Physics 10th Notes 22-23

VISION COLLEGE GOJRA
Physics 10TH UNIT # 10: SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION AND WAVES
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs) Prepard By: M Waqas Bhatti.
# Statement A B C D
1. When a body moves to and fro about a Random Vibratory Rotatory Linear
point its motion is:
−x x
2. The equation of Hooke’s law is: F = -kx x = -FK k= k=k
F
3. When did Christian Huygens invent the 1856 1656 1756 1959
pendulum clock?
4. If the length of simple pendulum is √𝟐 T T 2T T

doubled its time period will be: √2 2
5. Formula for the time period of simple T = 2π

√m
T = 2π
√m 𝒍 T = 2𝜋
pendulum is: g k T = 2𝛑√𝐠
6. The SI unit of amplitude is: Sec Hz m cm
7. K.E of mass spring system is maximum Extreme Mean position (a) and None of these
at: position (b)
x
8. The spring’s constant is: k=-m w = mg F = mn K=-𝐗
𝐅
9. If the length of a pendulum is one meter 1.99s 10s 1s 6s

on earth, then its time period will be:
10. Formula for the time period of mass k 𝐦 l m
attached to spring is: T = 2π√m T = 2𝛑√ 𝐤 T = 2π√m T = 4π√ k
11. In simple pendulum motion, restoring Air mgcos∅ mgsin∅ Weight of
force is provided by: resistance body
12. Number of vibrations in one second is Frequency Amplitude Displaceme Time period
called: nt
13. Unit of time period is: Second Hertz Js-1 Cs-1
14. If mass of the body is decreased by the Increased by Remained Decreased Decreased by
factor2, then period of pendulum is: the factor 2 same by the the factor 4
factor 2
15. In case of vibratory motion, time Velocity Wavelength Frequency Distance
period is reciprocal of the:
16. Relation of frequency and Time period f = T2 2 𝟏 f=T
f=T f=𝐓
is:
Unit of spring constant is: N Nm-1 Nm m
17.
18. Hooke’s law is only applicable : When body Never apply Within Out of elastic
is deformed elastic limit
limit
19. The main types of waves are: 1 2 3 4
20. Types of mechanical waves are: Radio waves X-rays Sound waves Light waves
21. Which waves do not require medium for Sound waves Mehanical Electromagn Longitudinal
their propagation? waves etic waves waves
22. In case of vibratory motion, time period is Velocity Wavelength Frequency Distance
reciprocal of the:
f = T2 2 1
23. Relation of frequency and Time period is: f=T f=T f=T
24. Wave equation is: v = λm v=λ
f v=fλ λ =m
f
25. The product of frequency and wavelength is: Time period Amplitude Wave speed Energy
-1 -1
26. A wave moves on a slinky spring with 0.6ms 1.6ms 2.6s=ms-1 3.6ms-1
frequency of 4Hz and wavelength of 0.4m,
its speed will e:
27. The relation b/w time, speed and distance is: t v = dt d t2

v= v= v= d
d t
28. The part of a wave, where the particles of Crest Through Wave Front
medium are lowest from the mean position
is called:
29. Which of the following devices can be used A string A ripple tank A helical A tuning fork
to produce both transverse and longitudinal spring(slinky
waves?
30. Waves transfer: Energy Frequency Wavelength Velocity
31. Which of the following is a method of Conduction Radiation Wave motion All of these
energy transfer?
32. In a vacuum, all electromagnetic waves have Speed Frequency Amplitude Wavelength
the same:
33. Which of the following characteristics of a Speed Frequency Amplitude Wavelength
wave is independent of the others?
34. The relation between v, f and λ of the wave Vf=λ fλ=v Vλ=f v=λ/f
is:
35. The disturbance travelling in a medium is Wave motion Simple Motion Linear Motion
called: Harmonic
Motion
36. If time period is given the frequency is 1 2 3 4
f=𝑇 f=𝑇 F=𝑇 F=𝑇
calculated as:
Physics 10TH UNIT # 01: SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION AND WAVES
SHORT QUESTIONS (SQs) Prepard By: M Waqas Bhatti.

1. Define vibratory motion.
Ans: To and fro motion of a body about its mean position is known as vibratory motion.
2. Define spring constant of spring. Write its unit
Ans: The ratio of applied force acting on a spring to increase its length is called the spring constant. Its unit is Nm-1.
𝐅
K=- .
𝐗
3. Write down characteristics of simple harmonic motion.
Ans: i. A body executing SHM always vibrates about fixed position.
ii. Its acceleration is always directed towards mean position and magnitude of this acceleration is directly
proportional to its displacement from the mean position.
4. What is restoring Force?
Ans: A restoring force always pushes or pulls the object performing oscillatory motion towards mean position.
5. Define simple harmonic motion,.
Ans: A special kind of to and fro motion in which force is directly proportional to the displacement from the mean
position and is always directed towards mean position.
6. Define simple pendulum. Write its equation of time period. Type equation here.
Ans: A simple pendulum consists of a small bob of mass “m” suspended from a light string of length “l” fixed at its
𝑙
upper end. T = 2π√g
7. Define time period of vibrating body.
Ans: Time taken by a vibrating body to complete one vibration is called time period.
8. Define amplitude.
Ans: The maximum displacement of a vibrating on either side from its mean position is called its amplitude.
9. Define vibration of a body.
Ans: One complete round trip of a vibrating body about its mean position is called one vibration.
10. What is the frequency of vibrating body?
Ans: The number of vibrations of vibrating body in one second is called its frequency. It is reciprocal of time period
𝟏
i.e , f = 𝐓.
11. Define Hook’s Law. Give its expression.

Ans: According to Hooke’s law strain produced in a body is directly proportional to the applied stress within the
elastic limit of the body and it is expressed as f ∝ x , f = kx
12. If the time period of a simple pendulum is 1.99 second find its frequency.
𝟏
Ans: Time period = 1.99 s and we know that frequency is reciprocal of time period i.e , f = 𝐓
1
f = 1.99 f = 0.5 Hz
13. What is meant by damped oscillations?
Ans: The oscillations of a system in the presence of some resistive force are called damped oscillations.
14. In vibratory motion of simple pendulum which component acts as restoring force?
Ans: In vibratory motion of simple pendulum the component of the weight mgsin∅ is directed towards the mean
position and acts as a restoring force.
15. What is meant by wave length?
Ans: The distance between two consecutive crests or two consecutive troughs is called wavelength.
16. A wave moves on a slinky with frequency of 4 Hz and wavelength of 0.4m. What is the speed of the wave?
Ans: f = 4 Hz λ = 0.4 m v=? As we know v = f λ so v = 4 x 0.4 = 1.6 ms-1
17. What is meant by Crest and Trough?
Ans: The crests are the highest points while troughs are lowest point of transverse wave from the mean position.
18. How are waves produced at surface of ripple tank?
Ans: Waves can be produced on the surface of ripple tank by means of vibrator(paddle) which is an oscillating motor fixed on
wooden plate .
19. How does crest and trough are produced in a water wave?
Ans: The crests are the highest points while troughs are lowest point of water wave from the mean position.
20. How can you define the term wave? Elaborate the difference between mechanical and electromagnetic waves?
Give examples of each.
Ans: Wave is a disturbance in the medium which causes the particles of the medium to undergo vibratory motion.
Mechanical waves: Such waves which require medium for their propagation are called mechanical waves. For example sound
waves and water waves
Electromagnetic waves. Such waves which do not require any medium for their propagation are called electromagnetic waves.
For example Radio waves, X-rays, heat and light waves
21. Distinguish between longitudinal and transverse waves with suitable examples.
Ans: In longitudinal waves the particles of medium move back and forth along the direction of propagation of wave. For example
sound wave. In case of transverse waves, the vibratory motion of particles of the medium is perpendicular to the direction of
propagation of wave. For example water waves
22. Define the following terms reflection. refraction and diffraction.
Ans: Reflection of Waves : When waves moving in one medium fall on the surface of another medium they bounce back into
first medium such that the angle of incidence is equal of to the angle of reflection.
Refraction of Waves : When a wave from one medium enters into the second medium at some angle, its direction of travel
changes.
Diffraction of Waves : The bending or spreading of waves around the sharp edges or corners of obstacles or slits is called
diffraction.
23. Give an example, which explain that energy is transferred through waves.
Ans: Drop a stone into a pond of water. Water waves will be produced on the surface of water and will travel outwards. Place a
cork at some distance from the falling stone. When waves reach the cork, it will move up and down along with the motion of the
water particles by getting energy from the waves.
This activity shows that waves transfer energy from one place to another without transferring matter. i.e., water.
24. Define Wave motion.
Ans: The disturbance travelling in the medium is called wave motion.
25. Calculate the speed of wave, when frequency is 2 Hz and wavelength is 0.1 m?
Ans: f = 2 Hz λ = 0.1 m v=? As we know v = f λ so v = 2 x 0.1 = 0.2 ms-1
26. What do you know about Ripple tank?

Ans: Ripple tank is a device to produce water waves and to study their characteristics.
LONG QUESTIONS (LQs)

1. (a) Define simple harmonic motion. Also prove that the motion of a mass attached to a spring is SHM.
(b) The time period of the simple pendulum is 2s. What will be its length on the Earth? What will be its length on moon if g m=
ge/6? Where ge=10ms-2.
2. (a) Explain that motion of a bob of a simple pendulum is an example of S.H.M.

(b) A pendulum of length 0.99 m is taken to the moon by an astronaut. The time period of the pendulum is 4.9s. What is the
value of g on surface of the moon?
3. (a) Define a mechanical wave. Explain its different types with suitable examples.
(b) Find the time periods of a simple pendulum of 1 meter length, placed on earth and moon. The value of g on the surface of
moon is1/6th of its value on Earth, where ge, is 10ms-2.
4. (a) Derive wave equation.

(b) A simple pendulum completes on vibration in two seconds. Calculate its length, when g = 10.0ms -2
5. (a) Write down important features of S.H.M.

(b) A wave moves on a slinky with frequency of 0.4m. What is the speed of the wave?
Physics 10TH UNIT # 11: SOUND
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs) Prepared By: M Waqas Bhatti.
# Statement A B C D
1. Sound can travel through Gas Liquids Solids All of them
2. Sound is form of____energy: Electrical Mechanical Thermal Chemical
Bodies at Vibrating
3. Sound is always producd by: Moving body None of these
rest body
In our laboratory, the device which is used to produce Tape
4. Vibrating body Tuning fork Radio
particular sound is called: recorder
When we strike the tuning fork on a rubber pad, the
5. Prongs Stem Middle part None of them
vibration of tuning fork can be felt by touching its:
Regions in which pressure of air is greater than the Compressional Longitudina
6. Compressions Refractions
normal atmosphere pressure is called: waves l waves
Which of these waves consist of compression and Television
7. Radio wave Sound wave X-rays
rarefactions? wave
8. Sound waves cannot travel through: Air Water Vaccuum Iron
9. Unit of intensity of sound is: Wm Wm-1 Wm-2 Wm-1m-2
To distinguish between a shrill and grave sound is
10. Quality Intensity Pitch Loudness
called:
11. Unit of sound level is bel, 1 bel = ____ 10 dB 50 dB 100 dB 1000 dB
I I I I0
12. Sound level in dB is given by: Log I dB Log dB 10 Log I dB Log dB
0 I 0 I
13. The sound level of whisper is: 10 dB 30 dB 40 dB 70 dB
The characteristic of sound by which we can
14. distinguish between two sounds of same loudness and Intensity Quality Loudness Pitch
pitch is called:
If the amplitude of the vibrating body is large, the None of
15. Weak Faintest Loud
sound produced will be: above
Larger the distance between the vibrating body and the None of the
16. Louder Faintest Loud
listener, the sound will be: above
Defective
17. A` sound appears louder to a person with: Sensitive ears Large ears Small ears
ears
Sound energy flowing per second through a unit area
18. held perpendicular to the direction of sound waves is Intensity Loudness Pitch Quality
called the:
Directly Inversely Independent
Equal to
19. The pitch and frequency of sound are: proportional to proportional of each
each other
each other to each other other’s
20. Speed of sound is greater in: Gases Liquids Solids Same in all
21. The speed of sound in air at 0oC is: 317ms-1 346ms-1 386ms-1 331ms-1
How many times speed of sound is greater in water
22. 2 Time 3 Time 4 Time 5 Time
than air?
If spread of sound is 320 ms-1, the distance covered in
23. 221 m 480 m 446 m 384 m
a time of 1.5 s will be:
The level of noise recommended in most countries
24. 82 – 90dB 83 – 90dB 84 – 90dB 85 – 90dB
over at hour workday is usually:
For a normal person audible frequency range for 10Hz and 20Hz and 25Hz and 30Hz and
25.
sound wave lies between: 10kHz 20kHz 25kHz 30kHz
Physics 10TH UNIT # 02: SOUND
SHORT QUESTIONS (SQs) Prepared By: M Waqas Bhatti.

15. Define sound.
Ans: Sound is a form of energy which is produced by a vibrating body. Sound travels in the form of waves from one place to
another place.
16. What are necessary conditions for production of sound?

Ans: There are two necessary conditions for production of sound. 1- Sound is produced by vibrating body 2- Sound requires
material medium for its propagation.
17. Define loudness.

Ans: It is a characteristic of sound by which we can distinguish between loud and faint sounds.
18. What is stethoscope?

Stethoscope is an instrument used by doctors. When the chest piece of a stethoscope is placed on the patient's body then vibrations
are produced in its diaphragm. These vibrations create acoustic pressure waves which after multiple reflections travel through the air
filled hollow tubes and reach to the doctor's ear.
19. Define quality of sound.

Ans: The characteristic of sound by which we can distinguish between two sounds of same loudness and pitch is called quality.
20. What is meant by pitch of sound?

Ans: It is the characteristics of sound by which we can distinguish between shrill and grave sound.
21. Why sound waves are named as mechanical waves?
Ans: Sound waves require some material medium for their propagation so they are called mechanical waves.
22. On what factors does the loudness of sound depend?

Ans: Loudness of sound depends upon following factors, 1) Amplitude of vibrating body 2) Area of vibrating body 3) Distance
from vibrating body 4) Intensity of sound 5) Physical condition of ear.
23. Define intensity of sound. Also write its S.I unit.
Ans: Sound energy passing per second through a unit area held perpendicular to the direction of sound waves is called the
intensity of sound. Its S.I unit is Wm-2.
24. What is tuning fork?

Ans: Tuning fork is an instrument which is used to produce a sound of particular frequency.
25. Define sound intensity level. Write its formula and unit.
Ans: The difference between the loudness of an unknown sound and the loudness of faintest audible sound is called the intensity
I
level or sound level of the unknown sound. It is given by: Intensity Level (Sound Level) = 10 Log dB
I0
26. What is meant by decibel scale?

Ans: If the intensity I of an unknown sound is 10 times greater than the intensity of faintest audible sound i.e., I= 10 I0 and the
intensity of such sound is taken as unit then this unit is called bel. Bel is a large unit. Usually a smaller unit decibel is used which is
1 bel= 10 bel
27. Define zero bel.

Ans: The intensity of faintest audible sound is 10Wm-2. it is taken as reference intensity. It is called zero bel.
28. What is meant by reflection of sound and echo?

Ans: When sound is incident on the surface of a medium it bounces back into the first medium. This phenomenon is called echo
or reflection of sound.
29. What is audible frequency range? Write its value for human ear.
Ans: The range of frequencies which a human ear can hear is called audible frequency range. The audible frequency range for
human ear is 20 Hz to 20, 000 Hz.
30. What is silent whistle? Write its frequency limits.

Ans: Some people use silent whistle to call dogs whose frequency lies between 20,000 Hz to 25, 000 Hz. It is silent for human
but not for dogs due to their higher audible frequency range.
31. What is the difference between musical sound and noise?

Ans: Musical Sound: Such sound which have pleasant effect on our ears are called musical sounds. For example sound
produced by piano and flute. Noise: Such sound which have jarring and unpleasant effect on our ears are called noise. For example
sound produced by traffic and factories.
32. Define noise pollution.

Ans: Any form of sound which disturbs the normal functioning of human community is called noise pollution.
33. What is acoustic protection?

Ans: The technique or method is used to absorb undesirable sounds by soft and porous surfaces are called acoustic protection.
34. What is meant by ultrasound and infrasound?

Ans: Ultrasound: sounds of frequency higher than 20,000 Hz which are inaudible to normal human ear are called ultrasound.
Infrasound: sounds of frequency less than 20 Hz which are inaudible to normal human ear are called infrasound.
35. What is meant by SONAR?

Ans: Ultrasonic waves are used to locate the objects lying deep on ocean floor. This technique is called SONAR( sounds
navigation and ranging). SONAR ranging is also used to see the shape and size of objects.

1. (a) Explain the longitudinal nature of sound wave with example.
(b) If at Anarkali bazaar Lahore, the sound intensity level is 80dB, what will be sound intensity there?
2. (a) What is intensity level of sound? Derive a relation for it.
(b) A doctor counts 72 heartbeats in 1 min. Calculate the frequency and period of the hearbeats.
3 (a) What is ultra sound? Write down its five uses.
(b) A student clapped his hands near a cliff and heard the echo after 5 s. What is the distance of the cliff from the student if
the speed of the sound, v is taken as 346ms-1?
Physics 10TH UNIT # 12 Geometrical Optics
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs) By: M Waqas Bhatti.
# Statement A B C D
1. The focal length of spherical mirror is equal 𝐑 R 4R 2R
to: 𝟐 4
2. The principal focus of a concave mirror is: Virtual Real a&b None
3. In concave mirror, which surface is Inner curved Outer curved Side of mirror All of these
reflecting? surface surface
4. The relation between f and R is: R = 2f f 2 R=f
R=2 R= f
5. Focal length of the concave mirror is: Virtual Real a&b None
6. A mirror whose inner curved surface is Convex mirror Concave mirror Both convex and None of the above
reflecting is called: concave mirrors
7. A mirror whose outer curved surface is Convex mirror Concave mirror Both convex One of the above
reflecting is called: and concave
mirrors
8. The center of the mirror is called: Principal focus Optical center Aperture Pole
9. The principle focus of concave mirror is: Real focus Virtual focus Aperture Pole
10. To see the automobiles coming from behind Concave mirror Convex mirror Both concave and None of the above
in motor cycle and automobiles we use: convex
11. In case of convex mirror, image is always: Virtual Real Positive Double
12. The line joining the pole and the center of Aperture Diameter Radius Principal axis
curvature of the mirror is called:
13. In a convex mirror, focus is: Virtual Real Positive Double
14. Index of refraction of diamond is: 1.33 1.52 2.21 2.42
15. sin i
= is called: Boyle’s law Charles’s law Snell’s law Newton’s law
sin r
16. The value of refractive index of water is: 2.33 1.36 1.33 1.39
17. The index of refraction depends on: Focal length Speed of light Image distance Object distance
18. `The speed of light in water is approximately: 2.3 × 108 ms-1 2.5 × 108 ms-1 2 × 108 ms-1 3 × 108 ms-1
19. The speed of light in glass is: 2.3 × 108 ms-1 2.5 × 108 ms-1 2 × 108 ms-1 3 × 108 ms-1
20. Refractive index of Air is: 1.36 1.00 1.31 1.33

v 𝐜
21. The refractive index of medium is: n = cv v = cn c=c n=𝐯
22. The speed of light in vacuum and the speed of Almost equal Exactly equal Very different None of the above
light in air is:
23. When light enters from dense medium to rare Towards the Away from the In the same In any direction
medium it bends: normal normal medium
24. The angle of incidence for which angle of Angle of refraction Oblique angle Critical angle Total internal
refraction becomes 90O is called: reflection
25. The critical angle of glass is: 42O 45 O 90 O 0O
26. Conditions for total internal reflection are: 2 3 4 5
27. Critical angle of water is: 48.2 O 48.4 O 48.6 O 48.8 O
28. In order to have total internal reflection, the Rare to denser Denser to rare Rare to rare Denser to denser
ray of light travel form: medium medium medium medium
29. Type of lens are: 1 2 3 4
30. Formula for power of lens: 1 P=f 𝟏 None

P=R P= 𝐟
31. The power of lens is reciprocal of: Focal length Dioptre Focal point Principal focus
32. The SI unit of power of lens is: Hertz Volt Dioptre Decibel
33. The focal length of concave lens is taken as: Positive Greater Shorter Negative
34. If image obtained from a concave lens is Small Large Virtual Real
always:
35. For finding a virtual and erect image by Between Pole and At F Between F and 2F Beyond 2F
converging lens, object should be placed: F
36. To get virtual image from a convex lens the On F Between F and Between O and F Beyond 2F
object is kept: 2F
37. Focal length of a convex lens is: Positive Negative Double None
38. If the image is virtual then its distance from Positive Negative Double Half
lens is taken:
39. The index of refraction depends on: The focal length The speed of The image The object distance
light distance
40. The diameter of reflecting surface of spherical Curvature Aperture Sphere Both a and b
mirror is called:
41. The center of curved surface of spherical Focus Axis Centre Pole
mirror is called:
42. Half of radius of curvature is called: Focal length Principal focus Axis Aperture
43. The point through which rays of light pass Focus Circle Axis Radius
after reflection from concave mirror is called
principal:
44. The ray of light after reflection from convex Centre Principal focus Pole Radius of curvature
mirror passes through:
45. The distance of the object from the mirror is q p m F
represented by:
46. Focal length for concave mirror is: -ve +ve Same Zero
47. To correct the defect of vision farsightedness Converging lens Diverging lens Both All of these
which type of lens is used:
48. The refractive index of ice is: 1.33 1.00 1.31 1.36
49. Optical fibers works on the principal of: Reflection Refraction Total internal Diffraction
reflection
50. The types of spherical mirrors are: 2 4 6 8
SHORT QUESTIONS (SQs)

1. Define reflection of light.
Ans: The bouncing back of light from other medium or any polished surface is called reflection of light.
2. What are the laws of reflection?

Ans: There are two laws of reflection: 1- The angle of incidence ‘i’ is equal to the angle of reflection ‘r’. 2. The incident ray, the reflected ray
and normal at the point of incidence is, all lie in the same plane.
3. What is the difference between regular and irregular reflection.

Ans: Regular reflection: The reflection from smooth surfaces is called regular reflection. Irregular reflection: The reflection from
rough surfaces is called regular reflection.
4. Define spherical mirrors.

Ans: Spherical mirrors are the part of reflecting surface of hollow sphere of glass or plastic.
5. Explain concave mirror and convex mirror with diagram.
Ans: Concave mirror: Spherical mirror whose inner curved surface is reflecting is called concave mirror.
Convex mirror: Spherical mirror whose outer curved surface is reflecting is called convex mirror.
6. Define pole.
Ans: The centre of spherical mirror is called pole of mirror. It is denoted by P.
7. Define centre of curvature.

Ans: Spherical mirror is the part of sphere, the centre of this sphere is called centre of curvature. It is denoted by C.
8. Define radius of curvature.

Ans: Spherical mirror is the part of sphere, the radius of this sphere is called radius of curvature. It is denoted by R.
9. Differentiate between pole and optical centre.

Ans: Pole: The centre of spherical mirror is called pole of mirror. It is denoted by P. Optical centre: The centre of a lens which lies on
principal axis is called optical centre. It is denoted by C.
10. Define mirror formula.

Ans: It is the relationship between object distance “p” , image distance “q” from the mirror and focal length “f” of the mirror. It
1 1 1
is written as 𝑓 = 𝑝 + 𝑞
11. If p=6cm, f=10cm mirror is concave find q?

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Ans: We Know that 𝒇 = 𝒑 + 𝒒 so to find q we rearrange formula as under:
1 1 1 1 1 3−5 −2
=𝑓- = - = = hence q= -15 cm . image is virtual, erect and behind the mirror.
𝑞 𝑝 10 6 30 30
12. Define refraction of light.
Ans: The process of bending of light as it passes from one transparent medium to another is called refraction.
13. State laws of refraction.
Ans: Ans: The refraction of takes place according to following laws : 1. The incident ray , the refracted ray and normal at the point of incidence ,
all lie in the same plane 2. The ratio of sin of angle of incidence ‘i' to the sin of angle of refraction ‘r' is constant. This constant ratio is called
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒊
refractive index of the second medium with respect to first medium. It is denoted by n= 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒓 This is called Snell’s law.
14. State snell’s law.
Ans: The ratio of sin of angle of incidence ‘i' to the sin of angle of refraction ‘r' is constant. This constant ratio is called refractive index of the
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒊
second medium with respect to first medium. It is denoted by n= 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒓 This is called Snell’s law.
15. Define total internal reflection.
Ans: When a ray of light enters a rare medium from a denser medium in such a way that angle of incidence is greater than critical angle, and then
the ray reflects totally inside and does not emerge out from the denser medium. This is called total internal reflection.
16. What is critical angle?
Ans: The angle of incidence for which angle of reflection is 900 is called critical angle.
17. What are optical fibers?
Ans: Fiber optics consists of hair size threads of glass or plastic through which light can be travelled in terms of total internal reflection.
18. Write down the function of bronchoscope, cystoscope and gastroscope.
Ans: Bronchoscope: The endoscope used to examine the throat is called bronchoscope.
Cystoscope: The endoscope used to examine the bladder and liver is called cystoscope.
Gastroscope: The endoscope used to examine the stomach is called gastroscope.
19. Define lens.
Ans: Lens is a transparent material having two surfaces, of which at least one is curved.
20. Define lens formula and write its equation.
Ans: It is the relationship between object distance “p” , image distance “q” from the lens and focal length “f” of the lens.
1 1 1
It is written as 𝑓 = 𝑝 + 𝑞
21. What is the difference between convex lens & concave lens?
Ans: Convex lens: The lens which causes parallel rays to converge at a point is known as convex or converging lens. This lens is thick at
the centre and thin at the edges.
Concave lens: The lens which causes parallel rays to diverge from a point is called concave or diverging lens. This lens is thin at the centre
and thick at the edges.
22. Define principal focus of lens.

Ans: The light rays travelling parallel to principal axis of a convex lens after refraction meet at a point on principal axis, called principal focus or
focal point.
23. Write uses of lenses.
Ans: Lenses are used in many optical devices such as camera, slide projector and photograph enlarger.
24. Define principal axis and principal focus of mirrors.
Ans: A line joining the pole of the mirror and the centre of curvature is called principal axis. The light rays travelling parallel to principal axis
of a concave mirror after reflection meet at a point on principal axis, called principal focus or focal point.
25. What is linear magnification?
𝒒
Ans: If the image and object are in the same medium it is just the image distance divided by the object distance. It is denoted by m =𝒑
26. What are the types of defects in vision?
Ans: There are two types of defects of vision.
1. Nearsightedness: In this defect a man cannot see distant objects clearly but he can see near objects clearly. 2. Farsightedness: In this defect
a man cannot see near objects clearly but he can see near objects clearly.
27. Define refractive index? What are its units?

Ans: The refractive index “n” of a medium is the ratio of the speed of light in air to the speed of light in the medium. It has not unit.
28. Describe the simple microscope.
Ans: A magnifying glass is a convex lens which is used to produce magnified images of small objects. Hence it is also called simple microscope.
29. What are the applications of lenses?
Ans: Lenses are used in many optical devices such as camera, slide projector and photograph enlarger.
30. What is prism?

Ans: A prism is transparent object having two triangular and three rectangular surfaces.
31. Define resolving power?
Ans: The resolving power of an instrument is its ability to distinguish between two closely placed objects or point sources.
32. What is the relation between focal length and radius of curvature of a spherical mirror?
𝑹
Ans: Focal length is one half of the radius of curvature so f = 𝟐
33. Define accommodation.
Ans: The variation of focal length of eye lens to form a sharp image on retina is called accommodation.
34. What do you mean by near point and far point of vision?
Ans: Near Point: The near point of the eye is minimum distance of an object from the eye at which it produces a sharp image on retina.
Far Point: The far point of the eye is the maximum distance of a distant object from the eye on which the fully relaxed eye can focus.

1. What is reflection of light? Explain laws of reflection.
2. Define refraction of light and write laws of refraction.
3. Explain image formation by convex lens when object is placed at different positions.
4. Describe how total internal reflection is used in optical fibers?
5. Describe simple microscope and derive magnifying power formula.
6. Write a note on near sightedness and farsightedness. Also describe their correction.
NUMERICAL
1. An object and its image in concave mirror are the same height, yet inverted when the object is 20.0 cm from the mirror. What is the
focal length of the mirror?
2. Find the focal length of a mirror that forms an image 5.66cm in front of the mirror. Is the mirror concave or convex?
3. An image of a statue appears to be 11.5cm behind a concave mirror with focal length 13.5cm. Find the distance from the statue to the
mirror.
4. An object 4 cm high is placed at a distance of 12cm from a convex lens of focal length 8cm. calculate the position and size of the
image. Also state the nature of the image.
5. An object 10cm high is placed at a distance of 20cm from a concave lens of focal length 15cm. Calculate the position and size of the
image. Also, state the nature of the image.
6. A convex lens of focal length 6cm is to be used to form a virtual image three times the size of the object. Where must the lens be
placed?
7. An object 10.0 cm in front of convex mirror form an image 5.0 cm behind the mirror. What is the focal length of the mirror?
Physics 10TH UNIT # 13 Electrostatics
# Statement A B C D
1. Attracts other Repels other Attract a neutral Repels a neutral
A positive electric charge:
positive charge positive charge charge charge
2. If the presence of a charged body, an
insulated conductor has like charge at one Electromagnetic Electrostatic Charging
Discharging
end and unlike charges at the other and induction induction Discharging
then this is called the:
3. If we bring a charged rod near an insulated
conductor the charge which appears on the Positive Negative Same Different
conductor at near and of the rod will be:
4. If we bring charged rod near an insulated
conductor the charge appears on the Positive Negative Same Different
conductor at far end of the rod will be:
5. Electrostatics is the branch of physics
At rest Suspended In motion Neutral particles
which deals with the charges:
6. q1 q2 kq2 q k
Formula for coulomb’s force is: F=k F= F = k r12 F=
r2 r2 r2
7. The value of k in SI unit is: 9×1020 Nm2c-2 8×109 Nm2c-2 9×109 Nm2c-2 10×10-9 Nmc-2
8. The value of constant K in coulomb’s law Magnitude of Medium Distance between
Size of charges
depends upon: charges between charges charges
9. According to coulomb’s law, a force of Two charged Two smaller
Any two bodies Two larger bodies
attraction or repulsion acts between: bodies bodies
10. If the distance between two charged
bodies is much larger than their size, the Far bodies Near bodies Point bodies Large bodies
bodies are considered as:
11. SI unit of charge is coulomb which is 6.25 × 1018 6.25 × 10-13 6.25 × 10-18 6.25 × 1018
equal to the charge of: neutrons neutrons electrons electrons
12. The distance between two point charges is
10cm, If the distance becomes 20 cm, the One half Two times One fourth Four times
coulomb’s force will become:
13. The formula of electric field intensity is: F 1 q0
E=q E = Fq0 E = Fq E=
0 0 F
14. The unit of electric field intensity is: ms-1 Ns Nm NC-1
15. The unit of electric potential is: Js JC-1 J Jm-1
16. In an electric circuit when electrons move
Lose energy Gain energy Gain potential Lose their identity
from low to high potential they will:
17. SI unit of electric potential is: Coulomb Volt Farad Joule
18. q W
Formula for electric potential is: V=W V= q = vW q = qF
q
19. ` Capacitors are used to store: Resistance Voltage Charge Current
20. I micro Farad is equal to: 1×10-3F 1×10-4F 1×10-6F 1×10-5F
21. S.I unit of capacitance is: Newton Volt Coulomb Farad
22. If 4 Coulomb charge is given to the plates of a
capacitor and potential between the pleas is 2F 4F 6F 8F
2V volt then its capacitance is:
23. If three capacitors of 3pF, 4pF and 5pF are
connected in parallel with a battery of 6V. 6pF 12Pf 14pF 16pf
Total capacitance will be:
24. The value of 1 nano farad is: 1 × 106F 1 × 10-9F 1 × 10-12F 1 × 10-6F
25. Type of combination of capacitors are: 2 3 4 5
26. In series combination of capacitors, each Charge and
Voltage Charge Capacitance
capacitor will have same: Voltage
27. Q V 1
Capacitance of any capacitor is equal to: QV
V Q QV
28. Which one is incorrect when three Q= Qeq =
V1=V2=V3=V Q1 = Q2=Q3=Q
capacitors are connected in parallel? Q1+Q2+Q3 C1+C2+C3
29. The total capacitance of three capacitors 1
Ce = C +C +C
1 1 1 1
= C +C +C
1 1 1
= C1+C2+C3
Ce
Ce = C1+C2+C3 Ce
in parallel combination is given by: 1 2 3 1 2 3
30. The equivalent capacitance for series 1

Ce = C +C +C
1 1 1
= C1+C2+C3
1 1 1
= C +C +C
1
Ce = C1+C2+C3 Ce Ce
combination of capacitor then it is called: 1 2 3 1 2 3
31. According to Coulomb’s law, what

happens to the attraction of two oppositely Remains Cannot be
Increases Decreases
charged objects as their distance of unchanged determined
separation increases?
32. Five joules of work is needed to shift 10 C
of charge from one place to another. The 0.5 V 2V 5V 10 V
potential difference between the places is:
33. Capacitance is defined as: VC Q/V QV V/Q
34. In SI the unit of charge is: Joule Volt Coulomb Watt
35. If we double the distance between two 1
4-times th Double Half
charges, the columb force becomes: 4
36. Nature of
Value of ‘k’ depends upon: System of unit Both (a) and (b) None of these
medium
37. Electric field lines were introduced by: Faraday Newton Coulomb Joule
38. The unit of electrical energy is: Joule Watt Volt Electron(eV)
39. Static electricity can be generated by: Lubrication Friction Motion Smaller the objects
40. If the distance between two point charges
is reduced to half, the coulomb’s force Half Two times One fourth Four times
become:
41. Which type of capacitor is cylindrical in Variable
Paper capacitor Mica capacitor Plates capacitor
shape? capacitor
42. Parallel plate consist of 2 metal plates
Conductor Insulator Wooden plate Plastic foam
separated by:
43. One joule per coulomb is called: Volt Farad Ampere Tesla
44. The substances which do not have free
Insulatorss Conductors Semiconductors None of these
electrons are called:

1. Define charge and write down its types.
Ans: It is the basic property of elementary particles of matter. Charges are of two different types .These charges may be positive or negative.
2. How charge is produced. Write one example.

Ans: We can produce charge by rubbing a neutral body with another neutral body. For example, when you rub a plastic rod with fur the
electrons are transferred from fur to plastic rod. So amount of positive and negative charge on the plastic rod will not be equal. As a result the rod
will have more negative charge than positive charge, so the rod will have a net negative charge.
3. Define electroscope. Also describe its structure.
Ans: The gold leaf electroscope is a sensitive instrument for detecting charges. It consists of a brass rod with a brass disk at the top and two
thin leaves of gold foil hanging at the bottom. The rod passes through an insulator that keeps the rod in place. Charges can move freely from
the disk to the leaves through the rod.
4. How electroscope is used to detect presence of charge?

Ans: In order to detect the presence of the charge on anybody, bring the body near the disk of an uncharged electroscope. If the body is
neutral there will be no deflection of the leaves. But if the body is positively or negatively charged, the leaves of the electroscope diverge.
5. Define electrostatic induction.
Ans: In the presence of charged body, an insulated conductor develops positive charge at one end and negative charge at the other end. This
process is called electrostatic induction.
6. Define Coulomb’s law and give its mathematical form.
Ans: The force of attraction or repulsion between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of magnitude of charges and
q1 q2
inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. F = k
r2
7. What is the numerical value of ‘k; in Coulomb’s law?
Ans: If the medium between two charges is air, then the value of “k” in SI units will be 9×109 Nm2 C-2 .
8. Which is meant by electric field of charge?
Ans: The electric field is a region around a charge in which it exerts an electrostatic force on another charges.
9. Define electric field intensity? Write its formula and unit.
Ans: The electric field intensity at any point is defined as the force acting on a unit positive charge placed at that point.
F
The electric filed intensity would be given by as E = . It SI unit is NC-1.
q0
10. Define electric field lines. Who introduced them?
Ans: The direction of electric field intensity in an electric field can be represented by drawing lines. These lines are known as electric lines of
force. These lines were introduced by Michael Faraday.
11. Define volt.
Ans: If one joule of work is done against the electric filed in bringing one coulomb positive charge from infinity to a point in the electric
field then the potential at that point will be one volt.
12. Define Electric Potential and also write it’s its S.I unit.
Ans: Electric potential at a point in an electric field is equal to the amount of work done in bringing a unit positive charge from infinity to
W
that point. V= . Its SI unit is volt which is equal to JC-1 .
q
13. Define potential difference and write its unit.
Ans: The energy supplied by a unit positive charge as it moves from one point to the other in the direction of the field is called potential
difference between two points. Unit of potential difference is volt.
14. What is meant by capacitor?
Ans: Capacitor is a device which is used to store charges for long period.
15. Define capacitance. State its formula and SI unit.
Q
Ans: The capacity of a capacitor to store charge is called capacitance. It is given by as C= . SI unit of capacitance is farad (F).
V
16. What is meant by dielectric?
Ans: The medium between two plates of capacitors is air or sheet of some insulator. This medium is known as dielectric.
17. Define the unit of capacitance.
Ans: The unit of capacitance is farad. It is defined as if one coulomb of charge given to plates of the capacitors produces a potential
difference of one volt between the plates of the capacitors then its capacitance would be one farad.
18. Describe the construction of a capacitor.
Ans: It consists of two thin metal plates, parallel to each other with a very small distance between them. The medium between two plates is
air or sheet of some insulator. This medium is known as dielectric.
19. Write two properties of capacitors in parallel.
Ans: 1. Each capacitor connected to a battery of voltage V has the same potential difference V across it. So V 1= V2=V3=V
2. The charge on the plates of each capacitor will be different due to different value of capacitances.
20. Which factors affect the ability of a capacitor to store charge?
Ans: Three factors affect the ability of a capacitor to store charge. 1. Area of plates 2. Distance between plates
3. Type of insulator used between plates.
21. Define farad.
Ans: The unit of capacitance is farad. It is defined as if one coulomb of charge given to plates of the capacitors produces a potential
difference of one volt between the plates of the capacitors then its capacitance would be one farad.
22. Write the names of different types of capacitors?
Ans: Capacitors have different types depending upon their construction and the nature of dielectric used in them.
1. Fixed capacitors 2. Paper capacitors 3. Mica capacitors 4. Variable capacitors 5. Electrolytic capacitors.
23. What is electrostatic air cleaner?
Ans: The electrostatic air cleaner is used in homes to relieve the discomfort of allergy suffers.
24. What is “Faraday cage”?
Ans: Faraday cage is a hollow conductor, in which the charge remains on the external surface of the cage. Faraday cage shields its contents
from static electric fields.
25. Define point charge. OR what is meant by point charge.
Ans: Those charges whose sizes are very small as compared to the distance between them are called point charges.
26. Write the formula of parallel combination of capacitor.
Ans: The formula of parallel combination of capacitor is Ceq = C1+C2+C3
27. On a dry day if we walk in a carpeted from and then touch some conductor we will get a small electric shock. Can
you tell why does it happen?
Ans: In a dry day when you walk in a carpeted room, your body is charged due to friction. That is why when you touch a conductor you will
get an electric shock.
28. Is voltage and potential difference considered as same quantity?
Ans: Yes, for example if we suppose that voltage across a capacitor is 12 V, it also means that the potential difference between its plates is
12 V.
NUMERICAL
1. The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is 100𝜇F. If the potential difference between its plates is 50 volts, find the
quantity of charge stored on each plate.
2. The charge of how many negatively charged particles would be equal to 100𝜇C. Assume charge on one negative particle is
1.6 × 10-19C?
3. Two point charges q1=10𝜇C and q2=5𝜇C are placed at a distance of 150cm. What will be the Coulomb’s force between
them? Also find the direction of the force.
4. The force of repulsion between two identical positive charges of 0.8 N, when the charges are 0.1m apart. Find the value of
each charge.
5. The electric potential at a point in an electric field is 104v. If a charge of +100 𝜇C is brought from infinity to this point.
What would be the amount of work done on it?
6. A capacitor holds 0.03 coulombs of charge when fully charged by a 6-Volt battery. How much voltage would be required
for it to hold 2 coulombs of charge?
7. A point of charge of +2C is transferred from a point at potential 100V to a point at potential 50V, what would be the
energy supplied by the charge?
1. Derive the formula for the effective capacitance for a parallel combination of a number of capacitors.
2. Derive the formula of equivalent capacitance of series combination and also explain it.
3. Define and Explain Coulomb’s Law.
4. Write down about the different types capacitors.
5. How can be identified conductors and insulators with the help of electroscope?
6. How is electroscope used to detect the type of charge on body?
Physics 10TH UNIT # 14: Current Electricity

# Statement A B C D
1. 𝐐 1
Formula for current is: 1 = Qt 1= 1=Q All
𝐭
2.
SI unit of current is: Coulomb Ampere Volt Farad
3.
1 milli Ampere is: 10-3 A 10-5 A 10-6 A 10-9 A
4. If 0.5C charge passes through a wire
20 A 5A 0.05A 5mA
in 10 seconds then current will be:
5. A 100 watts bulb is connected to 250
volts supply, The current flowing 0.4 2.5 4.8 14.5
through the bulb is______amperes.
6. In metals, current produced only due
Protons Electrons Free Electrons Neutrons
to the flow of:
7. The rate of flow of electric charge
Electrostatics Electric current E.m.f Voltage
through and cross-sectional is called:
8. A resistance which is connected with
Very high
the galvanometer in order to convert it High resistance Low reistance Very low resistance
resistance
into ammeters should have:
9. In order to measure the current in a Parallel to In series in May be parallel or
None of them
circuit, ammeter should connect: battery circuit in series
10.
The unit of potential difference is: Joule Coulomb Farad Volt
11. J W W Q
Formula of E.m.f is equal to: E=Q E= E= E=
I Q I
12. The unit of E.m.f in SI system is volt,
J Jm-1 JS-1 JC-1
which is equal to:
13. 1 R
Formula for ohm’s law is: V = IR V=
R
V= V = IRT
1
14. V
oUnit of resistance is: Farad Coulomb Ohm Volt
15. Metallic
Ohm’s law is applicable to: Liquids only Gases only Both a & b
conductors only
16. `
Which one is OHMIC in nature? Thermister Filament Lamp Fixed Resister Variable Resistor
17.
When resistance are connected in
series, the current passing through Different Zero Same None
them is:
18.
The equivalent of resistance for series 1
=
1
+ +
1 1 1
=
V V
+ +
V
Re R1 R2 R3 Re R1 R2 R3
Re=R1+R2+R3 Re=VR1+VR2+VR3
combination is given by:
19.
The expression for total current
1=11=12=13 1=11+12+13 1=11=12-13 1=11=12x13
through parallel combination is:
20. Which one is not true for electric QV
P=I2R P= P = IR P = IV
power? t
21.
The unit of electric power is: Ampere Watt Joule Volt
22.
IkWh=______ 2 MJ 3 MJ 3.6 MJ 4.6 MJ
23. SI unit of electric power is: 1w=Jsec 1W=J-1sec-1 1W=Jsec-1 1W=J-1sec
24. The electric power of washing
50 750 100 800
machine is watt is:
25. Are the same Are the Have different
Electric potential and e.m.f Both (b) and (c)
terms different terms units
26. What type of graph is in between V
Curved Parabola Straight line Linear
and I, if metal obeys ohm’s law?
27. The A.C used in Pakistan has
60 Hz 30 HZ 50 HZ 130 HZ
frequency:
28. When resistance are connected in
parallel, the current passing through Same Zero Different Infinite
them is:
29. Battery is one of the source of: Heat Light Current Sound
30. A fuse is connected in series with: Neutral wire Live wire Earth wire Cable wire
SHORT QUESTIONS (SQs) Ch#14 Current Electricity By: M Waqas Bhatti.

1. Define current and write its formula and unit.
Ans: The rate of flow of electric charge through any cross-sectional area is called electric current if the charge (Q) is passing
through an area A in time t second , when the current I will be I=Q/t
2. Define ampere.
Ans: If one coulomb charge passes through any cross sectionin one second then current through that surface is one ampere
3. What is meant by conventional current?

Ans: Current flowing from positive to negative terminal of battery due to flow of positive charges is called conventional current
4. What is galvanometer?
Ans: Galvanometer is a very sensitive instrument by which we can detect the presence of current in a circuit. In order to detect
current in a circuit. The galvanometer us connected in the circuit in series. Galvanometer is also used to indicate the potential
difference between two points in a circuit
5. Define e.m.f and give its formula and unit.

Ans: Electromotive force is the energy supplied by a battery to a unit positive charge when it flows through the closed circuit..
Or
The energy converted from non-electrical forms to electric from when one coulomb of positive charge passes through the battery
Thus e.m.f = Energy/Change
E = W/Q
6. What is difference between cell and battery?

Ans: The cell is the basic single electrochemical unit which converts chemical energy to electrical energy. A single cell provides
two volts
OR
Battery are meant to supply current (power) to drive some apparatus they may be only a single cell or they made up of several cells
in series a 12 volt battery contains 6 cells
7. Define Ohm’s law and give its relation.

Ans: The amount of current passing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference applied across it’s ends ,
provided the temperature and the physical state of conductor dose not change
If V the potential difference across the two ends of a conductor and I is current , then according to Ohm’s law
V=IR
8. Define ohmic and non-ohmic materials.

Ans: Ohmic Conductor : Materials that obey Ohm’s law , and hence have a constant resistance over a wide range of voltage ,
are said to be Ohmic.For Example ,
Most metals show Ohmic behavior
Non Ohmic Conductor : Materials that do not obey Ohm’s law and whose resistance change with voltage or current are called Non
OhmicFor Example , filament lamp, and thermister.
9. Define resistance. Also write its unit.

Ans: The property of a substance which offers opposition to the flow of current through it is called Resistance. Its SI unit is Ohm ,
donated by a symbol (Ω)
10. What is thermistor? Give its use.

Ans: Thermistor is a resistor whose resistance is greatly reduced by heating. Thermistors are used as temperature sensors. They can
be found in every day appliances such as, fire alarms, ovens and refrigerators.
11. Define Ohm.

Ans: when a potential difference of one volt is applied across the ends of a conductor and one ampere of current passes through it,
then its resistance will be one Ohm
12. Define resistivity and write its S.I unit.

Ans: The resistance of one meter cube of a substance is called its specific resistance. It’s unit is Ohm-meter (Ωm )
13. Why does the current easily flow in the conductor?

Ans: In conductor free electrons are present in very large number due to which electric current can easily pass through them
14. Define Joule’s law and write its formula.

Ans: The amount of heat generated in a resistance due to flow of charges is equal to the product of square of current I, resistance
R and the time duration t
W=I²Rt
15. Define electric power also write its SI unit and formula.
Ans:The amount of energy supplied by current in unit time is know as electric power P=w/t=QV/t= =IV=I2R
16. Define kilowatt hour.

Ans: It is the amount of energy obtained by a power of one kilowatt in one hour
17. Differentiate between direct current and alternating current.
Ans: The current which do not change its direction of flow is known as direct current D.C.
The current which changes its direction of flow after equal intervals of time is called alternating current A.C.
18. What is meant by earth wire?

Ans: Earth wire or ground wire( E ): This wire carries no electricity. The earth wire is connected to a large metal plate buried
deep in the ground near the house
19. Write two advantages of parallel combination over series circuit.

Ans: 1Each device in the circuit receives the full battery voltage
2 Each device in the circuit may be turned off independently with out stopping the current flowing to the other devices in the
circuit
NUMERICAL
1. If 0.5 C charge passes through a wire in 10s. Then what will be the value of current flowing through the wire?
2. Reading on voltmeter connected cross a heating element is 60V. The amount of current passing through the heating
element measured by an ammeter is 2A. What is the resistance of the heating coil of the element?
(a) If two resistors of R=6KΩ and R2 =4KΩ are connected in series combination. (b) The current flowing through each
of the resistance. (c) Potential difference across each of the resistance.
3. Calculate one month cost of using 50W energy saver for 8 hours daily in your study room. Assume that the price of a
unit is Rs.12.
4. The resistance of a conductor wire is 10MΩ. If a potential difference of 100 Volts is applied across its end, then find the
value of current passing through it in mA.
5. Two resistances of 6kΩ and 12kΩ are connected in parallel. A 6V battery is connected across its end, find the values of
the following quantities.
(a) Equivalent resistance of the parallel combination.
(b) Current passing through each of the resistance.
(c) Potential difference across each of the resistance.
6. A current of 3mA is flowing through a wire for 1 minute. What is the charge flowing through the wire?
7. At 100,000Ω how much current flows through your body if you touch the terminals of a 12V battery? If your skin is wet,
so that your resistance is only 1000Ω. How much current would you receives from the same battery?
8. By applying a potential difference of 10V across a conductor, a current of 1.5 A passes through it. How much energy
would be obtained from the current in 2 minutes?
9. Two resistances of 2kΩ and 8kΩ are joined in series, if a 10 V battery is connected across the ends of this combination,
find flowing quantities.
(a) The equivalent resistance of the series combination (b) Current passing through each of the resistances. (c) The
potential difference across each resistance.
10. An electric bulb is marked with 220V, 100W, Find the resistance of the filament of the bulb, If the bulb is used 5 hours
daily, find the energy in kilowatt hour consumed by the bulb in one month day.
11. A current of 3mA is flowing through wire for 1 minute. What is the charge flowing through the wire?
1. State &Explain Ohm’s law.
2. What is meant by series combination of resistors? Write down its three characteristics.
3. Determine the equivalent resistance of parallel combination of resistors.
4. Write characteristics of ohmic and non ohmic conductors. 5.State and explain Joule’s Law and also derive relation for
Joule’s Law.
Physics 10TH UNIT # 15 Electromagnetism
# Statement A B C D
1. According to Right – Hand Rule for a
current carrying conductor, current will Curling fingers Fore finger Thumb Opposite to them
be in the direction of:
2. A temporary magnet which causes to flow Electric
Magnetic field Magnet Electromagnet
current through a coil is: intensity
3. Electric
A changing magnetic field produces: Electric field Magnetic field All of these
current
4.
When a current passes through a
Electric field Electromagnetic Magnetic field None of them
conductor, the field produced round it is:
5. The lines of magnetic field would be in a
form of concentric circles, if the Circular wire Elliptical wire Straight wire Solenoid
conductor is:
6. Which device is based on the principle of
Electric motor T.V CDs Mobile Phones
electromagnetism?
7. The phenomenon in which induced e.m.f
Electromagneti
or induce current is produced is known Electrostatic Electricity Changing
c induction
as:
8. Michael Farady discovered the
phenomenon of electromagnetic 1931 1860 1901 1831
induction in:
9. Coils is moved
Induced e.m.f will be produced across the Magnet is
towards the Both of them None of them
coil if: moved towards
magnet
10. Mass Energy Momentum Charge
Lenz’s law is manifestation of the law of:
conservation conservation conservation conservation
11.
A device which is use to increase or
Transformer Generator Motor Voltmeter
decrease the alternating voltage is called:
12. Transformer is used to change the value
Charge Energy Power Voltage
of:
13. In a transformer, the voltage across
Np Ns Vp Vs
secondary coil is denoted by:
14. Mutual induction works in: Transformer Transistor A.C Generator D.C motor
15. Formula for transformer is: V2 N2 𝐕𝐒 𝐍𝐒 VP NS VP NS
= = = =
Vp Np 𝐕𝐩 𝐍𝐩 VS Np VS Np
16. When number of turns in primary coil is
greater then secondary coil, this Step up Step down Step up Up down
transformer is known as____
17. V
Formula for ideal transformer is: VpVs=IpIs VpIs=VSIP VPIP=VSIS None of these
o
18.
Transformer is called step-down when: Vs>Ns Vp>Vs Vs>Vp Vp>Ns
19. ` When we swithch on the current in the
Small and Large and
primary, the induced current flows in the Zero Momentary
Constant Constant
secondary will be:
20. Stopping the Increasing the Decreasing the
Iron core in transformer is used for: None of them
magnetic flux magnetic flux magnetic flux
21. Which part of a D.C motor reverses the
direction of current through the coil The armature The commutator The brushes The split rings
every half-cycle?
22. According to Fleming’s left hand rule the
direction of magnetic field is indicated Thumb Forefinger Middle finger Right hand rule
by:
23. Who discovered electromagnetic Michael
Fleming Ohm Coulomb
induction? Faraday
24. In A.C generator flux will be zero if coil
90o 45o Parallel Inclined
is to the field:
25. Transformer is used to change the value
Voltage Power Energy Charge
of:
26. The shape of magnetic lines of force in
case of a straight current carrying Elliptical Triangular Rectangular Circular
conductor is:
27. Which thing works on the principle of
electromagnetic induction in Motor Generator Galvanic cell Voltaic cell
hydroelectric power house?
28. A current carrying conductor produces a Gravitational
Electric field Magnetic field Nuclear field
field around it is called: field
29. The rotating coil of electric motor is
Solenoid Shaft Armature Axle
called:
30. Which is used to control a larger current
Relay Resistance Capacitance Circuit
with the help of small current?
Physics 10TH UNIT # 15 Electromagnetism

1. Define electromagnetism.
Ans: Electromagnetism is the study of magnetic effects of current.
2. What is right hand rule?
Ans: If we grip solenoid (coil) with right hand by curling fingers in the direction of conventional current then thumb
will indicate the north pole of solenoid.
3. What is meant by solenoid?
Ans: A coil of wire consisting of many loops is called solenoid.
4. Define electromagnet.
Ans: The type of temporary magnet, which is created when current flows through a coil is called an electromagnet. An
electromagnet has two poles, north pole and south pole.
5. What do you mean by MRI? Write its uses.
Ans: Heart and brain can produce significant magnetic fields. Using MRI doctors can diagnose the disorders of (i) brain
and (ii) heart
6. What is meant by intensity of magnetic field?
Ans: Intensity of magnetic field is the strength of magnetic field. It is defined as the number of magnetic lines of force
passing through any surface.
7. State Fleming’s left hand rule.
Ans: According to this rule, stretch the thumb, forefinger and the middle finger of the left hand mutually at right angles
to each other. If the forefinger points in the direction of the magnetic field, the middle finger in the direction of current,
then the thumb would indicate the direction of the force acting on the conductor.
8. Write down two ways to increase the magnetic force?

Ans: Magnetic force is increased if: 1) the current in the wire is increased 2) strength of magnetic field is
increased
9. Describe the principle of D.C motor.
Ans: D.C motor is an electrical device which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. When a current carrying
coil is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a couple due to which the coil begins to rotate. D.C motor works on this
principle.
10. Define armature.
Ans: The coil used in practical electric motor is made of many loops mounted on a shaft or axle. This coil is called
armature.
11. Define electromagnetic induction.
Ans: The process of generating an induced current in a circuit by changing the number of magnetic lines of force
passing through it is called electromagnetic induction.
12. Define Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.
Ans: The value of induced e.m.f in a circuit is directly proportional to the rate of change of number of magnetic lines of
force through it.
13. State Lenz’s law.
Ans: The direction of an induced current in a circuit is always such that it opposes the cause that produces it.
14. What is the main difference between generator and motor?

Ans: The primary difference between a motor and a generator is that a motor converts electrical energy into mechanical
energy and a generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
15. What is an A.C generator?
Ans: A.C generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. It works on Faraday’s law of
electromagnetic induction.
16. Define mutual induction.
Ans: The phenomenon of production of induced current in one coil due to change of current in a neighboring coil is
called mutual induction
17. What is ideal transformer?
Ans: In an ideal transformer, the electric power delivered to the secondary circuit equal to the power supplied to the
primary circuit. An ideal transformer dissipates no power itself, and for such a transformer, we can write VpIp = VsIs
18. Define step-down transformer and step-up transformer.
Ans: Step up transformer: If the secondary voltage is larger than primary voltage, the transformer is called step up
transformer. Step down transformer: If the secondary voltage is smaller than primary voltage, the transformer
is called step down transformer.
19. How many coils are used in a transformer? Write their names.
Ans: Transformer has two coils a) primary coil b) secondary coil
20. What is the function of relay?
Ans: A relay is an electrical switch that opens and closes under the control of another electrical circuit. The relay is used
to control a large current with the help of small current.
NUMERICAL
1. If a transformer is used to supply voltage to a 12V model train which draws a current of 0.8A. Calculate the
current in the primary if the voltage of the a.c. source is 240V.
2. A step-down transformer has a turns ratio of 100:1. An ac voltage of amplitude 170V is applied to the
primary. If the current in the primary is 1.0 mA. What is the current in the secondary?
3. A transformer, designed to convert the voltage from 240V A.C mains to 12V, has 400 turns on the primary
coil. How many turns should be on the secondary coil? If the transformer were 100% effiecient, what current
would flow through the primary coil when the current in the secondary coil was 0.4A?
4. A Transformer is needed to convert mains 240V supply into a 12 V supply. If there are 2000 turns on the
primary coil, then find the number of turns on the secondary coil.
5. A step-up transformer has a turn ratio of 1:100. An alternating supply of 20V is connected across the primary
coil. What is the secondary voltage?
6. A step-up transformer has turn ratio of 1: 100. An alternating supply of 20 V is connected across the primary
coil. What is the secondary voltage?
1. What is transformer? Explain the working of transformer.
2. What do you understand by the term mutual induction? Explain it. Name and define SI unit of mutual
induction.
3. On what principle D.C motor works? Explain
4. What is solenoid? Describe the magnetic field of solenoid.
Physics 10TH UNIT # 16: Basic Eectronics
# Statement A B C D
The branch of physics which deals with the control Nuclear
26. Mechanics dynamics Electronics
of motion of electron is called: physics
The Particles emitted from a hot cathode surface Negative
27. Positive ions Protons Electrons
are called: ions
NAND
28. AND Gate can be formed by using two: NOT gates OR gates NOR gates
gates
29. If X=A.B then X is “1” when: A=1, B=1 A=0, B=0 A=0, B=1 A=1, B=0
30. The output of a two –input NOR gate is 1 when: A=1, B=0 A=0, B=1 A=0, B=0 A=1, B=0
The cathode ray oscilloscope consists of main

31. two three four five
parts:
Boolean Trigonometr
32. George Boole invented: Geometry Ratios
algebra y
33. The mathematical notation for AND operation X=A+B X=A+B X=A .B X = A .B
34. Boolean expression of AND operation: X = A .B X=A+B X=Ad X=A-B
35. The output of OR gate will be 0 when: A = 0. B = 0 A = 1. B = A=0 B= A = 1. B = 0
1 1
36. In case of OR and AND operation, if switches S1 and ON OFF Sometimes Neither ON
S2 both are open the lamp is: ON and NOR OFF
sometimes
OFF
37. NOT-Gate is also called: Convertor Invertor Adder Subtractor
38. Number of input terminals in NOT gate is: 3 1 4 2
39. For a NOR gate output will be “1” when inputs are: “1” and “0” “0” and “1” “0” and “1” and “1”
“0”
40. Boolean expression of NOR Gate: X=𝐀+𝐁 X = A+B X = A.B X = A. B
41. Which Gate is used in making Burglar Alarm: OR gate AND gate NOT gate NAND gate
42. AND gate can be formed by using two: NOT gates OR gates NOR gates NAND
gates
43. The digits used in electronics are: 1 0 0 and 1 1 and 2
44. The converter of analogue to digital signal is: ADC DAC ATDC None of
these
45. One byte is equal to: 4 bits 6 bits 8 bits 10 bits

Physics 10TH UNIT # 16: Basic Eectronics
SHORT QUESTIONS (SQs) By: M Waqas Bhatti.

1. Define electronics.
Ans: Electronics is the branch of applied physics which deals with the control of motion of electrons by using different
devices.
2. What is C.R.O?
Ans: The cathode ray oscilloscope is an instrument which is used to display the magnitudes of changing electric current or
potentials.
3. Define thermionic emission.

Ans: The process of emission of electrons from the hot metal surface is called thermionic emission.
4. Differentiate between digital and analogue quantities.

Ans: Analogue quantities: Those quantities whose values vary continuously are known as analogue quantities.
Digital quantities: Those quantities whose values vary in discrete steps are known as digital quantities.
5. Differentiate between digital and analogue signals.

Ans: A continuously varying signal is called an analogue signal and a signal that can vary in discrete steps is called digital signal.
6. Define ADC and DAC.

Ans: ADC: A circuit that converts analogue signal into a digital one is called analogue to digital converter or ADC.
DAC: A circuit that converts digital signal into an analogue one is called digital to analogue converter or DAC.
7. Write the names of basic operations of digital electronics.

Ans: There are three basic logic operations. (i) AND operation (ii) OR operation (iii) NOT operation
8. Define Boolean algebra.
Ans: The branch of mathematics which deals with the relationship of logic variables. This branch was invented by George Boole.
It is also called algebra of logics.
9. What are logic states?

Ans: Such thing which have only two possible states are called binary variables or logic states. These states are usually
represented by the digits 0 and 1.
10. What are Logic Gates?
Ans: The circuits which work on logic operations are called logic gates.
11. What is truth table? Make truth table for AND gate.
Ans: In Boolean algebra set of inputs and outputs in binary form is called truth table.
Truth table of AND gate

Inputs Output
A B X=A.B
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
12. What is meant by truth table?

Ans: In Boolean algebra set of inputs and outputs in binary form is called truth table.
13. What is AND Gate? Write down its table and formula.
Ans: The circuit which works on AND operation is called AND gate. Its symbol is (.) and its Boolean expression is X=A.B. It
reads X equals A AND B. Truth table of AND gate
Inputs Output
A B X=A.B
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
14. What is OR gate? Write its formula and table.

Ans: The circuit which works on OR operation is called OR gate. Its symbol is (+) and its Boolean expression is X=A+B. It
reads X equals A OR B. Truth table of OR gate
Inputs Output
A B X=A+B
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
15. What is NOT gate? Which function does it perform?
Ans: The circuit which works on NOT operation is called NOT gate and it inverts the value of Boolean variable.
16. What is NAND Gate? Write its truth table.

Ans: A NAND gate is formed by coupling a NOT gate with the output terminal of AND gate. NAND gate inverts the output of
AND gate. Truth table of NAND gate.
Inputs Output
A B X=A.B
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
17. What is NOR operation? Write its formula .

Ans: The NOR operation is simply an OR operation followed by a NOT operation. Its Boolean expression is X=A+B and it
reads as X equals A OR B NOT.

1 (a) Explain OR Operation. Write also symbol and Truth Table of OR gate.
(b) A normal conversation involves sound intensities of about 3.0 × 10-6Wm -2. What is the decibel level for this intensity?
2. (a) Explain AND operation.
(b) What is the wavelength of the lowest sounds we can hear of about 20 Hz? Assume the speed of sound in air at 20 OC is 343
m/s/
3 (a) What are the three universal Logic Gates? Give their symbols and truth tables.
(b) A student clapped his hands near a cliff and heard the echo after 5 s. What is the distance of the cliff from the student if
the speed of the sound, v is taken as 346ms-1?
Physics 10TH UNIT # 17 Information Technology
# Statement A B C D
1. _____are facts and figures that are used by
People Data ICT CBIC
program to produced useful information:
2. ______is the part of “CBIS” which
ultimately determine the success or failure Software Hardware People All
of a “CBIS”:
3. Data storage
Hardware devices are: Output devices Input devices All of these
devices
4. The computer-based information system
4 3 5 6
(CBIS) is formed by parts:
5. When many computer network of the world
were connected together, with the objective Data managing Data processing CBIS Internet
of communicating with each other is called:
6. The main services used on internet include: Web browsing E-mail E-banking All of them
7. Which of these is not a web browser? Chrome Youtube Mozilla fire fox Safari
8. What does the term e-mail stand for? Emergency mail Electronic mail Extra mail External mail
9. Which technology is used in mobile phone? Heat Radio Light Laser
10. Floppy disc is made up of: Iron Plastic Wood Aluminum
11. In computer terminology Information
Any data Processed data Large data Raw data
means:
12. Which is the most suitable means of
reliable continuous communication Microwaves Radio waves Sound waves Any light wave
between an orbiting satellite and earth?
13. The brain of any computer system is: monitor memory CPU Control unit
14. A CD can store over ____of computer data. !7MB !7GB 680GB 680MB
15. One Bytes is equal to: 4 bits 8 bits 10 bits 6 bits
Physics 10TH UNIT # 17 Information Technology

1. Define information technology and telecommunication.
Ans: The scientific method used to store information, to arrange it for proper use and to communicate it to others is called
information technology.
The method that is used to communicate information to far off places instantly is called telecommunication.
2. Write three components of communication system.

Ans: Transmitter, Transmission channel and Receiver.
3. What is flow of information?

Ans: Flow of information means the transfer of information from one place to another through different electronic and optical
equipments.
4. What is cell phone? BSs and MSc stand for which words?
Ans: A cell phone carries a radio transmitter and receiver inside it. It sends and receives the message in the form of radio waves.
Cell phone network system consists of cells and Base station (BSs) and Mobile Switching center (MSc).
5. What is meant by fax machine?
Ans: A fax machine basically scans a page to convert its text and graphic into electronics signals and transmit it to another fax
machine through telephone line.
6. What is CPU?
Ans: CPU is the brain of computer –the part that translates instructions and performs calculations. It contains a ting rectangular
chip called microprocessor.
7. What is flash drive?
Ans: A flash drive is a small storage device that can be used to transport files from one computer to another. Due to their small
size they are handy and it is easy to use them.
8. What is hard disk?
Ans: A hard disk is a rigid, magnetically sensitive disk that spins rapidly and continuously inside the computer chassis or in a
separate box connected to the computer housing. A typical hard disk consists of several platters, each accessed via a read / write
head on moveable arm.
9. What is the difference between software and hardware?
Ans: Hardware refers to the parts of a computer that you can see and touch. These include CPU, monitor, keyboard and printer
etc.
Software is the set of instructions. A word processing program is the example of software.
10. Write the names of components of CBIS.
Ans: 1) Hardware 2) Software 3) Data 4) Procedures 5) People
11. Define data managing.
Ans: To collect all information regarding a subject for any purpose and to store them in the computer in more than one inter
linked files which may help when needed is called data managing.
12. What is meant by compact disc?
Ans: Compact disk is based on laser technology. It is molded a plastic on which digital data is stored in the form of microscopic
reflecting and non-reflecting spots called “pits” and “lands” respectively.
13. Define internet.
Ans: When many computer networks of the world are connected together , with the objective of communicating with each
other, internet is formed.
14. Write the main services used on the internet.
Ans: The main services provided by the internet include Web browsing and E-mail.
15. Write down the two advantages of electronic mail.
Ans: i) Electronic mail is one of the most widely used applications of internet which provides very fast delivery of messages to
any enabled site on the internet.
ii) Communication through email is more quick and reliable.
1. Describe the components of computer based information system(CBIS) Clearly
2. What is Electronic mail (E-mail)? What are its uses and advantages?
3. What is a computer? Describe its different components. What is the role of computer in everyday life?
4. Differentiate between hardware and software.
5. Explain the phenomena of transmission of light signals through optical fiber.
Physics 10TH UNIT # 18 Atomic and Nuclear Physics

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs) By: M Waqas Bhatti
# Statement A B C D
1. Proton is heavier than electron: 1636 Times 1736 Times 1836 Times 1936 Times
2. Generally an atom is represented by the A 𝐀 Z A
X X X X
symbol: b 𝐙 A O
3. Atomic mass number can be found by
Z-A A+N Z+N Z+A
relation:
4. Number of Isotopes of hydrogen: 3 4 2 7
5. A helium nuclei formed if___hydrogen
1 2 3 4
atoms combine:
6. Bata particle is actually: Neutron Position Electron Proton
7. Alpha particles are: Electrons Protons Neutrons Helium
8. Radiations present in atomosphere due
Cosmic Background
to different radioactive substances are Alpha radiations Beta Radiations
radiation radiation
called:
9. In alpha decay, decrease in Atomic
2,1 2,4 2,2 Constant
no_____and mass no_____.
10. α-rays passing through a gas produce: Evaporation Ionization Excitation All of these
11. 236
The half-life of plutonium pu
94 0.85 1.85 2.85 3.79
is___year.
12. The half-life of carbon-14 is: 3750 Years 5370 Years 5730 Years 7530 Years
13. The Half-life of cobalt is: 40 Year 50 Year 40 Year 30 Years
14. 131
Half-life of Iodine 𝖨 is: 10.5 Days 8.07 Days 12.5 Days 16.9 Days
53
15. The half-life of lead is: 8.07 hours 10.6 hours 10.25 hours 12.25 hours
16. To diagnose the brain-tumour, it is used: Iodine-131 Phosphorous-32 Cobalt-60 Carbon-14
17. During fission of 1 kg of uranium-235
67×1010j 65×108j 60×108j 66×109j
energy is released:
18. No of neutrons during emission of
2 3 4 5
fission reaction are:
19. 1 million 20 million 200 million
The temperature of sun is: 2 million Kelvin
Kelvin Kelvin Kelvin
20. Nuclear fission was first observed in: 1936 1937 1938 1939
21. The process by which lighter nuclei fuse
together to form a heavy nucleus is Nuclear fission Nuclear fusion Radioactivity Electron actively
known as:
22. The charge on alpha rays is: X- Gamma Alpha Beta
23. The rays which move with speed of light
Gamma rays Alpha rays Beta rays Ultrasonic rays
are:
24. Any radioactive
The fuel for nuclear fusion is: H He U
material

1. Define isotopes.
Ans: The elements of same atomic number but different atomic mass number is called isotope. Three isotopes of hydrogen are
Ptotium, Deutrium and Tritium.
2. Define Natural radioactivity.

Ans: The spontaneous emission of radiation by unstable nuclei is called natural radioactivity. The elements which emit radiations
are radioactive. Usually atomic number of these elements is greater than 82.
3. What are the properties of radiation which are emitted from radioactive elements?
Ans: The radioactive source is placed in lead box. A photographic plate was placed in front of small hole in the box. The whole
apparatus was placed in a magnetic field. The radiations emitted from the source were split into three components. These radiations
were given the name alpha, beta and gamma radiations.
4. What are cosmic radiations?

Ans: The Earth and all living things on it also receives radiations from outer space. These radiations are called background
radiations which primarily consist of protons, electrons, alpha particles and larger nuclei.
5. Write properties of 𝜶 particles.

Ans: 1. At atmospheric pressure they can travel a small distance in air. This difference is different for different elements. 2. 𝛼 rays
are affected by electric and magnetic fields which shows that they are charged particles.
6. What is meant by β- radiations?

Ans: 1. They can pass through a thick layer of matter. For example they can easily pass through one centimeter thick aluminum
sheet. 2. β rays are effected by electric and magnetic fileds.
7. What is the nature of gamma radiation?

Ans: 1. Their penetrating power is much larger than 𝛼 and β rays and they can easily pass through 30 cm thick iron sheet. 2. They
are not affected by electric and magnetic fields. It means they have no charge.
8. Define natural nuclear transmutation?

Ans: The spontaneous process in which a parent unstable nuclide changes into more stable daughter nuclide with the emission of
radiations is called nuclear transmutation.
9. What is meant by penetration power? Which rays have highest penetration?

Ans: The strength of radiations to penetrate a certain material is called penetrating power. Gamma rays have highest penetrating
power.
10. Write the penetrating power of alpha particle and gamma ray photon.
Ans: Alpha particle has a range of few centimeters in air while gamma rays have a range of several hundred meters in air.
11. Write half-life of hydrogen, lead, uranium and carbon.

Ans: The half-life of hydrogen is 12.3 years , half- life of lead is 10.6 years, half-life of uranium is 7.1 x 108 years and half-life of
carbon is 5730 years.
12. What is difference between stable and unstable nuclei?

Ans: Nuclei which do not emit radiations naturally are called stable nuclei. Their atomic numbers are less than 82. Nuclei which
keep on emitting radiations naturally are called unstable nuclei. Their atomic numbers are greater than 82.
13. What do you mean by carbon dating? OR How can the scientist estimate died tree age byC−14?
Ans: Radioactive carbon-14 is present in small amount in atmosphere. Live plants use carbon dioxide and therefore becomes
slightly radioactive. When a tree dies, the radio carbon-14 present inside the plant starts decaying. Since the half-life of carbon-14 is
5730 years, the age of dead tree can be calculated by comparing the activity of carbon-14 in the live and dead tree.
14. Define controlled chain reaction.

Ans: If fission chain reaction is controlled, then the desired amount of energy can be produced which may be used for any peaceful
purpose. In order to control fission chain reaction Cadmium and Boron rods are used which absorbs surplus neutrons. This is done
in nuclear reactor.
15. What is the difference between fission and fusion reaction?
Ans: Nuclear Fission: Breaking of a heavy nucleus into two lighter nuclei by absorbing slow moving neutrons with the release of
large amount of energy is called nuclear fission. For example when uranium nucleus is divided into two nearly equal fragments after
absorbing a slow moving neutron.
Nuclear Fusion: When two light nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, the process is called nuclear fusion. For example, when
an atom of Deuterium is fused with an atom of Tritium, then the helium nucleus or alpha particle is formed.
16. What is meant by radioactive tracers? How these are useful?

Ans: Radioactive tracers are chemical compounds containing some quantity of radioisotope. They can be used to explore the
metabolism of chemical reactions inside the human body, animal or plant. Radioisotopes are used as tracers in medicines, industry
and agriculture.
17. What do you mean by the term radioactivity? Why some elements are radioactive but some are not?
Ans: The spontaneous emission of radiation by unstable nuclei is called natural radioactivity. The elements which emit radiations
are radioactive. Usually atomic number of these elements is greater than 82. Nuclei which do not emit radiations naturally are called
stable nuclei. Their atomic numbers are less than 82
18. Describe two uses of radioisotopes in medicine industry or research.

Ans: Uses of radioisotopes in medicine: Radio iodine-131 readily accumulates in thyroid gland and can be used for the monitoring
of thyroid functioning. For the diagnosis of brain tumor phosphorous-32 is used. The malignant part of the body absorbs more
quantity of isotopes, and this helps in tracing the affected part of body.
NUMERICAL
13
1. Find the number of protons and neutrons in the nuclide defined by 𝑋
6
2. The activity of s sample of a radioactive bismuth decreases to one-eight of its original activity in 15 days. Calculate the
half-life of the sample.
3. The C−14:C−12 ratio in a fossil bone is found to be 1/4th that of the ratio in the bone of a living animal. The half-life of C−14
is 5730 years what is the approximate age of the fossil?

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VISION COLLEGE GOJRA

Physics 10TH UNIT # 10: SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION AND WAVES

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs) Prepard By: M Waqas Bhatti.

4. If the length of simple pendulum is √𝟐 T T 2T T

5. Formula for the time period of simple T = 2π

9. If the length of a pendulum is one meter 1.99s 10s 1s 6s

27. The relation b/w time, speed and distance is: t v = dt d t2

Physics 10TH UNIT # 01: SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION AND WAVES

SHORT QUESTIONS (SQs) Prepard By: M Waqas Bhatti.

11. Define Hook’s Law. Give its expression.

26. What do you know about Ripple tank?

LONG QUESTIONS (LQs)

2. (a) Explain that motion of a bob of a simple pendulum is an example of S.H.M.

4. (a) Derive wave equation.

5. (a) Write down important features of S.H.M.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs) Prepared By: M Waqas Bhatti.

SHORT QUESTIONS (SQs) Prepared By: M Waqas Bhatti.

16. What are necessary conditions for production of sound?

17. Define loudness.

18. What is stethoscope?

19. Define quality of sound.

20. What is meant by pitch of sound?

22. On what factors does the loudness of sound depend?

24. What is tuning fork?

26. What is meant by decibel scale?

27. Define zero bel.

28. What is meant by reflection of sound and echo?

30. What is silent whistle? Write its frequency limits.

31. What is the difference between musical sound and noise?

32. Define noise pollution.

33. What is acoustic protection?

34. What is meant by ultrasound and infrasound?

35. What is meant by SONAR?

LONG QUESTIONS (LQs)

2. (a) What is intensity level of sound? Derive a relation for it.

3 (a) What is ultra sound? Write down its five uses.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs) By: M Waqas Bhatti.

14. Index of refraction of diamond is: 1.33 1.52 2.21 2.42

20. Refractive index of Air is: 1.36 1.00 1.31 1.33

26. Conditions for total internal reflection are: 2 3 4 5

27. Critical angle of water is: 48.2 O 48.4 O 48.6 O 48.8 O

30. Formula for power of lens: 1 P=f 𝟏 None

SHORT QUESTIONS (SQs)

2. What are the laws of reflection?

3. What is the difference between regular and irregular reflection.

4. Define spherical mirrors.

7. Define centre of curvature.

8. Define radius of curvature.

9. Differentiate between pole and optical centre.

10. Define mirror formula.

11. If p=6cm, f=10cm mirror is concave find q?

22. Define principal focus of lens.

27. Define refractive index? What are its units?

30. What is prism?

LONG QUESTIONS (LQs)

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs) By: M Waqas Bhatti.

30. The equivalent capacitance for series 1

31. According to Coulomb’s law, what

SHORT QUESTIONS (SQs)