FORENSIC EXAMINATION REVISION:

1 what is the condition for the registration of the drug med devices or herbal drugs as stipulated
in the TFDA act
 The availability of the drug in the interest of the public
 Safety and efficacy and of acceptable quality
 Drugs for human in relation to the effect on human health
 For animals in relation to its effect on animal health, consumers of animal products the
environment and users.
 For medical devices its safety and efficacy
 The premises and the manufacturing should meet the current GMP requirements as stated in
the act.
2．What are the three omissions that can lead to the registered person to be removed from the
register.
 Who no longer complies with the requirements and conditions to be registered as a pharmacist
 Who fails to pay the annual fees or
 Who is deceased
3. What are the two principles that should be applied for a pharmacist for the stock rotation?
FEFO first expiring first out
It is common knowledge that issuing out drugs with the shortest remaining shelf life is the best way to
reduce waste and increase profitability in pharmaceutical products management in all pharmaceutical.
FIFO first in first out
 Control inventory level.
 For fast moving items.
 To minimize price fluctuation.

4. What do u understand by the following words in a package insert?

Indication; is a valid reason to use a certain test, medication, procedure, or surgery
Indications for medications are strictly regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which
includes them in the package insert under the phrase "Indications and Usage". Most countries and
jurisdictions have a licensing body whose duty is to determine whether to approve a drug for a specific
indication, based on the relative safety of the drug and its efficacy for the particular usage being
investigated e.g.TFDA in Tanzania

Contra indication; is a condition or factor that serves as a reason to withhold a certain medical
treatment.
Some contraindications are absolute, meaning that there are no reasonable circumstances for
undertaking a course of action. For example, children and teenagers with viral infections should not be
given aspirin because of the risk of Reye's syndrome, and a person with an anaphylactic food or
medication allergy should never eat the food or medication to which they are allergic.
Side effects; Side effect is an effect that is secondary to the one intended.
Side effect may also refer to
Therapeutic effect, an unintended but desirable consequence of medical treatment
Adverse effect, an unintended and undesirable consequence of medical treatment
An adverse drug reaction (abbreviated ADR) is an expression that describes harm associated with the
use of given medications at a normal dosage during normal use. ADRs may occur following a single
dose or prolonged (cumulative) administration of a drug or result from the combination of two or more
drugs. The meaning of this expression differs from the meaning of "side effect", as this last expression
might also imply that the effects can be beneficial.
An adverse drug event (ADE) refers to any injury caused by the drug (at normal dosage and/or due to
overdose) and any harm associated with the use of drug (e.g. discontinuation of drug therapy). ADRs
are a special type of ADEs
5．Comment on the following cases.
a) You are asked by a nurse to inform her staff about the recommendation for the drug therapy
on HIV PEP for low risk and high risk.
In most cases for the PEP therapy it should include a double therapy for a low risk and triple therapy for
a high risk.
The ARV regimen according to level of risk.

Risk category ARV regimen Drug regimen

Low risk Dual therapy ZDC+3CT(COMBIVIR)/TNF+FTC(TRUVADA)
High risk Triple therapy ZDT+EFV+Lopinavir(r)
b) A terminal ill patient is prescribed morphine for pain management :
 Given as a palliative care to relieve the pain for the terminal ill patient
 It helps the family members and other care takers on the management of the patient
 It gives a social, psychological and physical relief to the patient to ensure the quality of life to the
patient though at terminal stage of illness.
 The patient should be give morphine at a dosage of 5- 10ml for every 4 hrs orally.
 The patient may encounter shortness in breath, vomiting, constipation; therefore morphine at these
conditions should be dispensed concomitantly with laxatives and antiemetic.

6. a) briefly discuss the title pharmaceutical assistant, pharmaceutical technician and pharmacist
under section 19 of pharmacy act 2002.
 Pharmaceutical assistant means a person enlisted under section 28 of this act
 Pharmaceutical technician means a person enrolled under section 24 of this act.
 Pharmacist means a person registered under section 16 of this act
b) What is the:
 Certificate of enlisting is a certificate issued to the pharmaceutical assistant under section 29
of this Act.
 Certificate of Registration is a certificate issued to the pharmacist under section n 16 of this
Act
 Certificate of Enrollment is a certificate issued to the pharmaceutical technician under section
25 of this Act
7. section 3 of the pharmacy act of 2011, states that there is hereby establish a Council to be
known as the pharmacy council which shall be a sole authority for Registering, Enrolling and
listing all the pharmacists, pharmaceutical technicians and pharmaceutical assistants
respectively.
a) With reference to the above quoted section answer the following questions
 i. Describe the composition the pharmacy council

ii. What are the committees of the pharmacy council?

The pharmacy committee
There shall be a committee to be known as the pharmacy committee whose function shall be to
prescribe and evaluate the qualification for the enlisting, ``enrollment and registration and
evaluation for the premises registration under this act and making recommendations to the councils.
The pharmacy committee shall consist of the chairman to be appointed from amongst the members
of the council and for other four members to be appointed by the council

The disciplinary committee

There shall be a committee to be known as the disciplinary committee whose function shall be to carry
out the preliminary investigation into any case where it has alleged that a registered, enrolled or
enlisted person has misbehaved to his capacity as a pharmacist, pharmaceutical technician or
pharmaceutical assistant or should be for any reason be a subject for a proceeding before the council.
The disciplinary committee shall consist of the chairman to be appointed from amongst the
members of the council and for other four members to be appointed by the council
Other committees
iii. List down at least five functions of the councils
 Enlisting, registering and enrolling the PA,PST and PT
 Enquire any issue arising from the community regarding pharmacy profession for interest of the
public.
 Upholds and safe guard the acceptable pharmaceutical conduct in the public and private systems.
 Prescribe the scope of practice of the persons registered, enrolled and enlisted under this act.
iv. Mention the tenure of the office for the council members
 A member shall unless his appointment is terminated by the minister or he ceases in any
other way to be a member, hold office for a period of three years and shall be eligible for
reappointment
 Members appointed by the virtues of their offices shall cease to be members upon ceasing to
hold the office entitling to the appointment to the council.
 Member of the council shall cease to be a member if
 The minister in the public interest terminates his membership after giving a written
notice to the member to show why his membership should be terminated.
 Ceases to hold the position entitled his appointments
 He fails without good cause to attend three consecutive meetings of the council.
 He is convicted of a criminal offence for a term of beyond six months.
 He becomes mentally ill.
 He is disqualified to practice under this act.
 deceased

v. Describe the quorum of the council

The quorum at any meeting of the council shall be half of the member
b) Basing on its function differentiate between the pharmacy council and the TFDA.
TFDA PHARMACY COUNCIL
Is a product regulatory body Is a registering, enrolling and enlisting of the
pharmaceutical personnel authority
Keep and maintain the register of all the Keep and maintain the register, roll and list for
products registered under this act. registered enrolled and enlisted pharmacists.
Ensure that clinical trials are performed under To prescribe the scope of practice of the
the prescribed standards in this act registered, enlisted, enrolled under this act.
Appoint inspectors and order inspection of Regulate standards and practices of pharmacy
premises profession.
Ensures unbiased information about products Advice the minister on matters relating to the
regulated under this act. pharmacy profession.
Determine fees payable under this act.
Foster cooperation with other bodies Ensure proper collection of fees payable under
this act.
Registration of products Pay any member, staff, committee or any person
entrusted by any task under this act such
allowances as may determined.
Promote rational use of drug.
Attend to and where possible takes the regal acts Uphold and safe guard the acceptable stds of the
on complaints made by the consumers, pharmaceutical profession to the private and
manufactures of the products regulated under this public sectors.
Act.
To ensure that the pharmaceutical education is
provided up to the prescribed standards

Establish and maintain the Tanzania national

formulary and pharmacopoeia

8 what information or documents are required by the pharmacy council when the person applies
to be registered enrolled or enlisted as a full pharmacist, pharmaceutical technician, and
pharmaceutical assistant in Tanzania?

Pharmacist Pharmaceutical technitician Pharmaceutical assistant

Fill and submit form PCF 1 to Fill and submit form PCF 3 to Fill and submit form PCF 5 to
the registrar as set out in the first the registrar as set out in the first the registrar as set out in the first
schedule to these regulations. schedule to these regulations. schedule to these regulations.
A certified copy of his A certified copy of his A certified copy of his
pharmaceutical degree or pharmaceutical diploma or pharmaceutical certificate.
qualification equivalent to a certificate as the case may be
degree offered in Tanzania.
A full transcript of the academic A full transcript of the academic A full transcript of the academic
record certified by the head of record certified by the head of record certified by the head of
institution or the academic body institution or the academic body institution or the academic body
where he graduated as a where he graduated as a where he graduated as a
pharmacist。 pharmaceutical technician pharmaceutical assistant
A letter of completion of Certificate of good standing from Certificate of good standing from
internship from a supervisor of in apprenticeship supervisor apprenticeship supervisor
case of those sponsored by the
ministry of health a letter from
the chief pharmacist thereby
that he has completed
internship.
Two recent passport size Two recent passport size Two recent passport size
photographs endorsed at the photographs endorsed at the photographs endorsed at the
back by a public notary as true back by a public notary as true back by a public notary as true
likeness of the applicant likeness of the applicant likeness of the applicant
A letter of passing the forensic A copy of current cv A copy of current cv
examination

9. What does the abbreviation ALU stand for?

ALU-Artemether Lumefantrine
How would u advice an adult patient on how the ALU dose?
Dosage:
st nd rd
Day 1 day 2 day 3 day
st nd rd th th th
Dose 1 2 3 4 5 6
Hours 0 8 24 36 48 60
Tabs 4 4 4 4 4 4

Effect of food and interactions

Food enhances the absorption of both artemether and lumefantrine， patients are advised to take the
tablets with food as soon as a meal can be tolerated.
Coartem has a potential to prolong the QT interval, so combinations with other drugs having that
property can cause irregular heartbeat, potentially leading to lethal ventricular fibrillation.
The combination with halofantrine, another ant malarial, can cause a life-threatening QT
prolongation.
Drugs and other substances influencing the activity of the liver enzyme CYP3A4, including, can either
increase or lower blood levels of artemether/lumefantrine, grapefruit juice depending on the sort of
substance. This can either lead to more severe side effects or to reduced efficiency.
10. Why are code of ethics and professional conduct important for pharmaceutical practioners?
 Express broad ideas of pharmaceutical practices
 It spells out what values are require at particular circumstances
 Set standards of professional conduct of all pharmaceutical personnel
 Form a base of complain for misconduct
 Put emphasis on the societal duty of the pharmaceutical personnel as stipulated in the oath of the
x
11. +
a) What do you understand by the term rational use of medicine
This is where apt receives appropriate medication for their clinical needs in a dose that does
 meet their own individual needs for an adequate period of time at lower cost for them and
their community.
b) List down types of irrational use of medicine
Prescribing
Under prescribing: it occurs when needed medications are not prescribed, dosage is
inadequate time length is too short
Over prescription: occurs if a drug is prescribed when it not needed or dose is too large or time
length is too long
Incorrect prescribing: occurs when a drug is given for an incorrect diagnosis wrong drug
selection for diagnosis
The use of too many medicines per patient (polypharmacy).
Inappropriate use of antibiotics, often in inadequate dosage, for non-bacterial infections.
Over-use of injections when oral formulations would be more appropriate.
Inappropriate self-medication, often of prescription-only medicines.
Dispensing
 Incorrect interpretation of the prescription
 Incorrect counting, compounding
 Inadequate labeling
 Unsanitary procedures
c) What is the role of the pharmacist promotion rational use of medicine?
 Proper cancelling on dispensing of medication to the patient on storage, drug interaction, and side
effects of the drug and any other important information on the safety use of medication.
 Ensure sanitary procedures
 Ensure good communication with doctors during the prescribing process.
 Promotion of general public education on proper drug usage
12. The proliferation of the counterfeit drugs is in Tanzania is increasing at an alarming rate
result to an impact on public health care
a) What do you understand by counterfeit in relation to medicinal products?
A counterfeit drug or a counterfeit medicine is a medication which is produced and sold with the
intent to deceptively represent its origin or effectiveness.
A counterfeit drug may be one which does not contain active ingredients, contains an
insufficient quantity of active ingredients, or contains entirely incorrect active ingredients
(which may or may not be harmful), and which is typically sold with inaccurate, incorrect, or fake
packaging. Fake medicines and generic drugs which are deliberately mislabeled in order to
deceive consumers are therefore counterfeit,
List down three characteristics that could help to recognize the counterfeit medicine in your
practice
b) What do you think are the best measures to be taken to combat this alarming situation in
the country?
 Raising Awareness: Government typically view and thus manage the counterfeit drug issue as a
public health and criminal enforcement challenge, yet indisputable and growing links between this
industry and organized crime and terrorist organizations indicate that the national security
community must play a larger role in preventing counterfeit drugs. Government must encourage a
more widespread recognition of the multidimensional nature of this growing threat and institute
 appropriate collaborative mechanisms. Legitimate private industry must also recognize their role in
prevention and work more transparently with the government.
 Mandate action by the national security community: The growth of trafficking networks around
the globe has helped bring about a convergence of threats: counterfeit pharmaceuticals, narcotics,
human trafficking, dual-use nuclear black markets, small arms and conflict resources including
diamonds and timber. Together, these challenges have become so widespread that they threaten
to overwhelm the capabilities of even well-intentioned government to mitigate their destructive
effects. The national security community must be given an explicit mandate to address these
challenges in order to ensure the adequate and coordinated resources necessary to ameliorate the
threat. In short, like the prevention of drug and human trafficking, counterfeit pharmaceuticals must
become a mandate of government security apparatuses.
 Enhanced security over international purchasing and distribution: At present, the lion’s share
of concern over the counterfeit pharmaceutical threat remains the developing world. As a large
percentage of pharmaceutical products are distributed by international relief agencies and through
government assistance programs, it is incumbent upon these actors to ensure that the products
they are distributing are safe. At times, these agencies’ pursuit of low-cost drugs has led them to
deal with unapproved suppliers. This irresponsible practice should stop as it provides a direct
conduit for organized crime and terrorist organizations to capitalize upon well-meaning
development assistance for nefarious purposes.
 Development of a transparent and verifiable chain of custody from point of production to
point of sale: Efforts to establish a so-called “e-pedigree” system to track and trace
pharmaceuticals have lagged because of the costly and complex infrastructure necessary to
institute such a system, lack of agreed-upon industry standards, and questions regarding patient
privacy raised by some civil liberties organizations pressure should be brought to bear by the
national security community to ensure that the public and private sectors collaborate in the design
and implementation of a nationwide drug serialization system with a track-and-trace capacity.
Governments should work collaboratively with industry to identify common e-pedigree standards
and, where necessary, incent compliance with those criteria.
 Legal gap analysis: the government should be encouraged to ensure that they have relevant, up-
to-date laws, as well as rigorous penalties consistent with the trafficking in illicit narcotics to ensure
that traffickers can be prosecuted and/or sufficiently deterred.
 Enhanced early “authentication” procedures: Governments should be more proactive in
exercising early validation of m

 anufacturing sites and formal registration/validation of all importers both from a public health
perspective, as well as from a national security standpoint. This should include not only more
rigorous enforcement of importers and at national borders, but also with domestic manufacturers
whose standards and custody practices may not be consistent with either public health standards
or national security interests.
 Enhanced enforcement: Although public health agencies—even in the developed world—
recognize the challenges presented by counterfeits, their ability to enforce compliance with existing
laws is ineffectual due to limited resources. Recognizing that the challenges these products pose
are not only a threat to public health but also a direct threat to international security, additional
resources should be directed toward enforcement agencies at all levels, in all countries, to inhibit
 the growth of this scurrilous industry.
 Quality insurance systems
 Regular inspection
 Post marketing inspection
 Control of import and export on free trade zones
 Cooperation with other bodies
 Education on counterfeit identification

13．With reference to the Tanzania Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act of 2003.
a) What are the conditions for a body of corporate to become authorized seller of drugs and
poisons?
Anybody of corporate carrying out the business involving the sell of drugs shall be an
authorized seller of drugs within the meaning of this Act if:
i.With regard to the keeping , selling, dispensing and compounding the business is under the management of
a superintendent who;
(一) Is a pharmacist
(二) Has signed and sent to the director general a statement in writing on behalf of the body of corporate
stating his name and specifying whether or not he is a member of the body of corporate and
(三) Is not at the same time acting at the similar capacity for any other body.
In each set of premises for the sell of drugs the business is carried out either under the personal
supervision of the superintendent or subject to his direction under the personal control of
another pharmacist.
ii.The name and the certificate of registration of the superintendant or of another pharmacist having control
of the business are conspicuously exhibited in the premises.
b) Give a short explanation on the procedures followed when one wants to destroy the expired
drugs in Tanzania?
a) Request on writings to the general director of TFDA by using the application form (annex II)
available at the TFDA head offices, TFDA zonal offices, regional and district medical officers offices and
TFDA web sites
b) A request is shall be a companied with a list of products to be disposed and should state clearly the
trade name, the generic name, strength where applicable, dosage form, pack size , quantity,
manufacturer, batch number and market value of the product.
c) Once the request has been received by TFDA the authority shall acknowledge and inform the
applicant through a letter to contact the directorate of medicine and cosmetics to arrange or TFDA
zonal offices for the verification of the product, in case the is not TFDA zonal offices the applicant
shall be informed to contact the regional or district medical officers offices for the same issue.
d) The TFDA H Q or TFDA zonal offices or regional or district medical officers offices shall send
inspectors to the premises to verify and authenticate the information submitted.
14. you are a drug inspector, visiting a certain pharmacy in town. The premises deal with the
compounding and dispensing of medicines. On fascia of the pharmacy there is an advertisement
that reads
Best quality medicament
Most qualified professional advice
All drugs are available including antibiotics, injections and capsules for human and veterinary
 use
Affordable prices
What does the law say about this discuss?
 A person shall not advertise and promote any medicine, medical devices or herbal medicine in a
manner that is false misleading, deceptive or that is likely to create incorrect impression its values,
safety, quantity composition or efficacy as the case may be.
 A person shall advertise or sale by retail any medicine or medical devices or herbal medicine in
connection in any offer or bonus or discount.
 A person shall not carry out any promotion to the any medical devices or herbal medicine in
relation to pharmacy practices without any written approval of the council.
15. (a) compare the effectiveness between amoxicillin and ampicillin.
 Amoxicillin and ampicillin similar except Amoxicillin has an OH group on the benzene ring
 Amoxicillin is better oral absorption than ampicillin
 Amoxicillin less cause diarrhea due to its better oral absorption
 Amoxicillin is less interfered with food
 Amoxicillin has smaller rate super infections occurance
 Amoxicillin is less effective against shigella and H.Influenza
 Amoxicillin and ampicillin antimicrobial effectiveness is enhanced when formulated with clavulanic
acid and salbactam respectively.
b) the label on the bottle of dry powder mix for reconstitution states that when 128ml of water are
added, 150ml of an oral suspension, containing 250mg of amoxicillin in each of 5ml each. How
many mls of water should be added to the dry powder mix if the strength of 150mg of amoxicillin
per 5ml is desired?
Soln:
128ml + 150mls= 278ml
250mg = 5ml
Xmg= 278ml
=13900mg
150mg=5ml
13900mg=xml
=463.33ml
463.3ml-150ml = 313.3ml
16. Define the following terms
a) Spirits
Is an alcoholic or hydroalcoholic soln of volatile substance with alcohol content ranging from 62-85%
b) Plasters
Is a small dressing used for injuries not serious enough to require a full-size bandage. "Bandage" is
the common American English term, while "plaster" is the term in British English usage.
The adhesive bandage protects the cut, e.g. from friction, bacteria, damage, or dirt. Thus, the healing
process of the body is less disturbed. Sometimes they have antiseptic properties. An additional function
is to hold the two cut ends of the skin together to make the healing process faster
c) Aerosol
Tiny solid particles or liquid suspended in a gas, used in a can or bottle that contains a liquid under
high pressure
 The word aerosol derives from the fact that matter "floating" in air is a suspension (a mixture in which
solid or liquid or combined solid–liquid particles are suspended in a fluid).
d) Tinctures
Is an alcoholic extract or solution of a non-volatile substance e.g. of iodine. To qualify as a tincture,
the alcoholic extract is to have an ethanol percentage of at least 40-60% (sometimes a 90% pure
[
liquid is even achieved).
e) Emulsion
f) Shelf life is the length of time that foods, beverages, pharmaceutical drugs, chemicals, and many
other perishable items are given before they are considered unsuitable for sale, use, or
consumption. In some regions, a best before, use by or freshness date is required on packaged
perishable foods。
Shelf life is the recommendation of time that products can be stored, during which the defined quality of
a specified proportion of the goods remains acceptable under expected (or specified) conditions of
distribution, storage and display
]
g) Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (also known as "Immune recovery syndrome" )
is a condition seen in some cases of AIDS or immunosuppression, in which the immune system
begins to recover, but then responds to a previously acquired opportunistic infection with an
overwhelming inflammatory response that paradoxically makes the symptoms of infection
worse
h) Generic name, drug:

 The chemical name of a drug.

 A term referring to the chemical makeup of a drug rather than to the advertised
brand name under which the drug is sold.

 A term referring to any drug marketed under its chemical name without
advertising.

i) prescription, extemporaneous,
(Magisterial prescription) a prescription for a nonofficial drug.
2. A prescription that directs the pharmacist to compound the specified medication, as
contrasted with a prescription that specifies medication available in precompounded
form.

j) Polypharmacy is the use of multiple medications by a patient, especially when too many
forms of medication are used by a patient, when more drugs are prescribed than is
clinically warranted, or even when all prescribed medications are clinically indicated but
there are too many pills to take (pill burden). Furthermore, a portion of the treatments may
not be evidence-based. The most common results of polypharmacy are increased adverse
drug reactions, drug-drug interactions and higher costs. Polypharmacy is most common in
the elderly but is also widespread in the general population.
 Polypharmacy is most common in people with multiple medical conditions. Combination
therapy is the use of multiple drugs specifically to treat a single medical condition;
monotherapy is the use of a single drug.

7. The pharmacy council may upon recommendation by pharmacy committee grant a temporary
registration to an applicant if he satisfy some conditions. Please mention them.

 is to work in Tanzania in the capacity which he is applying for the express purpose of
carrying out specific assignment for research or teaching.
 harmacist and he is eligible
for registration as a pharmacist under section 15 of the this Act
 be registered pharmacist.
18. Briefly explain the factors which guide the ARV initiation.
• For adults and adolescents, initiation of therapy is dependent on clinical staging and CD4
count.
Tanzania’s national guidelines endorse the WHO recommendations for initiating HAART:
– WHO stage IV disease irrespective of CD4 count.
– WHO Stage III disease with CD4 count <350/mm3
– WHO Stages I-II disease with CD4 count <200/mm
For infants aged 1.5 yrs and above
Stage III and IV irrespective of the CD4 count
Stage I and II with CD4 count less than 15 %
Starting HAART is rarely an emergency MERGENCY
However, treatment of opportunistic infections may be an emergency
19.
a) Discuss the difference between the clinical trial certificate and an ethical clearance
certificate
A clinical certificate is certificate offered to an individual or group of individuals authorised by the
authority to carry out a clinical trial after certifying the necessary conditions before starting a clinical
trial.
An ethical clearance certificate is issued by any approved institution for medical research and
any relevant information as provided under the guidelines for the registration of a drug for the
clinical trial
b) A researcher has been authorised to carry out a clinical trial on a certain drug what are the
condition that should be fulfilled before carrying out a clinical trial?
 Inform all person taking part in the trial or person whose animals’ will take in the trial about
一、 The aims and objectives of the clinical trial and way it will be conducted and
二、 The possible risks discomforts and other adverse effects that may result may there from
 Ensure in such conditions as may be prescribed from time to time by the authority and
animals or persons taking part in the clinical trial against any injury or risk of that may be
sustained during the trial.
20. Define IPT (intermittent preventive treatment), aim, gestational time of administration
and alternative drug for IPT.
IPT the administration of drug therapy at full therapeutic doses at predetermined intervals
during pregnancy even if an individual has no signs of malaria.
 Aim
It should not be considered for chemoprophylaxis; the aim is to prevent the worst effect of
malaria infection in pregnancy rather than to cure the potential illness
Gestation time of administration:
Between 20-24 weeks for the first dose and between the 28-32 weeks for the second dose
The alternative drug
Sp (sulfadoxine pyrimethamine) remain the only drug of choice though not regarded first drug of
choice for malarial treatment since it is known to be safe in pregnancy
21. Explain the management and treatment of severe malaria
Severe malaria is a medical emergency, commonly presented with anemia and cerebral
symptoms of malaria.
At home At dispensary At Health centre At Hospital level
General Pre referral General
management management management
Carry out early
diag nos is
Control fever Carry out early including blood Carry out early
with ant diagnosis testing of diagnosis including
Administration
pyretic and including blood malaria w hich blood testing of
of intra muscular
fanning testing of malaria should not malaria which should
quinine
which should not delay treatment not delay treatment
delay treatment Provide
intravenous Provide intravenous
quinine quinine
Where meningitis
Provide pre- and septicemia Treatment of
referral are suspected hypoglycemia a
Administration
treatment with antibiotics e.g. major problem to
of oral ALU
intra muscular chloramphenicol children and General management
quinine should be pregnant women health care and
administered nursing
Correction of
Continue Immediate
hypoglycemia Immediate Treatment of
feeding and referral with a
using oral sugar referral with a complications
fluid intake referral
water referral eg.blood transfusion
summary to
summary to the Treatment of
the nearest
Control fever nearest hospital hypoglycemia a
Immediate health care
with ant pyretic when clinical major problem to
referral to the where the
and fanning need dictates children and
nearest facilities for the
e.g. blood pregnant women
health care management of
Control transfusion or
facility severe malaria
convulsion with intensive care Lab investigation on
are available
diazepam other complications
At dispensary, health care centre and hospital levels the following assessments and
resuscitation should be performed.
Maintain airway open
Pull the patient at semi prone position
Ensure proper breathing
Measure PR and BP
Blood glucose estimation
Hb estimation
Blood slide for MPS

21. Explain the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in pregnant women.

Malaria is a common infection among pregnant women especially the primigravidae
Uncomplicated malaria management
During the history taking and physical examination it important to elicit signs and symptoms of severe
malaria. Whenever malaria is suspected laboratory investigation should be performed if possible, if
laboratory facilities are not available treatment should be started basing on the clinical presentation.
I the laboratory results shows a negative results should not rule out malaria
Quinine is safe during pregnancy in all gestational ages.
It is the drug of choice during the first trimester for the uncomplicated malaria treatment, during the or
second and third semesters ALU should be used
Under therapeutical dosage does not induce labor
ALU is not recommended for the treatment of malaria in pregnancy during the first trimester of
pregnancy

22. What are the powers of the council?

 Appoint any officer or inspector to perform any duty or act on behalf of the council as the council
may determine.
 Prescribe and determine the powers and the duties of the officers and inspector appointed to
pursues the above role
 Remove any name from the register roll or list subject to such conditions as the council may
impose
 Consider any matter affecting the pharmacy profession and take such action in connection
therewith as the council may consider necessary.
 Delegate any of its power to any officer, inspector or organization.
23. What do you understand about the secretariat of the council?
 From section 13 of this act it is stated ‘’there shall be the secretariat of the council which shall
consist of The Registrar, Deputy Registrar and such other officers or staffs as the council may
determine
 The officers or the staffs of the council shall be the government employees
 The officer of the council shall be paid allowances as the may determine subject as the minister
may approve.
24. Who is the registrar and what are his responsibilities are?
 From section 12 this Act “the minister shall appoint a registered senior pharmacist in the public
services to be the registrar for the council.
 Shall be secretary of the council
 Subject to this act he shall be responsible for the management and administration of the affairs
of the council.
 There shall the deputy registrar appointed by the minister who shall assist the registrar on
the day to day of activities and such other activities as the council may determine
25. What are the types of the registration and their conditions?
Permanent registration Temporary registration Provisional registration
Given to a pharmacist foreigners Intern pharmacist
Holder of a pharmaceutical Intends to be employed in Holder of a pharmaceutical
degree or any other relevant Tanzania for express purposes degree or any other relevant
qualification being equivalent to qualification being equivalent to a
a pharmaceutical degree. pharmaceutical degree.
A letter of passing forensic Practicing as a pharmacist Dully completed application form
pharmacy examination before entering in Tanzania
and is eligible for registration.
A full academic transcript A full academic transcript certified
certified by the head of an by the head of an institution or an
institution or an academic body academic body where he
where he graduated as a graduated as a pharmacist
pharmacist
Three passport size photos Three passport size photos
endorsed at the back by a endorsed at the back by a public
public notary as a true likeness notary as a true likeness of an
of an applicant applicant
Professional and general
A cv A cv
conduct and professional
conduct render him fit for
A letter of completion of Completed filled and signed
registration.
internship from the supervisor or contract as approved by the
from the chief pharmacist. council for taking of internship
Additional requirements or Evidence of approve by the
documents as the council may council of where the internship
determine. shall taken.
A fully filled PCF 1 Evidence of approval by the
council of the pharmacy or
provider where the internship shall
be undertaken.
A subscribed fee A subscribed fee A subscribed fee

26. The council for the purpose of pharmacy practice shall prescribe (section 38)
 The scope of practice of a
registered, enrolled, or enlisted under this act be deemed to act pertaining to the pharmacy
profession and conditions under which services must be provided
 The services to be provided in
various pharmacies and the conditions under which the services shall be provided
 Rules relating to:
 Codes of conduct of pharmacist,
pharmaceutical technician and pharmaceutical assistants
Good pharmacy practice
The services under which the
pharmacist may levy fees
 The titles or trading names
under which a pharmacy may be conducted
 Matters relating to investigation
and inspection of pharmacy practice and the conduct of the business of a pharmacist.
27. What are the types of permits issued by the council shall consist of ;( section 37)
 Retail
 Distribution
 Institutional
 Any other business the council;
may deem fit for the purpose of this act.
28. You are a pharmacist in a community pharmacy.
a) How many books of records
you will need?
3
b) Give the details of each book?
Prescription book (retail pharmacy only)
Poison book (whole sale and retail)
Dangerous drugs book (whole sale and retail)
29. What are the procedures of dispensing controlled drugs such as morphine and pethidine?
a) qprescription is signed by a
licensed medical practitioner/veterinary surgeon
And then check on the following’
a) Has to be well dated
b) Should have patient name,
age, sex and address
c) Name, quantity, strength and
dosage form of the drug
d) Date of dispensing
e) It shall bear the official seal of
the institution from which it is prescribed
f) Should contain only one drug
only the controlled drug only
g) The signature of the
prescriber
h) The prescription containing
the controlled drug shall not be dispensed on the 21 days lapse from the date it was issued
i) The person dispensing the
prescription has taken reasonably sufficient steps to satisfy himself that it is a genuine
prescription.
j) The dispenser has to be
familiar with the signature of the prescriber
k) The drug shall not be supplied
for more than once one the same prescription provided that if the prescription so direct, the
drug can be supplied for more than once but not more than three times at interval specified
on the prescription
l) The person dispensing shall
mark there on the date on which it is dispensed and shall keep it in the premises where it is
dispensed so that it shall be available for inspection
m) Every person who supply the
narcotics shall enter into a special register drug purchasing or received or supplied on the
same day following the transaction
n) He shall cancel or alter any
entry. Any mistake shall be corrected at the marginal note or foot note giving correct
particular and date
30. what are the side effects of asprin

 lack, bloody, or tarry stools;

 coughing up blood or vomit that looks like coffee grounds;

 severe nausea, vomiting, or stomach pain;

 fever lasting longer than 3 days;

 swelling, or pain lasting longer than 10 days; or

 Hearing problems, ringing in your ears.

Less serious side effects may include:

 upset stomach, heartburn;

 drowsiness; or

 Headache.
rd
31. Explain the aims of the First international Narcotic Control of January 23 1972
32．Why many anti biotic cause diarrhea
Normal floras in the colon are interfered making room for the growth of dangerous
bacteria
Depletion of vitamin B complex causing the morphological deformation
33. What is the composition of the ministerial board?
Permanent secretary who is the chairman
Not more than 12 members appointed by the minister
The DG who is the secretary to the board bamc 27267