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    Error Detection

    Uploaded by

    Anshul bharati

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Error Detection

    Uploaded by

    Anshul bharati
    5 views20 pages

    Original Title

    error-detection

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    5 views20 pages

    Error Detection

    Uploaded by

    Anshul bharati

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Error detection and correction

    🞭 Types of Errors
    🞭 Detection
    🞭 Correction
    Basic concepts
     Networks must be able to transfer data
    from one device to another with complete
    accuracy.
     Data can be corrupted during transmission.
     For reliable communication, errors must be
    detected and corrected.
     Error detection and correction
    are implemented either at the data link
    layer or the transport layer of the OSI
    model.
    Types of Errors
    Single-bit error
    Single bit errors are the least likely
    type of errors in serial data transmission
    because the noise must have a very
    short duration which is very rare.
    However this kind of errors can happen
    in parallel transmission.
    Example:
     If data is sent at 1Mbps then each bit
    lasts only 1/1,000,000 sec. or 1 μs.
     For a single-bit error to occur, the noise
    must have a duration of only 1 μs,
    which is very rare.
    Burst error
     Burst error is most likely to happen in
    serial transmission since the duration of
    noise is normally longer than the duration of
    a bit.
     The number of bits affected depends on the
    data rate and duration of noise.
    Example:
    🞭 If data is sent at rate = 1Kbps then a noise of
    1/100 sec can affect 10 bits.(1/100*1000)

    🞭 If same data is sent at rate = 1Mbps then a noise


    of 1/100 sec can affect 10,000 bits.(1/100*106)
    ERROR DETECTION

    Error detection means to decide whether the


    received data is correct or not without having
    a copy of the original message.

    Error detection uses the concept of


    redundancy, which means adding extra bits
    for detecting errors at the destination.
    Redundancy
    Four types of redundancy checks are used
    in data communications
    Vertical Redundancy Check
    VRC
    PERFORMANCE

    🞭 It can detect single bit error


    🞭 It can detect burst errors only if the total
    number of errors is odd.
    Longitudinal Redundancy Check
    LRC
    Performance

    🞭 LCR increases the likelihood of detecting


    burst errors.
    🞭 If two bits in one data units are damaged
    and two bits in exactly the same positions in
    another data unit are also damaged, the LRC
    checker will not detect an error.
    VRC and LRC
    Cyclic Redundancy Check
    CRC
    CYCLIC REDUNDANCY CHECK
    🞭 Given a k-bit frame or message, the
    transmitter generates an n-bit
    sequence, known as a frame check
    sequence (FCS), so that the resulting
    frame, consisting of (k+n) bits, is exactly
    divisible by some predetermined
    number.
    🞭 The receiver then divides the incoming
    frame by the same number and, if there
    is no remainder, assumes that there
    was no error.
    Binary Division

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