws ¢ 27 Consider the forces on a child standing in an elevator. When is the normal force from the elevator equal to the gravitational force? (A) When the elevator moves up at a constant speed (B) When the elevator accelerates upward (C) When the elevator is at rest (D) When the elevator accelerates downward at a constant rate (E) When the child is jumping up off the floor of the elevator A rope applies 35. N force as shown in the figure. As a result, the box accelerates to the left along the surface. In addition to the gravitational force, which of the following forces act on the box? 35.N 150N (A) The downward force of the box on the table (B) ‘The frictional force of the surface on the box (C) The upward force of the table on the box (D) The force of motion to the left on the box (E) The tension force of the rope on the box Which of the following are properties of mass? (A) Mass is the ratio of weight to volume. (B) Masses push on other masses. (C)_ A mass experiences an attractive force with another mass. (D) Mass is the amount of space something occupies. (E) Mass resists changes in motion. Free Response: An archer stands on a castle wall that is 45 m high. He shoots an arrow with a velocity of 10.0 m/s at an angle of 45° relative to the horizontal. ‘The arrow is shot into a constant headwind that exerts a force of 0.05 N on the arrow. The arrow has a mass of 0.050 kg. 92. 93. 94, 95. Determine the magnitude of the horizontal and vertical components of the arrow’s initial velocity. Determine how much time it takes for the arrow to reach the ground. Determine the maximum range of the arrow into the wind. How much farther would the arrow go if the wind wasn’t blowing?28 > 500AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day Free Response: A 10-kg box slides down a plane inclined at an angle (@ = 30°). “The plane has a coefficient of friction (j1 = 0.1). The box starts from rest and slides down the plane for 2.0 s. 96. Draw a free-body diagram of this situation, and label all the forces on the box. 97. Calculate the force of friction on the box. 98. Calculate the acceleration of the box. 99. Calculate the final velocity of the box. 100, Calculate the distance that the box moves down the plane in the given time interval.Circular Motion and the Universal Law of Gravitation 101. A car moves in a horizontal circle with a radius of 10 m. The tangential 102. velocity of the car is 30 m/s. What is the car’s acceleration? (A) 3 m/s? toward the center (B) 3 m/s? away from the center (C)_ 90 m/s? toward the center (D) 90 m/s? away from the center (E) 270 m/s? toward the center If the car in the previous question has a mass of 1,000 kg, then what is the force of friction acting on the car? (A) 3,000 N toward the center (B) 3,000 N away from the center (©) 90,000 N away from the center (D) 90,000 N toward the center (E) 90,000 N vertically 103. A satellite orbits the Earth at a distance of 100 km. The mass of the satellite is 100 kg, while the mass of the Earth is approximately 6.0 x 10% kg. The radius of the Earth is approximately 6.4 x 10° m. What is the approximate force of gravity acting on the satellite? (A) 4x 104N (B) 6.2x10°N (C) 4x 10°N (D) 6.2 x 10°N (E) 4x104N30 > 500 AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day 104, 105. 106. 107. Two satellites of equal mass orbit a planet. Satellite B orbits at twice the orbital radius of Satellite A. Which of the following statements is true? (A) The gravitational force on Satellite A is four times less than that on Satellite B. (B) The gravitational force on Satellite A is two times less than that on Satellite B. (©) The gravitational force on the satellites is equal. (D) The gravitational force on Satellite A is two times greater than that on Satellite B. (E)_ The gravitational force on Satellite A is four times greater than that on Satellite B. A70-kg astronaut floats at a distance of 10 m from a 50,000-kg spacecraft. What is the force of attraction between the astronaut and spacecraft? (A) 24x 106N (B) 2.4x10°N (C) Zero; there is no gravity in space. (D) 24x 10°N (BE) 2.4x 106N ‘The centripetal acceleration on a 1,000-kg car in a turn is 1 x 10° m/s”, ‘The radius of the turn is 10 m. What is the car’s speed? (A) 1x 10! m/s (B) 1x 10? m/s (©) 1x 103 m/s (D) 1x 104 m/s (E) 1x 105 m/s An ice skater skates around a circular rink with a diameter of 20 m. If it takes her 62.8 s to go around the rink once, what is the coefficient of friction of the ice? (A) 0.01 (B) 0.10 (©) 0.20 (D) 0.30 (E) 0.50108. 109. Circular Motion and the Universal Law of Gravitation < 31 A proposed “space elevator” can lift a 1,000-kg payload to an orbit of 150 km above the Earth’s surface. The radius of the Earth is 6.4 x 10° m, and the Earth’s mass is 6 x 10% kg, What is the gravitational potential energy of the payload when it reaches orbit? (A) 1.0.x 103J (B) 2.7x 105] (© 6.1.x 10°J (D) 2.7x 10" () 1.0x 107 A warrior spins a slingshot in a horizontal circle above his head at a constant speed. ‘The sling is 1.5 m long, and the stone has a mass of 50 g. The tension in the string is 3.3 N. When he releases the sling, what will the stone’s speed be? (A) 5 mis (B) 10 m/s (© 25 mis (D) 30 m/s (E) 50 m/s32 >» 500 AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day Questions 110 and 111 are based on the following graph: 100.0 a (m/s*) 110. 111. 112. 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 r(m) Engincers have designed a centrifuge for studying the effects of high gravity environments on plants and animals. This graph shows the results of the relationship between the radius and the centripetal acceleration. If the scientists want to simulate a “3-G environment,” then what should the radius of the centrifuge be? (A) Im (B) 2m (©) 3m (D) 5m () 10m If an astronaut with a mass of 70 kg were placed in that centrifuge with a radius of 5 m, what would be the centripetal force acting on him? (A) 30N (B) 70N (©) 140N (D) 210N (E) 240N ‘The Earth is at an average distance of 1 AU from the Sun and has an orbital period of I year. Jupiter orbits the Sun at approximately 5 AU. About how long is the orbital period of Jupiter? (A) 1 year (B) 2 years (©) 5 years (D) 11 years (E) 125 years113. 114. 115. 116. Circular Motion and the Universal Law of Gravitation ¢ 33 A satellite orbits the Earth at a distance of 200 km. If the mass of the Earth is 6.0 x 10% kg and the Earth’s radius is 6.4 x 106 m, what is the satellite’s speed? (A) 1x 10? m/s (B) 3.5 x 10? m/s (©) 7.8 x 103 m/s (D) 5x 10° m/s (E) 6.1 x 107 m/s A block with a mass of 30 kg is hanging still from a string. If you place another block with a mass of 10 kg at a distance of 2 m away, what is the gravitational attraction between the two blocks? (A) 1x10 N (B) 5x 10-N (C 1x 10-°N (D) 5x 10°N () 1x10°N A 1,000-kg car experiences a centripetal force of 1.8 x 10° N while making a turn. The car is moving at a constant speed of 30 m/s. What is the radius of the turn? (A) 0.2m (B) Im (© 2m (D) 4m (E) 5m A skater holds out her arms level to the ground as she spins. In one hand she holds a tennis ball. Each of her arms is 1 m long. If the tennis ball travels at 5 m/s, what is its centripetal acceleration? (A) 5 m/s? (B) 10 m/s? (©) 15 mis? (D) 20 m/s? (BE) 25 mis?34 > 500AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day 117. 118. 119. Mars orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.3 x 10'! m. The mass of the Sun is 2x 10°° kg, and the mass of Mars is 6.4 x 1073 kg. Approximately what is the gravitational force that the Sun exerts on Mars? (A) 1.6 x 10?°N (B) 1.6 10?!N (C) 3.7x10!N (D) 3.7 x 102N (E) 3.7x108N A record player has four coins at different distances from the center of rotation. Coin A is 1 cm away, Coin B is 2 cm away, Coin C is 4 cm away, and Coin D is 8 cm away. If the player is spinning 45 rotations/min, what coin has the greatest tangential velocity? (A) Coin A (B) Coin B (©) Coin c (D) Coin D (E) All the coins have equal tangential velocities. Friction allows a car to make a turn at a speed of 10 miles per hour. By what factor will the friction have to change to allow the driver to make the same turn at twice the speed? (A) Four times the friction (B) Twice the friction (©) The same amount of friction (D) One-half the friction (BE) One-fourth the frictionCircular Motion and the Universal Law of Gravitation ¢ 35 120. This graph depicts the tangential velocities of several circular space stations v (ms) with different radii, All the stations are spinning. Which of the following statements is true? 150.00 100.00 50.00 0.00 o 500 1000 1500 2000 r(m) (A) The centripetal accelerations of the three shorter radii space stations are greater than 10 m/s’; those of the larger ones are less than 10 m/s?. (B) The centripetal accelerations of the three shorter radii space stations are greater than 5 m/s*; those of the larger ones are less than 5 m/s*. (C) The centripetal accelerations of all the stations are all nearly 5 m/s*. (D) The centripetal accelerations of all the stations are all nearly 10 m/s?. (E)_ The centripetal accelerations of the three shorter radii space stations are less than 10 m/s; those of the larger ones are greater than 10 m/s”. 121. The Moon has a mass of 7.4 x 10”? kg and a radius of 1.7 x 10° m. What is the force of gravity experienced by a 70-kg astronaut standing on the lunar surface? (A) 10N (B) 50N (©) 100N (D) 120N (E) 150N 122. A bicycle wheel has a radius of 0.5 m. When it spins, it completes one full turn in 1.6 s. A pebble wedged in the tread has a mass of 10 g. What is the centripetal force on the pebble? (A) 0.01N (B) 0.08 N (C) 0.1N (D) 0.8N () 1N36 > 500 AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day 123. 124, 125. 126. 127. ‘The Moon has a mass of 7.4 x 10”? kg and a distance from the Earth of 3.8 x 108 m. The Earth’s mass is 6 x 104 kg. What is the magnitude of the gravitational potential energy of the Moon? (A) 2.0 x 107°J (B) 7.8 x 1078 J (C) 2.0 x 10°) (D) 7.8 x 10°°J (E) 2.0x 10J A tetherball swings in a horizontal circle. If the radius of the swing is tripled but the tangential speed remains the same, by what factor does the centripetal force change? (A) Nine times greater (B) Three times greater (©) Remains the same (D) One-third as much (BE) One-ninth as much ‘The coefficient of friction between the rubber tires of a car and dry concrete is 1 = 0.64. If a car enters a horizontal turn with a radius of 10.0 m, what is the maximum speed that the car can have and still hold the road? (A) 4m/s (B) 8 m/s (©) 32 mis (D) 64 mis (BE) 144 mis A spinning top has a radius of 2 cm. If the top takes 0.06 s to complete one rotation, what is the centripetal acceleration at the edge of the top? (A) 10 m/s? (B) 22 mis? (C) 100 m/s? (D) 220 mis? (E) 1,000 m/s? You swing a 100-g object attached to a 2-m string in a circle above your head. ‘The speed of the object is 12 m/s. What is the centripetal force on its mass? (A) 0.72N (B) 7.2N (© 72N (D) 720N (E) 7,200N128. Circular Motion and the Universal Law of Gravitation « 37 Four planets, A through D, orbit the same star. The relative masses and distances from the star for each planet are shown in the table. For example, Planet A has twice the mass of Planet B, and Planet D has three times the orbital radius of Planet A. Which planet has the highest gravitational attraction to the star? Planet Relative mass Relative distance A 2m - m O.1r B Cc 0.5 m 2r D 4m 3r 129. 130. (A) Planet A (B) Planet B (C) Planer C (D) Planet D (E) All have the same gravitational attraction to the star. Multi-select: Two of the suggested answers will be correct. Select the two best answers, and record them both on the answer sheet. “The planet Jupiter orbits the Sun at a nearly constant speed. Which of the following statements are true? (A) There is a force on Jupiter toward the center of the orbit. (B) There is a force on Jupiter pulling it out from the center of the orbit. (C) There is a force on Jupiter in the direction of its motion. (D) Jupiter is accelerating toward the center of the orbit. (E) There are no forces on Jupiter. A tetherball is whirled in a horizontal circle above your head. If the string breaks, the ball will follow what type of path if it is observed from above? (A) Straight outward from the center (B) Straight toward the center (C) An expanding spiral (D) A curved path that gradually approaches a straight line (E) Tangent to the original circular path38 > 500 AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day 131. 132. 133. 134, The driver of a race car takes a turn on a track at a constant speed. What can be said about the acceleration of the driver? (A)_ Itis outward from the center of the turn. (B) _Icisin the direction of motion. (©) Itis toward the center of the turn. (D) Itis a vector combination of forward and toward the center. (E)_ Ithas a value of zero. Multi-select: Two of the suggested answers will be correct. Select the two best answers, and record them both on the answer sheet. ‘What can be said about the Moon as it orbits the Earth at a constant speed? (A) The Moon’s velocity is constant. (B) The Moon experiences acceleration toward the center of the orbit. (C) There is an unbalanced force on the Moon. (D) The Moon experiences acceleration away from the center of the orbit. (BE) The Moon experiences a constant acceleration. ‘A pendulum bob is attached to a string that is tied to the ceiling, and the bob is pulled back and released. As the bob moves through the bortom of the swing, how does the magnitude of the tension force from the string compare to the gravitational force on the bob? (A) The tension force is less than the gravitational force. (B) The tension force is greater than the gravitational force. (C) The tension force is equal to the gravitational force. (D) The mass of the ball is needed in order to compare these forces. (E) The release height of the ball is needed in order to compare these forces. A pendulum bob is attached to a string that is tied to the ceiling, and the bob is pulled back and released from different heights, As the bob moves through the bottom of the swing, how is its centripetal acceleration related to its speed? (A) The centripetal acceleration is directly proportional to the speed of the pendulum. (B) The centripetal acceleration is inversely proportional to the speed of the pendulum. (©) The centripetal acceleration is directly proportional to the square of the speed of the pendulum. (D) The centripetal acceleration is inversely proportional to the square of the speed of the pendulum. (E) There is no relationship between the centripetal acceleration and the speed.Circular Motion and the Universal Law of Gravitation <¢ 39 135. Two satellites orbit the Earth at the same speed in identical orbits. Satellite A is twice the mass of Satellite B. How does the centripetal acceleration of Satellite A compare with that of Satellite B? (A) Four times as much (B) Twice as much (C) The same (D) One-half as much (E) One-fourth as much 136. When climbing from sca level to the top of Mount Everest, a hiker changes elevation by 8,848 m. By what percentage will the gravitational field of the Earth change during the climb? (The Earth’s mass is 6.0 x 104 kg, and its radius is 6.4 x 106 m.) (A) Iewill increase by approximately 0.3%. (B) Te will decrease by approximately 0.3%. (C) Ie will increase by approximately 12%. (D) Ie will decrease by approximately 12%. (E) The gravitational field strength will not change. Multi-select: For questions 137-139, two of the suggested answers will be correct. Select the two best answers, and record them both on the answer sheet. 137. Two masses, My and M,, are separated a distance d. What changes in the variables will result in NO CHANGE in the gravitational force between the masses? (A) M, is doubled, and dis doubled. (B) Mis tripled, and dis quadrupled. (C) Both M, and M, are tripled, and dis tripled. (D) Myis quadrupled, and d is doubled. (BE) M; is cut in half, M, is cut in half, but d is doubled. 138. A child swings from the end of a rope tied to the branch of a tree. As she swings through the bottom of the arc, which forces act on her? (A) A downward force of air pressure (B) A downward centrifugal force (C) The gravitational force (D) The forward force of motion (E) The upward tension from the rope40 > 500AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day 139. 140. 141. 142. Which of the following affect the strength of the gravitational field on the surface of a planet? (A) The mass of the object at the surface (B) The mass of the planet (©) The radius of the planet (D) The volume of the object at the surface (E)_ The presence of air at the surface of the planet ‘Two identical cars are moving at the same constant speed as they take different exit ramps from the highway. Ramp 1 is a circular arc with a radius of 25 m. Ramp 2 is a circular arc with a radius of 50 m. How does the centripetal force on the car taking Ramp 2 compare with that for the car taking Ramp 1? (A) Ramp 2 requires four times the centripetal force. (B) Ramp 2 requires two times the centripetal force. (C) Ramp 2 requires the same centripetal force. (D) Ramp 2 requires one-half the centripetal force. (BE) Ramp 2 requires one-fourth the centripetal force. The Moon takes 27.3 days to orbit the Earth at an average radial distance of 385,000 km from the center of the Earth. What is the acceleration of the Moon? (A) 2.73 x 1073 m/s? (B) 4.96 x 107 mis? (C) 9.80 x 10° m/s? (D) 1.94 x 103 m/s? (E) 6.92 x 10° mis? In the previous question, assign the acceleration of the Moon the symbol 4 and the mass of the Moon M,,. Ifa satellite with a mass M, were placed in the same orbit at the same speed, what is the gravitational field strength at the satellite’s orbital position? (A) an (B) (MJ My) 4m (©) (MyM) am (D) (M,+ Mj) 4m/My (BE) (M+ My) 4lMoyCircular Motion and the Universal Law of Gravitation ¢ 41 143. The mass, turn radius, and speed of each car in the table below are shown relative to Car A. Which of the following best ranks the centripetal force ‘on the cars? Car Mass Radius Speed _| A M R | B 2M. R vi C M 2R a D M 2R | pete steerer (B) D>C=B>A (C) D=A=B>C (D) D>B>A>C (E) D=B>A>C Free Response: A 1,000-kg satellite orbits the Earth in a circular orbit at an altitude of 1,000 km. The Earth’s mass is 6.0 x 104 kg, and its radius is 6.4 x 10° m. 144. How does the force of gravity on the satellite compare with the centripetal force on the satellite? What is the magnitude of the force of gravity acting on the satellite? 145, What is the magnitude of the satellite’s tangential velocity? 146. What is the gravitational potential energy of the satellite? 147. What is the value of the acceleration due to gravity at this altitude? Free Response: A 1,000-kg car makes a turn on a banked curve. The radius of the turn is 300 m, and the turn is inclined at an angle (8 = 30°). Assume that the turn is frictionless. 148. Draw a free-body diagram of this situation, and label all the forces on the car. 149. Calculate the car’s maximum speed. 150. Calculate the centripetal force on the car.This page intentionally left blankSimple Harmonic Motion 151. A 0.40-kg mass hangs on a spring with a spring constant of 12 N/m. ‘The system oscillates with a constant amplitude of 12 cm. What is the maximum acceleration of the system? (A) 0.62 m/s? (B) 1.4 m/s? (© 1.6 mis? (D) 3.6 m/s? (BE) 9.8 m/s? 152. A mass is attached to a spring and allowed to oscillate vertically. Which of the following would NOT change the period of the oscillation? (A) Double the mass and double the spring constant (B) Double the amplitude of vibration and double the mass (C) Double the gravitational field strength and double the mass (D) Double the gravitational field strength and double the spring constant (E) Double the gravitational field strength and quadruple the mass 153. ‘The Moon is approximately 384,000 km from the Earth. The Moon revolves around the Earth once every 27.3 days. What is the frequency of the Moon’s motion? (A) 14,100 km each day (B) 0.0366 revolution cach day (C) 0.036630 revolution each day (D) 655 hours for each revolution (E) 27.3 days for each revolution44 » 500 AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day 154. 155. 156. 157. A bell is rung when the dangling clapper within it makes contact with the bell. A poorly designed bell has a clapper thar swings with the same period as the bell. How can this design be improved? (A) Use a clapper with a smaller mass on the end so it is out of period with the bell. (B)_ Use a clapper with a bigger mass on the end so it is out of period with the bell. (©) Force the bell ro swing with greater amplitude. (D) Use a longer clapper so it is out of period with the bell. (E)_ Increase the mass of the bell so it makes better contact with the clapper. ‘A meter stick is held at one end by a frictionless pivot and is held horizontally at the other end. Neglecting air resistance, how far will the meter stick swing when released? (A)_ Ie will swing in a circle around the pivot and back to the starting point. (B) Ie will swing just short of horizontal on the other side of the pivot. (©) Iewill swing just beyond horizontal on the other side of the pivot. (D) Ie will swing to horizontal on the other side of the pivot. (E) Ie will drop to vertical and stop. A toy nicknamed the “Newron’s cradle” consists of five steel balls, each suspended by two strings and each touching the adjacent ball(s). When a ball at the end is raised and then dropped, it hits the adjacent ball and the ball at the other end rises. Why? (A) The elastic energy of the moving ball is transferred to chemical energy. (B) The potential energy of the center balls keeps them in place. (©) The kinetic energy of the moving ball is transferred through the set of balls causing the ball at the end to rise up. (D) The potential energy of the moving ball is transferred through the set of balls to the only ball that can move, causing it to rise. (E) The center balls are glued together and do not move. Which choice below best explains why a pendulum does not oscillate in zero gravity? (A). The pendulum has no mass in zero gravity. (B) A pendulum requires gravity to create the restoring force. (©) The pendulum is in orbit and considered weightless. (D) The pendulum would be too far from the Earth to work properly. (E) The pendulum must have an oscillating tension in the string to function properly.158. 159. 160. 161. Simple Harmonic Motion < 45 Some large oil tankers have an antiroll water tank inside the hull that matches the resonant frequency of the ship’s hull. When ocean waves hit the ship at the resonant frequency, how does the water tank prevent the ship from capsizing in the waves? (A) The energy of the waves is used by the water in the tank. (B) The waves enter the tank and are dampened. (C) The water tank is 180° our of phase with the ship’s hull. (D) The water tank is 90° out of phase with the ship’s hull. (E) The water in the tank is in phase with the ship’s hull. A pendulum has a bob of 28 kg and is 38 cm in diameter. It is hung on a wire that is 67 m long. What are its period and frequency near the surface of the Earth? (A) 0.061 s and 16 cycles/s (B) 16s and 0.061 cycle/s (C) 0.60869 s and 16.429 cycles/s (D) 11s and 0.094 cycle/s (E) 0.094 s and 11 cycles/s One end of a 50-kg mass is attached to two vertical springs in parallel. Each spring has a spring constant of 20 N/m. When the spring is pulled back and released, what is the system’s period? (A) 14.04962946 s (B) 7.024814731 s (C) 14s (D) 7.0s (©) 014s A mass of 50 kg is held vertically by two springs, one connected to the other in series. Each spring has a spring constant of 20 N/m. When set in motion, what is the system’s period? (A) 0.145 (B) 14s (© 7.0s (D) 14.04962946 s (BE) 7.024814731 s46 > 500AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day 162. A mass of 50 kg is held horizontally on a frictionless surface by two springs, one at each end of the mass. Each spring has a spring constant of 20 N/m. When set in motion, what is the system’s period? (A) 14.04962946 s (B) 7.024814731 s (© 14s (D) 7.0s © 014s 163, A mass of 50 kg is held horizontally on a frictionless surface by two springs, one connected to the other in series. Each spring has a spring constant of 20 N/m. When set in motion, what is the system’s period? (A) 0.145 (B) 14s (© 7.0s (D) 14.04962946 s (E) 7.024814731 s 164, A 10-kg mass is placed on a frictionless surface and attached to a spring that is attached to a fixed wall. The spring’s constant is 20 N/m. When set in motion, what is the system’s period, and what is the period if the system is held vertically? (A) 44s and 8.9s (B) 8.885765876 s for both (C) 8.885765876 s and 17.77153175 s (D) 4.4 for both (©) 13 for both 165. A 15-kg mass rests on two springs and is held by a spring attached to the ceiling. The spring constant for each of the bottom two springs is 10 N/m, and the spring constant for the upper spring is 25 N/m. When set in motion, what is the system’s period? (A) 36s (B) 7.2s (© 18s (D) 12s (E) The mass will not move.166. 167. 168. 169. 170. Simple Harmonic Motion < 47 ‘A mass of 12 kg is hung onto a spring attached to the ceiling. The spring’s constant is 19 N/m. How far will the spring stretch when the weight is hung, and what will be the system’s period when activated? (A) 6.2 emand 15s (B) 6.2 mand 5 min (C) 62 mmand 15.6 (D) 6.2 mand 5.0 (E) 6.2 mand 156s A teftigerator compressor that weighs 8 kg is fixed to three separate springs on the refrigerator frame. Each has a spring constant of 0.01 N/m. What is the natural frequency of the system? (A) 0.01 cycle/s (B) 0.03 cyclels (©) 0.8 cycle/s (D) 103 cycles/s (E) 0.003 cycle/s ‘The pendulum on an old mechanical, weight-driven clock has a period of 3.0 s. What is the length of the clock’s pendulum? (A) 2.2m (B) 3.5m (©) 22cm (D) 35cm () 3.0m A blue light wave vibrates at 6.98 x 10!4 Hz. What is its period of vibration? (A) 6.98x 10'4s (B) 1.43 10s (©) 2.09 x 103 m/s (D) 3.00 x 108 m/s (E) 2.09 x 10 m A steel ball with a mass of 100 g is dropped onto a steel plate. The collision is perfectly clastic. From what height must the ball be dropped for the vibrating system to have a bounce period of 2.0 s? (A) 100. cm (B) 20.m (©) 0.10m (D) 9.8m (E) 4.9m48 > 500AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day 171. 172. 173. 174. 175. ‘A pendulum on the surface of the Moon has a period of 1.0 s. If the length of the pendulum is quadrupled, what is the value of the new period? (A) 0.25 (B) 0.50s (© 10s (D) 2.0s (©) 40s ‘A2.0-m pendulum on a particular planet has a period of 4.6 s. What is the gravitational field strength on that planet? (A) 1.6 N/kg (B) 3.7 N/kg (©) 4.9 Nikg (D) 9.8 N/kg (BE) 25 Nikg A particle oscillates with simple harmonic motion with no damping. Which one of the following statements about the acceleration of the oscillating particle is true? (A) Ichas a value of 9.8 m/s? when the oscillation is vertical. (B) Itis zero when the speed is the minimum. (©) Itis proportional to the frequency. (D) Icis zero throughout the oscillation. (B)_ Itis zero when the speed is the maximum. ‘The displacement (in centimeters) of the vibrating cone of a large loudspeaker is represented by the equation Ax = 2.0 cos(1502), where f is the time in seconds. What distance does the tip of the cone move in half a period? (A) 0.007 cm (B) 1.0cm (©) 2.0cm (D) 4.0 cm (E) 150cm ‘The displacement (in centimeters) of the vibrating cone of a large loudspeaker is represented by the equation Ax = 2.0 cos(150z). What is the frequency of the vibration of the tip of the cone? (A) 24Hz (B) 0.042 Hz (© 150 Hz (D) 2.0 Hz (E) 1.0 HzSimple Harmonic Motion « 49 176. The graph shows the displacement versus time for an object. Which equation best describes its displacement in meters? Displacement vs. Time 15 NA AT JV VEE wo J MY 154 o Displacement (m) ° [ Time (seconds) (A) Ax = 20 cos(0.52) (B) Ax = 10 cos(22) (BE) Ax = 20 sin(n) Questions 177-180 are based on the figure below of a mass-spring system. ‘Assume the mass is pulled back to position +A and released, and it slides back and forth without friction. 177. When the mass reaches position ~A, what can be said about its speed? (A) Itisa minimum. (B) Itisa maximum. (©) Iris zero. (D) Iris decreasing. (E)_Itis increasing.50 > 500 AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day 178. 179. 180. 181. ‘When the mass reaches position 0, what can be said about its speed? (A) Ieisa minimum. (B) Itis a maximum. (© Ieis zero. (D) Ieis decreasing. (E)_Icis increasing. ‘At what position does the mass have the greatest acceleration? (A) -A (B) -A/2 (©) 0 (D) +A/2 (E) +A ‘The mass is released from the ~A position at time ¢= 0, and it oscillates with period 7, measured in seconds. Which equation best represents the displacement? (A) Ax =-A (=) (A) Ax =A cos = (B) Ax =-(AI2) cos(2nT tr) (© Ax=-A cos( 220) (D) Ax = (Al2) cos(T'#) (©) Av=A eo 21) a A mass-spring system oscillates up and down in a gravitational field. When is its kinetic energy the greatest? (A) When it’s passing through equilibrium (B) At the top of its motion (© At the bottom its motion (D) When its gravitational potential energy is the greatest (E) When its elastic energy is the greatestSimple Harmonic Motion ¢ 51 182. A mass is suspended from a spring and allowed to oscillate freely. When the amplitude of vibration is doubled, what happens to the frequency of vibration? (A) Ir quadruples. (B) Ir doubles. (C) Ir stays the same. (D) It reduces to one-half of what it was. (EB) It reduces to one-fourth of what it was. 183. Rank the following in regard to the voltage across just one resistor in the circuit. Assume all resistors are identical. I. A circuit with a battery of voltage V connected across a resistor IL. A circuit with a battery of voltage V connected across two resistors in series III. A circuit with a battery of voltage V connected across two resistors in parallel IV. A circuit with a battery of voltage 2V connected across two resistors in series (A) IV>I=I>1 (B) 1=01=IV>1 (© I>MI>IV=I (D) W=I>IV=I (BE) 1=0=Il=1V 184, A wave generator in a pool produces one wave every minute. What is the frequency of vibration? (A) 60s (B) 1Hz (©) 0.02 Hz (D) 60 Hz ® 1s 185, The Moon has a gravitational field strength that is approximately one-sixth of the field on the Earth, What is the ratio between the period of a pendulum ‘on the Moon and the period of an identical pendulum on the Earth? (A) 6 (B) V6 1 (©) a 1 D) — aris ® 152 > 500AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day 186. A mass-spring system oscillates with simple harmonic motion because a compressed or stretched spring has what type of energy? (A). Gravitational potential (B) Kinetic (©) Chemical (D) Thermal (B)_ Elastic potential Multi-select: For questions 187-191, two of the suggested answers will be correct. Select the two best answers, and record them both on the answer sheet. 187. Which of the following are NOT examples of simple harmonic motion? (A) A tennis ball bouncing on the ground (B) A child swinging freely back and forth in a toddler swing (©) A plucked guitar string (D) A child who continues to jump up and down (B) A ball rolling back and forth in a bowl 188, Which of the following best represent periodic motion? (A) A skydiver who has reached terminal velocity (B) The Moon in orbit about the Earth (©) A car driving to each state in the United States (D) A cart pushed up a frictionless incline plane (E) A pendulum swinging over a 30-min time span. 189. Which of the following significantly affect the period of a simple pendulum? (A) The length of the pendulum (B) The mass of the pendulum bob (C) The amplitude of swing (D) The gravitational field strength (E) The thickness of the string190. 191. Simple Harmonic Motion ¢ 53 A mass is suspended from a vertical spring attached to a support. Which of the following significantly affect the frequency of oscillation of this system? (A) The spring constant (B) The gravitational field strength (C) The value of the mass (D) Friction between the mass and the spring, (E) The surface area of the mass A mass oscillates from the end of a vertical spring. What may be done to increase the frequency of oscillation? (A) Increase the mass (B) Decrease the mass (C) Increase the spring constant (D) Increase the strength of the gravitational field (E)_ Increase the amplitude of vibration Free Response: A system consists of a 2.0-kg mass hanging from a vertical spring that has a spring constant of 8.0 N/m. The system is displaced 20.0 cm and continues to vibrate with no damping. 192. 193. 194, 195. 196. Determine the amplitude, and calculate the period and frequency of the oscillation. ‘Write an equation for the displacement (in centimeters) of the mass as a function of time. Sketch two oscillations of the displacement versus time graph. Calculate the maximum values of spring force, acceleration, and velocity of the mass. During one full oscillation, explain when the points of maximum acceleration and maximum velocity occur.54 > 500AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day Free Response: A student group is conducting a lab to determine the variables that affect the period of a pendulum motion. The group identified three variables to test: the length of the pendulum, the mass of the pendulum bob, and the displacement angle of the swing. Answer the following questions about this experiment. 197. Explain how the period of the pendulum is measured. Identify the instruments that may be used to measure period, and comment on uncertainties in measurement. 198, The group first conducts an experiment to test the effect of the length of the pendulum. Identify the independent variable, the dependent variable, and the controlled variables in this experiment. 199. Sketch the expected shape of the period versus length graph. 200. Next, the group tests the effect of the mass of the bob on the period. Based on your knowledge of the pendulum, make all the necessary calculations and fill in the missing data in this table: Mass of Bob (g) Period (s) 10. 20. 30. 0.76 40. 50. Angle of swing = 20. °, and the Length of the pendulum = m 201. Because of budgeting issues, the students did not test the effect of the gravitational field on the period of the pendulum. Based on your knowledge of a pendulum, sketch the shape of the graph of period versus the square root of the gravitational field.202. 203. 204. Impulse, Linear Momentum, Conservation of Linear Momentum, and Collisions A70-kg man runs at a constant velocity of 2 m/s. What is the magnitude of his momentum? (A) 35 kg-m/s (B) 68 kg- m/s (C) 70 kg: mis (D) 72 kg- m/s (E) 140 kg- mis A I0-N force is applied to a hockey puck over a period of 0.1 s. What is the change in momentum of the hockey puck? (A) 1.0 kg-m/s (B) 9.9 kg-m/s (©) 10kg- m/s (D) 10.1 kg- m/s (E) 100 kg- m/s A 1,000-kg car moving at a constant velocity of +11.0 m/s strikes a concrete barrier and comes to a complete stop in 2.0 s. What is the average force acting on the car? (A) -5,500 N (B) -180N (© 0.02N (D) 180N (E) 5,500N56 > 500 AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day 205. 206. 207. 208. A 1.0-kg ball moving at +10 m/s strikes a wall and bounces back. The collision is perfectly elastic. What is the ball’: momentum after the collision? (Assume a frictionless surface.) (A) -100 kg- m/s (B) 10 kg-m/s (©) -1.0 kg-m/s (D) 10 kg-mis (BE) 100 kg- mis A 10-kg box is sliding across an ice rink at 10 m/s. A skater exerts a constant force of 10 N against it. How long will it take for the box to come to a complete stop? (A) 0.55 (B) 1.0s (© 10s (D) 50s (E) 100s ‘Two balls of equal mass collide in a perfectly elastic collision. Ball A moves to the right at 10 m/s, Ball B moves to the left at 5 m/s. After the collision, Ball B moves to the right at 3 m/s. What is the velocity of Ball A after the collision? (Assume a frictionless surface.) (A) -10 m/s (B) -8.0 m/s (©) -5.0 mis (D) 2 m/s (©) 3mls A 140-kg fullback is running with the football at 10 m/s. A 70-kg defender runs at him in the opposite direction at 5 m/s. The defender wraps his arms around the fullback. What is the velocity of the two players after the collision? (Assume a frictionless surface.) (A) -10 mis (B) -5 mis (© Omls (D) 5mis (E) 10 m/s209. 210. 211. 212. Impulse, Linear Momentum, and Collisions « 57 There are two billiard balls each with a mass of 200 g. A pool player shoots Ball A with a velocity of 1.0 m/s at Ball B, which is at rest. After an elastic collision, Ball A stops and Ball B travels off in a straight line. What is the velocity of Ball B immediately after the collision? (A) -1.0 m/s (B) -0.2 m/s (C) Omis (D) 0.2 mis (E) 1.0 m/s A bullet has a mass of 50 g, and its momentum is 25 kg-m/s. What is the velocity of the bullet? (A) 2x 10° m/s (B) 5x10"! mis (C) 2.5 x10! m/s (D) 5x 10! m/s (E) 5x 10? m/s A firework shell reaches the top of its parabolic trajectory and explodes. What happens to the center of mass of the system of all the shell fragments? (A) Ir moves toward the largest fragment. (B) Ir moves toward the smallest fragment. (C) Ie continues to move in its original parabolic trajectory. (D) It curves upward before falling back down. (E)_ It moves into a larger parabolic trajectory than before. A 150-kg halfback is running down the field carrying the ball at a velocity of 5 m/s. A 50-kg linebacker from the opposing team is running at him in the opposite direction. The linebacker hopes to wrap him in a tackle with a perfectly inelastic collision. Is this possible, and if so, at what velocity must the linebacker run? (A) Yes, -15 m/s (B) Yes, 10 m/s (©) Yes, -5 m/s (D) Yes, 0 m/s (E) No, the linebacker cannot stop the fullback.58 > 500 AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day 213. A batter applies a constant force of 10.0 N over a period of 5.00 milliseconds 214. 215. 216. when he strikes a baseball. The mass of the baseball is 145 g. What is the magnitude of the velocity change of the baseball? (A) 0.100 m/s (B) 0.345 m/s (©) 0.500 m/s (D) 2.00 m/s (©) 2.90 mis What is the magnitude of the momentum of an electron moving at 90 percent of the speed of light? (A) 3.3.x 107! kg- m/s (B) 2.5.x 10°! kg- m/s (© 3.3.x 10 kg- m/s (D) 2.5 x 10 kg- m/s (BE) 3.3 107 kg- m/s ‘A 260-g cue ball moving at 1.0 m/s strikes a 150-g numbered ball at rest. ‘The collision is elastic and the cue ball stops. What is the speed of the numbered ball? (A) 0.6 mis (B) 1.2 mis (© 15 mis (D) 17 mis (E) 2.0 m/s A.750-kg aircraft is fying level at 100 m/s. A tailwind blows for 2 min, and the aircraft's speed increases to 120 m/s. What was the average force of the tailwind? (A) 125N (B) 250N (C) 2,500 N (D) 5,000 N (E) 7,500 NImpulse, Linear Momentum, and Collisions <¢ 59 217. This graph depicts the motion of a box being pushed across the floor. Which of the following statements describes the force upon the box? 10 a P (kg-m/s) t(s) (A) The force on the box is a constant 0.5 N. (B) The force on the box is a constant I N. (C) The force on the box is a constant 2 N. (D) The force on the box is 1 N and increasing. (E) The force on the box is 2 N and increasing. 218. A force of 2.0 N exerted on an object for 100 milliseconds increases the object's velocity by 1.0 m/s, What was the mass of the object? (A) 0.1 kg (B) 0.2kg (©) 1.0kg (D) 20 kg (E) 200 kg 219. A70.0-kg stuntman free-falls from a building for 2.5 s and hits an airbag. The airbag exerts a force on him over a time period of 2.0 s, and he comes to a complete stop. What was the approximate magnitude of the average force exerted by the airbag? (A) 100N (B) 280N (©) 480N (D) 880 N (E) 1,000N60 > 500 AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day 220. pei 70 60 50 40 30 p (kgm/s) 222. ‘Two railroad cars (2 x 10! kg each) are traveling in the same direction along a railroad track. Car A is traveling at 14 m/s, and Car B is traveling at 10 m/s. When Car A catches up with Car B, the two cars link together. What is the velocity of the combined cars after the collision? (A) 10 m/s (B) 12 m/s (© 14 mls (D) 20 mis (E) 24 mls This graph depicts the motion of a box being pushed across the floor. Which of the following statements describes the force upon the box? 5 t(s) (A) The force on the box is constant. (B) ‘The force on the box is decreasing. (C) The force on the box is increasing. (D) The acceleration of the box is constant. (E) The force on the box is zero. Two skaters, a 70-kg man and a 50-kg woman, are initially at rest on an ice rink and then “push off” from each other and move in opposite directions. After the push-off, the woman moves with a velocity of +2.5 m/s. What is the velocity of the man? (A) -2.5 m/s (B) -1.8 m/s (C) -1.3 mis (D) 0 m/s (B) 2.5 mis223. 224, 225. 226. Impulse, Linear Momentum, and Collisions < 61 A 0.5-kg object has a momentum of 10 kg- m/s. What is its speed? (A) 1.0 mis (B) 5.0 mis (©) 10 m/s (D) 20 mis (E) 50 mis A cue ball with a mass of 250 g travels at 1.0 m/s and hits a numbered ball with a mass of 170 g at rest. The numbered ball moves off at an angle of 45°, while the cue ball moves off at an angle of —45°. At what speeds do the balls move? (A) The cue ball and the numbered ball move at 1.0 m/s. (B) The cue ball moves at 1.0 m/s, and the numbered ball moves at 1.0 m/s. ‘The cue ball moves at 0.71 m/s, and the numbered ball moves at 0.71 m/s. (D) The cue ball moves at 1.04 m/s, and the numbered ball moves at 0.71 m/s. (E) The cue ball moves at 0.71 m/s, and the numbered ball moves at 1.04 m/s. c A 2,000-kg airplane flies at 343 m/s. What is its momentum? (A) 0.17 kg: m/s (B) 5.8 kg-m/s (C) 6,900 kg- m/s (D) 6.9 x 104 kg: m/s (E) 6.9 x 10° kg- m/s A marksman fires a 7.5-g bullet from a loosely held 1.2-kg handgun. ‘The bullet travels away at +365 m/s. At what velocity does the handgun recoil? (A) -2.3 m/s (B) -1.2 m/s (C) Oms (D) +1.2 m/s (E) 42.3 m/s62 > 500AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day 227. 228. 229. 230. 231. Two 500-g carts move on a frictionless air track. Cart A is moving at +0.1 m/s when it collides into Cart B at rest. The two carts get stuck together. At what velocity will the combined carts move? (A) -0.1 m/s (B) -0.05 m/s (©) Omls (D) +0.05 m/s (©) +0.1 m/s A rifle fires a 4.0-g bullet at a velocity of 950 m/s. If the bullet is in the rifle barrel for only 0.1 s, what average force does the rifle exert on the bullet? (A) 18N (B) 28N (©) 38N (D) 48N (E) 58N A 1,000-kg cannon fires a 15-kg cannonball. The cannon is mounted on a low-friction carriage that allows it to recoil at —1.5 m/s. What is the speed of the cannonball? (A) 10 m/s (B) 50 m/s (© 100 mis (D) 200 mis (E) 500 mis A 5-kg cart moving with a kinetic energy of 18 joules has an elastic collision with a 10-kg cart at rest. What is the kinetic energy of the system of both carts after the collision? (A) 9J (B) 12) (© 18) (D) 27J (E) 36J Which of the following has the greatest magnitude of momentum? (A) A500-kg car moving at 40 m/s (B) A 30,000-kg dump truck at rest (©) A 1,000-kg SUV moving at 25 m/s (D) A proton moving at 90 percent of the speed of light (E) A 90,000,000-kg aircraft carrier moving at 2 cm/s232. 233. 234, 235. Impulse, Linear Momentum, and Collisions « 63 ‘The momentum change of an object exactly equals which of the following? (A) The force acting on the object (B) The velocity change of the object (C) The product of force and the time the force acts (D) The product of force and the change in velocity (E) The ratio of net force and mass Ina particular crash safety test, engineers study what happens when cars hit solid walls. Which of the following observations best indicates that LESS force is exerted on the car? (A) The car hits the wall and bounces back. (B) The car crushes during the collision. (C) The crash dummy flies through the windshield, (D) ‘The front seat airbags are deployed. (E) The wall crumbles upon collision. A 10-kg cart moving to the right at 5 m/s has a head-on collision with a 5-kg cart moving to the left at 7 m/s. If the carts stick together, what is the velocity of the combination? (A) 1 mi/sto the right (B) 1 misto the left (©) 7 misto the right (D) 9 mis to the right (E) 9 misto the left ‘A 4-kg cart moving to the right with 18 J of kinetic energy has a head-on collision with a 2-kg cart moving to the left with 1 J of kinetic energy. After the collision, the 4-kg cart continues moving to the right, but its kinetic energy decreases to 2 J. The 2-kg cart is driven to the right, but its kinetic energy increases to 9 J. Which of the following is true about this collision? (A) This is an inelastic collision that demonstrates momentum conservation. (B) This is an clastic collision that demonstrates momentum conservation. (C)_ This is an inelastic collision where momentum is not conserved. (D) This is an clastic collision where momentum is not conserved. (E) This is a perfectly inelastic collision in which energy is conserved.64 > 500AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day 236. 237. 238. Which of the following results in the cannonball leaving a cannon with the least velocity? (A) Increase the strength of the gravitational field (B) Increase the explosive force pushing the cannonball (©) Decrease the friction in the barrel (D) Decrease the mass of the ball (keeping its size the same) (E) Decrease the length of the cannon barrel Measurements and calculations from a slow motion video show a 50.0-g ball hitting the ground at +5.0 m/s and bouncing back up at —4.0 m/s. By how much did the ball’s momentum change? (A) 0.05 kg: m/s (B) 0.45 kg- m/s (C) 0.00 kg- m/s (D) -0.45 kg: m/s (E) 0.05 kg- m/s The video camera used in the experiment in the question above has a frame rate of 30 pictures per second. In the video, the ball makes contact with the floor for three frames. What is the average force that the ball exerts on the floor? (A) 47.2N (B) +4.5N (© -5.0N (D) -4.5N (®) -72N Multi-select: For questions 239-243, two of the suggested answers will be correct. Select the two best answers, and record them both on the answer sheet. 239. Which of the following may be modeled as an elastic collision? (A) A ball bounces as high as it’s dropped. (B)_ Two cars experience a head-on collision. (©) A piece of soft clay hits a wall and sticks. (D) A moving cart stops as it hits and pushes a resting cart away at the same speed. (E) A moving train car links to a resting car, and the combination moves off at a slower speed.240. 241. 242. 243. Impulse, Linear Momentum, and Collisions « 65 Which of the following are FALSE statements for an isolated system of two colliding objects? (A) The momentum is the same before and after an elastic collision. (B) The motion center of mass is the same before and after the collision. (C) The momentum differs before and after an inelastic collision. (D) The kinetic energy is the same before and after an elastic collision. (E) The kinetic energy is the same before and after an inelastic collision. ‘When a bat hits a soft tee ball at rest, which of the following will increase the momentum of the tee ball? (A) The bat contacts the ball for twice the time with half the force. (B) The bat contacts the ball for the same amount of time but exerts a greater force on the ball. (C) The bat hits the ball with the same force but contacts it for a greater time. (D) The bat hits the ball with the same force and contacts it for less time. (E) The bat hits the ball with less force and contacts it for the same time. Which of the following are NOT necessary to determine the momentum of an object at a particular instant? (A)_ Its acceleration (B) Its speed (C) Iss direction of motion (D) Its mass (E) Its gravitational potential energy The momentum of a system is NOT conserved in which of the following scenarios? (A) An elastic collision within a two-cart system (B) A net force acting on the system (©) An inelastic collision within a two-cart system (D) An explosion within a system (E)_ The center of mass of a system accelerating66 > 500 AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day Free Response: A 2.0-kg box is initially moving at +3.0 m/s and is pushed along a horizontal, frictionless surface with a force that varies with time according to the following graph: Net Force vs. Time 257 Force (N) o + -10 -is | Time (seconds) 244, Qualitatively describe what happens to the motion of the box in the following time intervals: 0-2 s, 2-4 s, and 4-7 s. 245, Calculate the momentum change of the box during each second of elapsed time. 246. Plot the velocity versus time graph for this motion. 247. At the 7-second clock reading, the box collides with a wall and bounces backward at 6 m/s. Given that the box is in contact with the wall for 0.20 s, calculate the average force that the wall exerts on the box. Free Response: An 800.0-kg car is traveling along a wet road at a velocity of 25.5 m/s. A 1,000.0-kg car is traveling along the same road in the same direction at 34.7 m/s. The two cars collide and lock together. Answer the following questions. 248. The two interlocked cars proceed at what velocity after the collision? 249. Compare the kinetic energy of the two-car system immediately before the collision and after the collision. 250. Discuss any transfer of energy that occurs, and explain whether this is an elastic or inelastic collision. 251, If the coefficient of sliding friction between the tires of the cars and the wet pavement is 0.7, calculate the force of friction. 252, How long does it take for the two interlocked cars to come to a complete stop on the wet pavement?Work, Energy, and Conservation of Energy 253. A70-kg man runs at a constant velocity of 2 m/s. What is his kinetic energy? 254, 255. (A) 35J (B) 70J (©) 105) (D) 140) (E) 210) A 10-N force is applied horizontally on a box to move it 10 m across a frictionless surface. How much work was done to move the box? (A) 0J (B) 10J (C) 50J (D) 100J (E) 1,000) A constant net force of 500 N moves a 1,000-kg car 100 m. If the car was initially at rest, then what is the car's final velocity? (A) I mis (B) 5 mis (© 10 m/s (D) 20 m/s (E) 100 mis68 > 500 AP Physics 1 Questions to Know by Test Day 256. 257. 258. 259. 260. A mover uses a pulley system to lift a grand piano with a mass of 500 kg from the ground to a height of 10 m. What is the change in the piano’s gravitational potential energy? (A) 5x 10?) (B) 5x 10°J (©) 5x 1047 (D) 5x 10°J (E) 5x 10°] A boy pulls a 10-kg box across an ice rink for a distance of 50 m. He exerts a constant force of 10 N on a rope attached to the box at an angle of 60°. How much work has he done on the box? (A) 50J (B) 100J (© 200J (D) 250) (©) 500) A 5-kg box slides down a frictionless incline from a vertical height of 10 m. The box starts from rest. What is the box’s velocity at the bottom of the hill? (A) Smis (B) 10 mis (© 14mis (D) 24 mis (E) 30 mis An archer pulls a bowstring back a distance of 20 cm with an average force of 75 N. ‘The arrow has a mass of 20.0 g. When he releases the string, what is the velocity of the arrow when it leaves the bow? (A) 1.2 m/s (B) 22 m/s (©) 32 mis (D) 39 mis (BE) 42 m/s A 1,000-kg car traveling at 30 m/s skids 10 m before it stops. What magnitude of force is the frictional force on the car? (A) 15x 10°N (B) 3.0 x 10?N (C) 45x 103N (D) 1.5x104N (E) 45x 104N

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