Yaskaskain.

AhacAe baeteia iatoms

 DATE |I
bKTNGDOM MONERA

> Copeland C1956)es tabuisked kiagdem manerA

al prokaryou wt uncludad

> nehehal chaactehsi

Tt ncluds nicallular celouiallmulhala
Cell all beahs pephdo gycan expt
Ahchacbaeteria and mycoplasm
3. GGenetht Material naked DNA (hia ton is abat
callid nucleoid, gencphee
incipiead nucleus R fibilan
huclas.
4. Cell Membsan Made up lipopoteinpe
5. RibSeme Gos type
Absendn onehanót

d Exanplu os Prokanyot

A î Aschar bactenia
Gkaup e ancient bactehua

cldutliing fessila

Cell Wall
pptidaglycan akset
made npf lanplex palysatlaids
complexpaly pephda
cell menbsane made up of hiqhle complex
baanckad lypid chain
NtTe Dut to (omolor cellual
 PAGE
DATE I

aassl habrtat NEET O?0-22

16SH RNA hesen

(1etane picduis- 0bligat anah hes

BActoia) foundin marsly habitat, sasamps,
huminants, scusage theatmentplel.
gokan gas freaten

Methabactehium, acacCus
eth , ete.

found in Aumen os cattlu & esypssibu

the bio gas Cmeta) INEET 2016
Methanegeha sud n gu o aumbnant ani

Halophilu
Thes bactehias ae salty

Thenmracidephiles
found at theplacs shere tempeAature
apphox o'Cekigsade
mediLbT A aidic pt-2]
hey a feund ia het Aulphus sings,
Himalayan kegtá
 rat PAGE

9l520z DATE|1
Cluswot

I MYCOPLA SMA

dsasc.
fsem Plenopntumonie

ich a callo
td the onganisms
Disceveh
like
Premsnia
ycoplasm/ PPLo (Plewno

fhst d
Dei etl disloues

t Plant au t
Asts

Caused
yellew

hy
Disease

ycaplsma .
(BlusamrphitChgantey

wnicelalas, ma llst pokaryotic

smallst -NEE
Aycapaima 2022

Cellm eamtathene t Tailaycd

A heneie Material DNA &daubl standd a

Circula DNA

RNA SsRNA O(ld

Mplana Cell esall- abst
pasthsogb
>Nutaihien - BSmBophit
NEET 2022 cellall
Resiataus to auibiothies- peuicilln
Busitie to aathibiotis-kthaycline
chlerapeni

-dhaeobes
 oW
May PAGE
DATE

paiasites
PLANT DI SEASE :0 Little leal clisse of binjal
OBunch Top ob faprya
witlhes bsesm of qiDndnut

yancbatesia InaA
> Habitat

Fhetoyats bhit orygenic pokany ts

igmentsi
Caneteneid - yele

Pycotaytikia

AOTE- Cyanobtea
feneg - hichodsim
ET Red colshed
22
tater cted sa is dee to the

Diffesen fama: (i) unicallaler eg Spiulina

Edible TSGA

Beeaus, ithas ue

catle
Anabatna MiCOysti.
Ti) ilamewtous Oscillateia
 PAGE

DATE I

Tuner Celu

Ribeyeme Collmumtaa,

Nuclsidl
Ya-ganala

StAuctueu Similas to aRAM NE -VE saoteria

Aussounded by muci lagineus sheath

(Pechie Acid)
Cell awal
Blayed
Thneh
Made uprf Lpepalysarcksidu
- cell membaane Made up of lipopheten
gtoplas ontains follasias stuctuse
0glakeid-centais plot syatsti

Prjmead
Tuclusitn Bodies -saA stou

anales
 PAGE
DATE

Snasvacuole
baps
ds cisculas, nakod
RiboSeMe -Ds type
AFwnchen:
Some Bon can
peufem Na fatoa.
Thuy conehd atomesphuie Nitrogn nte ntcgngus
Campsund lkei amino acid nitytes nitrates

TKhA ix Nilaogn un tuo kerms

Synbiotic
Fm
-Seme
teg Ahabgesa
Nestoc
hade pngom N, fiatian
) asociahien ith many plast kn eg. Aulesiha-Tis BGA.

adpulem hihegn fiatila

Naxatien de to

Tecaus Anabaena, Nestoci

lares
 PAGE

DATE|I

A special tpe os cell is Eu

Khich i called Hetero cyst

"Hethnyst

Akinelia

tacilaginous kksath

Iguse Neshe

EtONOMIC TMPORTANCE OF Ba

Usekul Actinty.

I givestity t sterile alkalie oil.

Mane
esquito la n kJater.

Hnmfal Actity
ExcessAn qhowth of BGA in pellted afeh bodies, om
ateshloem
TGl, gseu) in ksafertanks pellut the wate (Oscillates
 PAGE
DATE

L EUBACTERIA:
Bactesia te sol menbes D MonCha
- Etst obsccd by Lecusey Hock in l6 75
- FJ Coha au EhscnbeL COUd
.caleAnmaleute
the name "7Sacteia
Habitat i Cosmspaitan (hasoga) feu)
Shape

- EI ohn seeOgnistd 4 basic onms cf Eukoctia.

b Coccus hey- Metle hen flagellatcd

Shupsphuu'cal/ sual

Diplotocus Co-Fa
SthuptocecCi C0- cha ike

baenciaae - Eeket
Cubital
(8-64 coCC)
Baillasod slapd

spial shapd
(ok-srl like

flazcllaed

fereg ibaio Choleha

 PAGE
DATE _J

Motlity w Sackia

menend in bectehia takes plaee tCUsbfasel,

bacta ahe
GAtitkeus flasllaalsat
MOnOocCus.

Amphtsuchpel
bat ends

Cephalotichous - bunch ns flagella tst at

-rej lone bacteuun

lopkotuchEus bunch t alla nt at beth

feeigjalmpgella
Peitch ieqella
pus abu found
Cw
Dat:
PAGE
DAT

Sthuctu of flagella i
Maale up of tahee pantsi
G) TBasal Tsody
(i) Heok >Filameud
(ii) Eilament

Cel wal
Basal Tsody

Basal Pait of flagelun

Rod saaped atu ctue
Lies ithin Celwall and Cellmenbpane
Paoteinaesus hod shaped sthuctue, susoundd

Dude Rings
Tnneh Rings.
es ithin cell memloar
- ies aithin cellbwall
S M

-Connect the basal body to filameat

- ylindical tollon sthuctue

made up os psoten menmes. R
agllie Preten. Coudkachl
meDmeA is made yp os
Each
menoMes ae aksanged spihallylt+4 manma
 PAGE
DATE I

NOTE
-Bacteial Call boallis couehd by nehous haist
stsuctuhe called Pilli.

malls then flagella

Longen ii SheterAlli
-take pastin attrchiuu

cccuks only dono)-F'mal OR Tofeehix hlli

Haipwn onjugaien
-
Absend inRacipiad -£

NoTE:
Pilus - cylindvical bellosstAuchase

Prlin Prcoten

- do netplay heluin metilty

Stuctue e Bacleia

Nuclesid

44cell Membhns

Rbe
 PAGE
DATE

cell Enuelope

1
@Qustebmast hlycocalyx
Cmaybe- capslatad/Sliene aycn)
celwall
Cell Memhan

AOuter Mest
Glycecalyx
> Slime
Lays
Capsulald Layer -Loese A Thin
-thick
-maialy polacckiudu
mad up o poysacchsids

alyiocalyx phateet the bactaia and aloblps in celo

fomaion
Cell wall

- Rigid
- Made up o pephdoglycau
G.eam te
Deuble layo thick

liaid peseat Ceut

Thin

fephdeaycan lppelasseisd

Bacteial ell iwall n he oliselud by lysoe

 PAGE
DATE J |
Plasma Membaane
- Made bp o ipopeleun

ytoplasm
-´Membhane bound Bnellsabsen'
ytoplamic Athaminy ahsent Ccll ball - tg)
Cyteplaimit Daganella:

1, Mesosome - tell memhhene oß bacteia waasanata i

cytaplasm at dikfaun plas

-
- Funchien Cell sespatathiln

Cell wallLschetiow
DNA Replieatian
Cell Diisien
- NorE! Meselam
MesosAme fnctienalay itochend
ike stuctute hecause Baspikaty

2. Tncuian Tsodis -

(Sterage(abanala)

stoe Canbakydrata

6 Velutn GHhanules - phesphat polymesa

functisnas sterage aeserwos

3. Nuclesid Chsomatin nnatoial

- nuclea menbsan -
-mclslasnt
Deuhle sthandedcihca lar, nake DNA.
 PAG
DATE

Lp STAININ OF BhC TERI

- Gam staining echno logy
Bactesa ehe staned
hea
KT: Seluion

- Aka staning, Bactesia ase wwashed ulh Acetone

Ethylaleebot.

kome backhua ahe Seme bactsia Acta

desleurisedGbham Negatie Coleu

vicut Parple
lanteus staned Called

alfranin.

hNutAition in Bactehiai
Seme bactesia ase Aulatsapkie and mesty batsdsapt
cephic.

) Phetoynthehic Autotsapbd
> Thye bacteia wse

Aynthcs
Ae Fhsteigathetic pigment - pssent at ytplam
Loygeai
fen eq lusple lphus SactenasChromatu
Gsun blphur Kacteia -g Chlescbaium

S lusple non helphur Bactenia -eq.

Rkodospiilan
 PAGE
DATE |
(6 Chcomesynthehe Autetiephs

Heknothcpha
th Busn feod
They cant manukactue
Thist

Aapsetecpkic actonia
Obtai foad fuom duad 4daging oanie
Mattan

bigat kap ietkcphi Lacultatie Pasat

Obtain foad anly fsem JNezmaly cangl

dadand dcayng saprotsophe
mattes,ie natue , butican

eag failla lalsusis

(lostudium betulnun staphy ocea

Patasithie Bactesia
Dbtain tan kood rom liing pngansm

Ghliaati atasite
Aanys ssmdn parasithc Nmally pahast
fmegMtthacleium phae atwretin ab
liung het
 PAGE
DATE

feneqycobacteuum

>Symbistic Bactesua
Thee kactea conuAt atemep heuc
nitsogensus Compund

L Respihationin Bacteria i

- Types

ACgbic Auauolbc

Cbliqale Aeschc facultateAerzbesoblhant tnacbes auktaheAnagcbrs

> die in abence lompltly
but can uye anaeeic anarplic bat
Azotobactes in absnce os also ba
ereg fereg
Closthidim

hetalinum aehobic

acati
Acetohacten hespihahion

Jactobacillus.

RephoduchisM
By two mehods

tAsexual Rephoduehisn

Fissiln
5ihay
0ccuhs andu aueuhable londitons
-Endospeformation.
 PAGE
DATE ||
udighly hesutudstsuc tae.

TLii hesistaut te npesahu

hadiahen,.
antbietè,
chemicals.
(ster

kut sthuehuse
Aesut

Ca-dipicelinat
in (ontex
Bailus ype bateria.
Ai Tis sen in metly

Geuehc Recombination

) Thans fematisu
C) Thansauctisn

HThaskormatiew
- dis ay' Gaifstin
da ceunedtoy diplotoccus pnumenias

PTansdtiaw
ducosd by Ledehbeng and Zindy i Salmoeld

yphimusim
apsala
Puts Creztic

Lactesiaphag Matehiat

ViAs
13th

June PAGE
2024 DATE

19Conjugauoni
-Dsceehtd by Ledebeg and Tatum in Eceti
-) Finst, dene cell (E) attach to
1346)
ucipieat call CE
x pilli
cosjugation tube
6) E facton (Eplasmid ) Aeplitales
e) Seth tthe cells ae8pasa kd.
ke
Du to tansfes o E facter', baetesia becomtsF'bactehia.

Econemc Tupotaue os Tsacteiua

(See Module)

MONERA
ALl th Agan phetsta ehenicelalan
The Cell contan a well oeined nucleus and sthes menbane
bound onganells
- some hae Elaglla / calia
Phetals ase pimabily azuahic
-T Jas a link aita plant, animals R fuagi
They hepsoduce asenally and Aetually
Pretst may be autolsghs
Ttis hetenogeus gioup becaus Jhe boUneas
o this kingdem afind
- Prstiüta includu Chiyscphyts SNEET 2oL67

Dincglagelals
Euglaneid
Slime msulds

Eaelezeans

NOTE: Kepsoduethisn
 PAGE
DATE I

1. Asenal Repioductisn

Spen femahc
SLime moald

3. Sexual Repkoduchion
Eistly secn in photist
Psoces: 2 Hapleid gamet fues 2n Ygott fa
(na)
Lalldngay

Tegang
eipkélogially sinilaa
bud playialogitally inmagbe
tina
8) disinmilan

maphologically desimla

{omad ganzet Jahg

 RAGE
DATE

I Pattens o ife Cycle

1. Haplontie Lif yce

-shewing Zygetic Meisss. Adult

-fea eg Dika lagellatu n MI

TOSTS

amita
Plaidy soh Chtemeseml.s
Fetligaion

Hapleid (a) Diplad (2a)

Sygel
Er05TS
HAPLONTIC LIFE CYCLE

Adult
2. Diplentic Lie Cycde'
(29)
MEOSIS
Khuing 9ametic Meigsis

Leneq Diatoms ngaméla

feshlafian

DIPLONTIC LIFE CYCLE

Divisien - Chhyophyta
feund h fhesh ater masne

Tt inchudsiatem Cdesmnds).
golda algae
Dieuad sapes Ructaugudaa
Elaugasd

Thinngule
T5oat shapd ,et.
 PAGE
DATE I_I

Diatemi
and silca
-Cell wall Mad up el cellloe

siltatd walis allid s

This

Ekustue

- anAangd
liko Boap bor ng
due to plescuce os siica cll wal

hasd Cudestruchble) (20

-oel sal docsnt d comaK afea

hocks ltad diaton

wehy kuge

diatomute
Aoiatem acleus ahthNEET 20147

keiselquski

-Pignt: ChL 'a chl e' at ucoxAnhin

-They ase tlu chief podun n the

T2018)

- Stered fead: Leucein CChyselaminahin)

- Menement- Tmmetil

ŽNOTE spcial Ayps oß. spens ahefndAxe

Sound Preoing
Hiat iulaton in stam boilss

Altatin o cil fhysay

 NOTHING IS
H.A.R.D.
H.A.R.D: HAVEN'TATTEMPTED OR REFRAINED FROM DOING

GlDith PRACTICE
nd PERSISTENCE,
what once seemed
dilflcult becomes

ACHIEVABLE.
- Ranjat Bhanti