Nursing Research 1 P3 LQ

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Multiple Choice Questions

36 of 50 points
To avoid threats to validity, a researcher must identify, plan for, and
control: *
1/1
Independent variables.
Unexpected findings.
The control group.
Extraneous variables.

Drivers of quality are *

1/1
nurses and physicians
regulators.
payers.
B and C

All staff have been employed on this unit and working together for at
least six months. All the staff caregivers deliver conscientious quality
care each day. Part of their caregiving plan follows a special protocol
that the group developed (based on research about nosocomial
infections in the NICU). The plan includes careful hand washing,
careful adherence to sterile technique and universal precautions,
careful adherence to proper equipment use, and careful observation
of all caregiver behaviors to be sure they are aligned with agreed
upon standards of care. Disagreements occur and are discussed and
resolved at team meetings. When illness requires a change in staff
work days, someone willingly pitches in to cover, they celebrate
holidays and birthdays, they do their homework, and they work
together to screen new applicants for open positions to protect the
collaborative culture and effective caregiving model they have
developed. This group best exemplifies what stage of group
development? *
1/1
Norming
Forming
Storming
Performing

What must a nurse do to use research in practice? *

0/1
Examine a research study and follow the researcher's recommendations.
Read many studies in the same content area and follow the recommendations of the studies with
similar findings.
Explore the strength of the evidence available.
Replicate studies in their own settings to make sure recommendations are contextually
appropriate.
SITUATION: A hypothesis is an educated guess, which is formulated
and provisionally adopted to explain observed facts or conditions and
to guide further investigation. You are studying the level of anxiety of
surgical patients. You formulated the following hypothesis: there is a
difference in the level of anxiety of pre-surgical patients who receive
pre-operative instruction and patients who receive no instruction pre-
operatively Identify, which is the independent variable: *
1/1
Surgical Patients
Level of Anxiety- high or low
Presence of pre-op instruction
Anxiety

Which research hypothesis is most testable? *

1/1
There is a relationship between meditation and anxiety disorders.
Patients with anxiety disorders who learn meditation techniques have less anxiety than those who
do not.
Teaching one meditation technique to patients with anxiety disorders will be better than teaching
multiple techniques.
The ability to meditate causes lower anxiety in patients with anxiety disorder than those who do
not meditate.

When should a hypothesis be developed by the researcher during the

research process? *
0/1
Before development of the research question
After development of the research question
After a research design is determined
Before any statistical analysis

The primary reason to conduct a performance appraisal is: *

1/1
constructive feedback.
coaching.
identification.
punishment.

What should the purpose statement in a research study not do? *

1/1
Reflect the biases and values of the researcher
State the specific goals of the study
Serve as the basis for generation of research objectives, questions, or hypotheses
Serve as a basis for selection of a research design and analysis strategies

Which of the following is an example of a primary source in a

research study? *
1/1
A published commentary on the findings of another study
A doctoral dissertation that critiques all research in the area of attention deficit disorder
A textbook of medical-surgical nursing
A journal article about a study that used large, previously unpublished databases generated by
the United States census

Which one of the following is true about both nonprobability sampling

techniques and probability sampling techniques? *
0/1
Nonprobability sampling techniques are more rigorous.
Each element has an equal chance of being included in the study with either technique.
Probability sampling more likely results in a representative sample.
Generalizability of findings is not possible with either technique.

A potential participant for the study refused to join in the research at

first, but later on agreed after being promised to be given a generous
amount of money for participating in the study. What is described in
the situation? *
0/1
A normal agreement between the researcher and the participants.
A form of punishment to the participant.
A form of coercion.
Violation to the right of the participants from exploitation.

Which one of the following statements about hypotheses is most

accurate? *
0/1
Hypotheses represent the main idea to be studied and are the foundations of research studies.
Hypotheses help frame a test of the validity of a theory.
Hypotheses provide the means to test nursing theory.
A hypothesis can also be called a problem statement.

Alexandra decides to have a decentralized staffing system. Which of

the following is an advantage of this system of staffing? *
1/1
Greater control of activities
Conserves time
Compatible with computerization
Promotes better interpersonal relationship

After her evaluation a staff nurse exclaims: "I'm not sure if my

manager knows much about my performance, really. He only had
three specific examples to give me, two good and one to work on and
they all happened in the last month. I don't feel like he can see the
whole picture." What kind of performance appraisal rating does this
statement exemplify? *
1/1
Leniency error
Absolute judgment
Recency error
Halo error

Beta research group formulated the research problem: What is the

relative effectiveness of patient-controlled antiemetic therapy versus
nurse-controlled antiemetic therapy with regard to (a) medication
consumption and (b) control of nausea and vomiting in patients on
chemotherapy? Identify the independent variable. *
1/1
Medication consumption
Control of nausea and vomiting
Antiemetic therapy
Chemotherapy

Which term below is used to indicate a phenomenon that cannot be

directly observed but must be inferred by certain concrete or less
abstract indicators of the phenomenon? An example would be
wellness or self-esteem. *
0/1
Theory
Proposition
Construct
Concept

Monette wants to know if the length of time she will study for the
board examination is proportional to her board rating. During the
December 2007 board examination, she studied for six months and
gained 68%. On June 2008 board exam, she studied for 6 months
again for a total of one year and gained 74%. On November 2008, she
studied for 6 months for a total of one and a half year and gained
82%. The research design she used is: *
1/1
Comparative
Correlational
Experimental
Qualitative

Dr. Avedis Donabedian is best known for which perspective on

quality? *
1/1
Structures consist of how organizations develop reporting structures.
The structure, process, and outcome paradigm.
Processes used to make nursing decisions.
Outcomes related solely to the finances of a hospital.

Which of the following is the major difference between managers and

leaders? *
1/1
Leaders always have legitimate power.
Managers always have legitimate power.
Leaders do not make good managers.
Managers seldom are leaders.

Willy Yu and his group studied the factors that predicted the
adherence of women to the exercise program postpartum. Potential
participants were screened for eligibility. At the health assessment,
the study was explained to the women, those who were eligible were
asked to sign a form to be participants in the study. Which of the
following is obtained? *
1/1
Process consent
Implied consent
Informed consent
Consent form

From the hypothesis: Subjects receiving antiemetic therapy by a

patient- controlled pump will report less nausea and less medication
consumption than subjects receiving the therapy by nurse
administration. What type of hypothesis is described? *
0/1
Simple, non-directional hypothesis
Simple, directional hypothesis
Complex, directional hypothesis
Complex, non-directional hypothesis

A researcher decides to use six people to help him collect data for a
quantitative study. Which one of the following is potentially a threat
to the internal validity of this study? *
1/1
History
Instrumentation
Maturation
Selection effects

What is a characteristic of a deductive hypothesis derived from a

theory? *
1/1
Complex
Directional
Biased
Advantageous

What is the independent variable in the following hypothesis?

Hypothesis: Adults using guided-imagery relaxation have a lower
heart rate, blood pressure, and perceived anxiety level than those not
using a relaxation technique. *
1/1
Blood pressure
Type of treatment received (guided-imagery relaxation or no relaxation)
Heart rate
Perceived anxiety level

During their defense, the panel of critiques found out that the
research group had made up some of the data in their study, and
edited some of the results that’s why they had difficulty defending
their study. Which of the following is the described the violation done
by the group? *
0/1
Plagiarism
Falsification
Fabrication
Research misconduct
What are the advantages to using directional hypotheses? *
1/1
The indication of the use of a theory base to derive the a conclusion
The provision of a specific theoretical frame of reference
Ensurance that findings will be generalizable
The indication of a nonbiased selection of subjects

The Belmont Report articulates 3 primary ethical principles on which

standards of ethical conduct in research are based. Which of the
following correctly enumerates the 3 principles? *
0/1
Beneficence, veracity, justice
Beneficence, respect for human dignity, veracity
Beneficence, respect for human dignity, justice
Justice, veracity, autonomy

A research study was underway looking at the frequency of

mammograms in perimenopausal women. During the study a celebrity
was diagnosed with breast cancer. The effect of this event on the
research findings is called: *
1/1
Maturation.
Reactivity.
Constancy.
History.

Which of the following designs is not part of Level II investigation? *

0/1
Exploratory
Correlational
Methodological
Comparative

There are many ways to ensure that your appraisal system is

nondiscriminatory. Which of the following is one way to ensure
this? *
1/1
Allowing no input from the employee
Giving the appraisal once per year
Withholding information from the employee
No appeal process
Accuracy in the research design means that: *
1/1
All aspects of the study logically flow from the research question.
All mediating variables have been controlled.
Gaps in the literature have been identified.
The timing of data collection was the same for each subject

Which type of research explores the meaning of an experience? *

0/1
Grounded theory
Case study
Ethnography
Phenomenology

Which of the following is not one of the uses of qualitative research

methods? *
1/1
Guiding nursing practice
Studying the effects of nursing care on an outcome variable
Developing survey instruments
Developing nursing theory

A research study explored the meaning of health for migrant farm-

worker women in a southern province. A convenience sample of 20
migrant farm-worker women was surveyed. What is the population of
this study? *
1/1
Migrant farm-worker women in Davao
Migrant farm workers
Migrant farm-worker women
Migrant farm workers in Davao

In most research studies, the researcher states the research

hypothesis. This hypothesis indicates what the researcher thinks will
be found. The statistical or null hypothesis: *
1/1
States that there is no relationship or no interaction between variables being studied.
States that any identified relationships or interactions have no clinical relevance.
Must be stated explicitly in the research study or it does not exist.
Is always the opposite of what the researcher anticipates will happen.

What type of research design would apply to a time series design? *

1/1
Experimental
Nonexperimental
Quasi-experimental
Both experimental and quasi-experimental

Which of the following research methods is most appropriate for

studying the peculiarities and commonalities of a specific type of
patient? *
1/1
Phenomenologic method
Grounded-theory method
Ethnographic method
Case study method

Which consideration in determining the feasibility of a research

question would apply if demands are placed on subjects that may
cause the research question not to be feasible for study? *
0/1
Time
Researcher experience
Ethics
Subject availability

Which of the following is TRUE about functional nursing? *

1/1
Concentrates on tasks and activities
Emphasizes use of group collaboration
One-to-one nurse-patient ratio

When should a hypothesis be developed by the researcher during the

research process? *
1/1
Before development of the research question
After development of the research question
After a research design is determined
Before any statistical analysis

The rights of special vulnerable groups, however, may need to be

protected through additional procedures and heightened sensitivity.
All of the following are vulnerable subjects. Which one is not
considered? *
0/1
Children
Mentally or emotionally disabled people
Prisoners
Postpartum woman

Voluntary participation in a study may result in a sample that feels

strongly about the issue being studied. This is an issue in which type
of sampling method? *
1/1
Convenience sampling
Probability sampling
Stratified random sampling
Cluster sampling

SITUATION: A hypothesis is an educated guess, which is formulated

and provisionally adopted to explain observed facts or conditions and
to guide further investigation. You are studying the level of anxiety of
surgical patients. You formulated the following hypothesis: there is a
difference in the level of anxiety of pre-surgical patients who receive
pre-operative instruction and patients who receive no instruction pre-
operatively Identify, which is the independent variable: *
0/1
Surgical Patients
Level of Anxiety- high or low
Presence of pre-op instruction
Anxiety

Research hypotheses may also be classified in terms of being simple

or complex. In stating that he or she is testing a simple hypothesis,
the researcher is saying that: *
1/1
Two groups of subjects are included in the study.
Two variables are included in the hypothesis to be addressed.
Interpretation of findings will be easy.
He or she has defined the variables in simple terms.

Which sampling strategy is considered to be very easy in terms of

drawing a sample? *
1/1
Convenience
Quota
Purposive
Random

Which statement is true about research objectives, questions, and

hypotheses? *
1/1
Each objective, question, or hypothesis should include all of the variables in the study.
They are more general and abstract than the purpose statement.
At least one of each of these should be stated in every research study.
They link the research problem and purpose to the study methods and analysis strategies.

A researcher wants to study specific characteristics of adult triplets

who were raised separately. Which of the following sampling
techniques would the researcher most likely use? *
1/1
Convenience
Quota
Purposive
Random

When is purposive sampling useful? *

1/1
When few people are willing to participate
When members of the target population are heterogeneous
When a highly unusual group is being studied
When many subjects drop out of a study before it is completed

When should a literature review be conducted after data are

collected? *
1/1
When the researcher was unable to formulate a research question
When a qualitative research design was used
When there were no significant findings
When too many subjects dropped out of the study
This form was created inside of Phinma Education.
 Forms
Multiple Choice Questions
36 of 50 points
To avoid threats to validity, a researcher must identify, plan for, and
control: *
1/1
Independent variables.
Unexpected findings.
The control group.
Extraneous variables.

Drivers of quality are *

1/1
nurses and physicians
regulators.
payers.
B and C

All staff have been employed on this unit and working together for at
least six months. All the staff caregivers deliver conscientious quality
care each day. Part of their caregiving plan follows a special protocol
that the group developed (based on research about nosocomial
infections in the NICU). The plan includes careful hand washing,
careful adherence to sterile technique and universal precautions,
careful adherence to proper equipment use, and careful observation
of all caregiver behaviors to be sure they are aligned with agreed
upon standards of care. Disagreements occur and are discussed and
resolved at team meetings. When illness requires a change in staff
work days, someone willingly pitches in to cover, they celebrate
holidays and birthdays, they do their homework, and they work
together to screen new applicants for open positions to protect the
collaborative culture and effective caregiving model they have
developed. This group best exemplifies what stage of group
development? *
1/1
Norming
Forming
Storming
Performing

What must a nurse do to use research in practice? *

0/1
Examine a research study and follow the researcher's recommendations.
Read many studies in the same content area and follow the recommendations of the studies with
similar findings.
Explore the strength of the evidence available.
Replicate studies in their own settings to make sure recommendations are contextually
appropriate.

SITUATION: A hypothesis is an educated guess, which is formulated

and provisionally adopted to explain observed facts or conditions and
to guide further investigation. You are studying the level of anxiety of
surgical patients. You formulated the following hypothesis: there is a
difference in the level of anxiety of pre-surgical patients who receive
pre-operative instruction and patients who receive no instruction pre-
operatively Identify, which is the independent variable: *
1/1
Surgical Patients
Level of Anxiety- high or low
Presence of pre-op instruction
Anxiety

Which research hypothesis is most testable? *

1/1
There is a relationship between meditation and anxiety disorders.
Patients with anxiety disorders who learn meditation techniques have less anxiety than those who
do not.
Teaching one meditation technique to patients with anxiety disorders will be better than teaching
multiple techniques.
The ability to meditate causes lower anxiety in patients with anxiety disorder than those who do
not meditate.

When should a hypothesis be developed by the researcher during the

research process? *
0/1
Before development of the research question
After development of the research question
After a research design is determined
Before any statistical analysis

The primary reason to conduct a performance appraisal is: *

1/1
constructive feedback.
coaching.
identification.
punishment.

What should the purpose statement in a research study not do? *

1/1
Reflect the biases and values of the researcher
State the specific goals of the study
Serve as the basis for generation of research objectives, questions, or hypotheses
Serve as a basis for selection of a research design and analysis strategies

Which of the following is an example of a primary source in a

research study? *
1/1
A published commentary on the findings of another study
A doctoral dissertation that critiques all research in the area of attention deficit disorder
A textbook of medical-surgical nursing
A journal article about a study that used large, previously unpublished databases generated by
the United States census

Which one of the following is true about both nonprobability sampling

techniques and probability sampling techniques? *
0/1
Nonprobability sampling techniques are more rigorous.
Each element has an equal chance of being included in the study with either technique.
Probability sampling more likely results in a representative sample.
Generalizability of findings is not possible with either technique.
A potential participant for the study refused to join in the research at
first, but later on agreed after being promised to be given a generous
amount of money for participating in the study. What is described in
the situation? *
0/1
A normal agreement between the researcher and the participants.
A form of punishment to the participant.
A form of coercion.
Violation to the right of the participants from exploitation.

Which one of the following statements about hypotheses is most

accurate? *
0/1
Hypotheses represent the main idea to be studied and are the foundations of research studies.
Hypotheses help frame a test of the validity of a theory.
Hypotheses provide the means to test nursing theory.
A hypothesis can also be called a problem statement.

Alexandra decides to have a decentralized staffing system. Which of

the following is an advantage of this system of staffing? *
1/1
Greater control of activities
Conserves time
Compatible with computerization
Promotes better interpersonal relationship

After her evaluation a staff nurse exclaims: "I'm not sure if my

manager knows much about my performance, really. He only had
three specific examples to give me, two good and one to work on and
they all happened in the last month. I don't feel like he can see the
whole picture." What kind of performance appraisal rating does this
statement exemplify? *
1/1
Leniency error
Absolute judgment
Recency error
Halo error

Beta research group formulated the research problem: What is the

relative effectiveness of patient-controlled antiemetic therapy versus
nurse-controlled antiemetic therapy with regard to (a) medication
consumption and (b) control of nausea and vomiting in patients on
chemotherapy? Identify the independent variable. *
1/1
Medication consumption
Control of nausea and vomiting
Antiemetic therapy
Chemotherapy

Which term below is used to indicate a phenomenon that cannot be

directly observed but must be inferred by certain concrete or less
abstract indicators of the phenomenon? An example would be
wellness or self-esteem. *
0/1
Theory
Proposition
Construct
Concept

Monette wants to know if the length of time she will study for the
board examination is proportional to her board rating. During the
December 2007 board examination, she studied for six months and
gained 68%. On June 2008 board exam, she studied for 6 months
again for a total of one year and gained 74%. On November 2008, she
studied for 6 months for a total of one and a half year and gained
82%. The research design she used is: *
1/1
Comparative
Correlational
Experimental
Qualitative

Dr. Avedis Donabedian is best known for which perspective on

quality? *
1/1
Structures consist of how organizations develop reporting structures.
The structure, process, and outcome paradigm.
Processes used to make nursing decisions.
Outcomes related solely to the finances of a hospital.

Which of the following is the major difference between managers and

leaders? *
1/1
Leaders always have legitimate power.
Managers always have legitimate power.
Leaders do not make good managers.
Managers seldom are leaders.

Willy Yu and his group studied the factors that predicted the
adherence of women to the exercise program postpartum. Potential
participants were screened for eligibility. At the health assessment,
the study was explained to the women, those who were eligible were
asked to sign a form to be participants in the study. Which of the
following is obtained? *
1/1
Process consent
Implied consent
Informed consent
Consent form

From the hypothesis: Subjects receiving antiemetic therapy by a

patient- controlled pump will report less nausea and less medication
consumption than subjects receiving the therapy by nurse
administration. What type of hypothesis is described? *
0/1
Simple, non-directional hypothesis
Simple, directional hypothesis
Complex, directional hypothesis
Complex, non-directional hypothesis

A researcher decides to use six people to help him collect data for a
quantitative study. Which one of the following is potentially a threat
to the internal validity of this study? *
1/1
History
Instrumentation
Maturation
Selection effects

What is a characteristic of a deductive hypothesis derived from a

theory? *
1/1
Complex
Directional
Biased
Advantageous

What is the independent variable in the following hypothesis?

Hypothesis: Adults using guided-imagery relaxation have a lower
heart rate, blood pressure, and perceived anxiety level than those not
using a relaxation technique. *
1/1
Blood pressure
Type of treatment received (guided-imagery relaxation or no relaxation)
Heart rate
Perceived anxiety level

During their defense, the panel of critiques found out that the
research group had made up some of the data in their study, and
edited some of the results that’s why they had difficulty defending
their study. Which of the following is the described the violation done
by the group? *
0/1
Plagiarism
Falsification
Fabrication
Research misconduct

What are the advantages to using directional hypotheses? *

1/1
The indication of the use of a theory base to derive the a conclusion
The provision of a specific theoretical frame of reference
Ensurance that findings will be generalizable
The indication of a nonbiased selection of subjects

The Belmont Report articulates 3 primary ethical principles on which

standards of ethical conduct in research are based. Which of the
following correctly enumerates the 3 principles? *
0/1
Beneficence, veracity, justice
Beneficence, respect for human dignity, veracity
Beneficence, respect for human dignity, justice
Justice, veracity, autonomy
A research study was underway looking at the frequency of
mammograms in perimenopausal women. During the study a celebrity
was diagnosed with breast cancer. The effect of this event on the
research findings is called: *
1/1
Maturation.
Reactivity.
Constancy.
History.

Which of the following designs is not part of Level II investigation? *

0/1
Exploratory
Correlational
Methodological
Comparative

There are many ways to ensure that your appraisal system is

nondiscriminatory. Which of the following is one way to ensure
this? *
1/1
Allowing no input from the employee
Giving the appraisal once per year
Withholding information from the employee
No appeal process

Accuracy in the research design means that: *

1/1
All aspects of the study logically flow from the research question.
All mediating variables have been controlled.
Gaps in the literature have been identified.
The timing of data collection was the same for each subject

Which type of research explores the meaning of an experience? *

0/1
Grounded theory
Case study
Ethnography
Phenomenology

Which of the following is not one of the uses of qualitative research

methods? *
1/1
Guiding nursing practice
Studying the effects of nursing care on an outcome variable
Developing survey instruments
Developing nursing theory

A research study explored the meaning of health for migrant farm-

worker women in a southern province. A convenience sample of 20
migrant farm-worker women was surveyed. What is the population of
this study? *
1/1
Migrant farm-worker women in Davao
Migrant farm workers
Migrant farm-worker women
Migrant farm workers in Davao

In most research studies, the researcher states the research

hypothesis. This hypothesis indicates what the researcher thinks will
be found. The statistical or null hypothesis: *
1/1
States that there is no relationship or no interaction between variables being studied.
States that any identified relationships or interactions have no clinical relevance.
Must be stated explicitly in the research study or it does not exist.
Is always the opposite of what the researcher anticipates will happen.

What type of research design would apply to a time series design? *

1/1
Experimental
Nonexperimental
Quasi-experimental
Both experimental and quasi-experimental

Which of the following research methods is most appropriate for

studying the peculiarities and commonalities of a specific type of
patient? *
1/1
Phenomenologic method
Grounded-theory method
Ethnographic method
Case study method
Which consideration in determining the feasibility of a research
question would apply if demands are placed on subjects that may
cause the research question not to be feasible for study? *
0/1
Time
Researcher experience
Ethics
Subject availability

Which of the following is TRUE about functional nursing? *

1/1
Concentrates on tasks and activities
Emphasizes use of group collaboration
One-to-one nurse-patient ratio

When should a hypothesis be developed by the researcher during the

research process? *
1/1
Before development of the research question
After development of the research question
After a research design is determined
Before any statistical analysis

The rights of special vulnerable groups, however, may need to be

protected through additional procedures and heightened sensitivity.
All of the following are vulnerable subjects. Which one is not
considered? *
0/1
Children
Mentally or emotionally disabled people
Prisoners
Postpartum woman

Voluntary participation in a study may result in a sample that feels

strongly about the issue being studied. This is an issue in which type
of sampling method? *
1/1
Convenience sampling
Probability sampling
Stratified random sampling
Cluster sampling
SITUATION: A hypothesis is an educated guess, which is formulated
and provisionally adopted to explain observed facts or conditions and
to guide further investigation. You are studying the level of anxiety of
surgical patients. You formulated the following hypothesis: there is a
difference in the level of anxiety of pre-surgical patients who receive
pre-operative instruction and patients who receive no instruction pre-
operatively Identify, which is the independent variable: *
0/1
Surgical Patients
Level of Anxiety- high or low
Presence of pre-op instruction
Anxiety

Research hypotheses may also be classified in terms of being simple

or complex. In stating that he or she is testing a simple hypothesis,
the researcher is saying that: *
1/1
Two groups of subjects are included in the study.
Two variables are included in the hypothesis to be addressed.
Interpretation of findings will be easy.
He or she has defined the variables in simple terms.

Which sampling strategy is considered to be very easy in terms of

drawing a sample? *
1/1
Convenience
Quota
Purposive
Random

Which statement is true about research objectives, questions, and

hypotheses? *
1/1
Each objective, question, or hypothesis should include all of the variables in the study.
They are more general and abstract than the purpose statement.
At least one of each of these should be stated in every research study.
They link the research problem and purpose to the study methods and analysis strategies.

A researcher wants to study specific characteristics of adult triplets

who were raised separately. Which of the following sampling
techniques would the researcher most likely use? *
1/1
Convenience
Quota
Purposive
Random

When is purposive sampling useful? *

1/1
When few people are willing to participate
When members of the target population are heterogeneous
When a highly unusual group is being studied
When many subjects drop out of a study before it is completed

When should a literature review be conducted after data are

collected? *
1/1
When the researcher was unable to formulate a research question
When a qualitative research design was used
When there were no significant findings
When too many subjects dropped out of the study