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Introduction
The body is constantly exposed to sun radiation, which has both positive and negative effects on a person's health. Human skin has the same capacity to absorb light energy as plants do through a process known as photosynthesis. Certain skin cell sensors, such as mitochondrial chromophores or opsins, absorb photons. As a result, electron transport triggers a variety of signaling pathways. The solar spectrum is made up of three components, according to the International Commission on Illumination (CIE 1987): ultraviolet (UV: 100–400 nm), visible light (VIS: 380–780 nm), and infrared (IR: 780–1,000,000 nm). The radiation penetrates the skin more deeply the longer the wavelength. Its intrinsic energy increases with wavelength length.1This light falls into the visible spectrum's blue region, with a wavelength of 400–500 nm.
It has been proposed that blue light influences circadian entrainment, lengthens perceived duration, and increases alertness. that is connected to the activation of photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. For particular populations like bus drivers, ambulance personnel, and military personnel, exposure to blue-enriched light is therefore beneficial in the real world. Furthermore, in actual practice, blue light phototherapy is a useful technique for lowering neonatal jaundice patients' serum bilirubin levels. But there is a lot of worry about the possible risk that short-wave light poses to the eyes. According to certain research, intense blue light can directly reach the retina through the cornea and lens, damaging it photo chemically. The term for this is blue light hazard.2
Concerns over the long-term effects of artificial blue light exposure on sleep cycles, retinal aging, and age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) in humans are growing. The question of whether artificial light can present a "blue light hazard" is still up for debate. Regarding the "blue light hazard," the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) released a position statement in 2019. This statement came to the conclusion that, under generally foreseeable circumstances, the present internationally accepted exposure limits are not exceeded. The CIE did, however, suggest that the existing "blue light hazard" safety limit for adults be lowered for children by a factor of ten. But in a report published in 2019, the French Agency for Food, Environmental, and Occupational Health and Safety expressed concerns regarding the rising.3
Although the number of people using computers is growing rapidly worldwide, working at a computer terminal can still pose health risks to your eyes because it places a lot of strain on your visual functions. Employees who work on video display terminals (VDTs) for longer than four hours a day may experience visual fatigue and discomfort due to digital asthenopia, which is the inability to see well enough to comfortably perform computer tasks. Tired eyes, sore or aching eyes, irritated eyes, watery eyes, dryness, eye strain, hot or burning eyes, blurred vision, difficulty focusing, and visual discomfort are the most typical symptoms of DA. Approximately 65% of American citizens are thought to be affected by DA in some way. It is now a serious issue for public health. Digital device blue light has also been linked to developmental anomalies. When young adults read against a sepia background (lower blue light contribution) as opposed to the standard white background of a contemporary tablet device, Isono et al. reported fewer ocular subjective complaints. With all blue filter levels tested, Cheng et al. demonstrated a decrease in ocular complaint scores in dry eye (DE). In comparison to other groups, the ones subjected to a high blue light blockage reported fewer post-task eye symptoms, according to Ide et al . Blue-blocking (BB) lenses, which reduce short-wavelength light, are being sold with the intention of reducing discomfort and eye strain from digital device use, enhancing sleep, and possibly providing protection against retinal photo toxicity.4 Reference ;
1- Bonnans M, Fouque L, Pelletier M, Chabert R, Pinacolo S, Restellini L, Cucumel K. Blue light : Friend or foe? . Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 212, 2020, 112026.
2- Ouyang X, Yang J, Hong Z, Wu Y, Xia Y, Wang G. Mechanisms of blue light-induced eye hazard and protective measures: a review. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy130, 2020, 110577.
