Module 1

(32 minutes)

In recent years, new technologies have 1 Mark for Review

challenged established models of business and
communication, forcing many companies to Which choice completes the text with the most
rethink their traditional practices in order to logical or precise word or phrase?
customers' evolving needs.
A relate to

perceive

transform

accommodate

For many members of Kenya's Midzichenda 2 Mark for RevieW

tribes, wild fruits are considered hardship
foods, eaten mainly when individuals are far Which choice completes the text with the most
from home. For others, though, the collection of logical or precise word or phrase?
plants such as Carissa tetraera and Saba
A
comorensisis is a activity and thus occurs solitary
regularly when their fruit can be sold at local
markets. commercial

sporadic

D laborious
 3 Mark for Review
The physician and author Atul Gawande has
argued that much like particle physics, modern
medicine has become far too subtle and Which choice completes the text with the most
complex to provide With so many logical or precise word or phrase?
different kinds of therapies available, it is often optimism
impossible to say which one will be most
effective. possibilities

C solutions

certainty

4 Mark for Review

Social scientists have found that people have a
tendency to overestimate how their
preferences are. Consequently, individuals are Which choice completes the text with the most
often taken aback to discover how much they logical or precise word or phrase?
have in common with those around them.
A unique

predictable

identifiable

relevant

More than just annoyance, morning 5 Mark for Review

grogginess costs developed nations billions of
dollars every year. Not only does it result in a Which choice completes the text with the most
loss of productivity, but also leads to increased logical or precise word or phrase?
medical costs and higher rates of absenteeism
a severe
from work-related injuries.
B a persistent

a benign

an atypical
 Plant biologist ZhuoFeng has had a long interest 6 Mark for Review
in fossil plant-insect interactions and their
coevolution, finding evidence of insect damage of Which choice best describes the function of the
varying types in the fossil record. In 2013, he underlined sentence in the text as a whole?
discovered an interesting pattern of insect
damage in living plants: symmetrical holes Itexplains how Feng was able to speculate
about fossilized specimens.
punctured through the leaves, which he realized
looked the way they did because insects fed on
the leaves while they were folded. Because this
B It describes why Feng developed an interest
in fossilized interactions between plants and
type of damage is common in nyctinastic plants, insects.
which hold their leaves in a vertical position at
night, Feng speculated that it might also be Itcalls out a hazard that plants must defend
present in fossilized specimens as well. themselves against.
It discusses a type of leaf damage present in
the fossil record.

The old woman knocked at a little door, it opened, Mark for Review
she led Candide up a private staircase into a small
apartmernt richly furnished. She left him on a Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
brocaded sofa, shut the door and went away.
Candide thought himself in a dream; indeed, that Candide believes that he is experiencing a
he had been dreaming unluckily all his life, and bad dream.
that the present moment was the only agreeable
part of it all. Candide feels isolated in the apartment.
Candide is very pleased to find himself in the
apartment.

D Candide does not know why the woman has

brought him to the apartment.
 8 Mark for Review
The Sears mail-order catalog, or "Big Book" as it
became known, was the Amazon of the
nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Its Which choice best states the main idea of the text
: popularity was aided by the postal system, which The BigBook ceased publication because it
permitted mail-order publications to be classified could not adapt to buyers' needs.
as aids in the dissemination of knowledge and
sent for just one cent per pound. Over the course The Sears mail-order catalogue provides
of its existence, Sears Roebuck &Co. shifted from insight intothe evolution of retail trends.
i a purveyor of horse-drawn buggies to one of
televisions and radios, ultimately offering buyers Postal regulations allowed the Sear mail
in the United States more than 1,000 items by order catalogue to becomne established
mail. Although the last Big Book was printed in among consumers.

1993, the catalog still has value: it offers a glimpse People in the United States once obtained
into the needs and wants of consumers from
most of their goods fromn Sears.
bygone eras.

P
A
Beginning around 7.5 million years ago, Earth Mark for Review
B
experienced aperiod of rapid cooling known as S
i the Late Miocene Cooling Event, which led to the Based on the passage, what is true about algae
S
extinction of manywhale species. Until recently, blooms?
the cooling was attributed to carbon dioxide
They resulted from silicateweathering of th g
drawn out of the atmosphere by silicate Himalayas.
weathering of the Himalayas. Geologists Barbara
Carrapa and Mark Clementz propose that They may have been caused by a rise in
increased volcanism in the Andes mnay have been volcanic activity in the Andes.
the determining factor, however. The mountains
were positioned to deliver ash to both the Pacific They led to an explosion of marine life
and Atlantic oceans, providing the nutrients that around the world.
led to a global explosion of marine life. However, They were made possible by an increase in
an excess of nutrients in the water could also
carbon dioxide levels in the Atlantic and
have resulted in algae blooms that polluted the
whales environment. Pacific oceans.
 Measurements from ancient and dormant 10 Mark for Review
galaxies show that black holes are expanding
texi more than expected, aligning with a phenomenon Which choice best states the primary purpose of
it predicted in Einstein's theory of gravity. This the passage?
growth suggests that it is unnecessary for A To describe how researchers discovered that
researchersto add anything new to their black holes are expanding
conception of the universe in order to account for
dark energy: black holes combined with Einstein's To suggest that Einstein's theory will
gravity are the source. eventually need to be revised

To emphasize the rapid pace at which black

holes grow
To discuss the validity of an existing view of
the universe

Pride and Prejudice is an 1813 novel by Jane 11 Mark for RevieW

Austen. In the novel, the protagonist, Elizabeth
Bennet, rejects a marriage proposal from her Which quotation from Pride and Prejudice most
suitor Mr. Darcy; however, she reconsiders after effectively illustrates the claim?
seeing his family estate, Pemberley. For Elizabeth, "Her thoughts were all fixed on that one spot
a beautifully arranged landscape is a mark of of Pemberley House, whichever it might be,
f th good taste, and Austen makes this attitude clear where Mr. Darcy then was."
when she writes
"They descended the hill, crossed the bridge,
and drove to the door; and, while examining
the nearer aspect of the house, all her
apprehensions of meeting its owner
returned."

ein C "Every disposition of the ground was good;

and she looked on the whole scene-the
river, the trees scattered on its banks, and
the winding of the valley, as far as she could
trace itwith delight."
D "They entered the woods, and bidding adieu
to the river forawhile, ascended some of the
higher grounds; whence, in spots where the
opening of the trees gave the eye power to
wander"
 12 Mark for RevieW
Cars and Drivers in the United States,
1960-2010 Which choice most effectively uses data from the La
300 graph to complete the text?
250 sp
A 1970
suojIu u 200 La
Su
150
1990 se
E 100
Irr
50 2000 Pr

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

2010 Ins
Mo
Cars Drivers
tra
nee

With each passing decade, however, the number Co:

of cars on the road in the United States has
increased. In fact, at the beginning of the 21st Lac
century, Americans owned more than 250 million Ma
more cars than they owned in 1960. Moreover,
people are also purchasing more cars than they Roo
once did: although cars have consistently urb
outnumbered drivers since the mid-twentieth pro
century, that gap began to widen around who
Naw
a ro
Khu
to as
plan
mai
emp
prog
conc
gard
Conc
prov

14
 Agree Neutral Disagree 13 Mark for Review

he Lack of
12% 350% 53%% Which choice most effectively uses data from the
open Bhojpur table to complete the text?
space

Lack of pricing
support 48% 37% 12% Khutang
services education
Irrigation 32% 30%
Problems 38%
Khutang pest control

Insects 45% 26% 29% Bhojpur water access

More
training 51% 19% 26%
Khutang
needed

Cost 20% 37% 43% Bhojpur

Lack of
28% 42% 30%
Materials Khutang

Rooftop gardens have been adopted in many

rban regions around the world in order to
provide fresh fruits and vegetables to residents
whomight otherwise lack access to them. Mira
Nawal and Sandep Thaman surveyed members of
arooftop gardening program in the Bhojpur and
Khutang districts in Kathmandu, Nepal, in order
to assess their experiences growing different
plants. Although most participants planned to
maintain their gardens, residents of both districts
emphasized that certain aspects of the growing
program needed to be improved. To address the
concerns expressed by a majority of the
gardeners in Khutang, Nawal and Thaman
concluded that additional resources should be
provided for

15
 Architecture has historically evolved in parallel 14|| Mark for Review
with the technical development of Sc
reinforcements. As advances in processing and Which choice most logically completes the text? CO
shaping metals occurred during the second half of
the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, were able accommodate a greater range of m
Occupancies and functions. ex
concrete structures were reinforced with iron and
other metals to create more flexible and ba
featured elements such as larger windoWs of
adaptable spaces. Consequently, newer buildings and elevators. pr

were constructed for ornamental value

rather than functionality.
were more influenced by current artistic
movements than by architectural traditions

Ar
in
Creating unique melodies from proteins is 15 Mark for Review
achieved by using a protein-to-music algorithm, Co
ad
which begins by identifying specific elements of Which choice completes the text with the most ex
proteins such as the size and position of amino logical transition?
acids. it maps them to various musical an

kn
elements to create an auditory "blueprint" of the A
Subsequently, in
proteins' structure.
B
Moreover,
Otherwise,
Thus,
W
act
aft
to
ea

ga
hy

16
 Scientists have long theorized that scorching hot 16 Mark for Review
ocean conditions prevented the development of
complex life from reemerging until five to 10 Which choice completes the text with the most
f million years after the Permian-Triassic mass logical transition?
extinction. the discovery of fossils dating
back 250.8 million years near the Guizhou region A For example,
of China suggests that complex ecosystems were
present on Earth just one million years later. However,

Indeed,

Furthermore,
ns

An intensive study of a group of plants that 17 Mark for Review

invaded emerging deserts millions of years ago
concluded that these pioneers had developed Which choice completes the text with the most
adaptations to such stresses while living on dry, logical transition?
exposed rock outcroppings within moister areas
and even tropical forests. the plants Consequently,
known as rock daisieswere well equipped to
invade arid areas in the process of expansion. Even s0,

OSpecifically,
Meanwhile,

While high-powered telescopes have yet to 18 Mark for Review

actually detect radio emissions from the period
after the Big Bang, their results do provide clues Which choice completes the text with the most
to the composition of stars and galaxies in the logical transition?
early universe. they suggest that early
galaxies contained very few elements besides Nonetheless,
hydrogen and helium, unlike galaxies today.
Subsequently
Furthermore,
Specifically,

17
 It took over five years for the New YorkCity 19 Mark for Review
;Public Library's main building to be constructed.
More than one million books were set in place for Which choice completes the text so that it
the building's official dedication , the first conforms to the conventions of Standard English
C
patron filed a slip to request a book and received
it only siX minutes later.
on May 23, 1911, at precisely 9:08 in the
morning the following day I

on May 23, 1911 at precisely 9:08 in the

morning the following day
on May 23, 1911. At precisely 9:08 in the
morning the following day,
on May 23, 1911 at precisely 9:08 in the
morning, the following day

Measuring nearly 17 million acres in area, 20 Mark for Review

eagles, black bears, and salmon. Together with the t
Great Bear Rainforest in Canada, it makes up the Which choice completes the text so that it b
largest intact temperate rainforest on the planet, conforms to the conventions of Standard English la
A more than 400 species of wildlife live in
Alaska's Tongass National Forest, including
f
Alaska's Tongass National Forest is home to
more than 400 species of wildlife, including
the more than 400 wildlifespeciesin Alaska
Tongass National Forest include
the species in Alaska's Tongass National
Forest number more than 400 and include

18
 As part of the "Safe Passages" project, a team 21 Mark for Review
headed by studied bridges and tunnels
constructed specifically for wild animals. The Which choice completes the text so that it
sh crossings enable the creatures to roam in their conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
natural habitats, without having to cross busy
roads or come into contact with humans. A ecologist and urban planner, Nina-Marie
Lister

ecologist and urban planner, Nina-Marie

Lister,

ecologist and urban planner Nina-Marie

Lister

ecologist and urban planner Nina-Marie

Lister,

Hydrothermal vents-fissures on the seabed floor 22 Mark for Review

that discharge geothermally heated waterexist
because the earth is geologically active and has Which choice completes the text so that it
shi large amounts of water both on its surface and conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
within its crust. Relative to the majority of the
deep sea, the areas around hydrothermal vents productive, often hosting
are biologically more complex communities
to fueled by the chemicals dissolved in the vent productive; often hosting
fluids.
productive, they often host
kal
productive, and often hosting

19
The only Aldabra tortoises in the wild can be 23 Mark for Revie
found in the Aldabra Atoll, northwest of
Maiagascar in the Indian Ocean. Because of their Which choice completes the text so that it
central role in the , these animals have been conforms to the conventions of Standard Engliet
successfully used in rewilding projects on several
Western Indian Ocean islands whose natíve giant islands ecosystem
tortoise species are now extinct.
islands ecosysterm's

island's ecosystem's

islands' ecosystems

During Worid War I, the 6888th Central Postal 24 Mark for Review
Directory Battalíorn thefirst battalion of Black t
wOmen ever to serve in the United States military Which choice completes the text so that it
during each eight-hour shift. The unit, conforms to the conventions of Standard Englist
which earmed the nickname Six Triple Eight, was
also responsible for censoring letters to ensure overseas, worked around the clock seven
that nosensitíve information would compromise days a week, processing more than 65,000
the war effort. pieces of mail
B Overseas, worked around the clock seven
days a week processing more than 65,000
pieces of mail

overseas-worked around the clock seven

days a week, processing more than 65,000
pieces of mail
overseas-worked around the clock seven
days a week; processing more than 65,000
pieces of mail
 In her photographic works, Kathy Vargas creates 25 Mark for Review
multiple-exposure printsthat frequently
incorporate elements associated with Which choice completes the text so that it
h conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
cultures. These multi-layered photographs,taken
with traditional filnm and developed in a A Mexican and Pre-Columbian
darkroom, have often been described as a form of
magical realism.
Mexican, and Pre-Columbian

C Mexican and Pre-Columbiarn,

Mexican, and, Pre-Columbian

While researching a topic, a student has taken 26 Mark for Review

the following notes.
Weather forecasters currently rely on radar The student wants to introduce the different types
sh of artificial intelligence used in tornado
to predict tornadoes.
prediction. Which choice most effectively uses
Geographical features limit storms' visibility, relevant information from the notes to accomplish
and electromagnetic activity can cause thisgoal?
interference.
A Geographical features and electromagnetic
Artificial intelligence techniques may activity can both cause radar to be an
improve accuracy rates. unreliable source of information about
storms.
These techniques involve machine learning.
Geostationary satellites and ground-based Two common forms of technology used for
mapping can be used to build "genetic forecasting tornadoes are radar and artificial
profiles" of storms at risk of spinning of intelligence.
tornadoes.
C Among the machine learning strategies used
to assess a storm's chance of spawning
tornadoes are geostationary satellites and
ground-based mapping.
D Unlike radar, ground-based mapping can be
used to create profiles of the types of storms
most likely to develop into tornadoes.

21
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by
Schuyler.
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Georgina
Statue
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in whose
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part.
roleof Schuyler. Statue on on Emma
of
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studentStatue
Schuyler's Lazarus, inscribed
symbol
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goal?Thecostly
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