-

DELHI UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION PAPERS

GENERIC ELECTIVE FOR HONS. COURSES - 2016
GE-2 LINEAR ALGEBRA, SEMESTER-II (CBCS)

Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 75

Attempt all questi ons by select ing any two parts from each questi on.
1. (a) If x and y are vector s in R", then prove that :
( i) IX . y\ ~ \\ X \\ II y \\
(ii) \\ X + y \\ ~ II X \\ + \\ y II (4 + 2)
(b) Let x and y be non-ze ro vector s in IR", then prove that : x · y = llx 11 IIY II if and only if y is
a positive scalar multip le of x.
(6)
(c) Solve the follow ing system of linear equati ons using Gauss -Jorda n metho
d.
X 1 + 2x + 3x = 6
2 3
. 2x 1 - 3x2 + 2x3 = 14
3x l + x2 - x3 = --2 (6)

2. lj =l !1
(a) Consider the matrix A - Determine ~heth er the vector [4, 0, -3] is in

the row space of A. If so, then expres s [4, 0, -3] as a linear combi nation of
the rows of A.

. l J
( b) Prove that the matrix A =
4
6
-2 · 0
o -2
2 - 6 is simila r to a diagon al matrix.
1
(4 + 2.5)

(6.5)

( c) (i) Let V be a vector space over 1R, then for any vector v in V, prove
that
Ov = 0 and (- l)v = -v.
(ii) Solve for the eigens pace E;. corres pondin g to the eigenvalue
A= -1 for the matrix

-5- 8 23 OJ

forms a basis for 1R3 ?

A=
4 -2 -1 l 0 .

3.(a) Prove that the set S = {[1, 3, -1], [2, 7, - 3), [4, 8, -7)} spans 1R 3 •
(3 + 3.5)

Exarnine whether S
(4 + 2)
(b) Find a basis and the dimen sion for the subsp ace W of
JR 3 spann ed by the set
s = {[3, 2, 1}, [1, 2, o), [-1, 2, -1)} of three vectors. (6)
E2 linea r Al
gebra
(c) Let S = {[I, _ I] , [2 , I]} and r
= {[3, ~], [4, - 1]} _be two order ed base~ for IR2. Cornpute
the transition matrix Ps ~- T from T-bas1s to S-bas1s. Henc e or
other wise deterrnine the
transition matrix from S-basis to the T-basis.
(4 + l )

4.(a) Let A be 3 x 3 matrix :

3 -1 2]
7
[ 2
1
l
3 . Verify that : Rank (A) + Nulli ty (A)= 3. Hence or
8
otheiw ise exam ine wheth er the homo geneo us system Ax = 0 has
a non-t rivial solution ?
(4 + 2.5)
(b) Suppose L: IR 3 ➔ IR 3 is a linear transformation with L([l, 0, OJ)=
(-2, 1, O], L([O, I, O]) ===
[3, -2, l] and L([O, 0, l]) = [O, --1, 3]. Find L([-3 , 2, 4]). Also,
give a formula for
L([x, y, z]), for any [x, y, z] e IR 3 •
(4 + 2.5)
(c) Let L : IR 2 ➔ IR 2 be the linear opera tor that perfo rms a count ercloc
kwise rotati on through
an angle 30°. Find the matrix A for L with respe ct to the stand ard
order ed basis for JR 2.
Henc e or otherw ise find the matrix, for L with respe ct to the basis
{[4, -3], [3, -2]},
simila r to A.
( 4 + 2.S)
5.(a) Show that the linear transformation L : IR 2 ➔ IR 3 given by

is one-to-one but not onto.

(6)
(b) Let W be the subsp ace of lR 3 whos e vecto rs lie in the plane
2x - 2y + z = 0. Let
v = [l, -4, 3] e lR 3 • Decom pose v into w + w , where
1 2 w 1 e Wand w e w.1. Is the
decomposition unique ? 2
( 6)
(c) Prove that the least-squares solution v for the linear sysyem Ax=
b, where

A =[ : -n b = [ ~]

satisf ies I Av - b I ,; I Az - b II, where z

6.(a) For the adjoin ing graphic (Fig. E 1), use homogeneous
= [: J
1 (6)
coordinates to find the new vertices
after perfo rming a reflection about the line y = 4x - 10. Then Sketc
h the final figure that
would result from this movement.
(4 + 2.5)
( b) Let L : IR 3 ➔ IR 3 be the linear operator given by

J[l :: JJ l-~ -~ ~ Jl: J.

X3
=
3 -3
-1
15 X3
(4 + 2.5)
 E3
Examination Papers
sion theorem.
Find a basis for ker(L) and a basis for range(L), also verify the dimen

9 ( 10, 8)
8
7
6 (7, 6 ) ~ - - - - ~ ( 1 3 , 6)
5
4
3 (7,3 )--- --(1 3.3 )
2
l
0-1--- 11---1 --t--+ --+-+- -+---+ --+--+ --+--+ ---....
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 J 12 13
FIGU RE: E 1
R.3, find a basis for the
(c) For the subsp ace W = {[x, y, z] E JR : 2x - 5y + z = O} of
3
(4 + 2.5)
ortho gonal comp lemen t w.1 and verify that dim(ff') + dim(W.1) = dim(
JR 3).
 DELHI UNI VER SIT Y EXA MIN ATI ON PAP ERS
GENERIC ELE CTI VE FOR HO NS. CO URS ES
- 2017
GE-2 LIN EAR ALG EBR A, SEM EST ER- II (CB
CS)
Time : 3 Ho11rs .
Atte mpt all ques tion s by sele ctin g any two part Max im~ ,,, Marks :
s from each ques tion . 7
S
1. (a) If x and y are vect ors in JR n, then prov e that :
(i) llx + yf = llxl12 + IIYll2 if and only x · y =
0.

(ii) X. y = ~ (11 X + y 11 2 - II x- Yll

2
).
(3 + 3)
( b)Let x and y be non- zero vect ors in JR n, then prov
e that : I~ + YII = 1~11 + llvll if and only if
y = ex, for som e c > 0.
(c) Usin g Gau ss-Jo rdan meth od, find the com (6)
plete solu tion set for the follo wing system of
hom ogen eous linea r equa tion :
4x 1 - 8x2 - 2.x3 = 0
3x 1 - 5x2 - 2x = 0
3
2x1 - 8x2 +x3 = 0.
(6)
2. (a) Find the redu ced row eche lon form matr ix
B of the follo wing mat rix:

0 -20 ]
0 11
1 -15
and then give a sequ ence of row oper ation s that
conv erts B back to A. (4 + 2½)
(b) Find the char acte risti c poly nom ial and
eige nval ues of the matr ix :

A=[-:
Is A diag onal izab le ? Justify.
~! -;J
(4 + 2½)
(c) Let V be the set JR. 2 with oper atio ns
addi tion and scal ar mul tipli catio n for x, y, w,
and a in JR defi ned by : z

[ x, y] EB [ w, z] = [x + li: - 2, y + z + 3], and

a 0 [ x, y] = [ax -
2a + 2, ay + 3a - 3].
Prov e that Vis a vect or spac e over JR. Find the
zero vect or in V and the addi tive inverse
of each vect or in V.
(4 + 2½)
J. (a) Prov e that the set S = {[3, 1, - I] , [5, 2, -
2], [2, 2, - 1]} is linea rly inde pend ent in lR 3-
Exa min e whe ther S form s a basi s for JR 3 ? 2
(4 + )
 • p pers
Examination a
. .· . d the di m en si.on ES
(b) Fmd a basis an for th e su bs pa ce W of. 3 •
. 1R de fi ne d by .
w = \l x, y, z) e IR3 : 2 x
-3 y + z = 0 ) .
(c) Lets = {ll, 2) , (0 (6 )
, 1)) an d T = {l l, 1),
l2 , 3)) be tw o or de re
Find the coordinate ve d ba se s for JR 2• Le t v=
ctor (v]s an d he nc e fi [l , 5].
nd (v1r us in g th e tr an

rc;f\y-h::o(Ifslfilear system
S-basis to the T-basis si tio n m at ri x Q T ~ s
. fr om

4. (a ) Using~. :n~ (3 + 3)

Ax = b, wh~e :
has a solution or not.
(b) Suppose L : IR. 3 ➔ lR. 2
is a lin ea r transf01mat (6 ½ )
= [- 1, 3] andL((O, 1, 0) ) ion w ith L (( l, -1 , 0)
= (0, 1) . Fi nd L (( -1 , l, 2) ) = (2, 1), L((O , 1, -1 ))
for any [x, y, z) E lR.3 ). A ls o, give a fo rm ul
. a fo r L( (x , y, z)),
(c) L et L : IR. 2 ➔ lR. 2 be th (4 + 2½ )
e lin ea r op er at or give
for L with respect to n by L((x, y) ) = (2 x- y,
th e ba si s {(4, -1 ), (- x - 3y). Fi nd th e m at ri
7, 21} us in g th e m et ho x
d of similarity. ( 6½
)
5. (a ) Consider th e linear tra
ns fo rm at io n L : P ➔ l
1R de fi ne d by L (p (x
is th e ve ct or space of
2
po ly no m ia ls of de gr
)) = j p( x) dx , w he re P
2
on e- to -o ne . ee 2 or le ss . Sh ow
th af L is on to bu t no
t
(b ) Le t W be the subspa
ce of lR.3 w ho se vect (6 )
m in im um distance fr ors lie in th e pl an e
om th e po in t P(- 6, 10 2x + y + z = 0. Fi nd th e
(c) , 5) to W.
Fi nd a le as t squares so
lution fo r th e lin ea r sy (6 )
st em A x= b, w he re :
\ l -1 \

6. (a ) U se th e simila
A =L ! ~ 1·
rity m et ho d to sh ow th
(6 )
0 = 90 °, fo llo w ed by at a ro ta tio n ab ou t the
a reflection ab ou t th e po in t (1, - 1) th ro ug h
lin e x = l is represen an angle
ted by th e m at rix

(b ) Le t L : p ➔ lR.2 be th e
2
~~ ~ -n
linear transformation
(6 ½ )

is th e ve ct or space of given by : L (p (x )) =
polynomials of de gr ee (p (l ), p' (l )] , w he re P
fo r range(L) , an d also 2 or less. Fi nd a ba si
verify the dimension s for ker(L) an d a basi 2
theorem. s
(c ) Fo r th e su bs pa ce W = {[x, y, \ (4 + 2½ )
co m pl em en t W.L an d z] e 1R 3 : 3x - y +
verify that dim(W) + 4z = O} of JR 3, find the orthogon
di m (W .L) = dim( JR 3). al
(4 + 2½)
Examination Pap ers
ES
(b ) Find a basis and the dim ensi on for the
subs pace W of lR 3 defi ned by :
W = l(x, y , z) E IR 3 : 2x - 3y + z = o}. (6)
(c) Let S = {[1, 2) , (0, 1)}
and T =t( l, 1),( 2,3) ) betw oord ered base sfor 2
JR . Let v = [l , 5].
Find the coordinate vect or [v] and hen ce find
8 [v] r usin g the tran sitio n mat rix Qr +- s from
S-basis to the T-basis.
(3 + 3)
4, (a) Using rank, find whe ther the non-hom
ogeneous linear system Ax= b, where :

A J ~ -~ ~I, J: l b
l2
has a solu tion or not.
-1 7J l6J
(6½ )
(b) Suppose L: lR 3 ➔ 1R2 is a line ar tran sfor
mat ion with L([ l, -1, O]) = [2, l], L([O, 1, -1])
= (-1, 3] and L([O, 1, O]) = (0, l]. Find L((- 1, l,
2]). Also, give a formula for L([x , y, z]),
for any (x, y, z] E JR 3 .
(4 + 2½)
(c) Let L: R 2 ➔ 1R2 be the line ar oper ator give
n by L((x, y]) = [2x -y, x-3 y]. Find the matrix
for L with resp ect to the basi s {(4, -1), (- 7, 21}
usin g the met hod of similarity. (6½ )
l
5. (a) Con side r the line ar tran sfor mat ion L:
p 2 ➔ JR defined by L(p (x)) = p(x) dx, where
J P2
is the vect or spac e of poly nom ials of degr ee
2 or less . Sho w thar L is onto but not
one- to-o ne.
(6)
(b) Let W be the subs pace of JR 3 who se vect
ors lie in the plane 2x + y + z = 0. Find the
min imu m dist ance from the poin t P(-6 , 10, 5)
to W. (6)
(c) Find a leas t squa res solu tion for the linear
system Ax= b, where :

A=b -n b=u1-
6. (a) Use the similarity met hod to show that a rotation about the point (1, -1) thro
(6)

e = 90°, followed by a reflection about the line x = 1 is represented by ugh an angle

the matrix

(b)
• h · 2 f poly
u~ -n
Let L . p ➔ 1R2 be the linear transformation give
nom ials
(6½ )

n by: L(p (x)) = [p(l ),p'( l)], where ~2

1st e vector space o of degr ee 2 or less. Find a basis for ker(L) and a basis
for range(L), and also verify the d1m. . (4 + 2½)
ens10n the~rem.
_ {[ y z] e 1R3 · 3x - y + 4z = O} of JR.3,
(c) For the subspace W - x, · · . .
find the orthogon al
complement w.1. and verify that dim(W) + d1m(W.1.) = d1m( 1R 3). ,
(4 + 2 ½)
 DELHI UNIVERSITY EXA MIN ATI ON PAP ERS
GENERIC ELECTIVE FOR HON S. COU RSE S - 2018
GE-2 LIN EAR ALG EBR A, SEM EST ER- II (CB CS)
Time : 3 Hours
Max imum Marks :
Attempt all questions by selecting any two parts from each ques 75
tion.
t. (a) (i) Ifxa ndya reve ctors in JRn, then prov etha tllx+ yll~ llxll+
IIYII -Also ,verif yitfo r
the vecto rs x = [-1, 4, 2, 0, -3] andy = [2, 1, --4, -1, O]
in JR 5 .
(ii) If x and y are non-z ero vecto rs in Rn such that x • Y
> 0, then prove that angle
betw een x and y is acute.
(6)
(b) (i) Defin e the proje ction vecto r of a vecto r b onto a vecto r
a (whe re a is a non-zero
vecto r).
(ii)
For vecto rs a= [2, -3, 4] and b = [-6, 2, 7], find proj b and
0 verif y that b - projah is
ortho gona l to a.
(6)
(c) Solve the follow ing syste m of equat ions, using Gaus s-Jor
dan Redu ction meth od:
4x 1 - 2x 2 - 6x3 = 18
X l + x - 3x
2 3 = 15
2x 1 - 4x 3 = 16.
(6)
2. (a) Deter mine whet her the vecto r v = [2, 2, -3] is in
the row space of the matri x (6.5)

A= H-~ !]
( b) Diagonalize the matrix A = r-~ -~·-:] . (
(c) (i)
l 3 -4 7
Find the eigen space E,.,_ corre spond ing to eigen value 'A, =
6.5)

6 for the matrix

A= [12 -51]
2 -11
(ii) Prove that the subse t

A= {[ a, b, ; - 2b]: a, b E JR} of JR' is a subsp ace of JR 3 . (6.5)

l 2 -1]
3. (a) Cons ider the matrix A= 2
l
5
-1
-4
3 .
3
£.wimination Papers E7
Using rank of A, determine whether the homogeneous system Ax= O has a nontrivial
solution or not. (6)
'
(b) Use Simplified Span Method to find a simplified general form for all the vectors in span (S),
where S= {[l, -1, l], [2, -3, 3], [O, 1, - 1]} is a subset of JR 3• (6)

(c) LetB= {[2,3,0, - 1],[-l , l, 1,-1]} andS= {(1,4, 1,-2],[-l, 1, 1,-1],[3, 2,-l,O],
[2, 3, 0, -1]}.

(i) Show that Bis a maximal independent subset of S.

(ii) Calculate dim(span(S)).

(iii) Does span(S) = R 4 ? Why or why not? (6)

4. (a) (i) Show that the mapping/: R 2 ➔ R 2 given by f(x, y) = (x + ky, y) is a linear operator.
(ii) Let Vbe a vector space, and let x -:t- 0 be a fixed vector in V. Prove that the translation
function/: V ➔ V given by /(v) = v +xis not linear. (6.S)
2
(b) Let S =-{[l, 2], [O, l]} and T = {[l, 1], [2, 3]} be bases for JR •
Let v = [l, 5] and w = [5, 4].
(i) Find the coordinate vectors of v and w with respect to the basis T.
(ii) What is the transition matrix Ps ~ r from the basis T to the basis S.
(iii) Find the coordinate vectors of v and w with respect to S using Ps ~ r · (6.5)

(c) Suppose L : R 3 ➔ JR 3 is a linear operator and L[(l , 0, O)] = f;-3, 2, 4!, L[(O, l , O)]
= [5, - 1, 3] and L[(O, o, 1)] = [-4, O, - 2]. Find L[(x, y, z)], for [x, y, z] E JR and als~:;~
L[(6, 2, - 7)].

5. (a) For the linear transformation L : lR ➔ lR given by:

3 3

L == l:~J ~I_!l
x
3
1 -1
•
~ -:1l:J
iJ x,J 'fy th Dimension Theorem.
(6)

. d a basis for range(L ). Also, ven e .

Find a basis for ker(L) an d. t find the new vertices after
h. homogeneous coor mates o d. f t
( b) For the adjoining grap ic, usle &. t of 2 in the x-direction and l/3 in they- tree 1(061).
R 4) with sea e iac ors
scaling about ( ' - - h would result from this movement.
Also, sketch the tma\ figure t at
ER

12
11 (8, 11)
10
9 (5, 9).:..._-....,. (8, 9)
8
7
6
5
4 (5, 4)
(ll , 4)
3
2
I

oL11,.....-+2--+-3--+-4-+s-,6H7-+8---t9-:t::10~11-1t2-•
FIGURE: E 2

(c) For W= span{[!, -2, -1 ], [3, -1, Ol) in JR3 and v = [-I, 3, 2], decompose v into"', + w ,
1
where "', e Wand"', E W . Is the decomposition unique ? (6)
JR' ➔
1
6. (a) Let£: JR'be a linear transfonnation given by:

L(v) == Av, where A== 0 1 3

I O 3]
[0 0 I
Is L an isomorphism ? Justify your answer.

(b) Find a basis for the orthogonal complement W1 of the subspace (6.5)
W= {[x,y, z] E JR': 2x-- 2y+ z =OJ of JR 3 and Verify that dim(W) + dim(W ) =dim( IR ).
1 3

(c) Find Least Sqnares solution to the inconsistent system Ax= b, where (6.5)

A= [! !] and 6= rn
(6.5)
 \j

DELHI UNIVERSITY EXAM

INATION PAPERS
GENERIC ELECTIVE FOR
HONS. COURSES - 2019
GE-2 LINEAR ALGEBRA, SE
MESTER-II (CBCS)
r,,ne: 3 Hours
Attempt all questions by selectin Maximum Marks : 75
g any two parts fro m each ques
tion.
1. (a) If x an d y are ve cto rs
in 'IR.3 , the n pr ov e tha t \\x\\
- \\y\\ ~ \\x + y\\ ~ \\x\\ + \\y\\. (6.5)
(b) Let x an d y be no nz ero
ve cto rs in 'IR.3 . lf x •y ~ 0,
the n pro ve tha t \\x - y\\ > \\x
conve'rse tru e ? Justify.
\\. Is the
-
(c) Solve the fol low ing sy ste (_6.5) __
m of lin ea r eq ua tio ns , us ing
the Gauss-Jordan me tho d :
2x l + X2 + 3x = 16
3
2xl + ri.."'(3 - Sx4 = 5
3x 1 + 2x2 + x = 16.
4
(6.5)

l. (a) Define the rank of a matri

x and determine the rank of ~ 24 -2-1 -1 1~
-1 0 . (6)
6 -4 -2 s·

( b) Pr ov e tha t the matrix\ :l - ~ - ~\ ca nn ot the diagonalized

(c) Le t V be a ve cto r sp ac
L~8 2 ~~
. (6)

e ov er 1R, the n for any vecto

nu mb er a, pr ov e tha t av = r v and V and every nonzero
0 if an d only if v = 0. real

3. (a ) L et s= t~ ~)' ~~ -~)' (_~ :J\

Si mp lif ied Sp an M eth od to
be a subset of 2 x 2 real ma
find a simplified form for the
trices. Use tbe
(6)

lin ea rly ind ep en de nt? Justify vectors m span(S). ls the set

S
.
(b ) De fm e a ba sis for a ve · (6.5)
cto r space. Show that the set
· · f m3
B = {l- 1, 2, - 31, (3, 1, 41, (2, - 1,
61}
1s a ba sis or JL'\I,. •

(c) Us ing ran k, fin d wh eth (6.5)

er the non-homogeneous linear
system Ax = b, where

has a so\ution or no t. lf so , fin

d the solution. (6. 5)
 E IO
Lin ear Al
4. ( a ) Consid erth eor der edb asi sS = {[J ,0, l],[ J , J, O],[ 1]} ti 3 . geb,.Q
bas is T for IR J such that the transitio O, O, . or IR . Fmdanotherorct
n mat rix from T to S rs :
erect

p S +- T =[
-]
~ :
-1
~J-
] (6)
(b) Sup pos e L: IR2 ➔ JR 2 is a line ar ope
rato r and ~([1~ 1]) = [1 , -3] and L([
Express L([ l , O]) and L([O, 1]) as line -2, 3]) === [--4, l].
ar com bm atro ns of the vec tors [I ,
OJ and [O, 1].
(c) Let L : IR 3 ➔ .IR 2 be the linear tran sfor (6)
mat ion giv en by
L[( x, y, x)] = [-2 x + 3z, x + 2y -
z]
Find the matrix for L with resp ect to
the bas s :
B = {[1 , -3, _2], [-4 , 3, -3] , [2, -3,
2]} for JR 3
and C = {(-2 , -1] , [5, 3]} for .JR 2 •
(6.5 )
5. (a) For the gra phi c figure belo
w, use hom oge neo us coo rdin ates to
per form ing a sca ling abo ut the poi nt fmd the new vertices after
I (3, 3) wit h sca le fac tors of 3 in the
in the y-d irec tion . The n sketch the x-d irec tion and 2
fmal figure tha t wo uld res ult fro m
this mo vem ent :
(6.5)

8
7
6
5 (2, 5)
4
3
(7, 3)
2
I (2, I)
0
123456 78
( b) Let L : JR 3 ➔ .JR 3 be the line ar FIG UR E: E 3
ope rato r giv en by :

L = [i] [I i =I][~]
= (6.5)
Fin d a bas is for ker (L) and a bas is
for ran ge( L). Als o, ver ify the Dim
(c) Sho w tha t a ma ppi ng L ens ion The ore m.
: P 2 ➔ P giv en by L(p (x)) =
wh ere P is the vec tor spa ce of all 2 p(x ) + ·p'( x) is an isom orp hism
2 pol yno mia ls of deg ree ~ 2. ,
(6.5 )
 E 11
Examination Papers
- y + 4z = O. Let
be the subspace of 1R whose vectors lie in the plane 3x
3
6. (a) Let W
v = (2, 3, -31 E 1R.3. Find projwi.v, and decompose
v into w 1 + w2 , where w 1 E Wand
(6)
w2 E W .L. ls the decomposition unique ?
1R3, find a basis for Wand the
(b) For the subspace W = {lx, y, z) E 1R : 2x - 3y + z ·= O} of
3

.L) = dim( JR3). ( 6)

orthogonal complement W.L. Also verify that dim( W) + dim( W

(c) If A ~ ~~' ~~
~: - b- \ z- l_\} Find vector v satisfying the inequality

(6)
\\Av - b\\ ~ \\Az - b\\.