CLASS 9

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

UNITS NAME TOPICS

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO AI EXCITE
RELATE
PURPOSE
POSSIBILITIES
AI ETHICS
UNIT II AI PROJECT CYCLE PROBLEM SCOPING
DATA ACQUISITION
DATA EXPLORATION
MODELLING
UNIT III NEURAL NETWORKS
UNIT IV INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON
 UNIT – 1

INTRODUCTION TO AI
UNIT 1.1 EXCITE

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (1950)

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

(MAN MADE) (ABILITY TO PERCEIVE

INFORMATION AND TO
RETAIN IT AS
KNOWLEDGE TO BE
APPLIED TOWARDS
ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOURS
WITHIN CONTEXT)

MANY DEFINITIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE:

NITI AAYOG: NATIONAL STRATERGY FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM

EUROPEAN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LEADERSHIP

ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA

DEFINE:

- AI is a form of intelligence; a type of technology and a field of study.

- AI theory and development of computer systems (both machines and software) are able to perform
tasks that normally require human intelligence.
- AI covers a broad range of domains and applications and is expected to impact every field in the future.
- Overall, its core idea is building machines and algorithms which are capable of performing
computational tasks that would otherwise require human like brain functions.

WHO IS THE FATHER OF AI?

- John McCarthy, the father of AI, were to coin a new phrase for "artificial intelligence".
- The first practical and still most widely used AI programming language is the functional language
Lisp developed by John McCarthy in the late 1950s. Lisp is based on mathematical function theory and
the lambda abstraction.

DOMAINS:
1. Data Science (Data for AI)
2. Natural Language for Processing (NLP)
3. Computer Vision (CV)

1. Data Science: (Numbers 0-9 , Alphanumeric 0-9, a-z, A-Z)

Data science is a domain of AI related to data systems and processes, in which the system collects
numerous data, maintains data sets and derives meaning/ sense out of them.
Eg. Game - Rock, Paper & Scissors
 2. Natural Language for Processing:
Natural Language Processing, abbreviated as NPL, is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals with
the interaction between computers and humans using the natural language.
Eg. Game – Akinator Game with Alexa

3. Computer Vision:
It is a domain of AI that depicts the capability of a machine to get and analyse visual
information and afterwards predict some decisions about it.
Eg. Face filter of Instagram and Snapchat , Face identification by Smartphone or Laptop

UNIT 1.2 RELATE

Applications of AI:
- Location - Google Maps and Ride-hailing Application
- Face detection – Virtual Filters, Face ID unlocking
- Text editors on autocorrect and autocomplete
- Search and recommendation algorithms
- Amazon’s Alexa

Hypothetical Examples:-
 Smart Homes:
Smart home technology is the general term given to basic home amenities that have been fitted with
communication technology, enabling some degree of either automation or remote control. It includes
things like:
- Appliances, like washing machines, fridges and garage door
- Home entertainment systems
- Environmental controls, like air conditioning, heating and lighting.

Advantages:
- Easier to lock and unlock the doors
- Save energy with smart energy consumption
- Know about maintenance and service
- Customize as per your convenience
- Ease of using smart home technology
- Smart home technologies are really smart

Disadvantages:

- Cost
- Dependency on Internet
- Dependency on Professionals

 Smart Cities:
- A Smart city is a framework, predominantly composed of Information and communication
technologies(ICT), to develop, to deploy and promote sustainable development practices to address
growing urbanization challenges.

Advantages:
- Communities can improve energy distribution
- Streamline trash collection
- Decrease traffic congestion
- Improve air quality with help from the IoT
UNIT 1.3 PURPOSE
AI Solutions to Social Issues:

 Global hunger crisis:

AI could be used to determine one’s intake at home and restaurants.

 Wildlife Conservation:

AI powered tools can track the movements of animals and analyse to better protect them.

 Conflicts:
AI can help resolve violent arguments with triggered alerts.

 Disaster Awareness and Prediction:

AI could be used to predetermine areas of risk and notify people in impacted areas.

Bullying and Hate Speech:

AI bots could detect bullying, hate speech and harmful online behaviours and major social and publishing
platforms.

Universal Translation:
Once anyone could read the expertise of anyone regardless of the language then it would be beneficial for all.

Human Bias:
AI eliminates human bias and improves diversity and inclusion.

Agriculture:
AI could be used to unlock nature’s own potential.

Growing cost of Health Care:

With analysis of large scale data more targeted drugs can be developed.

Fact checking:
AI advancements can help fast-checkers with pattern analysis, context clustering and social signal processing to
restore trust, quality and transparency of information for all.

Mental Illness:
AI could be used to identify complex patterns in both process and behaviours.

Enabling better Education:

AI based platforms provides with suggestions on topics and areas to focus on for better results.

Sustainable Development:

Sustainable development is the idea that human societies must live and meet their needs without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The “official” definition of sustainable development
was developed for the first time in the Brundtland Report in 1987.

Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs):

 The 2030 agenda for Sustainable development, adopted by all United Nations Member states in 2015,
provides a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future.
 At its heart are the 17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs), which are an urgent call for action by all
countries – developed and developing – in a global partnership.

Let’s visit https://sdgs.un.org/goals for Sustainable Development Goals.

UNIT 1.4 POSSIBILITIES
Career opportunities in AI:-
1. Big Data Engineer
2. Business Intelligence Developer
3. Data Scientist
4. Machine Learning Engineer
5. Research Scientist
6. AI Data Analyst
7. Product Manager
8. AI Engineer
9. Robotics Scientist

1. Big Data Engineer:

The role of a big data engineer is to create an ecosystem for the business systems to interact efficiently.
Their primary task is to build and effectively to administer big data of organization. They also have to
carry out the function of obtaining outcomes from big data in a robust manner.

2. Business Intelligence Developer:

They have to consider the business acumen along with AI. They recognize different business trends by
accessing complicated data sets.

3. Data Scientist:
They assist in gathering relevant data from multiple sources for the purpose of assessing it to gain
constructive inferences.

4. Machine Learning Engineer:

They are involved in building and maintaining self-running software that facilitates machine learning
initiatives. This position is in demand and rarely remains vacant.

5. Research Scientist:
They undertake efforts in performing extensive research dealing with applications of machine learning
and machine intelligence. A research scientist is one who have gained expertise in the field of applied
mathematics, statistics, deep learning and machine learning.

6. AI Data Analyst:
The major function of an AI data analyst is to perform data mining, data cleaning and data
interpretation. By cleaning data, requisite data is collected to carry out data interpretation. Any short of
useless data is discarded by them so that it does not hamper the data interpretation process.

7. Product Manager:
In the field of AI, the duty of a product manager is to resolve challenging problems by strategically
collecting data. You should possess the skill of identifying relevant problems that obstructs the
business proceedings. The next step is to get hold of related data sets to facilitate data interpretation.
8. AI Engineer:
AI Engineers are problem solvers who develop, test and apply different models of Artificial
Intelligence. They effectively handle AI infrastructure. They make use of Machine Learning algorithms
and understanding of the neural network to develop useful AI models.

9. Robotics Scientist:
A reduction in jobs will indeed take place due to the emergence of robotics in the field of AI.
Conversely, jobs will also rise as robotics scientist is in incessant demands by major industries for
programming their machines. The robots will help in carrying out certain tasks efficiently using AI
models.
 Top 10 Companies making use of AI:
- Amazon
- Apple
- Google
- Facebook
- DJI
- Anki
- Clarifai
- Deepmind
- Casetext
- DataVisor

Vast Applications of AI:

- Healthcare: Proper diagnosis and treatment are facilitated by introducing AI in healthcare.

- Education: A suitable learning environment is furnished to the students by utilizing AI.
- Sports: With advanced AI technologies, athletes can expand their capabilities.
- Agriculture: Maximum yield is possible by AI as it helps in developing the perfect farming
environment.
- Construction: Buildings can be constructed more safely and efficiently by the incorporation of AI.
- Banking: Chat-bot assistance, fraud detection and enhanced payment methods are some of the positive
outcomes of AI.
- Marketing: The sales target can be effectively achieved by making use of predictive intelligence along
with machine learning.
- E-commerce: Effective warehouse operations, good product recommendations and fraud prevention are
some of the fruits of AI.

Skills required:

- There are a varied number of skills that you need to master.

- All of which requires a great deal of training.
- However, the most common factor in all the fields is that they all require a great deal of experience in
math and science related topics.
- Here are the top artificial intelligence skills that you need to have:
 Programming Languages (Python, R, Java are the most necessary)
 Linear Algebra and Statistics
 Signal processing techniques
 Neural network architectures

Unit 1.5 ETHICS OF AI

- AI ethics is a system of moral principles and techniques intended to inform the development and
responsible use of artificial intelligence technology.
- As AI has become integral to products and services, organizations are starting to develop AI codes of
ethics.

 Moral Issues:
- The choices might differ from person to person and one must understand that nobody is wrong in the
case.
- Every person has a different perspective and hence he/she takes decisions according to their moralities.
 Data Privacy:
- The world of AI revolves around data.
- Every company whether small or big is mining data from as many sources as possible.
- More than 70% of the data collected till now has been collected in the last 3 years which shows how
important data has become in recent times.
Two questions:
Where do we collect data from?
Why do we need to collect data?
Smartphones:

It customized recommendations and notifications according to our choices.

Scenario 1:

 You are talking to your friend on a mobile network or on whatsapp.

 You tell your friend that you wish to buy new shoes.
 You discuss about shoes and that is it.
 After sometimes, the online shopping websites start giving you notifications to buy shoes! They start
recommending some of their products and urge you to you buy some.

Scenario 2:

 You search on Google for a trip to Ladakh or any other destinations.

 All the apps on your phone which support advertisements starts sending messages about packages that
you can buy for the trip.

Scenario 3:

 Even when you are not using your phone.

 Talking to your friend face to face about a book you’ve read recently.
 The phone is kept in a lock mode nearby.
 The phone will end up giving notifications about similar books or messages about the same book once
you operate it.

 AI Bias:
When we talk about a machine, we know that it is artificial and cannot think on its own.
It can have intelligence, but we cannot expect a machine to have any biases of its own.
Any bias can transfer from the developer to the machine while the algorithm is being developed.

 AI Access:
- It is still a budding technology.
- Not everyone has an opportunity to access it.
- The people who can afford AI enabled device make the most of it while others who cannot are left
behind.
- Because of this, a gap has emerged between these two classes of people and it gets widened with the
rapid advancement of technology.