Analysis Mason Global Race To 5G Update Apr19

Final report for CTIA
Global Race to 5G –
update
April 2019
David Abecassis, Janette Stewart,

Chris Nickerson
Ref: 2015448-103
.
Contents
1 Executive summary 1
2 Introduction and context for the study 4

2.1 Summary of study objectives and approach 5
2.2 Structure of this report 6
3 Industry developments and 5G launches 8

3.1 5G trials and commercial launches 8
3.2 Standardization progress and devices 16
4 Spectrum releases for 5G 22

4.1 Overview of mobile spectrum currently assigned in benchmark countries 22
4.2 5G spectrum to be released in benchmark countries 29
5 National strategies and plans 41

5.1 National 5G strategies and government aid on 5G technology trials 41
5.2 Infrastructure policy 45
6 Comparison of 5G readiness across markets 54

6.1 Drivers of 5G readiness 54
6.2 5G readiness comparison 66
7 Conclusions 71
Annex A Abbreviations used in this report

Annex B Country case studies
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Global Race to 5G – update
Copyright © 2019. Analysys Mason Limited has produced the information contained herein
for CTIA. The ownership, use and disclosure of this information are subject to the
Commercial Terms contained in the contract between Analysys Mason Limited and CTIA.
Analysys Mason Limited

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Ref: 2015448-103 .
Global Race to 5G – update | 1
1 Executive summary
Since Analysys Mason’s first ‘Global Race to 5G’ report was published in April 2018, the pace of
5G developments has continued to be rapid. Several countries now have commercial 5G services in
place (although limited to certain subscribers, or specific geographical areas initially). As we
describe in this report, by 2020 we expect to see around 80 operators in more than 40 countries
worldwide having made 5G services available to their subscribers. 5G device availability is expected
to expand rapidly in the remainder of 2019. Operators are working with industrial partners to develop
5G services for specific industries, as well as offering 5G mobile broadband (offering faster speeds
and quicker response times) to consumers.
Key findings
Our overall conclusion is that the countries ranked highest in our previous report are still positioned
as 5G leaders in 2019. In the top tier of countries, the US has moved up to a tie with China as the
leading nations in our ‘5G readiness’ assessment, scoring higher than other nations on most of our
metrics. South Korea and Japan follow closely behind China and the US. The US rise in the ranking
reflects determined moves by the US operators to follow through 5G commercialization
commitments with the launch of 5G services in 2018, aided by significant infrastructure reforms
(e.g. in relation to small-cell siting) in the past year and initial 5G spectrum auctions. However, there
is still more to be done to ensure that the US retains its leading position, and we have found that a
key short-term goal for the US to maintain its leading position is improving the availability of mid-
band spectrum.
The second and third tiers of countries that we reported on last time have expanded to include a
larger number of countries in our latest report. Several European nations are leading the second tier
and could overtake some of the countries in the leading tier (e.g. Japan) during 2019.
The overall placing of countries is illustrated below.
Figure 1.1: Overall 5G readiness scores [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Compared to the 2018 rankings, six countries have either maintained or improved their rankings, as
shown below.
Figure 1.2: Overall 5G readiness scores 2019, color coded by change in ranking1 since 2018 [Source:
Analysys Mason, 2019]
A summary of other conclusions from the study is as follows:
Mid-band spectrum will Many of the planned 5G commercial launches referred to in our report
be important for early 5G will use mid-band spectrum, particularly in the 3GHz band. Many of
deployments and a the 5G devices becoming available in 2019 are expected to support this
critical building block for frequency range. The US has previously lagged behind other nations in
5G services terms of the amount of mid-band spectrum being released for 5G use.
Whilst there has been significant progress in the US on other important
aspects of 5G launch, such as reform of infrastructure planning
procedures (e.g. in relation to small-cell siting), there is still more to be
done to ensure that the US retains its leading position through better
availability of mid-band spectrum, which is a key short-term goal.
Since the first edition of When our first report was published in 2018, we identified 5G pre-
this report was published commercial trials being underway in the leading 5G markets. Since then,
in 2018, the 5G market there has been rapid progress toward commercial deployment and service
has continued to develop launch. The early commercial launches that we identified in last year’s
rapidly, with many report have now occurred, and the 5G market is continuing to move rapidly
operators preparing to from test/trials to large-scale pilots and commercial launches. Release 15-
launch services and compatible RAN equipment is widely available and more 5G smartphones
several launches already are expected to emerge during the second half of this year, which will allow
announced consumers to use 5G networks from mobile devices.
1 This is the change in ranking within the group of eight countries that have been assessed in both the 2018 and 2019
reports.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Actions being taken by Several case studies are identified in this report highlighting the
national governments to importance of government policies to reduce or eliminate burdens on
encourage 5G 5G deployment. In the US, federal and state policymakers have been
deployment include instrumental in easing barriers to small-cell deployment. Examples of
reform of siting policies approaches in other markets include China waiving the standard per-
and license fees MHz fee for spectrum for 5G licenses in the initial years, and a focus
on reducing barriers to mobile deployment in the UK.
Enhanced mobile Early 5G services are predominantly eMBB and FWA; however, the
broadband (eMBB) and service mix should increase as 5G evolves into the next phase of
fixed wireless access specifications anticipated in 3GPP Release 16. Several operators have
have emerged as the announced collaborations with vendors and industry players to test the
initial 5G use cases use of 5G in different industrial sectors, as described in this report, and
hence vertical uses are expected to remain an important element of 5G
services, as networks become more sophisticated beyond initial launch.
In some markets, there have been proposals to reserve specific spectrum
for 5G industrial use, however there is a need for regulators to consider
such schemes carefully, including whether they are applicable or
appropriate to specific bands.
Spectrum focus for 5G As identified in the first edition of this report, worldwide focus on 5G
remains on the mid-band deployment has been on mid-band spectrum (mainly 3.4–4.2GHz), along
frequencies and on mm- with selected bands above 24GHz. Each of these bands has been included
wave bands in 3GPP Release 15 specifications, and 5G handset availability is
expected to improve in 2019 both for 3.4–3.8GHz and 28GHz (with
26GHz following thereafter). The US is leading other nations with the
award of mm-wave spectrum for 5G use and it is expected that other
countries will follow this lead, pending the outcome of WRC-19 (where
worldwide discussion on mm-wave spectrum for 5G will take place).
Ref: 2015448-103 .
2 Introduction and context for the study
This report is the latest in a series of reports prepared by Analysys Mason on behalf of CTIA
comparing spectrum and infrastructure policies and deployments in markets worldwide for the latest
generation of mobile services, referred to as Fifth Generation, or 5G.2 The first ‘Global Race to 5G’
report that Analysys Mason prepared for CTIA was published in April 2018.3 This report provides
an update to the 2018 report, based on new analysis taking account of 5G developments since the
previous report was produced.
Since the first edition of the ‘Global Race to 5G’ report was published in April 2018, there has been
significant progress in 5G readiness – moving from 5G technology trials to deployment and
commercial launch – with mobile operators in several world markets announcing 5G launches
during the second half of 2018: South Korea, Qatar, Finland, Estonia, and the US. Many more
operators are currently working on 5G deployment, ahead of further commercial launches being
announced in 2019/2020. 5G launches have taken place so far in mid-band spectrum (e.g. 3.5GHz),
and in high-band spectrum (e.g. 28GHz), with vendors having unveiled 5G equipment for these
bands in 2018 ahead of equipment leveraging other bands becoming available during 2019.
As we describe in the remainder of this report, by 2020 we expect to see around 80 operators in
more than 40 countries worldwide having made 5G services available to their subscribers.
At the time of producing this report, 5G services being launched are based on either home internet
use or nomadic use via 5G routers, with some mobile 5G offerings. Most of the services being
offered can be described as ‘enhanced mobile broadband’ (eMBB), offering higher speed mobile
broadband services either for enterprise or consumer use.4 Several vendors have already announced
the launch of 5G smartphones during 2019, and further launches are expected in the remainder of
this year.5
2 CTIA is the leading trade association for the wireless industry in the US, representing companies reflecting all parts
of the wireless ecosystem, including mobile network operators, equipment manufacturers, software providers, and
other providers of products and services involved in the mobile wireless marketplace.
3 https://www.ctia.org/the-wireless-industry/the-race-to-5g
4 The ITU-R has defined three categories of 5G use cases:
(1) Enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) – an evolution of existing 3G and 4G consumer MBB services, to provide
significantly higher throughput, capacity and performance.
(2) Massive machine type communication (mMTC) – embraces the Internet of Things to deliver services in a world
where a vast number of devices, things and objects are connected by 5G networks.
(3) Ultra-reliable low-latency communications (uRLLC) – this refers to the capabilities of 5G enabling extremely low
latency for applications and services (such as critical infrastructures and emergency services), with the possibility
of 5G technology achieving a latency of no more than a few milliseconds for the connections between devices and
applications servers.
See, for example, https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Documents/ITU_5G_REPORT-2018.pdf
5 In August 2018, Lenovo (Motorola) was the first major manufacturer to announce a 5G capable smartphone – the Moto
Z3. The Moto Z3 is made 5G capable using a separate 5G modem module (the 5G Moto Mod) which is magnetically
attached to the smartphone. The 5G Moto Mod is scheduled for shipment in “early 2019”. More recently, in February
2019, Samsung, Huawei, LG, and Xiaomi have each launched 5G smartphones (the Samsung S10, Huawei Mate X,
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Governments worldwide are continuing to take account of the race to 5G in their policy making, and
there have been developments in several markets aimed at easing wireless infrastructure deployment
by reforming siting policies to be suitable for the 5G era. 5G spectrum assignment has also
progressed during 2018 with regulators in Italy, Spain, the UK, US, South Korea, and Australia
having completed auctions of spectrum suitable for 5G deployment. As described in the first edition
of the ‘Global Race to 5G’ report, worldwide focus on spectrum for 5G remains in mid-band
spectrum (from around 3.3–4.2GHz) and in higher, millimeter-wave (mm-wave) bands (principally
24.25–29.5GHz). Low-band spectrum, such as the 600MHz and 700MHz bands, is also expected to
play a key role globally in providing wider-area coverage for 5G services.
The industry equipment standards group, 3GPP, is now entering the second phase of 5G
specifications (‘3GPP Release 16’), the first stage of which is expected to be complete by March
2020, having largely completed the initial phase (‘3GPP Release 15’ specifications) in 2018. With
3GPP Release 16 expected to expand on 5G capabilities in both the radio and core components of
mobile networks, further service opportunities will emerge as 5G networks become essential
components of the connected digital opportunities that are widely foreseen over the next decade.
Given the rapid pace of 5G developments, CTIA commissioned Analysys Mason to update its first
‘Global Race to 5G’ report, to produce this second edition. As with the first report, the key objective
has been to investigate 5G readiness in different world markets, and to contrast the different
spectrum and infrastructure policies and approaches being proposed toward 5G launch and service
evolution.
2.1 Summary of study objectives and approach
As with the previous report, the objectives of this study were twofold:
• To investigate actions taking place in markets worldwide, including the US, regarding the
commercialization of 5G, including actions by operators, regulators and policy makers toward
early 5G launch and service evolution.
• To compare what is happening on 5G in the US to other markets in terms of ‘readiness’ for 5G

commercial launch, to produce an overall comparison of markets ranked according to a series
of metrics defined for this study.
Compared to the first report, we have expanded the number of markets included in our analysis, with
our research covering fourteen markets where significant 5G deployments are being planned or have
taken place: Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, Qatar, South
Korea, Spain, Sweden, the UK, and the US (referred to as the ‘benchmark countries’).
For each market, we have reviewed preparations for 5G spectrum awards compared to the previous
report in 2018 (for markets included in the 2018 report) and identified key progress. We have also
LG V50 THINQ and Xiaomi Mi Mix 3 respectively). The smartphones are scheduled to be made commercially available
later in 2019. Further details are provided in Section 3.2.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
investigated specific policies being proposed in different markets to facilitate new mobile
infrastructure deployment or to promote 5G technological development (including government
funded and/or cross-industry trials aimed at validating new 5G use cases). We have also assessed
what operators in different markets have announced with respect to 5G launch, to establish an
overview of 5G launches expected in 2019, 2020, and beyond. Finally, considerations about
spectrum, infrastructure, and 5G commercial launch have been combined to produce an overall
assessment of ‘5G readiness’. We have updated the metrics used to assess 5G readiness in our first
report to reflect progress on 5G developments during 2018 from trial to deployment/launch. The
metrics we use to compare 5G readiness between different markets in the remainder of this report
are as follows:
• Industry commitment (trials, pilots and commercial launches).
• Amount and timeline of low-band spectrum – this refers to the amount of mobile spectrum
in the market below 3GHz, in bands identified for mobile (‘International mobile
telecommunications’6).
• Amount and timeline of mid-band spectrum, which refers to the amount of mobile spectrum
assigned in bands allocated for primary mobile use, from 3–24GHz.
• Amount and timeline of high-band spectrum, which refers to the amount of mobile spectrum
in mm-wave bands, above 24GHz.
• Total mobile spectrum release – this metric considers the total mobile spectrum available to
mobile operators in each market, including spectrum assigned for previous mobile generations,
and new spectrum already awarded for 5G.
• Government support for 5G (including pro-5G infrastructure policy).
As before, our analysis and conclusions reflect progress toward 5G launches taking place around the
world at the time of producing this report and are based on comparison between countries in
accordance with the metrics identified in the report. It is noted that other inherent factors within the
wireless market – such as in relation to supply-side changes or changing priorities within planned
network deployments – could influence the outcomes identified.
2.2 Structure of this report
The remainder of this document is laid out as follows:
• Section 3 discusses industry developments and 5G commercial launches

• Section 4 considers spectrum releases for 5G in low, mid and high bands
• Section 5 describes national strategies and government support for 5G, including revised mobile
infrastructure policies and other pro-5G strategies
6 International mobile telecommunications or IMT is the ITU’s term for public mobile services and the associated
spectrum used
Ref: 2015448-103 .
• Section 6 assesses the overall ‘5G readiness’ of the benchmark countries, contrasting readiness
against six key metrics that we have identified
• Section 7 provides our conclusions and recommendations.
The report includes two annexes containing supplementary material:
• Annex A summarizes the abbreviations used in the report

• Annex B provides 5G case studies for each of the benchmark countries.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
3 Industry developments and 5G launches
Since the 2018 edition of this report, details of trials that mobile operators have been working on
with vendors and industry (vertical) players have been publicized. Several early 5G commercial
launches have occurred – notably in the US and in South Korea. Some early network launches are
using proprietary 5G technology, whereas other network operators are opting to wait for 3GPP
Release 15 equipment and devices to be available before launching commercial 5G services.
As we move forward through 2019, it is expected that more operators will progress from 5G
technology trials to 3GPP Release 15-compliant commercial deployment, and 5G launch. In this
section, we discuss industry progress toward 5G launch. This analysis covers the first metric in our
5G readiness assessment, ‘Industry commitment (trials, pilots and commercial launch)’.
3.1 5G trials and commercial launches
5G trials and pre-commercial deployment are continuing to accelerate around the world as operators
aim to reach full service launch with 5G networks. Several vendors are expected to launch 5G
devices during 2019.7 The availability of 3GPP-compliant devices is expected to boost the number
of full commercial deployments of 5G over the remainder of 2019 and in 2020.
A report8 published in February 2019 identified 201 operators in 83 countries that are actively
investing in 5G (i.e. that have demonstrated, are testing or trialing,9 or have been licensed to conduct
field trials of 5G technologies, are deploying 5G new radio (NR) technology in their networks or
have announced full service launches10). These countries are shown in Figure 3.1 below.
7 A number of vendors have now officially unveiled 5G smartphone models, which are scheduled to be made available
later in 2019. A number of other vendors are also expected to launch 5G smartphones later in 2019. Further details
are provided in Section 3.2.
8 “Global Progress to 5G - Trials, Deployments and Launches”, published by the GSA in February 2018. See
https://gsacom.com/
9 The GSA’s definition of 5G trials excludes (where available data permits) trials of massive MIMO technologies that do
not offer at least 64 transmit channels at the base station. The GSA states: “Such lower order MIMO trials with 8, 16
or 32 transmit channels (sometimes claimed by operators as pre-5G or 5G technologies), or where the MIMO order
is not revealed, are now counted in GSA figures as LTE-Advanced or LTE-Advanced Pro trials as appropriate, unless
the tests have other characteristics that would make them intrinsically 5G (such as use of new very high spectral
frequencies or NR approaches)”.
10 A commercial launch is defined as a service that is available to consumers (either using proprietary or 3GPP-compliant
devices). Operators that have switched on 5G-NR at base station sites or are conducting ‘live’ trials with selected
users (but without selling 5G subscriptions to consumers) are not classified as having achieved commercial launch.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Figure 3.1: Countries with operators investing in 5G [Source: GSA, February 2019. Powered by Bing ©
GeoNames, HERE, MSFT, Wikipedia]
The GSA has identified over 560 separate 5G demonstrations, technology tests, or live pre-
commercial trials, across operators globally;11 this excludes trials being run by vendors
independently of MNOs. Almost all the nationwide MNOs in our group of benchmark countries
have now announced extensive 5G trials, as a precursor to full service launch.12 The report therefore
focuses exclusively on these pre-commercial developments and commercial launch plans.
Several MNOs in the benchmark countries have now launched 5G services commercially. These are:
• Verizon in the US. On October 1, 2018, Verizon launched a commercial mm-wave (28GHz
and 39GHz) 5G FWA service (‘Verizon 5G Home’) in parts of Sacramento, Houston,
Indianapolis, and Los Angeles. The service is based on Verizon’s own proprietary standard ‘5G
TF’ (Technical Forum), but will be upgraded to 3GPP standards once equipment becomes
available.
• AT&T in the US. On December 21, 2018, AT&T commercially launched a 3GPP-compliant
mobile 5G service, using 39GHz spectrum, in (parts of) 12 cities: Atlanta; Charlotte (NC),
Dallas, Houston, Indianapolis, Jacksonville (FL), Louisville (KY), Oklahoma City, New
Orleans, Raleigh (NC), San Antonio, and Waco (TX). The service is available with AT&T’s
NETGEAR Nighthawk mobile hotspot device.
• SKT, KT, and LGU+ in South Korea. On December 1, 2018, South Korea’s three MNOs
launched commercial 5G FWA services (based on 3GPP NR standards) using spectrum in the
11 As of February 2019.
12 These trials were detailed in our previous report, but many others have since been announced. Various resources are
available which track 5G trials. For example, the European 5G Observatory tracks “trials, pilot tests, pre-commercial
and commercial launches of 5G based services… around the globe”. See https://5gobservatory.eu/5g-trial/
Ref: 2015448-103 .
3420–3700MHz range. The MNOs launched services at the same time in specific locations
across the country; services are limited to enterprise customers only.
Further information on these early 5G launches can be found in Annex A.
Several13 other operators, not included in our group of benchmark countries, have also announced
commercial 5G network launches. For example, MNO Etisalat (UAE) announced14 in May 2018
that it had launched a commercial 5G FWA service, and Finnish/Estonian MNO Elisa announced15
in June 2018 that it had launched a commercial 5G network (in Tampere in Finland and Tallinn in
Estonia) and begun selling 5G subscriptions.16
In a number of other announced deployments, operators have stated that they have switched on
‘commercial’ 5G base stations, but are waiting for compatible devices to be available on the market
to enable the offer of mobile services to consumers (device availability is discussed in Section 3.2
below). One of the earliest such announcements came from mobile operator Ooredoo, who
announced in May 2018 that its first live 5G site had been switched on in Qatar ahead of mobile
devices becoming available. In other cases, operators have used test licenses to deploy some form
of limited service, but commercial services must wait until full licenses have been assigned. Finally,
many other operators have announced pre-commercial 5G pilots. Most of the benchmark countries
are in one of these categories.
The number of operators announcing schedules for the commercial introduction of 5G services is
expected to rise substantially in the next year to 18 months or so as the first 5G-capable FWA devices
and smartphones start to emerge (see Section 3.2). Launch dates and plans for commercial 5G
services announced by operators in the benchmark countries are shown in Figure 3.2 below.
13 In addition to the examples of Elisa and Etisalat provided, the GSA also lists a number of other commercial 5G
launches (for examples Vodacom in Lesotho).
14 On May 14, 2018, Etisalat announced that 5G FWA services “will be provided in select locations in UAE” with
“commercial fixed devices and services… available for consumers starting from September this year [i.e. 2018]”. See
https://www.etisalat.ae/en/about-
us/media_center/press_releases/etisalat_launches_first_commercial_5g_network_in_the_mena.jsp
15 Although the GSA classifies this as a commercial launch, at the time of the announcement only test spectrum licenses
were available. FICORA, the regulator in Finland, has since auctioned spectrum in the 3.4–3.8GHz band. On October
1, 2018, Elisa stated that the spectrum it won at auction would “be in commercial use in Finland on 1 January 2019.
The first commercial 5G devices are expected in the markets during 2019”. See:
https://corporate.elisa.com/news-room/press-releases/elisa-press-
release/?id=74816483692765&tag=corporate.elisa.com%3Apress and https://corporate.elisa.com/news-room/press-
releases/elisa-press-release/?id=91355757317710&tag=corporate.elisa.com%3Apress
16 In all these cases, it should be noted that the services being provided are available in defined (mostly urban) locations
only. In some cases, the ‘commercial’ 5G service is limited to certain users only, or to specific device types (e.g.
restricted to a certain customer base or not using 3GPP-compliant equipment or devices). Nevertheless, in the
services outlined above, we understand that the operators have both confirmed availability of devices and the
provision of services to some commercial customers.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Figure 3.2: Commercial 5G launch plans of nationwide MNOs in benchmark countries [Source: GSA17 and
MNO announcements, see Annex A for further details and sources]
5G commercial
Country MNO Overview of 5G launch plans
launch date
Telstra has announced that its 5G roll-out will target
Telstra H1 2019 major cities and regional centers and that its first 5G
services will be launched in H1 2019
Australia 5G FWA services to be launched in several locations in
Optus H1 2019
H1 2019
5G commercial deployment date not yet publicly
VHA N/d
announced
Currently upgrading network with 5G-NR technology “to
Rogers 2020
be ready for 5G commercial deployment in 2020”
Bell N/d
Canada announced
Telus has been testing 5G FWA services, and has
Telus 2020 stated it expects the technology to become
commercially available from 2020
China Mobile will “launch 5G smartphones in the first
China
2020 half of 2019, as part of the push for 5G pre-commercial
Mobile
trials in 2019 and commercialization by 2020”
China Unicom is aiming for “pre-commercial 5G
China
China 2020 network deployment in 2019 and large-scale
Unicom
deployment in 2020”
China Telecom is “commencing pre-commercialization
China
2020 of 5G technology in 2019”, while commercial launch is
Telecom
targeted for 2020
Orange Group has stated that “5G… will be installed in
17 European cities [including France and Spain] in
2019 and ready for commercial release in 2020, so
Orange 2020
long as enough 5G smartphones are available”. We
understand that customers in the 17 cities will be able
to subscribe to 5G services in 2019
SFR has begun conducting live 5G trials in Nantes, and
France stated it expects commercial services to be available in
SFR 2020
2021. Other recent reports have indicated that SFR is
aiming to launch commercial services in 2020
Bouygues is currently preparing to deploy its 5G
Bouygues 2020
network, “which will be marketed in 2020”
5G commercial deployment plans not yet publicly
Free N/d
announced
Telefonica 2020 announced. However, reports have indicated that
Germany launch is likely to take place in 2020
Vodafone aims to make 5G services available to
Vodafone 2020
customers from 2020
17 There may be discrepancies with the details reported by the GSA, due to our own analysis of operator press releases
and news reports.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
5G commercial
launch date
In October 2018, DT stated that it would launch
DT 2020 commercial 5G operations in 2020, as long as enough
commercial devices are available
HKT These MNOs have not yet publicly announced 5G
SmarTone commercial deployment dates. However, a general
2020 timeframe of 2020 (at the earliest) has been
Three referenced, in agreement with government
Hong announcements and spectrum availability
Kong CMHK has stated that when 5G spectrum is released
(2019–2020), it “will be ready to provide full services to
CMHK 2019 users”. CMHK notes that since 5G smartphones will not
be available until H2 2019, the earliest services would
be FWA
TIM has installed a live 5G site in San Marino ahead of
TIM 2020
full commercial launch
A network in Milan has been deployed for testing,
however since 5G devices are not yet commercially
Vodafone 2019 available, a full service has not been launched.
Vodafone plans to add 5G networks in Turin, Bologna,
Italy Naples, and Rome during 2019
Wind Tre expects the “first parts of the country” to see
Wind Tre 2019 5G deployment by end-2019, but 5G devices would not
be available to the mass market until 2020 or 2021
Iliad N/d
announced
NTT DOCOMO plans to launch pre-commercial 5G
NTT
2020 services in September 2019 and aims to launch
DOCOMO
commercial 5G services across Japan by mid-2020
KDDI “plans to offer a limited range of 5G-based
KDDI 2020 services in 2019, before a full-fledged 5G launch in
2020”
Japan
Softbank “plans to begin with a limited commercial
Softbank 2019 deployment in 2019 and then deploy a full 5G service
for smartphones in 2020”
Rakuten plans to launch commercial mobile services in
Rakuten 2020 October 2019. Services will initially be 4G only; it plans
to launch 5G in early 2020
Ooredoo has stated that a number of its sites are 5G
ready, but it does not expect 5G mobile handsets to be
available until mid-2019. Ooredoo is developing a 5G
Ooredoo 2019
FWA device and has said that a number of locations
will be connected with the device by “the end of the
Qatar desert season in 2019”
Like Ooredoo, Vodafone has announced commercial
5G launch, but notes that 5G devices are not expected
Vodafone 2019 to be available until later in 2019. It announced its first
5G FWA “commercially connected” customer on
December 31, 2018
SKT Each of South Korea’s three MNOs launched 5G FWA
S. Korea Launched services (limited to enterprise customers only) on
KT
Ref: 2015448-103 .
5G commercial
launch date
December 1, 2018. Full (mobile) commercial 5G launch
LGU+ for regular consumers is scheduled for March 2019,
once 5G smartphones are available
5G commercial launch date not yet publicly announced.
Vodafone N/d However, Vodafone has launched 5G trials in six
Spanish cities
Telefonica has launched 5G pilots in two Spanish
Telefonica N/d cities, but reports indicate that the operator will not
launch services before 2020
Spain Orange Group has stated that “5G… will be installed in

17 European cities [including France and Spain] in
2019 and ready for commercial release in 2020, so
Orange 2019
long as enough 5G smartphones are available”. We
understand that customers in the 17 cities will be able
to experience 5G services in 201918
Mas Movil N/d
announced
Telia is aiming for “a commercial launch of 5G in
Telia 2020
Sweden in 2020”
Telenor Tele2 and Telenor have signed an agreement on

Sweden 2020 deploying a joint nationwide 5G network. They aim to
Tele2 “give the first customers access to 5G by 2020”

Tre N/d
announced
O2 has confirmed that it will not roll out a commercial
O2 N/d
5G deployment before 2020
BT/EE aims to upgrade 1500 sites to 5G in 2019, and
BT/EE 2019 to launch both mobile and FWA 5G services within a
2019–2020 timeframe
UK Vodafone aims to provide multiple cities in the UK with

Vodafone 2019
5G coverage during 2019, and 1,000 5G sites by 2020
Three has noted that the first commercial 5G devices
are expected in H2 2019. It has not stated plans for
Three UK 2019 launching 5G FWA services, but commissioned a
report on the technology which was published in
November 2018
In December 2018, AT&T launched a commercial 5G
mobile service (using mm-wave spectrum) in parts of
AT&T Launched 12 cities using a mobile hotspot device. AT&T aims to
US19 offer nationwide mobile 5G services by early 2020.
AT&T also aims to offer 5G FWA services
Sprint has named a list of nine cities in which it aims to
Sprint 2019
launch commercial 5G services in H1 2019
18 We have assigned Orange Spain an expected launch date of 2019, but Orange France a launch date of 2020. This
reflects an emphasis on 5G in Spain in Orange’s press releases.
19 US Cellular (the fifth largest MNO in the US market, currently operating in 23 states) announced in February 2018
that it aims to provide 5G services to its customers in the second half of 2019. See
https://www.uscellular.com/about/press-room/2019/USCellular-selects-Ericsson-for-5G-deployments.html
Ref: 2015448-103 .
5G commercial
launch date
T-Mobile has named 30 cities which will be among the
T-Mobile 2019 first to experience their 5G offering. T-Mobile is aiming
to achieve nationwide 5G coverage by 2020
In October 2018, Verizon launched a commercial 5G
FWA service in parts of certain cities, using proprietary
Verizon Launched standards. Verizon’s 5G mobility service is scheduled
to go live in certain cities in April 2019, and it aims to
have launched in 30 cities by the end of 2019.
In summary, most MNOs in our benchmark countries are expected to launch commercial 5G
services during 2019 and 2020. Many other MNOs globally are also expected to launch services
over the coming years. Indeed, in February 2019 the GSA reported that 90 telecom operators in
48 countries have announced intentions of making 5G available to their customers before the end of
2021.20
Figure 3.3: Number of operators expected to launch commercial 5G services [Source: GSA,21 March 2019]
Region Already Due to Due to Due to Testing/

launched launch 2019 launch 2020 launch 2021 trialing
Europe 2 18 20 5 21
Asia 6 10 13 2 29
North America 3 3 3 - 5
Rest of World 1 2 3 - 15
Total 12 33 39 7 70
Operators in our benchmark countries that are understood to be trialing or intending to launch 5G
FWA services are shown in Figure 3.4 below.
Figure 3.4: Operators in benchmark countries planning or trialing 5G FWA services [Source: GSA and MNO
announcements,22 see Annex A for further details]
MNO Country 5G FWA launch plans

Three has said that it will offer FWA when it launches 5G services in
2019. In November 2018, a report was published (commissioned by
Three UK Three), entitled “5G Wireless Home Broadband: A Credible Alternative
to Fixed Broadband”, suggesting that 5G FWA could be a challenger to
fixed line connections in the UK market
AT&T has stated that its existing customers’ FWA services would be
AT&T US upgradable to “take advantage of AT&T 5G when its available in their
area”
CMHK has stated that when 5G spectrum is released [2019–2020], it
CMHK Hong Kong
“will be ready to provide full services to users”. CMHK notes that since
20 “Global Progress to 5G - Trials, Deployments and Launches”, published in February 2019. See https://gsacom.com/
21 For consistency, we have directly presented data here as reported by the GSA. Numbers are based on the GAMBoD
database published in March 2019.
22 We note that the GSA lists DT (Germany) as planning an FWA service for 2019 and Vodafone (UK) as ‘deploying or
piloting’ an FWA service. However, we have not been able to explicitly verify this based on MNO announcements.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
MNO Country 5G FWA launch plans

5G smartphones will not be available until H2 2019, the earliest services
would be FWA
BT/EE aims to upgrade 1500 sites to 5G in 2019, and to launch both
BT/EE UK mobile and FWA 5G services in 2019. The MNO has selected sixteen
UK cities where 5G sites will be deployed in 2019
FWA service launched (for enterprise customers only) in December
KT South Korea
2018 (see above)
LGU+ South Korea
2018 (see above)
Ooredoo has stated that “by end of the desert season in 2019, a host of
Ooredoo Qatar the most popular desert locations will be connected with 5G Home
Broadband [i.e. FWA] devices”
Optus Australia 5G FWA services to be launched in a number of capital cities in H1 2019
SKT South Korea
2018 (see above)
Sprint has announced that it is working with HTC to bring a “5G mobile
smart hub” to the market in H1 2019. While this appears to be a mobile
Sprint US hotspot rather than an FWA device, Sprint has stated that it will serve
"small households, apartment dwellers, [and] even small businesses" for
primary internet access
In October 2018, Telefonica announced plans (with Samsung) to begin
Telefonica Germany conducting 5G FWA trials. In February 2019, Telefonica confirmed that
the trials (using spectrum in the 26GHz band) had been completed
We are not aware of operator announcements regarding FWA, although
Telstra has noted that “5G-capable smartphones are unlikely to hit the
Telstra Australia mainstream until late 2019 or early 2020, and in the meantime 5G will
see use in other offerings such as fixed wireless”. The GSA lists Telstra
as planning an FWA service for 2020
Telus has been testing 5G FWA services, and has stated it expects the
Telus Canada
technology to become commercially available from 2020
In April 2018, T-Mobile and Sprint announced that they had entered into
an agreement to merge; the merger is currently being reviewed by
regulators. T-Mobile has stated that the merged entity would offer “both
T-Mobile US
in-home broadband services and mobile broadband”. In particular, the
merged entity would look to offer in-home broadband to 52% of zip
codes across the US by 2024
Verizon US Service launched in October 2018 (see above)
Vodafone announced its first 5G FWA “commercially connected” customer
Vodafone Qatar
(Gulf Bridge International) on December 31, 2018
As discussed in our 2018 report, in addition to MNOs, several other participants in the value chain
are conducting 5G trials and looking to launch 5G services using licensed spectrum. For example:
• In July 2017, UK telecom infrastructure company Arqiva announced23 that it had launched
Europe’s first 5G FWA trial in central London with vendor Samsung, using existing fixed
23 See https://www.arqiva.com/news/press-releases/arqiva-and-samsung-kick-off-uks-first-5g-fixed-wireless-access-
trial/. Plans for the trial were announced in February 2017: https://www.arqiva.com/news/press-releases/arqiva-and-
Ref: 2015448-103 .
wireless licenses issued in the UK for the 28GHz band. In April 2018, Arqiva announced24 a
partnership with MNO O2 in to deploy 300 outdoor small cells across a central location in
London. The deployment will use mm-wave spectrum; roll-out is scheduled to be completed in
2020.
• Dense Air, an operating company of the Airspan Group, acquired spectrum in the 3.4-3.8GHz
band at auctions in both Ireland (2017) and Australia (2018). Dense Air aims to provide ‘neutral
host’25 4G and 5G services in densely populated areas, and it also holds spectrum for this
purpose in Belgium, Portugal and New Zealand.
Trials and development of several industry-specific use cases are also underway. In October 2018,
MNO Orange in Spain announced that it had selected seven cities for the testing of multiple 5G use
cases, including connected cars, industrial automation, and virtual classrooms. MNO Telia in
Finland is testing 5G technology in factory and vehicle automation, and remote-controlled machines.
Competitive gaming (eSports) is also emerging as an early use case; Telia Finland is developing a
5G eSports service, and conducted a live trial at a public eSports event during 201826. In South
Korea, the three MNOs launched 5G FWA services to business customers in December 2018, with
their first customers deliberately selected to showcase the applicability of 5G to various industry
verticals:
• SKT’s first customer was Myunghwa, an automotive-part company based in Banwol Industrial
Complex, Ansan, Gyeonggi Province. Myunghwa used SKT’s ‘5G-AI machine vision’ solution
to quality-check automotive parts from the production line.
• KT’s first user was an AI-equipped robot called Lota.
• LGU+ has said that it expects to “adapt its 5G service for use in the remote controlling of heavy
equipment and agricultural machines, drones, CCTV, smart factories and smart cities”.27 Its first
5G customer was tractor manufacturer LS Mtron.
3.2 Standardization progress and devices
As discussed in our previous report, 5G specifications are being defined by 3GPP. 3GPP unites
various regional industry-based telecom standard development organizations from around the world
samsung-to-undertake-first-5g-fixed-wireless-access-trial-in-the-uk/. In July 2017, Arqiva announced the acquisition

of a 2×112MHz license in the 28GHz band for Central and Greater London.
24 See https://www.arqiva.com/news/press-releases/arqiva-and-o2-to-improve-mobile-connectivity-in-london-boroughs/
25 ‘Neutral hosts’ are third party (non-MNO) players, which then sell capacity on a wholesale basis to MNOs, allowing
them to offload traffic from their macro networks in particular (congested) locations. For another example neutral-host
5G, see http://www.wirelessinfrastructure.co.uk/wig-raises-220m-to-accelerate-investment-into-new-neutral-host-
wireless-infrastructure/
26 See https://www.teliacompany.com/en/news/news-articles/2018/telia-puts-5g-to-the-test-at-public-esports-event/
27 See Annex B.10.3 for link to source.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
and, based on members’ contributions, produces the reports and specifications that define the 3GPP
family of mobile network technologies (which now includes GSM, UMTS, LTE, and 5G).28
The first phase of the evolution to 5G in 3GPP’s specifications was defined within the 3GPP Release
15 specifications (R15 in the diagram below). The first stage of the Release 15 specifications was
finalized29 by 3GPP in December 2017 and defined the 5G new radio (NR) ‘non-standalone’ (NSA)
configuration30 for enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB). The second stage of Release 15
specifications was finalized31 by 3GPP in June 2018 and defined a 5G NR standalone (SA)
configuration for 5G eMBB use. As well as defining the 5G-NR technology for the 5G air interface,
the Release 15 specifications also define the first phase of a virtualized core network for mobile
services. As such, the 3GPP specifications that are now in place allow for chipset makers and
equipment vendors to produce the network equipment and devices needed for the commercialization
of 5G mobile services.
A subsequent Release 16 of the 3GPP specifications (R16) will update the 5G specifications,
expanding on the service-based architecture for the 5G core network and broadening the supported
use cases beyond eMBB to cover the full range of envisaged 5G applications (including IoT and
ultra-reliable, low latency applications).32 The first stage of the Release 16 specifications is due to
be completed by March 2020.33
Figure 3.5 below shows key ITU and 3GPP milestones (completed and planned) regarding the
development of 5G.
28 See http://www.3gpp.org/about-3gpp
29 See http://www.3gpp.org/news-events/3gpp-news/1934-nr_verticals
30 Non-standalone NR refers to deployment whereby NR carriers will be deployed in conjunction with existing 4G/LTE
frequency carriers, with the network utilizing the 4G evolved packet core (EPC). Standalone NR refers to 5G frequency
carriers being deployed independently of 4G, and with a 5G core network.
31 See http://www.3gpp.org/news-events/3gpp-news/1965-rel-15_news
32 For details, see http://www.3gpp.org/release-16
33 The first stage of the Release 16 specifications was previously due to be completed by December 2019. However, in
December 2018, 3GPP announced a three-month delay to completion (‘freeze’) of the Release 15 ‘Late Drop’
specifications, causing a corresponding delay for Release 16. See http://www.3gpp.org/news-events/3gpp-
news/2005-ran_r16_schedule. See also http://www.3gpp.org/specifications/releases
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Figure 3.5: Milestones in definition of 5G technology, and specifications release [Source: ITU, 3GPP, 2019]
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

ITU WRC-15 ITU WRC-19
ITU-R
5G proposals/evaluation ITU-R
5G requirements
for IMT 2020 specifications
R13
R14
R15 – NSA R15 - SA
3GPP
First stage of R15 specifications
R16
completed, December 2017
R17
Second stage of R15 specifications
completed, June 2018
First delivery of R16 specifications
scheduled for March 2020
With the acceleration of the 3GPP standards process by roughly two years since the 5G standards
were originally envisioned to be completed, the industry is racing to develop and deploy network
equipment and to develop and equip smartphones with 5G technology. 5G radio access network
(RAN) equipment (compatible with several frequency bands) is now available from major vendors.
In the US, 5G launches include network equipment from Ericsson, Nokia, and Samsung. Globally,
the major network providers include Ericsson, Huawei, Nokia, Samsung, and ZTE. With 5G chipsets
(modems) becoming commercially available from vendors in 2018, the availability of 5G
smartphones should evolve rapidly in 2019 with multiple vendors expected to launch devices.
Figure 3.6 below outlines some of the 5G modems which are available from the major vendors and
Figure 3.7 summarizes expected availability of 5G smartphones.
Figure 3.6: 5G modems of major vendors [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]
Vendor Status 5G chipset details

Qualcomm Commercially In October 2016, Qualcomm became the first vendor to announce34
available plans for a 5G chipset with its Snapdragon X50 5G modem. The
Snapdragon35 X50 supports speeds of up to 5Gbps and is compatible
with a range of 5G NR bands (both sub-6GHz and mm-wave). The X50
can be paired with (up to four) QTM052 mm-wave antenna modules
(see below), to support features such as beam-forming/steering. When
paired with a Snapdragon processor with an integrated gigabit class
LTE modem, the complete Snapdragon X50 5G platform can provide
multi-mode 4G/5G capability via dual connectivity (DC).
34 See https://www.qualcomm.com/news/onq/2016/10/17/meet-snapdragon-x50-qualcomms-first-5g-modem
35 See https://www.qualcomm.com/products/snapdragon-x50-5g-modem
Ref: 2015448-103 .

We understand36 that the X50 supports up to 800MHz of mm-wave
bandwidth in the n257 (26.5–29.5GHz), n261 (27.5–28.35GHz) and
n260 (37–40GHz) bands, and up to 100MHz in sub-6GHz bands.37
The QTM052 mm-wave antenna module family and the Qualcomm
QPM56xx sub-6GHz RF module family combine with the Snapdragon
X50 5G modem to deliver modem-to-antenna capabilities across
several spectrum bands.
Most recently, on December 5, 2018, Qualcomm launched38 its
Snapdragon 855 5G platform.39 The Snapdragon 855 chipset can be
used in conjunction with the X50 modem to provide 5G functionality. In
January 2019, Qualcomm announced40 that over 30 devices (the
majority of which are smartphones) would use the Snapdragon 855
platform and X50 modem which are scheduled to launch from early
2019.
Samsung Commercially In August 2018, Samsung launched41 its own 5G modem, Exynos
available 5100. Exynos 510042 supports speeds of up to 6Gbps, and (like
Qualcomm’s Snapdragon X50) is compatible with a range of 5G NR
bands (both sub-6GHz and mm-wave). Unlike the Snapdragon X50,
Exynos 5100 is a multi-mode modem (meaning that it will support 5G
NR in both NSA and SA modes, as well as 4G, 3G, and 2G legacy
radios in a single chipset).
Intel Pre- In November 2017, Intel announced43 the XMM 8000 series of 5G
commercial modems, the first of which is the XMM 8060. Like Samsung’s Exynos
5100, the XMM 8060 is a multi-mode modem (supporting NSA/SA 5G
NR as well as 2G/3G/4G in a single chipset). Intel stated that it expects
to ship in commercial customer devices in mid-2019.
In November 2018, Intel announced44 the XMM 8160 5G modem,
supporting speeds of up to 6Gbps. Intel stated that it expects to ship in
H2 2019, with availability in commercial devices from H1 2020.
It has been reported45 that a subsequent model, the XMM 8161 (yet to
be released), will be used in Apple iPhones from 2020.
36 See https://www.anandtech.com/show/13106/qualcomm-announces-their-first-5g-mmwave-antenna-module-
qtm052-coming-this-year
37 We note reports that the first X50 modems will not support sub-6GHz bands. See for example:
https://uk.pcmag.com/news/118720/qualcomm-expect-t-mobiles-600mhz-5g-network-later-in-2019
38 See https://www.qualcomm.com/news/onq/2018/12/05/snapdragon-855-premier-mobile-platform-new-decade-5g-ai-
and-xr
39 See https://www.qualcomm.com/products/snapdragon-855-mobile-platform
40 In January 2018, Qualcomm announced that See https://www.qualcomm.com/news/releases/2019/01/07/qualcomm-
chipsets-and-rf-front-end-power-more-30-commercial-5g-mobile
41 See https://www.samsung.com/semiconductor/minisite/exynos/newsroom/pressrelease/samsung-announces-
exynos-modem-5100-industrys-first-5g-multi-mode-modem-fully-compliant-with-3gpp-standards/
42 See https://www.samsung.com/semiconductor/minisite/exynos/products/modemrf/exynos-modem-5100/
43 See https://newsroom.intel.com/news/intel-introduces-portfolio-new-commercial-5g-new-radio-modem-
family/#gs.uzZorCjE
44 See https://newsroom.intel.com/news/intel-accelerates-timing-intel-xmm-8160-5g-multimode-modem-support-broad-
global-5g-rollouts/#gs.ORcJfrsq
45 See https://www.fastcompany.com/90261969/source-apples-first-5g-iphone-will-arrive-in-2020
Ref: 2015448-103 .

Huawei Commercially In February 2018, Huawei unveiled46 its first 5G chipset (the Balong
available 5G0) at the 2018 Mobile World Congress. We understand that Huawei’s
Balong 5G01 supports download speeds of 2.3Gbps.
At an analyst event in April 2018, Huawei announced47 plans to
commercially release a 5G smartphone in H2 2019. This will use the
Kirin 980 chipset, according to reports. We understand that the Balong
5G01 is likely to be too large to be used in early 5G smartphones, and
that it is mainly designed for mobile hotspots and connected cars.48
However, the Balong 5G01 is expected to be used in future smartphone
models.
We understand49 that Huawei has decided against licensing its modem
to rival phone makers.
In August 2018, Lenovo (Motorola) was the first major manufacturer to announce50 a 5G-capable
smartphone – the Moto Z3.51 The 5G Moto Mod is a separate 5G modem module which is
magnetically attached to the Moto Z3 smartphone in order to provide 5G-capability. The 5G Moto
Mod is expected to be commercially available in “early 2019” and will be for use exclusively with
Verizon’s 5G network in the US. Indeed, many of the first 5G smartphones have been developed by
vendors in partnership with MNOs under certain exclusivity arrangements. Other US examples
include smartphones being developed by Sprint and LG52 and AT&T and Samsung.53
Several vendors launched 5G smartphones at Mobile World Congress (MWC), which was held at
the end of February 2019: Huawei launched the Mate X, LG launched the V50 THINQ and Xiaomi
the Mi Mix 3. A number of other vendors, including OnePlus and Oppo, showcased prototype
devices. Samsung launched its Galaxy S10 5G model just before MWC, indicating an expected
release date later in H1 2019.
In summary, the commercial availability of 5G consumer devices is expected to ramp up through

2019 and beyond. Most of the major device vendors have either announced or indicated plans for
5G devices. Figure 3.7 below outlines a selection of the 5G smartphones expected to be released by
the major device manufacturers and their expected release date.
46 See https://www.samsung.com/semiconductor/minisite/exynos/newsroom/pressrelease/samsung-anno
47 See https://5g.co.uk/news/huawei-5g-enabled-smartphone/4348/
48 See https://5g.co.uk/news/huawei-5g-phone-foldable-screen/4508/
49 See https://www.netscribes.com/5g-modem-chipset-manufacturers-smartphones/
50 See https://www.neowin.net/news/motorola-announces-the-first-phone-that039s-upgradeable-to-5g-the-moto-z3
51 See https://www.motorola.com/us/products/moto-mods/moto-5g
52 See https://newsroom.sprint.com/sprint-and-lg-working-together-to-bring-first-5g-smartphone-to-us-in-first-half-
2019.htm
53 See https://about.att.com/story/2018/5gdevice.html
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Figure 3.7: Expected release date of 5G smartphones (selected manufacturers) [Source: Manufacturer
announcements and news reports54]
Status Manufacturer Model Expected

commercial
availability
Lenovo (Motorola) Moto Z3 with 5G Moto Early 2019
Mod
Product has been Samsung Galaxy S10 5G H1 2019

officially launched Huawei Mate X June 2019
LG V50 THINQ April 2019
Xiaomi Mi Mix 3 May 2019
ZTE AXON 10 PRO 5G H1 2019
Alcatel Alcatel 7 (5G) 2019/2020
Huawei To be confirmed Mid-2019
(P30 or Mate 30)
OnePlus To be confirmed Early to mid-2019
Product not yet (OnePlus7 or
officially launched OnePlus7T)
Oppo To be confirmed 2019
Honor To be confirmed 2019
Sony Xperia 2 2019
Vivo To be confirmed 2019
Apple To be confirmed 2020
54 See https://www.t3.com/news/best-5g-phones and https://www.theverge.com/2019/2/27/18242957/5g-phones-

announced-release-date-specs-price-samsung-zte-huawei-sony-oneplus-oppo-alcatel-mwc-2019
Ref: 2015448-103 .
4 Spectrum releases for 5G
This section describes the latest status of 5G spectrum releases in different markets. We have
assessed several aspects of 5G spectrum releases within the metrics defined for this study, to
consider total 5G spectrum release, as well as amounts/timelines of spectrum release within the low,
mid and high bands that are being standardized within 3GPP specifications for 5G.
We begin this section with an overview of mobile spectrum currently assigned in the different
markets under study. We then provide a summary of the 5G spectrum to be released in different
markets, across the low-, mid- and high-band ranges. A final section provides a discussion of
spectrum pricing in recent 5G auctions.
4.1 Overview of mobile spectrum currently assigned in benchmark countries
The spectrum deployed in different countries today is typically in bands that have been identified
internationally and harmonized regionally for mobile use. This means that network deployment
benefits from economies of scale for equipment functioning in these harmonized bands, and there is
wide availability of smartphones and other mobile devices. These existing bands are mostly now
being deployed for 4G (with the majority of subscribers in many markets now using 4G rather than
2G/3G). Although there will be a progressive shift in the marketplace from 4G to 5G use, as
networks evolve, operators will need to keep 4G networks running in existing spectrum for some
time and are hence likely to deploy 5G initially in new spectrum bands, and will progressively re-
purpose existing mobile bands for 5G use as the demand for new services evolves.
To date, the frequency bands used by mobile networks have historically been concentrated in bands
from around 600MHz to 2.6GHz. Many initial 5G deployments will use spectrum around 3.5GHz
and 5G services will additionally use higher bands, in the mm-wave range. Lower bands such as
600MHz and 700MHz are also likely to be used for 5G, enabling wider geographical coverage,
subject to each operator’s strategy. These lower bands could be useful for some 5G services
requiring wide geographical coverage (massive machine-type connections, for example), but do not
offer the large amount of bandwidth that will be available in the mid and high bands.
Use of larger bandwidths will be a key differentiator in the 5G era, given that one of the major
changes in the 5G radio specifications compared to 4G lies in the use of larger contiguous
bandwidths – 3GPP defines 100MHz bandwidths in 5G mid-band spectrum, and up to 400MHz in
higher bands, as being optimal. Since sub-1GHz bands typically offer less than 100MHz bandwidth
in total (and this is typically sub-divided amongst several operators), availability of mid-band
spectrum and high-band spectrum is needed for 5G operators to achieve these larger bandwidths.
The following sub-sections describe the current amounts of total mobile spectrum licensed for use
in the countries that we have studied for this report. Total mobile spectrum includes the spectrum
currently licensed in each market for all generations of mobile technology in the market place (i.e.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
2G/3G/4G plus 5G, in countries where 5G bands have already been licensed). Planned spectrum
awards for 5G (i.e. bands that will be made available in 2019 and beyond in different countries, for
5G) are considered in the next section.
We consider low-band (<3GHz), mid-band (3–24GHz), and high-band (>24GHz) spectrum in

successive sub-sections.
Low-band spectrum
Figure 4.1 below shows a summary of the current amount of low-band spectrum licensed55 for
mobile use in our benchmark countries. This includes spectrum that has been licensed for use in
different markets in the following bands:
• Sub-1GHz: 450MHz (Sweden only), 600MHz (US only), 700MHz (US, Canada, some
European countries, Australia, and Japan), 800/850MHz (all countries), and 900MHz (all
countries excluding Canada and the US).
• Between 1 and 2GHz: 1400MHz (some European countries and Japan), 1700MHz56 (US and
Canada), 1800MHz (Europe, Asia–Pacific, and Qatar), and 1900MHz57 (US, Canada, China,
and Japan).
• Above 2GHz: 2100MHz (Europe, Asia–Pacific and Qatar), 2300MHz (US, Canada, the UK,
and Asia–Pacific, excluding Japan), and 2600MHz58 (all countries).
As can be seen, excluding Qatar, the majority of countries studied currently have comparable
amounts of existing low-band mobile spectrum, with South Korea having the least spectrum of those
countries overall (477MHz) and the US the most (716MHz).
55 Spectrum licensed for mobile in 3GPP bands 33 (1900–1920MHz TDD) and 34 (2010–2025MHz TDD) is generally
excluded, since it is generally not used.
56 I.e. AWS spectrum in the 1710–1780/2110–2180MHz and 2000–2020/2180–2200MHz ranges.
57 This includes broadband PCS spectrum licensed in Canada and the US in the 1850–1915/1930–1995MHz range.
58 This includes BRS/EBS spectrum in Canada and the US
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Figure 4.1: Currently awarded low-band mobile spectrum59,60 in benchmark countries [Source: Analysys
Mason, 2019]
800
716
690 689
700 648 640 647
630
582 598 583 601 580
600
477
500
MHz
400
304
300
200
100
Sub-1GHz 1–3GHz
Further details of currently awarded spectrum are provided in the tables below.
Figure 4.2: Currently awarded mobile (uplink plus downlink MHz) spectrum (by band), benchmark countries in
ITU regions 1 and 3 [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]
800/
Country 450 700 900 1400 1800 1900* 2100 2300 2600 Tot.
850
Australia - 90 40 50 - 150 - 120 100 140 690
China - - 20 52 - 140 50 90 70 160 582
France - 60 60 70 - 150 - 118 - 140 598
Germany - 60 60 70 40 150 - 119 - 190 689
Hong Kong - - 25 60 - 150 - 118 90 140 583
Italy - 60 60 70 40 140 - 120 - 150 640
Japan - 60 60 30 70 150 31 120 - 80 601
Qatar - - 40 44 - 80 - 60 - 80 304
S. Korea - - 60 20 - 120 - 120 57 100 477
Spain - - 60 70 - 150 - 120 - 180 580
Sweden 10 40 60 70 - 140 - 120 - 190 630
59 Sub-1GHz bands include the 450, 600, 700, 800 and 900MHz bands (ITU regions 1 and 3), and the 600MHz, 700MHz,
800MHz SMR and Cellular bands in ITU region 2 (US and Canada). 1–3GHz bands include the 1400, 1800, 1900,
2100, 2300 and 2600MHz bands (ITU regions 1 and 3), and the PCS, H-block, AWS-1/2/3/4, WCS (2.3GHz) and
EBS/BRS (2.6GHz) bands in ITU region 2 (US and Canada). It should be noted that where spectrum has been licensed
to operators, it may not necessarily have been deployed, or be in current use for providing mobile services.
60 In the US and Canada (and for some bands in Australia), spectrum is auctioned and assigned on a regional basis.
Values shown for the US represent national weighted average holdings summed across all licensed operators
(including currently non-mobile players such as satellite broadcaster DISH; see Annex B for details).
Ref: 2015448-103 .
800/
Country 450 700 900 1400 1800 1900* 2100 2300 2600 Tot.
850
UK - - 60 70 40 143 - 119 40 175 647
* Spectrum assigned in 3GPP bands 33 (1900–1920MHz) and 34 (2010–2025MHz) is excluded where it is not used
Figure 4.3: Currently awarded mobile (uplink plus downlink MHz) spectrum (by band), benchmark countries in
ITU region 2 [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]
H- AWS AWS AWS BRS/

Country 600 700 Cell. SMR PCS WCS Tot.
block -1 -3 -4 EBS
Canada - 68 50 - 130 - 90 50 40 30 190 648
US 70 70 50 14 130 10 90 65 40 20 157 716
Mid-band spectrum
Figure 4.4 below shows a summary of the current amount of mid-band spectrum licensed for mobile
use in our benchmark countries. As can be seen, whilst many countries have now awarded over
100MHz of (exclusive nationwide) spectrum to mobile, several countries (China, Italy, and Spain)
have awarded 300MHz or more. This higher availability of mid-band spectrum is especially suited
to 5G, since equipment vendors have identified 100MHz or more per 5G network as being optimal
in this range to deliver the best performing 5G services in terms of throughput and latency.
Figure 4.4: Currently awarded mid-band mobile spectrum (MHz) in benchmark countries [Source: Analysys
Mason, 2019]
400
360
350 326
300
300 280 270
250 225
200 200
MHz
200
150
100 80
50
Although we have defined the mid band to be the 3–24GHz range, mobile assignments in this range
are currently concentrated (in accordance with 3GPP specifications) around 3.5GHz. A breakdown
Ref: 2015448-103 .
of currently awarded licensed mid-band spectrum into the 3.4–3.6GHz, 3.6-3.8GHz and >3.8GHz
bands is shown in Figure 4.5 below.
Figure 4.5: Currently awarded mid-band mobile61 spectrum (MHz) in benchmark countries [Source: Analysys
Mason, 2019]
Country 3.4–3.6GHz 3.6–3.8GHz Above 3.8GHz Total

Australia 100* 125 - 225
Canada - - - -
China 200** - 100** 300
France - - - -
Germany - - - -
Hong Kong - - - -
Italy 126 200 - 326
Japan 200 - - 200
Qatar 200 - - 200
S. Korea 180 100 - 280
Spain 160 200 - 360
Sweden - 80* - 80
UK 190 80 - 270
US - - - -
* Further spectrum has also been licensed in certain regions (see Annex A for details)
** Test licenses
Further details of these assignments are provided below.
Figure 4.6: Currently awarded mid-band mobile spectrum (MHz) in benchmark countries - details [Source:
Country Details
Australia • 3425–3492.5MHz and 3542.5–3575MHz ranges (a total of 100MHz) have been
licensed in specific locations of Australia; the licenses are technology neutral and
suitable for (5G) mobile use
• In December 2018, Australia completed a regional auction of the 3575–3700MHz
range, for mobile use
Canada • No mid-band spectrum suitable for mobile use is currently assigned62
China • In December 2018, nationwide test licenses were issued in the 3.4–3.6GHz and 4.8–
4.9GHz ranges
France • No mid-band spectrum suitable for mobile use is currently assigned63
61 Spectrum assigned explicitly for FWA is excluded. However, spectrum intended/used for FWA but licensed under
service neutral terms is included.
62 Regional FWA licenses are assigned in the 3475–3625MHz range.
63 Regional FWA licenses are assigned (and currently available) in the 3410–3460MHz range.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Country Details
Germany • No mid-band spectrum suitable for mobile use is currently assigned64
Hong Kong • No mid-band spectrum suitable for mobile use is currently assigned
• In October 2018, Italy auctioned 200MHz of spectrum in the 3.6–3.8GHz range on a
Italy national basis for 5G use, raising a total of ~USD5.02 billion from the award of four
licenses (two licenses of 80MHz bandwidth and two licenses of 20MHz bandwidth)
• The 3.4–3.6GHz band is currently assigned to MNOs on a national basis; these
Japan
licenses are suitable for mobile use
Qatar • 100MHz has been assigned to each of the two MNOs in the 3.4–3.6GHz range
• In June 2018, South Korea auctioned 280MHz of spectrum in the 3420–3700MHz
S. Korea range on a national basis for 5G use, raising a total of ~USD2.89 billion from the sale
of three licenses
• In June and July 2018, MNO Mas Movil privately acquired two 2×20MHz national
licenses in the 3.4–3.6GHz band; two of Spain’s other MNOs (Orange and Telefonica)
Spain
already own 2×20MHz national licenses in this band
• Later in July 2018, Spain auctioned 200MHz of spectrum in the 3.6–3.8GHz range
• 80MHz of spectrum (3600–3640/3700–3740MHz) has been assigned to MNOs on a
national basis; the licenses are technology and service neutral, and expire in
Sweden December 2022
• Various regional licenses have also been assigned in the remainder of the 3.6–3.8GHz
band65
• UK MNO Three already holds national licenses in the 3480–3500MHz, 3580–
3600MHz, and 3600–3680MHz ranges (suitable for mobile use66)
UK • In April 2018, the UK auctioned 150MHz of spectrum from the 3.4–3.6GHz band, which
was awarded to the UK’s four MNOs in four licenses ranging in size from 20MHz up to
50MHz, raising a total of ~USD1.50 billion
US • No mid-band spectrum suitable for mobile use is currently assigned
High-band spectrum
Figure 4.7 below shows a summary of the current amount of high-band spectrum licensed for mobile
use in the benchmark countries. Although worldwide discussions on identification of mm-wave
spectrum for 5G are taking place as part of the 2019 WRC, the inclusion of selected bandwidths
from 24.25–29.5GHz in 3GPP Release 15 specifications has influenced regulators to award
spectrum for mobile use in these bands over the past year or so.
64 Each of the three MNOs in Germany currently owns 2×21MHz of spectrum in the 3410–3473/3510–3573MHz range
on a nationwide basis. Licenses are technology neutral but limited to FWA use (i.e. not suitable for mobile) and expire
in December 2021. Various regional FWA licenses have also been assigned in the 3473–3494MHz and 3573–
3594MHz ranges, expiring between 2020 and 2022.
65 Regional FWA licenses are assigned in the 3410–3438MHz and 3510–3538MHz ranges; licenses expire in
March 2023.
66 Three also holds a spectrum license in the 3925–4009MHz range, but this is not suitable for mobile use.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Figure 4.7: Currently* awarded high-band mobile spectrum67 (MHz) in benchmark countries [Source:
3,000
2,500
2,500 2,400
2,000
MHz
1,500
1,000
1,000
500
*The 2500MHz of spectrum currently assigned in the US includes 700MHz in the 24GHz band, which is currently being
auctioned (see below for details).
As can be seen, only three countries have currently assigned mm-wave spectrum for 5G. These are
Italy (26.5–27.5GHz), South Korea (26.5–28.9GHz), and the US (24.25–24.45GHz, 24.75–
25.25GHz, 27.5–28.35GHz, and parts of the 38.6–40.0GHz band in certain areas):
• Italy completed an auction of the 26.5–27.5GHz band in October 2018. Each of Italy’s four
MNOs, as well as broadband provider Fastweb, won a 200MHz license; each paid close to the
reserve price of ~USD37.1 million.
• South Korea completed an auction of the 26.5–28.9GHz band in June 2018. Each of South
Korea’s three MNOs won 800MHz, paying the reserve price of ~USD186 million each.
• In the US, around 68% of the 39GHz (38.6–40.0GHz) band (on a MHz-pop basis) is currently
assigned (approximately 950MHz). The majority of the licenses (which are suitable for mobile
use) are held by Verizon and AT&T, with T-Mobile also holding licenses in some markets.
These licenses were acquired through private acquisitions.
As of end-2018, around 76% of the 28GHz (27.5–28.35GHz) band (on a MHz-pop basis) was
assigned. The majority of the licenses (which are suitable for mobile use) are held by Verizon,
with T-Mobile also holding licenses in some markets. These licenses were acquired through
private acquisitions. The remaining 24% of the 28GHz was auctioned in early 2019.
67 This excludes unlicensed spectrum, although it is noted that 5G-NR will potentially be useable in unlicensed spectrum
in due course.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Around 1.8GHz of spectrum68 has therefore already been assigned (on a MHz-pop basis) across
the 28GHz and 39GHz bands. A further 700MHz is currently being auctioned in the 24GHz
band (giving a total of 2.5GHz).
4.2 5G spectrum to be released in benchmark countries
Having considered the spectrum which has already been released for mobile in each of the
benchmark countries (Section 4.1), we now consider further spectrum which is planned for release
in the future. Low-, mid-, and high-band spectrum is covered in turn in the following sub-sections.
Low-band spectrum
Low-band (sub-3GHz) spectrum confirmed (or considered) for future allocation to mobile in each
of the benchmark countries is shown in Figure 4.8 below.
Figure 4.8: Upcoming mobile spectrum allocations in the low band [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]
Country Details
• Australia has scheduled a decision to be made on the reconfiguration of the 803-
960MHz band in Q3/4 2019. An additional 2×15MHz is expected to be made available
Australia
for mobile broadband; an auction is scheduled for 2020
• Allocation of the L-band (1427–1518MHz) is scheduled for 2021
• An auction of 2×35MHz in the 617–652/663–698MHz range is scheduled for March
2019
Canada
• ISED will initiate a review of the 1500/1600MHz Ancillary Terrestrial Component (ATC)
bands in late 2019
• A total of 687MHz of low-band IMT spectrum has currently been planned for mobile in
China, of which 582MHz has already been awarded
• The spectrum yet to be assigned consists of a further 10MHz in the 1800MHz band,
China
5MHz in the 1900MHz band, 30MHz in the 2100MHz band, 30MHz in the 2.3GHz band,
and 30MHz in the 2.6GHz band. We are not aware of an official timeline for the release
of this spectrum
• ARCEP has consulted assigning the 738–753MHz (unpaired) range; ARCEP has no
plans to assign this spectrum before June 2019 (when the band is released by PMSE)
• ARCEP has indicated that it may assign L-band spectrum at the same time as the 3.4–
France
3.8GHz and 26GHz bands
• ARCEP has stated that “work is well underway to… allow the introduction of the LTE in
the 400MHz band”
• The 738–753MHz (unpaired) range may be considered for auction by BNetzA at a later
Germany
date
• CA intends to assign the vacated ‘digital dividend’ spectrum in the 700MHz (698–
806MHz) band to mobile services as soon as possible after the analog switch-off (to be
Hong
completed by 2020)
Kong
• The 2010–2020MHz range went unsold at an auction in 2011; CA has said that it will
“review demand for this band”
68 We have calculated this as 850MHz in the 28GHz bands, plus 68% of the 39GHz band (approximately 950MHz). See
Annex B.14.1 for further details.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Country Details
• The 733–748MHz (unpaired) range went unsold in the October 2018 multiband auction;
Italy it may be made available at a future date, although we are not aware of any official
plans for a further auction
• MIC has stated that it will promote frequency sharing/allocation in the 2300–2330/2370–
Japan 2400MHz ranges, and consider frequency sharing with mobile satellite in the 2500–
2545/2645–2690MHz ranges
• Qatar plans to assign 2×30MHz of spectrum (703–733/758–788MHz) in the 700MHz
Qatar
band for 5G
• We are not aware of any official upcoming assignment plans. However, we note that
S. Korea
2×20MHz of spectrum in the 700MHz band remained unsold at an auction in May 2016
• Spain expects to auction spectrum in the 700MHz band in early 2020
• Spain has also identified the L-band as a potential band for 5G use. The regulator has
stated that “actions will be taken” to assign the 1452–1492MHz portion of the band
Spain
(which is currently available), and that “actions should be taken” to free up the
remainder of the band (which is currently in use); no timeframes have been specified
• Demand for shared use of the 2.3–2.4GHz band for 5G “will be examined”
• The 738–758MHz (unpaired) spectrum was offered to the market but not taken up in the
December 2018 auction. PTS has said that it will “analyze the possible future use of the
unsold SDL69 licenses”
Sweden • An award of spectrum in the 1400MHz band (1427–1518MHz) is planned for “2019 or
later”
• PTS are planning to award the 2300–2380MHz range to mobile (alongside the 3.4-
3.7GHz range) in late 2019 or early 2020.
• The UK plans to auction the 703–733/758–788MHz (paired) and 738–758MHz
(unpaired) ranges by Spring 2020. Spectrum should be available for use by May/June
UK 2020
• Ofcom is currently consulting on introducing spectrum-sharing arrangements in the
1781.7–1785/1876.7–1880MHz and 2390–2400MHz bands.
• The Spectrum Pipeline Act requires 30MHz of federal spectrum below 3GHz to be
identified for allocation to commercial mobile services by 2022; the 1300–1350MHz and
1780-1830MHz bands are being evaluated for this purpose
US • The US is considering updating the framework for licensing Educational Broadband
Service (EBS) spectrum in the 2.6GHz band. The FCC is proposing to “modernize and
rationalize the EBS spectrum in the 2.6GHz band to allow more flexible use [including
for 5G]”.
As highlighted in the table above, the most common sub-3GHz band scheduled for assignment to
mobile is the 700MHz band, though this band (or the paired portion of it) has already been awarded
in a number of cases. Other sub-3GHz bands scheduled (or considered) for assignment to mobile
are the L-band, 2300MHz band, and 2600MHz band, where these have not already been assigned.
Current and future sub-3GHz mobile spectrum holdings are summarized in Figure 4.9 below. Future
spectrum holdings (as discussed in Figure 4.8 above) have been further divided into spectrum which
is expected to be released by 2020, and spectrum which is expected to be released after this date (or
has been discussed for release but no timeframe for assignment has been announced). Current
spectrum holdings are shown in Figure 4.1 (see Section 4.1).
69 SDL = Supplementary Downlink i.e. spectrum specified by 3GPP to be used for mobile downlink transmissions.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Figure 4.9: Current and future low-band spectrum holdings [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]
900
800
700
600
500
MHz
400
300
200
100
Current holdings Expected/potential release by 2020 Other spectrum discussed for release
As can be seen, by 2020 a number of countries are expected to have awarded over 600MHz (in some
cases over 700MHz) of low-band spectrum.
Mid-band spectrum
Mid-band spectrum confirmed (or considered) for future allocation to mobile in each of our
benchmark countries is shown in Figure 4.10 below.
Figure 4.10: Upcoming mobile spectrum allocations in the mid band [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]
Country Details
Australia • Australia plans to release discussion papers in 2019 on reconfiguration options in the
3400–3575MHz band and long-term arrangements in the 3.7–4.2GHz band
Canada • In June 2018, Canada published ‘Spectrum Outlook 2018-2022’ as well as a specific
consultation on the 3450–3650MHz band, with an auction for that band planned for late
2020
• The regulator is also seeking preliminary comments on the use of the 3400–3450MHz
and 3650–4200MHz bands for 5G
China • The June 2017, MIIT confirmed that 500MHz of spectrum (within 3.3–3.6GHz and 4.8–
5.0GHz) would be released in China, with the 3.3–3.4GHz range available for indoor use
• As noted in Section 4.1, MNOs were issued with nationwide test licenses in the 3.4–
3.6GHz and 4.8–4.9GHz ranges in December 2018; we are not aware of further details
regarding the approach and timing of the release of the 3.3–3.4GHz and 4.9–5.0GHz
bands
• Reports also indicate that China is likely to assign the 3.6–4.2GHz range to 5G use in
the future, subject to co-ordination with existing satellite use
France • 40MHz of spectrum in the 3420–3460MHz range is reserved for FWA use in currently
underserved areas until 2026; there are also various other users in the lower part of the
3.4–3.8GHz band
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Country Details
• An auction of spectrum in the 3.4–3.8GHz band for mobile use is planned, with the exact
approach to be confirmed. ARCEP has indicated it expects 300MHz of contiguous
spectrum to be available for 5G by 2020
• In October 2018, ARCEP published a consultation scheduling the assignment of 3.4–
3.8GHz spectrum for late-2019. Subsequent reports have suggested that the auction is
expected in early-2020
Germany • Germany plans to award the entire 3.4–3.8GHz band for mobile use in early 2019. The
3.4–3.7GHz range (for nationwide use) will be auctioned; 3.7–3.8GHz will be for
regional/local use
• Hong Kong plans to auction three bands in July/August 2019 on a national basis: for 5G
Hong
use 3.3–3.4GHz (for indoor use only), 3.4–3.6GHz and 4.84–4.92GHz. The regulator
Kong
has said that spectrum will become available for use from end-2019/2020
Italy • We are not aware of any plans for further release of mid-band spectrum
• In December 2018, the regulator stated plans to release six 100MHz blocks of spectrum
Japan (3.6–4.1GHz and 4.5–4.6GHz) by March 2019; the 4.6–4.8GHz range will be further
considered for private 5G use
• A document released by CRA in February 2018 indicates that the 3.6–3.8GHz range will
Qatar
be assigned for 5G use in the future
S. Korea • We are not aware of any plans for further release of mid-band spectrum
Spain • We are not aware of any plans for further release of mid-band spectrum
• 80MHz of spectrum (3600–3640/3700–3740MHz) has been assigned to MNOs on a
national basis; the licenses are technology and service neutral, and expire in December
2022. Various regional licenses have also been assigned in the remainder of the 3.6–
Sweden 3.8GHz band
• Sweden plans to award the entire 3.4–3.8GHz band for mobile use. The 3.4–3.7GHz
range (for nationwide use) is scheduled for auction in late 2019 or early 2020; the 3.7–
3.8GHz range (for regional/local use) is scheduled to be assigned from 2023
• The UK anticipates awarding 120MHz of spectrum in the 3680–3800MHz band by
Spring 2020; the spectrum is expected to be available in most parts of the UK by mid-
2020
UK
• The regulator is currently consulting on introducing a sharing regime in the 3.8–4.2GHz
range (licenses would be for a specific geographical area and co-ordinated by the
regulator)
• The US is making 150MHz in the 3550–3700MHz (CBRS) band available, with 70MHz
to be auctioned (potentially in 2019) and the 150MHz to be available on a shared basis
(by mid-2019)
• The FCC is exploring the 3.7–4.2GHz band, adopting an NPRM in July 2018, a move
US
that could open up large additional blocks of mid-band spectrum
• The US is also studying the 3.45–3.55GHz band (but there is no specific timing on the
study or the availability of spectrum) and is considering options for use of the 5.925–
7.125GHz range
A summary of the total amount of mid-band spectrum which has been confirmed for assignment to
5G by end-2019 and by end-2020 is shown in Figure 4.11 below. As can be seen, the US is expected
to rank bottom by end-2020 (with all other benchmark countries in this report expected to have
assigned 200MHz or more by that date). However, we note that the FCC is exploring possible mobile
use of the 3.7–4.2GHz band, adopting an NPRM in July 2018, and is also considering allocations in
the 3.45–3.55GHz and 5.925-7.125GHz ranges, steps that could create large additional blocks of
mid-band spectrum, which would significantly improve the US situation compared to other markets.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Figure 4.11: Total amount of mid-band spectrum by end-2019 and end-2020 [Source: Analysys Mason,
201970]
900
800
700
600
500
MHz
400
300
200
100
Scheduled for assignment to mobile by end-2020 Scheduled for assignment to mobile by end-2019
Currently assigned for mobile use
It should be emphasized that several other countries, not included in our benchmark list, have also
assigned 5G mid-band spectrum (e.g. Austria, 71 Ireland,72 Finland,73 Oman,74 Switzerland,75 and the
UAE76) or are committed to doing so later in 2019 (e.g. the Czech Republic77).
The charts below map the expected evolution of mid-band spectrum assignment in each of our
benchmark countries from the current situation (Figure 4.12) to the situation expected by end-2019
(Figure 4.13) and by end-2020 (Figure 4.14).
70 Mid-band spectrum is shared among services (terrestrial and satellite), and hence the spectrum available to 5G in
different markets will depend on protection requirements to satellite services.
71 In March 2019, RTR completed a regional auction of spectrum in the 3410–3800MHz range. Each of Austria’s three
MNOs won 100MHz or more in every region. See https://www.rtr.at/en/tk/5G-Auction-Outcome
72 Ireland conducted a regional auction of 350MHz in the 3410–3435MHz and 3475–3800MHz ranges in May 2017. In
each of nine regions, there was one 25MHz ‘A’ lot available (3410–3435MHz) and sixty-five 5MHz ‘B’ lots available
(3475–3800MHz). Five different operators won spectrum. See https://www.comreg.ie/industry/radio-
spectrum/spectrum-awards/3-6ghz-band-spectrum-award/
73 In October 2018, Finland completed an auction of 390MHz in the 3.41–3.80GHz range. Finland’s three MNOs each
won 130MHz. See
https://www.viestintavirasto.fi/en/ficora/news/2018/finland8217spathtobecomingaleading5gcountryspectrumauctionc
oncluded.html
74 In December 2018, TRA announced that it had assigned spectrum in the 3.4–3.6GHz range to MNOs Omantel and
Ooredoo. See https://timesofoman.com/article/670109
75 In February 2019, BAKOM completed an auction of spectrum in the 3.5-3.8GHz range. Each of Switzerland’s three
MNOs won spectrum. See https://www.bakom.admin.ch/bakom/en/homepage/frequencies-and-antennas/award-of-
mobile-telephony-frequencies/starting-signal-for-new-award-of-mobile-radio-frequencies.html
76 In November 2018, TRA announced that it had assigned spectrum in the 3.3–3.8GHz band to MNOs Etisalat and
Du. See https://www.thenational.ae/business/technology/tra-assigns-5g-frequencies-to-etisalat-and-du-1.792795
77 See https://uk.reuters.com/article/czech-telecoms/czech-telecoms-regulator-to-launch-5g-auction-bidding-in-
november-idUKL5N20M5ES
Ref: 2015448-103 .
The first of these charts (i.e. current assignments of mid-band spectrum in each of the benchmark
countries) is shown in Figure 4.12 below.
Figure 4.12: Mid-band spectrum for mobile use in benchmark countries (currently) [Source: Analysys Mason,
2019]
The expected change in mid-band spectrum ranges for each of the benchmark countries by end-2019
is shown in Figure 4.13 below.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Figure 4.13: Mid-band spectrum for mobile use in benchmark countries (by end-2019) [Source: Analysys
Mason, 2019]
By end-2020, the expected mid-band spectrum ranges for each of our benchmark countries are
shown in Figure 4.14 below.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Figure 4.14: Mid-band spectrum for mobile use in benchmark countries (by end-2020) [Source: Analysys
Mason, 2019]
As can be seen, whilst a large number of countries have already assigned mid-band spectrum for
5G, there are several further significant awards expected through 2019 and 2020.
High-band spectrum
High-band spectrum confirmed (or considered) for future authorization for mobile use in each of the
benchmark countries is shown in Figure 4.15 below.
Figure 4.15: Upcoming mobile spectrum allocations/awards in the high band [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]
Country Details
• Australia ran a consultation on the future use of the 26GHz (24.25–27.5GHz) band at
the end of 2018. A reallocation decision on the band is scheduled for Q2 2019, with an
Australia
auction scheduled for Q3/4 2020
• ACMA is also considering the future use of the 28GHz (27.5–29.5GHz) band
• ISED aim to release the 26GHz (26.5–27.5GHz) band for 5G by 2020. The 24.25–
26.5GHz band has also been discussed, but this is lower priority
• ISED expects to release the 28GHz (27.5–28.35GHz) and 37–40GHz bands for flexible
fixed and mobile use in late 2021
Canada
• ISED expects to release the 64–71GHz for license-exempt use in late 2021
• ISED is also expecting to release the 31.8–33.4GHz band for backhaul use in late 2019,
and the 71–76GHz and 81–86GHz bands for backhaul use with a potential release in
mid-2020
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Country Details
• ISED is further considering mobile use in other bands (24.25–26.5GHz, 40–43.5GHz,
45.5–50.2GHz, 50.4–52.6GHz) which have the potential to be released by 2022
• MIIT has stated that it intends to make available 2GHz of spectrum per operator in the
24.25–43.5GHz range for 5G
• In July 2017, MIIT approved two mm-wave bands (24.75–27.5GHz and 37–42.5GHz)
China
for research and testing
• MIIT has stated that it will continue to consider more bands (both low and high
frequency) for 5G development
• ARCEP has confirmed it will not assign new point-to-point (PtP) links in the 26GHz
(24.25–27.5GHz) band beyond December 31, 2023, with a view to making this
spectrum available for 5G
France • The 26.5–27.5GHz band (currently used by French defense) will be assigned for
commercial 5G use in 2020, while the 24.5–26.5GHz band is planned for release after
the migration of the PtP radio links
• The 24.25–24.5GHz range will also potentially be available for 5G in the future
• BNetzA’s June 2017 framework document on 5G considers the 26GHz (24.25–
27.5GHz), 28GHz (27.5–29.5GHz) and 32GHz (31.8–33.4GHz) ranges, with 26GHz
being the most important one, having been designated as a European ‘pioneer’ band for
5G
Germany
• BNetzA aims to develop an approach to releasing these bands for 5G (starting with
spectrum in the 26GHz band) “as early as possible so that usage can start in 2020”
• At the end of 2018, BNetzA completed a consultation on a co-ordinated FCFS licensing
arrangement (for individual base stations) in the 26GHz band
• A total of 4.1GHz will be made available, via administrative assignment across the
26GHz (24.25–27.5 GHz) and 28GHz bands (27.5–28.35GHz). 3.7GHz will be made
Hong available via exclusive nationwide licenses for “large scale public mobile services”, and
Kong 400MHz will be made available on a geographically shared basis for “localized
innovative wireless services”
• Assignments are scheduled for H1 2019
• Italy completed a spectrum auction in the 26.5–27.5GHz range in October 2018
Italy
• We are not aware of any plans for further release of high-band spectrum
• MIC plans to allocate the 27.0–28.2GHz and 29.1–29.5GHz ranges to 5G use (as four
400MHz unpaired blocks) by the end of March 2019; the 28.2–29.1GHz range will be
further considered for private 5G use
Japan
• MIC’s July 2017 consultation also considers all eleven mm-wave ITU bands to be
studied internationally ahead of the ITU WRC-19 (in accordance with agenda item
1.13), with a particular focus on bands below 43.5GHz, to enable 5G launch in 2020
• In February 2018, CRA announced that it would assign two 400MHz blocks to Vodafone
and Ooredoo in the 26.5–27.5GHz range in 2018; we are not aware of confirmation of
Qatar
this assignment. CRA also said that the spectrum for assignment would expand to
25.5–27.5GHz by January 2019 and then to 24.5–27.5GHz by January 2021
• South Korea completed a spectrum auction in the 26.5–28.9GHz range in June 2018,
S. Korea resulting in award of three licenses
• We are not aware of any plans for further release of high-band spectrum
• The 26GHz (24.25–27.5GHz) band has been identified as a potential band for 5G.
Spain’s ‘5G National Plan’ notes that the lower 400MHz portion of the band is currently
available for immediate use; however, we are not aware of any official decision relating
Spain to the timing of assignment
• Spain has also stated that, in accordance with the RSPG recommendations, “actions
will be taken” to facilitate the availability of the 31.8–33.4GHz and 40.5–43.5GHz bands
for 5G in the future
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Country Details
• Sweden has consulted on opening the 26.5–27.5GHz range for assignment (in small
geographical areas on an administrative basis) from 2019, with the remainder of the
Sweden spectrum in the 26GHz band (i.e. 24.25–26.5GHz) opened for assignment subsequently
• However, we understand that, due to consultation responses, it now intends to assign
the entire 26GHz band (i.e. 24.25–27.5GHz) together
• Ofcom is undertaking work to make the 26GHz band (parts of 24.25–27.5GHz)
available for 5G
UK • Ofcom also considers 66–71GHz, and bands around 40GHz (37–43.5GHz), to have
significant potential for 5G deployment, with the former band potentially available on a
license-exempt basis
• As noted previously, an auction of the 24GHz (24.25–24.45GHz and 24.75–25.25GHz)
band is currently ongoing
• In December 2018, the FCC adopted rules for the auction of spectrum in the upper
37GHz (37.6–38.6GHz), 39GHz (38.6–40.0GHz) and 47GHz (47.2–48.2GHz) bands.
The auction is scheduled for H2 2019
• The FCC is also seeking to make available the 26GHz (25.25–27.5GHz) and 42GHz
US (42–42.5GHz) bands, though no timeframe for assignment has yet been specified
• The FCC continues to consider action on the 32GHz (31.8–33GHz) and 50GHz (50.4–
52.6GHz) bands, and it previously sought comment on the 70/80GHz (71–76GHz and
81–86GHZ) bands for unlicensed/fixed or other innovative uses.
• Furthermore, the FCC has made available the 57-71GHz bands for unlicensed use and
recently adopted an R&O to permit unlicensed use of 21.2GHz of spectrum above
95GHz (the FCC is further considering licensed use of spectrum above 95GHz)
Figure 4.16 below shows the mm-wave bands (below 55GHz78) confirmed or being considered for
5G in each of the countries under study.
78 Higher bands are available in some markets, such as around 57–67GHz and 70–80GHz, that can be used to deploy
5G technology as well as for conventional fixed links.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Figure 4.16: Mm-wave spectrum considered/confirmed for 5G [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]
The total amount of high-band spectrum confirmed for assignment to 5G (on a licensed basis) in
each of the benchmark countries is shown in the figure below.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Figure 4.17: Total amount of high-band spectrum confirmed for assignment to 5G on a licensed basis* in
benchmark countries [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]
4
GHz
Confirmed/likely allocation to IMT/5G by 2020/2021

Confirmed/likely allocation to IMT/5G by 2019
Already allocated to IMT/5G
*This excludes unlicensed spectrum
Ref: 2015448-103 .
5 National strategies and plans
Alongside the assignment of spectrum for 5G use (discussed in the previous section), governments
and national policy makers are proposing and/or adopting a number of other measures as part of
their overall strategies to encourage 5G development and deployment. Government action to
promote 5G technology includes (in some cases) direct financial investment in technology trials,
pilots, and cross-industry collaborations. In several markets, mobile siting policies have been under
review to ensure they are fit for purpose for the 5G era.
Section 5.1 discusses the key policy areas that governments have identified in their national 5G
strategies and roadmaps, and provides examples of markets where government funding is being put
forward for 5G projects. One key area of 5G policy is revising regulations to streamline mobile
infrastructure deployment procedures; this issue is discussed further in Section 5.2.
5.1 National 5G strategies and government aid on 5G technology trials
National 5G strategies
Recognizing the importance of 5G technology and mobile networks to provide connectivity for new
digital services over the next decade, governments of many leading 5G markets have now published
a formal 5G strategy, and/or a program of policies to facilitate 5G development and deployment.
Examples include:
• Australia: ‘5G—Enabling the future economy’ strategy

• France: ‘5G Roadmap’
• Germany: ‘5G Strategy for Germany’
• Japan: ‘Policy to realize 5G in 2020’ (in time for 5G services to be available to the public during
the Tokyo 2020 Olympics)
• Spain: ‘5G National Plan 2018–2020’
• The UK: ‘Future Telecoms Infrastructure Review’ and ‘Next Generation Mobile Technologies:
A 5G strategy for the UK’
• The US: ‘5G FAST Plan’ and National Spectrum Strategy.
In other cases, while a specific formalized 5G plan has not been published, national governments
have encouraged the development and commercial deployment of 5G technology as part of a broader
national broadband plan, digital strategy, or similar. For example, in China, the ‘Made in China
2025’ plan and the 13th Five-Year Plan explicitly aim for commercial launch of 5G services by 2020.
The key aspects of the 5G strategies for Australia, Japan, Spain, and the US are highlighted below
as examples.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Australia: ‘5G—Enabling the future economy’ strategy
Australia’s 5G strategy, published in October 2017, outlines four “immediate actions” that the
government is undertaking to support the development of 5G:
• making spectrum available in a timely manner

• actively engaging in international spectrum harmonization activities
• streamlining arrangements to allow MNOs to deploy infrastructure more quickly
• reviewing existing regulatory arrangements to ensure they are fit-for-purpose.
Japan: ‘5G—Enabling the future economy’ strategy
In 2016, MIC published its ‘Policy to realize 5G in 2020’ (in time for the Tokyo 2020 Olympics).
This commits to a package of a “comprehensive promotion strategies for 5G” including:
• Promoting three activities to support 5G realization for 2020 and beyond:

– activities of the 5G Mobile Forum (5GMF)
– 5G R&D through ‘Industry-Academic-Government Co-operation’
– standardization activities at the ITU and 3GPP.
• The 5G ‘System Trial’. The trial is being conducted in partnership with each of the country’s
MNOs as well as a number of equipment manufacturers (Panasonic, Sharp, and Fujitsu), and is
expected to continue until 2020.
Spain: ‘5G National Plan 2018-2020’
In December 2017, MINTEAD published ‘Spain’s 5G National Plan 2018–2020’, consisting of the
following four ‘pillars’:
• radio spectrum management and planning

• driving 5G technology – Network and service pilot projects and R&D activities
• regulatory issues
• 5G Plan coordination and international co-operation.
US: ‘5G FAST plan’ / National Spectrum Strategy

The FCC unveiled its ‘5G FAST’ plan in September 2018. The plan categorizes the FCC’s approach
to 5G development under the following three primary headings:
• assignment of spectrum
• updating of infrastructure policy
• modernization of outdated regulation.
The White House also issued a “Presidential Memorandum on Developing a Sustainable Spectrum
Strategy for America’s Future” in October 2018, calling for the development of a National Spectrum
Strategy by mid-2019, citing the “imperative that America be first in fifth-generation (5G) wireless
technologies.”
Ref: 2015448-103 .
As illustrated by the examples above, governments’ 5G strategies and policies cover a range of
issues, typically including items such as: assignment of spectrum, revision of regulations to promote
5G more broadly, equipment certification, contribution to the development of international standards
and international radio harmonization, establishing appropriate dialog with relevant industry
verticals, and so on.
A key additional issue for governments is infrastructure policy, which we consider in Section 5.2
below. In addition to these issues, some governments have chosen to directly allocate funding for
5G R&D, pre-commercial trials, and so forth; this is discussed below.
Government funding for 5G
In a number of cases, funding for 5G has been made available through a larger digital connectivity
fund or under a national broadband plan. For example, in March 2017, Germany adopted its ‘Gigabit
Germany Initiative for the Future’. The objective of the initiative is to invest EUR100 billion to
create a high-performance broadband network in Germany by 2025 using the “most sophisticated
technologies available” such as “fiber optics and […] 5G”.
In other cases, specific 5G investment programs have been announced by government (sometimes
in partnership with private industry stakeholders). For example, in March 2018, the Canadian
government announced a CAD400 million (USD300 million) public-private partnership for pre-
commercial 5G development.
Canada: a CAD400 million (USD300 million) public-private partnership for pre-commercial

5G development
In March 2018, the Canadian Minister of ISED announced a joint investment in 5G between the
government and industry parties, known as the ‘ENCQOR’ project. ENCQOR is a CAD400 million
project to “establish the first Canadian pre-commercial corridor of 5G digital infrastructure”, with a
particular focus on providing access to 5G networks to SMEs, researchers, and academia. The five-
year project is funded by five private partners (Ericsson, Ciena, Thales, IBM Canada, and CGI),
contributing a total of CAD200 million, and the governments of Canada, Ontario, and Quebec
(contributing CAD66.7 million each).
South Korea provides another example of a 5G-specific government investment plan. In

January 2014, the Ministry of Science and ICT announced a KRW1.6 trillion (USD1.5 billion) five-
year investment program for 5G.
South Korea: KRW1.6 trillion (USD1.5 billion) by 2020 for building 5G networks
Ref: 2015448-103 .
In January 2014, MSIT announced plans to invest KRW1.6 trillion by 2020 to enable local firms to
build 5G networks. In January 2018, MSIT announced R&D funding for a range of science/ICT
projects, covering mobile communications and broadcasting (KRW70 billion), ‘SW computing’
(KRW146.6 billion), broadcasting (KRW65.7 billion), next-generation security (KRW61.8 billion),
and ‘devices’ (KRW43.5 billion). Details regarding to what extent funding would be directly
allocated to 5G related projects were not provided.
The UK is one of the leading countries in terms of specific funding programs for 5G, and has funded
a number of projects to date, as described below.
The UK: GBP200 million (USD260 million) allocated to the ‘5G testbeds and trials’ (5GTT)
program
The UK government has committed to investing over GBP1 billion by 2020–2021 in digital
communications, including GBP740 million through the NPIF (National Productivity Investment
Fund) targeted at supporting the roll-out of full fiber and 5G.
In particular, the Department for Culture Media and Sport (DCMS) is allocating GBP200 million
from the NPIF to its ‘5G testbeds and trials’ (5GTT) program:
• Initial projects benefitting from the investment have included: (1) GBP10 million to create
facilities for 5G network security testing, and (2) GBP5 million for an initial trial, starting in
2018, to test 5G applications and deployment on roads, including testing benefits of self-driving
cars.
• The first allocation of 5GTT funding was announced in July 2017. GBP16 million was allocated
to 5GUK, a collaboration between three UK universities to develop a 5G test network and
conduct end-to-end trials.
• In March 2018, recipients of the “first phase” of 5GTT funding (GBP25 million) were
announced. The grants are for initial projects across the UK that will run from April 2018 until
March 2019 (with possible extension beyond March 2019, which is expected to be discussed
during early 2019).
• Also, in March 2018, DCMS announced plans to fund a “5G Urban Connected Communities
project” across a “large-scale urban area” in the UK as part of the 5GTT program. In September
2018, DCMS announced that the West Midlands had been selected as the location for the project,
with hubs to be deployed using 5G technology in Birmingham, Coventry, and Wolverhampton.
DCMS states that GBP50 million is currently available for the project (GBP25 million of which
is provided by DCMS from the NPIF, and the remaining GBP25 million is provided by regional
partners); a further GBP25 million may be available at a later date.
• In September 2018, DCMS published an update regarding the 5GTT program which provides a
number of details about the different government-supported 5G projects taking place in the UK.
It also references the UK5G Innovation Network, which was launched in March 2018. UK5G
Ref: 2015448-103 .
is a DCMS-funded “national innovation network dedicated to the promotion of research,

collaboration and the commercial application of 5G”.
The 2017 budget also announced (an additional) GBP35 million of funding for the Local Full Fibre
Networks (LFFN) program, 5GTT and Network Rail (NR) to enable trials to improve mobile
communications for rail passengers. A call for expressions of interest was published by DCMS in
August 2018.
5.2 Infrastructure policy
As discussed in our 2018 report, there are several infrastructure-related challenges inherent in the
evolution of mobile networks to 5G, both to deploy 5G technology at existing macro sites, and to
densify networks using small cells.
Governments and market participants have discussed measures to overcome these barriers in many
countries. This section provides several examples of infrastructure policies from around the world79
that we have identified through our research for this study as being designed to facilitate the
deployment of 5G technology. We have updated three of the examples provided in our previous
report (the EU, the UK, and the US) and also provided a number of new examples. Most of the
examples given highlight the key issues under consideration as being simplification of infrastructure
regulations, and easing of barriers to small-cell deployment (including recommendations on fees
that can reasonably be found to account for the costs to local authorities relating to review of
applications for siting of small cells).
A key underlying rationale for policy changes on deploying mobile infrastructure is the recognition
that in the 5G era, many more mobile sites will be deployed (both macro sites, and small cells).
Current regulations in many cases do not align well with this scaling up of infrastructure (e.g. due
to the time taken to process site applications, the fees applied, or the inapplicability of existing
requirements to new types of technologies).
The emphasis from policy-makers on ‘removing barriers’ to infrastructure deployment might be

motivated by several goals, including more rapid initial deployment and the desire to encourage
greater investment (e.g. to extend coverage from new networks to a wider proportion of users).
Australia – updated infrastructure legislation to enable the efficient roll-out of 5G
Legislation80 has been in place in Australia for some time to provide regulatory support for the
deployment of telecom infrastructure. In particular, legislation helps telecom carriers provide better
services more quickly and cost effectively, by assigning them “powers and immunities” under
Schedule 3 to the Telecommunications Act 1997. These powers and immunities help carriers to
deploy telecom infrastructure quickly in a nationally uniform way, rather than having to follow state,
79 We have considered both specific legislative reforms and more general policy statements.
80 See https://www.communications.gov.au/have-your-say/consultation-possible-amendments-telecommunications-
carrier-powers-and-immunities
Ref: 2015448-103 .
territory, and local government planning and environmental requirements that would otherwise
apply.
However, most aspects of carrier powers and immunities have been in place since 1997. After
requests from carriers, the Australian government ran a consultation81 (between June and July 2017)
on updating the legislation to reflect changes in communication technologies, and allow the fast and
efficient roll-out of 5G networks. The Minister for Communications agreed to implement a number82
of the proposed changes, which came into force in early 2018.
On October 12, 2017, the Australian government launched its ‘5G—Enabling the future economy’
strategy (see Section 5.1). The strategy outlines four “immediate actions” that the government will
undertake to support the development of 5G, one of which is “streamlining arrangements to allow
MNOs to deploy infrastructure more quickly”. Under this action, the strategy paper references the
legislation changes described above. It notes that the government has recently consulted on proposed
new arrangements to streamline the deployment processes for 5G technologies, and “will implement
the first tranche of changes to carrier powers and immunities following the conclusion of the
consultation process”.
Main goals: recent amendments to legislation aim to streamline arrangements to allow MNOs to
deploy infrastructure more quickly
Policy details: revisions to the Telecommunications (Low-impact Facilities) Determination 2018

(LIFD) and the Telecommunications Code of Practice 2018 (Code). Examples of revisions include:
• Requiring only the lead carrier's signature on relevant documentation, in a joint-venture

arrangement where two carriers are installing or upgrading facilities
• Specifying omnidirectional antennas (of the type which might be used for 5G small cells) as
“low-impact facilities” in residential and commercial areas, not just industrial and rural areas.
Implementation timing: the updated legislation came into force in early 2018.
We also note that, in December 2017, the Australian government established83 a ‘5G working group’
with the following objectives:
• identify enablers and barriers to the deployment and effective use of 5G in Australia, including
at the sector and industry level
• examine how the Commonwealth regulatory settings in sectors, including but not limited to
communications, can be optimized for 5G networks and technologies
81 See https://www.communications.gov.au/have-your-say/consultation-possible-amendments-telecommunications-
carrier-powers-and-immunities
82 In particular, the Minister for Communications agreed to remake the Low Impact Facilities Determination and the
Telecommunications Code of Practice with nine of the 24 proposed changes. The remade instruments are now
available on the Federal Register of Legislation and are referred to as the Telecommunications (Low-impact Facilities)
Determination 2018 (LIFD) and the Telecommunications Code of Practice 2018 (Code).
83 See https://www.communications.gov.au/documents/terms-reference-5g-working-group
Ref: 2015448-103 .
• provide a platform for collaboration across government and industry on 5G matters

• engage, with the input of subject matter experts, in ongoing strategic dialog about 5G matters.
EU – stimulating infrastructure investment and simplifying small-cell procedures, through a new

European Electronic Communications Code
As described in our previous report, on September 14, 2016, the European Commission
published84,85 a draft Directive to establish a new European Electronic Communications Code (the
‘Code’, or (E)ECC). A final form of the EECC was adopted by the European Council in November
201886 (Directive (EU) 2018/1972).
The intention is that the Code will “make it more attractive for all companies to invest in new top-
quality infrastructures [including 5G infrastructure], everywhere in the EU, both locally and across
national borders. The EC has stated that investments triggered by the new framework could boost
[EU] GDP by an additional EUR910 billion and create 1.3 million new jobs over the next decade
(by 2025)”.87
Part II of the Code, dealing with networks, includes several important articles aimed at stimulating
investment in and deployment of (5G) telecommunications infrastructure:
• Article 43 – Rights of way
When considering applications for the installation of facilities to provide electronic

communications networks (both public and private), authorities should act “on the basis of
simple, efficient, transparent and publicly available procedures, applied without discrimination
and without delay, and in any event makes its decision within six months of the application”.
• Article 57 - Deployment and operation of small-area wireless access points
EU Member States “shall ensure that operators have rights to access physical infrastructure
controlled by national, regional, or local public authorities which is technically suitable to host
small-area wireless access points…including street furniture such as light poles, street signs,
traffic lights, billboards, bus and tramway stops and metro stations”. Furthermore, small-area
wireless access deployments shall not be subject to any fees beyond administrative charges.
• Article 72 - Access to civil engineering
NRAs may impose obligations on players with SMP to “meet reasonable requests for access to,
and use of, civil engineering including… buildings or entries to buildings, building cables,
84 See http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-16-3009_en.htm
85 See https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/proposed-directive-establishing-european-electronic-
communications-code
86 See http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2016/593562/EPRS_BRI(2016)593562_EN.pdf
87 See http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-16-3008_en.htm
Ref: 2015448-103 .
including wiring, antennae, towers and other supporting constructions, poles, masts, ducts,
conduits, inspection chambers, manholes, and cabinets”.
Main goals: the Code aims to harmonize regulation of electronic communications across the EU.
The EC has stated that the Code will “stimulate competition which drives investments and
strengthens the internal market and consumer rights”.88
The new Code is part of a larger set of initiatives and legislative proposals designed to place the EU
“at the forefront of internet connectivity”, as part of its wider Digital Single Market strategy.
Policy details: the full text of the directive is publicly available.89 Key articles relevant to 5G
infrastructure include:
• Article 43, which limits the time taken for applications to install infrastructure to be granted
• Articles 57, which simplifies the conditions for the deployment and provisions of small cells to
reduce costs of deploying very dense networks
• Article 72, which supports greater infrastructure competition by ensuring access to civil
infrastructure, such as ducts, poles, etc., where these are held by operators with SMP.
Implementation timing: Member States have until December 21, 2020, to transpose the new
directive into national legislation.90
Article 57 of the Code tasks the EC, by means of implementing acts, with specifying the physical and
technical characteristics, such as the maximum size, weight and, where appropriate, emission power
of small-area wireless access points, which will be exempt from any individual town planning permit
or other prior individual permits, except for environmental or historical reasons, or public safety.
On January 16, 2019, the EC launched91 a public consultation on relevant aspects of an implementing
act; the deadline for responses to the consultation is April 10, 2019.
France – first steps in government support for 5G infrastructure roll-out
On July 16, 2018, ARCEP published a 5G roadmap (see Section 5.1), which listed four “priority
projects to make 5G a success”. One of these was to “provide support for 5G infrastructure roll-outs”.
Under this heading, ARCEP’s roadmap notes that infrastructure deployment streamlining measures
have already been identified by the Housing, Planning and Digital Development bill (the ELAN bill)
88 See http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-16-3008_en.htm
89 See https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018L1972
90 See http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEX-18-1503_en.htm
91 See https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/public-consultation-light-deployment-regime-small-area-
wireless-access-points
Ref: 2015448-103 .
put forward by the Ministry of Territorial Cohesion, and the European Electronic Communications
Code. The ELAN bill was definitively adopted92 by France’s Senate on October 16, 2018.
ARCEP and the government also plan on establishing a “best practices guide to facilitate and
accelerate the deployment of future networks (e.g. regarding the terms governing operators’ access
to street furniture)”.93 ARCEP further states that it will also assess the feasibility and opportunity to
share small-cell networks, notably according to roll-out restrictions.
Main goals: to provide support for 5G infrastructure roll-outs.
Policy details: ARCEP’s roadmap identified providing support for 5G infrastructure roll-outs as
one of its four key areas. Some infrastructure deployment streamlining measures relevant to 5G were
adopted in October 2018 through new housing legislation. The French government is looking to
implement further measures in future.
Implementation timing: ongoing.
South Korea – revised legislation to provide access to local government facilities
In April 2018, MSIT announced94 a series of measures to achieve 5G commercialization at the

earliest possible date. These measures include revisions to legislation to allow the operators greater
access to local government-owned locations (such as streetlamps and traffic facilities) to enable the
installation of mobile equipment for 5G services. The MNOs (as well as SK Broadband) have also
committed to share existing assets, such as conduits, fiber cables and poles, for initial 5G roll-out.95
Furthermore, operators have committed to jointly construct new facilities necessary for 5G services
(both fixed-line facilities such as manholes and conduits, as well as wireless facilities such as base
station sites and antennas).
MSIT has indicated that the network sharing measures are expected to save between
USD360 million and USD900 million over the next 10 years, through “eliminating overlapping
investment”94 and increasing efficiency. We understand that MSIT has also announced96 that it will
provide tax benefits and security maintenance services to the MNOs.
Main goals: to enable 5G commercialization at the earliest possible date.
Policy details: the government has revised legislation to allow operators greater access to local
government-owned locations to enable the installation of 5G equipment.
92 See https://www.gouvernement.fr/en/elan-a-law-to-reform-housing-planning-and-digital-technology
93 See 5G roadmap
94 See https://www.msit.go.kr/web/msipContents/contentsView.do?cateId=mssw311&artId=1379674
95 The government has commissioned the Korea Information Society Development Institute to develop pricing models
for the network-sharing arrangement. See http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/tech/2018/04/133_247121.html. See
also https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20180410009600320
96 See https://www.rcrwireless.com/20180717/5g/south-korean-telcos-agree-launch-5g-services-same-time-tag23
Ref: 2015448-103 .
The operators have also jointly committed to share existing network assets and to jointly construct
new facilities necessary for 5G services.
Implementation timing: ongoing.
UK – reforming legislation to make it easier to deploy telecom infrastructure
The primary legislation in the UK relating to telecom infrastructure is the Electronic

Communications Code (the ‘Code’ or ECC, not to be confused with the European level Code
described above). The ECC regulates the relationship between electronic communications network
operators and site providers (e.g. landowners). The UK amended the ECC in late 2017, aimed at
making legislation more appropriate to future networks as they evolve, including making it easier to
deploy new mobile sites and to modify existing sites, without incurring significant delays, or cost,
through the need to re-plan sites (e.g. for addition of new antennas). A key goal of the amended
legislation is to facilitate a consistent approach to calculating site and infrastructure rental costs, so
that operators can continue to use existing sites, and roll out new sites, without uncertainties
concerning the site rental costs that might be applied.
Main goals: reforms to the UK Code97 are intended to make it easier for telecom operators to roll
out infrastructure for mobile/fixed networks on public and private land.
The new Code gives additional flexibility to mobile operators to upgrade, share, access, and remain
on their existing sites. This may be significant in facilitating 5G roll-outs, e.g. by enabling MNOs
to avoid ‘ransom rents’ when upgrading infrastructure (i.e. changing or adding antennas for 5G).
Policy details: the key changes made include:
• increasing the scope of the code to legislate on access to infrastructure (e.g. masts) as well as
land used to site wireless transmitters
• providing mobile operators with additional rights (e.g. rights of access, rights to remain)
• amending the rental regime for land and infrastructure on which wireless transmitters are
installed (e.g. to implement a consistent approach to calculating site and infrastructure rental
costs).
Implementation timing: the Code reforms became UK law in December 2017.98
UK – a government ‘Taskforce’ to remove barriers to 5G deployment
On November 28, 2017, DCMS launched its ‘Future Telecoms Infrastructure Review’ (the Review)
of the UK telecom markets, in order to investigate “how it can support investment in the world-class
97 See
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/523788/Electronic_Communications_
Code_160516_CLEAN_NO_WATERMARK.pdf
98 See https://www.out-law.com/en/articles/2017/december/uk-electronic-communications-code-to-become-law-on-28-
december/
Ref: 2015448-103 .
connectivity of the future [full fiber and 5G]”. The findings of the Review were published on July
23, 2018, and set out a target for “the majority of the population to have 5G coverage by 2027”.
The Review identified four priority areas to help foster a competitive mobile market and support
investment in 5G. The first of these was to “make it easier and cheaper to deploy mobile
infrastructure and support market expansion, including the implementation of the wide-ranging
reforms to the ECC [see previous sub-section] on site access and consideration of further planning
reforms”.
DCMS notes that ECC measures to date have largely focused on macro cells, but that in the longer
term, 5G is likely to require greater deployment of small cells. DCMS states that “additional
measures will be required to make small cell deployment cost effective and practical” and that it has
been asked by industry players to prioritize the following actions to reduce deployment barriers to
5G:
• ensuring the ECC reforms achieve their intended effect99

• considering further planning reforms to support macro-site expansion and small-cell deployment
• improving access to public sites and exploring ways to reduce costs
• facilitating access to power supplies
• identifying local solutions to address deployment barriers.
The UK government has created the “Barrier Busting Task Force” to work with both the fixed and
mobile telecom industry to identify barriers to network deployment.
In May 2017, the Broadband Stakeholder Group (BSG100) (a government advisory group on
broadband issues), published101 a report entitled “Tackling Barriers to Telecoms Deployment”. The
report looked at the factors slowing down the roll-out of UK broadband, including local authority
planning and the business rates regime for fiber.
In response to this report, the government said that its Barrier Busting Taskforce aims to “reduce the
costs of street-works, liberalizing planning, to simplify wayleave agreements and tackle every and
any barrier to roll-out” and that it would “examine every issue flagged in the report, and then
working with local bodies to identify solutions or to implement best practice”.102
99 The Review states that the government will consider undertaking a formal review of the ECC reforms to assess their
impact in 2019
100 The Broadband Stakeholder Group (BSG) was established in 2001, and since 2006 has focused on next-generation
broadband issues. See http://www.broadbanduk.org/about/
101 See http://www.broadbanduk.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Lowering-barriers-to-telecoms-infrastructure-
deployment-Final-report.pdf
102 See https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/building-a-full-fibre-britain
Ref: 2015448-103 .
A further report was published103 by the BSG in July 2018, entitled “Lowering barriers to 5G
deployment”. The report identified a number of barriers and provided a series of recommendations
aimed at UK government, devolved governments, local authorities, and industry stakeholders.
More recently, DCMS’s Barrier Busting Taskforce launched104 a ‘Digital Connectivity Portal’, an
online resource for local authorities and communications network providers with guidance to
support investment in broadband and mobile networks.
Main goals: beyond implementing the ECC, continuing to remove barriers to 5G deployment.
Policy details: DCMS has established a Barrier Busting Taskforce which aims to “reduce the costs
of street-works, liberalizing planning, to simplify wayleave agreements and tackle every and any
barrier to roll-out”.
Implementation timing: the Barrier Busting Taskforce was set up in 2017. Implementation is
ongoing.
US – reforming regulations to make it easier to deploy wireless infrastructure
In the US, deployment of wireless equipment generally requires approval from local/state
authorities105 and compliance with FCC rules.
Since our previous report, the FCC has adopted further reforms aimed at easing 5G infrastructure
deployment:
• On March 22, 2018, the FCC adopted106 a second R&O, reforming the rules applying to
infrastructure deployment, streamlining the process of deploying next-generation wireless
facilities, addressing the types of deployment subject to historic (NHPA) and environmental
(NEPA) review, and establishing timeframes for the FCC to act upon Environmental
Assessments.107
• On August 3, 2018, the FCC adopted108 a declaratory ruling and third R&O. The Declaratory
ruling concludes that state and local moratoria on wireless services and facilities deployment
are barred by federal law.
103 See http://www.broadbanduk.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/BSG-Report-Lowering-barriers-to-5G-deployment.pdf

104 See https://dcmsblog.uk/2018/12/introducing-the-digital-connectivity-portal/
105 To date, 21 US states have enacted legislation reforming rules governing wireless infrastructure deployment to
prepare for 5G.
106 See https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-acts-speed-deployment-next-gen-wireless-infrastructure. The second R&O
was released on March 30, 2018. See https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-acts-speed-deployment-next-gen-wireless-
infrastructure-0
107 See https://transition.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2018/db0301/DOC-349528A1.pdf
108 See https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/FCC-18-111A1.pdf
Ref: 2015448-103 .
• On September 26, 2018, the FCC adopted109 another declaratory ruling and another third R&O.
The Declaratory ruling provides guidance on whether state or local regulations serve to prohibit
deployment, as well as on reasonable costs associated with state and local governments’ reviews
of the authorizations necessary to deploy small wireless facilities. The third R&O introduces
two new ‘shot clocks’ for small wireless facilities. These specify the presumptively reasonable
time period (60 days for co-location on pre-existing structures and 90 days for new builds)
within which state and local governments must act on applications.
Main goals: recognizing the significant economic benefits that 5G will bring, the FCC’s goal is to
ensure that regulatory barriers are identified, and solutions are found to reduce or eliminate these
barriers.
Policy details: a number of revisions to regulations in accordance with the above goal have been
adopted, including eliminating barriers to deployment, streamlining the process of deploying next-
generation wireless facilities, providing guidance on reasonable costs and timelines associated with
siting reviews, and addressing the types of deployment subject to NHPA and NEPA review.
Implementation period: various reforms have been adopted between 2014 and 2018.
109 See https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-facilitates-wireless-infrastructure-deployment-5g
Ref: 2015448-103 .
6 Comparison of 5G readiness across markets
This section provides an updated assessment of ‘5G readiness’ in our new group of benchmark
countries, based on our revised set of spectrum and infrastructure-related metrics.
Section 6.1 includes a description of the updated list of metrics we have used in our scoring, and
presents the score assigned in each market for each metric. Section 6.2 provides an overall summary
of our scores and findings.
6.1 Drivers of 5G readiness
Our 5G readiness analysis is based on an assessment of six different metrics described below. Two
of these (‘Industry commitment to commercial 5G launch’, and ‘National strategies/government
support’) are unchanged from our previous report. However, two of the other metrics used in our
previous report – those related to 5G roadmaps and 5G trials – are no longer included. This is because
almost all the major MNOs in our benchmark countries have now conducted (and are continuing to
conduct) a comprehensive program of 5G trials. Similarly, the majority of governments under study
have now issued 5G roadmaps (or equivalent strategy documents). To reflect the importance of low,
mid, and high band spectrum, we have assigned separate metrics for low-, mid-, and high-band
spectrum availability as well as overall (total spectrum), given that spectrum in each of these bands
is needed to contribute to overall 5G capability (as described in Section 4.1). Thus, the set of metrics
we use for our 2019 readiness analysis in this report is as follows:
• Industry commitment to commercial 5G launch. As in our previous report, this metric

assesses the progress that is being made by network operators toward commercial 5G launch.
This is measured to a large extent by public announcements made by MNOs which explicitly
commit to commercial 5G launch dates, combined with an assessment of the maturity of pre-
commercial activity such as widespread trials and pre-commercial service launches. A high
score indicates that most or all MNOs have explicitly committed to an accelerated 5G
commercial launch prior to 2020.
• Amount and timeline of low-band 5G spectrum release. This metric assesses the amount of
low-band spectrum (defined as spectrum below 3GHz) which has already been assigned to
mobile or is scheduled to be assigned in the future. A high score in this category is given where
large amounts of 5G-suitable low-band spectrum have already been awarded (or are scheduled
to be awarded imminently).
• Amount and timeline of medium-band 5G spectrum release. This metric is the same as
above, but for mid-band spectrum (defined as spectrum in the 3–24GHz range).
• Amount and timeline of high-band 5G spectrum release. This metric is the same as above,
but for high-band spectrum (defined as spectrum above 24GHz).
Ref: 2015448-103 .
• Total 5G spectrum release. This metric brings together the previous three individual spectrum
metrics, and is intended to capture the overall spectrum situation in a given country. Given that
spectrum across each of the low, mid, and high bands is envisioned to be needed to provide the
full range of services and levels of quality of experience achievable from 5G technology, it is
important that governments ensure that spectrum is awarded in each of these bands. Countries
that score highly here will have awarded (or plan to award imminently) sufficient amounts of
spectrum in the low, mid, and high bands. Conversely, markets will be penalized where poor
progress has been made in one (or more) band.
• National strategies/government support. As in our previous report, this metric aims to capture
the extent to which national governments are proactively aiming for 5G deployment, and are
putting policies in place aimed at encouraging further technological development and early
commercial launch of 5G services. This metric includes policies aimed at easing 5G
infrastructure deployment, as well as government backing for early 5G deployment (e.g. direct
allocation of government funding or other relevant government initiatives aimed at accelerating
5G developments, technological advancement and encouragement of collaborative trials).
Favorable policies toward 5G commercialization might include policies aimed at encouraging
new infrastructure developments such as small cells, as well as broader policies aimed at
streamlining planning processes for mobile operators relating to macro sites used within today’s
4G networks, which will also be important to 5G. A high score for this metric reflects proactive
government policy making (evidenced by public documentation) supportive of 5G, which might
include specific infrastructure-based policies, funding being allocated to further the
development of 5G technology in-country, or to facilitate large-scale, collaborative testing and
development.
Our scoring between countries has been performed as follows:
• Each country is assigned a score between 0 and 4 for each of the six metrics. These scores
(denoted S1 to S6) are depicted visually using Harvey balls, in accordance with the following
scale:
Figure 6.1: Harvey ball

0: No information/ 1: Fair 2: Good 3: Very good 4: Excellent scoring code [Source:
poor progress assessment
• A final 5G readiness score is then calculated as a simple sum110 of the individual scores:
5G readiness score, STotal = S1 + S2 + S3 + S4 + S5 + S6
110 The relative importance of each metric to overall 5G readiness is likely to change over time. In order to provide a
broadly comparable basis for various versions of this index over time, we have decided not to apply weightings to the
individual metrics.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
As noted in our previous report, it should be emphasized that market-readiness for 5G is an

inherently qualitative concept, and quantitative scoring will not necessarily capture all the nuances
of the real-life situation.
Below, we provide analysis and scoring for each of the six metrics being considered.
Industry commitment to commercial 5G launch
The following table summarizes our assessment of industry commitment and progress toward a 5G
launch in each of the benchmark countries. As shown, top scores have been assigned to South Korea
and the US; certain operators in both of these countries have already launched (limited) commercial
5G services in certain locations, and all operators are expected to have launched 5G services
commercially by H1 2019.
Figure 6.2: Country scores for Metric 1 [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]
Market S1 Details
• Telstra aims to have a 5G commercial deployment in certain locations from H1
Australia
2019 and in “all high-demand regional centers” in FY2020
• Optus plans to launch 5G FWA services in certain cities in H1 2019
• VHA and TPG have not yet announced 5G commercial deployment dates
Canada • Rogers has said it expects commercial 5G deployment in 2020
• Telus has said it expects 5G FWA services to be available from 2020
• Bell has not yet announced 5G commercial deployment dates
China
• All Chinese operators have committed to large-scale 5G commercial launches
from 2020
• Orange has indicated that customers in certain cities will be able to access 5G
France
services in 2019, with commercialization in 2020
• Bouygues has said that 5G “will be marketed in 2020”
• SFR and Free have not yet announced 5G commercial deployment dates
• Vodafone aims to make 5G services available to customers from 2020
Germany
• DT has said that it will launch commercial 5G operations in 2020, subject to
device availability
• Reports have indicated that Telefonica is likely to launch 5G services in 2020
Hong • CMHK has stated that it “will be ready to provide full [5G] services” when
Kong spectrum is released in 2019–2020
• HKY, SmarTone, and Three are expected to launch commercial services from
2020
• Vodafone has deployed pre-commercial 5G networks in various cities

Italy
• Wind Tre expects initial 5G deployment in certain locations by end-2019
• TIM has switched on a 5G site in San Marino, ahead of full commercial launch
• Iliad has not yet announced 5G commercial deployment dates
Japan • All the major Japanese operators have committed to large-scale 5G
commercial launches from 2020
• Rakuten aims to launch commercial 5G services in early 2020
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Market S1 Details
Qatar
• Ooredoo and Vodafone are expected to launch commercial 5G services when
devices become available in 2019
South
Korea • Each of South Korea’s three MNOs launched 5G FWA services (limited to
enterprise customers) in December 2018. Full (mobile) commercial 5G launch
for regular consumers is scheduled for March 2019
• Orange has indicated that customers in certain cities will be able to access 5G
services in 2019, with commercialization in 2020
Spain
• Telefonica has stated that its 5G services will not be available commercially
prior to 2020
• Vodafone and Mas Movil have not yet announced 5G commercial deployment
dates
Sweden
• Telia and Telenor/Tele2 are aiming for commercial launch of 5G in 2020
• Tre has not yet publicly announced 5G commercial launch dates
• Vodafone and BT/EE have announced plans to provide commercial 5G

UK services in 2019
• Three has indicated that it may provide 5G FWA services from 2019
• O2 has stated that its 5G services will not be available commercially prior to
2020
• AT&T launched initial 5G commercial mobile services in December 2018
US111 • Verizon launched initial 5G FWA services in October 2018 with 5G mobile
services planned for 2019
• Sprint aims to launch commercial 5G services in certain cities in H1 2019
• T-Mobile plans to launch in early 2019, with nationwide 5G coverage by 2020
Low-band 5G spectrum: amount assigned/scheduled for release and corresponding timeline
The following table summarizes our assessment of the amount of low-band 5G spectrum released in
each of the benchmark countries and corresponding timeline. As shown, top scores have been
assigned to a number of countries (Australia, Canada, Germany, Sweden, the UK, and the US), each
of which has already assigned over 600MHz of spectrum for mobile, and in a number of cases is
expected to assign further spectrum by 2020. Qatar scores lowest in this category, with just over
300MHz low-band spectrum currently assigned to mobile.
Market S2 Details
Australia has already assigned a total of 690MHz of low-band spectrum for
Australia
mobile, including spectrum in the 700MHz and 2300MHz bands. An additional
2×15MHz is expected to be assigned in the 850MHz band (3GPP bands 26/27)
in 2020. Allocation of the L-band (1427–1518MHz) is scheduled for 2021.
111 Furthermore, sub-national operator US Cellular plans to launch 5G services in the second half of 2019
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Market S2 Details
Canada has already assigned a total of 648MHz of low-band spectrum for
Canada
mobile, the fourth highest of our benchmark countries. An auction of 2×35MHz in
the 600MHz band is scheduled for early 2019 and ISED will initiate a review of
the 1500/1600MHz bands in late 2019.
China has currently assigned a total of 582MHz of low-band spectrum for mobile,
including spectrum in the 1900MHz and 2300MHz bands. This is the third lowest
China amongst our selected markets. Furthermore, only slightly more than 70MHz of
sub-1GHz spectrum has been released, contributing to a low score on this
metric. However, a total of 687MHz of low-band spectrum has been planned in
China; various blocks of spectrum in the 1800MHz, 1900MHz, 2100MHz,
2300MHz, and 2600MHz bands have yet to be awarded, although we are not
aware of an official timeline for doing so.
France has already assigned a total of 598MHz of low-band spectrum for mobile,
including paired spectrum in the 700MHz band, placing it in the middle of our
France group of countries. ARCEP has consulted on assigning the 700MHz unpaired
range, but has no plans to do so prior to June 2019. ARCEP has indicated that it
may assign L-band spectrum at the same time as the 3.4–3.8GHz and 26GHz
bands (2019/2020 respectively) and has also stated that work is “well underway”
to introduce LTE in the 450MHz band.
Germany has already assigned a total of 689MHz of low-band spectrum for
Germany mobile, including paired spectrum in the 700MHz band as well as 40MHz in the
L-band. In terms of current assignments, this ranks Germany in the top three of
our benchmark, and top within European countries. BNetzA has said that the
700MHz unpaired range may be considered for auction at a later date.
Hong Hong Kong has currently assigned a total of 583MHz of low-band spectrum for
Kong mobile, including spectrum in the 2300MHz band, placing it toward the bottom of
our benchmark. CA intends to assign ‘digital dividend’ spectrum in the 700MHz
band to mobile as soon as possible after the analog switch-off (to be completed
by 2020).
Italy has already assigned a total of 640MHz of low-band spectrum for mobile,
Italy including paired spectrum in the 700MHz band and 40MHz in the L-band. We are
not aware of plans for further low-band spectrum assignment, though we note
that the 700MHz unpaired range went unsold at the auction in 2018. Italy sits in
the middle of our group of countries in terms of low-band spectrum.
Japan has currently assigned a total of 601MHz of low-band spectrum for mobile
Japan (including 70MHz in the 1500MHz band); this places Japan in the middle of our
group of countries. MIC has stated that it will promote frequency
sharing/allocation in the 2300–2330/2370–2400MHz range, and consider
frequency sharing with mobile satellite in the 2500–2545/2645–2690MHz range.
Qatar has currently assigned a total of 304MHz of low-band spectrum for mobile,
more than 150MHz less than all the other benchmark countries. Qatar plans to
Qatar
assign 2×30MHz in the 700MHz band for 5G. However, only around half of the
spectrum internationally harmonized for mobile in the 1800MHz, 2100MHz, and
2600MHz bands has been assigned, and we are not aware of plans for future
awards in these bands.
South Korea has currently assigned a total of 477MHz of low-band spectrum for
mobile, including 57MHz in the 2300MHz band. Apart from Qatar, South Korea
South ranks lowest amongst the benchmark countries in terms of current low-band
Korea assignment. We are not aware of plans for further low-band spectrum
assignment, though we note that 2×20MHz in the 700MHz band went unsold at
an auction in 2016. South Korea has awarded the least sub-1GHz spectrum of
any of the benchmark countries (60MHz in the 800MHz band and 20MHz in the
900MHz band).
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Market S2 Details
Spain has currently assigned a total of 580MHz of low-band spectrum for mobile.
Spain This is the lowest score among the European countries we have considered, and
places Spain toward the bottom of our group of markets. However, Spain expects
to auction spectrum in the 700MHz band in early 2020 and is taking measures to
make spectrum available in the L-band. Spain has also said that demand for
shared use of the 2.3–2.4GHz band for 5G “will be examined”.
Sweden has already assigned a total of 630MHz of low-band spectrum for
mobile, including 10MHz in the 450MHz band. An award of spectrum in the L-
Sweden band is planned for “2019 or later”, and the 2300–2380MHz range is scheduled
to be assigned (together with the 3.4-3.7GHz range) in late 2019 or early 2020.
PTS has also said that it will “analyze the possible future use” of unpaired
700MHz spectrum which went unsold in the 2018 auction. Given these future
plans, Sweden is likely to be one of the top countries in terms of total low-band
spectrum by 2020.
The UK has already assigned a total of 647MHz of low-band spectrum for mobile,
including 40MHz in the L-band and 40MHz in the 2300MHz band. The UK plans
UK to auction the 700MHz band (both paired and unpaired) by Spring 2020. This
places the UK toward the top of our benchmark in terms of low-band spectrum.
Furthermore, Ofcom is currently consulting on introducing spectrum-sharing
arrangements in the DECT guard band (1781.7–1785/1876.7–1880MHz) and
2390–2400MHz band.
The US has already assigned a total of 716MHz of low-band spectrum for mobile,
US
including around 70MHz in the 600MHz band. EBS spectrum (part of the 2.6GHz
band) is currently unused in large parts of the US, and the FCC is proposing to
“modernize and rationalize” this spectrum.
Mid-band 5G spectrum: amount assigned/scheduled for release and corresponding timeline
The following table summarizes our assessment of the amount of mid-band 5G spectrum released
in each of the benchmark countries and corresponding timeline. As shown, Canada and the US score
lowest in this category, with no (or limited) mid-band spectrum currently assigned to mobile use,
and limited further assignments confirmed by 2020. China and Japan are ranked highest for this
metric.
Market S3 Details
Australia has already assigned a total of 225MHz of mid-band spectrum suitable
Australia for mobile (100MHz within the 3400–3575MHz band in specific locations, and
125MHz in the 3575–3700MHz band). The regulator plans to release discussion
papers in 2019 on reconfiguration options in the 3400–3575MHz band and long-
term arrangements in the 3.7–4.2GHz band. Australia lies in the middle of our
group of countries on this metric.
No mid-band spectrum is currently assigned to mobile in Canada. An auction in
Canada the 3450–3650MHz band is planned for late 2020. The regulator is consulting on
use of the 3400–3450MHz and 3650–4200MHz bands for 5G, but timeframes
have not been decided. Canada is the only country in our group that will not
make any mid-band spectrum available for 5G until 2020.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Market S3 Details
China has already assigned a total of 300MHz of mid-band spectrum (national
test licenses in the 3.4–3.6GHz and 4.8–4.9GHz to each of the three MNOs).
China China ranks second highest among the benchmark countries. Furthermore, a
total of 500MHz (3.3–3.6GHz and 4.8–5.0GHz) is scheduled to be released; this
is expected to take place between H2 2019 and H1 2020. Reports also indicate
that China is likely to assign the 3.6–4.2GHz range to 5G use in the future,
subject to co-ordination with existing satellite use.
No mid-band spectrum is currently assigned to mobile in France. An auction of
France (parts of) the 3.4–3.8GHz range is scheduled for late-2019 or early-2020,
although the exact approach is still be confirmed; ARCEP has previously said
that it aims to make available 300MHz of contiguous mid-band spectrum for 5G
by 2020.
Germany No mid-band spectrum is currently assigned to mobile in Germany. The

government plans to award the entire 3.4–3.8GHz band for mobile use in early
2019. The 3.4–3.7GHz range (for nationwide use) will be auctioned, while the
3.7–3.8GHz range will be for regional/local use.
No mid-band spectrum is currently assigned to mobile in Hong Kong. The
Hong government plan to auction three bands in July/August 2019 on a national basis
Kong for 5G: 3.3–3.4GHz (for indoor use only), 3.4–3.6GHz and 4.84–4.92GHz. The
regulator has said that spectrum will become available for use from end-
2019/2020. Hong Kong sits in the middle of our benchmark for this metric; a large
amount of spectrum has been confirmed for release (second only to Japan and
China), but it will not be available until 2019/2020.
Italy has already assigned a total of 326MHz of mid-band spectrum suitable for
Italy mobile. This includes the 3.6–3.8GHz range, which was auctioned on a national
basis in 2018, as well as regional assignments in the 3.4–3.6GHz band. Italy has
currently assigned more mid-band spectrum than any of the countries in our
benchmark apart from Spain, contributing to a high score on this metric.
Japan has already assigned a total of 200MHz (3.4–3.6GHz) of mid-band
Japan spectrum suitable for mobile use. The regulator plans to release six 100MHz
blocks of spectrum (3.6–4.1GHz and 4.5–4.6GHz) by March 2019. This means
that a total of 800MHz is expected to be available for mobile use, significantly
more than any of the other benchmark countries. Furthermore, the 4.6–4.8GHz
range will be considered for private 5G use.
Qatar 100MHz has been assigned to each of the two MNOs in the 3.4–3.6GHz range.
A document released by CRA in February 2018 indicates that the 3.6–3.8GHz
range will also be assigned for 5G use in the future.
South
Korea South Korea has already assigned a total of 280MHz (3.42–3.70GHz) of mid-
band spectrum suitable for mobile use.
Spain Spain has already assigned a total of 360MHz (3400–3480/3500–3580MHz and

3.6–3.8GHz) of mid-band spectrum suitable for mobile use. This is more than any
of our other selected countries, contributing to a high score.
80MHz of spectrum (3600–3640/3700–3740MHz) is currently assigned to MNOs

Sweden on a national basis under service-neutral licenses expiring in 2022. Sweden
plans to award the entire 3.4–3.8GHz band to mobile use; the 3.4–3.7GHz range
(for nationwide use) is scheduled for auction in late 2019 or early 2020, while the
3.7–3.8GHz range (for regional/local use) is expected to be assigned from 2023.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Market S3 Details
The UK has already assigned a total of 270MHz (3410–3680MHz) of mid-band
UK
spectrum suitable for mobile use. The UK also plans to award 120MHz (3680–
3800MHz) by Spring 2020 and is currently consulting on introducing a sharing
regime in the 3.8–4.2GHz range.
The US is making 150MHz in the 3550–3700MHz (CBRS) band available, with
70MHz to be auctioned (potentially in 2019) and the entire 150MHz to be
US available on a shared basis (in mid-2019). The FCC is exploring the 3.7–4.2GHz,
adopting an NPRM in July 2018, a move that could open up large additional
blocks of mid-band spectrum. The US is also studying the 3.45–3.55GHz band
and considering options for use of the 5.925–7.125GHz range, but specific plans
have not yet been confirmed.
High-band 5G spectrum: amount assigned/scheduled for release and corresponding timeline
The following table summarizes our assessment of the amount of high-band 5G spectrum released
in each of the benchmark countries and corresponding timeline. As shown, the US scores the highest
in this category, with China (and a selection of other countries) close behind. The US has recently
completed its auction of the 28GHz band and is currently conducting an auction of the 24GHz band,
while China has committed to assigning 2GHz of mm-wave spectrum to each MNO (although timing
has not been confirmed).
Market S4 Details
Australia No high-band spectrum is currently assigned for mobile use in Australia. An
auction of the 26GHz (24.25–27.5GHz) band is scheduled for Q3/4 2020. ACMA
is also considering the future use of the 28GHz (27.5–29.5GHz) band.
No high-band spectrum is currently assigned for mobile use in Canada. ISED
aims to release the 26GHz (26.5–27.5GHz) band for 5G by 2020, the 28GHz
(27.5–28.35GHz) and 37–40GHz bands for flexible fixed and mobile use by late
Canada
2021, and the 64–71GHz band for license-exempt use in late 2021. ISED is
further considering mobile use in other bands (24.25–26.5GHz, 40–43.5GHz,
45.5–50.2GHz, 50.4–52.6GHz) which have the potential to be released by 2022.
This means that the amount of confirmed/likely allocation of high-band spectrum
for 5G in Canada is one of the highest among the benchmark countries.
No high-band spectrum is currently assigned for mobile use in China. However,
MIIT has stated that it intends to make available 2GHz of spectrum per operator
China in the 24.25–42.5GHz range for 5G (significantly more than any other country).
This commitment puts China near the top of our group of countries. MIIT has
already approved the 24.75–27.5GHz and 37–42.5GHz bands for research and
testing and has stated that it will consider further mm-wave bands for 5G
development.
France No high-band spectrum is currently assigned for mobile use in France. The 26.5–
27.5GHz band will be assigned in 2020, while the 24.5–26.5GHz band is planned
for release after the migration of PtP radio links. The 24.25–24.5GHz range will
also potentially be available for 5G in the future.
Germany No high-band spectrum is currently assigned for mobile use in Germany. BNetzA
aims to develop an approach to releasing the 26GHz (24.25–27.5GHz), 28GHz
(27.5–29.5GHz), and 32GHz (31.8–33.4GHz) bands for 5G (starting with the
26GHz band) “as early as possible so that usage can start in 2020”. BNetzA has
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Market S4 Details
held a consultation on a co-ordinated licensing arrangement (for individual base
stations) in the 26GHz band.
No high-band spectrum is currently assigned for mobile use in Hong Kong. A total
Hong of 4.1GHz will be made available, via administrative assignment across the 26GHz
Kong (24.25–27.5 GHz) and 28GHz (27.5–28.35GHz) bands. 3.7GHz will be made
available via exclusive nationwide licenses and 400MHz will be made available on
a geographically shared basis. Assignments are scheduled for H1 2019; this is
early compared to many other countries, contributing to a high score in this metric.
Italy has already assigned 1GHz (26.5–27.5GHz) of high-band spectrum for
Italy mobile, making it one of only three countries (the others being South Korea and
the US) to have assigned high-band spectrum. However, we are not aware of
any plans or consultations on further assignment, meaning that Italy may lag
behind a number of the other benchmark countries by 2020.
No high-band spectrum is currently assigned for mobile use in Japan. MIC plans
Japan to award licenses for the 27.0-28.2GHz and 29.1–29.5GHz ranges to 5G use (as
four 400MHz unpaired blocks) by the end of March 2019. This early timeframe for
award has contributed to a high score in this metric. We also note that other mm-
wave bands are under consideration, and that the 28.2–29.1GHz range will be
considered for private 5G use.
No high-band spectrum is currently assigned for mobile use in Qatar. CRA has
Qatar said that it will assign two 400MHz blocks to Vodafone and Ooredoo in the 26.5–
27.5GHz range in 2018; however, we are not aware of confirmation of this
assignment. CRA also said that the spectrum for assignment would expand to
25.5–27.5GHz by January 2019 and then to 24.5–27.5GHz by January 2021.
South
Korea South Korea has already assigned 2.4GHz (26.5–28.9GHz) of high-band
spectrum for mobile use on a national basis. We are not aware of any plans for
further release of high-band spectrum.
No high-band spectrum is currently assigned for mobile use in Spain. The 24.25–
Spain 27.5GHz band has been identified as a potential 5G band, and the lower 400MHz
portion of this range is currently available. However, we are not aware of an
official timeline for assignment. In accordance with RSPG recommendations,
Spain will facilitate the availability of the 31.8–33.4GHz and 40.5–43.5GHz bands
for 5G in the future.
Sweden No high-band spectrum is currently assigned for mobile use in Sweden. We
understand that PTS intends to assign the entire 24.25–27.5GHz range, but no
definite timeline has been set yet.
No high-band spectrum is currently assigned for mobile use in the UK. Ofcom
has consulted on different approaches to make spectrum available for 5G in the
UK
24.25–27.5GHz range. However, a decision on timing/approach has not yet been
taken. Furthermore, Ofcom considers the 66–71GHz and 37–43.5GHz bands to
have significant potential for 5G deployment, with the former potentially available
on a license-exempt basis.
The US has already assigned 850MHz of high-band spectrum in the 27.5–
28.35GHz band. Around two-thirds of the 38.6–40.0GHz band (measured by
MHz-pop) is also currently assigned (mostly to Verizon and AT&T). Furthermore,
US the 24.25–24.45GHz and 24.75–25.25GHz ranges are currently being auctioned.
In December 2018, the FCC adopted rules for the auction of spectrum in the
37.6–38.6GHz, 38.6–40.0GHz (in regions where licenses have not already been
assigned), and 47.2–48.2GHz bands. The auction is scheduled for H2 2019. The
FCC has also sought comments on the 26GHz, 32GHz, 42GHz, 50GHz, and
70/80GHz bands, as well as bands above 95GHz.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Total 5G spectrum release
The following table summarizes our assessment of the total 5G spectrum release (across low, mid,
and high bands) in each of the benchmark countries. As shown, China is the only country that has
been assigned a maximum score (having scored strongly in each of the low-, mid-, and high-band
spectrum metrics).
Market S5 Details
Australia has now released 225MHz of mid-band spectrum for mobile, with a large
Australia
amount of sub-3GHz spectrum also available. However, no further mid-band
spectrum has been confirmed for award, and mm-wave spectrum is not scheduled
for release until end-2020.
Canada’s overall spectrum score is the lowest among the benchmark countries.
Canada
Although it has already assigned nearly 650MHz of low-band spectrum (with an
auction in the 600MHz band expected shortly), no mid-band spectrum is currently
available for mobile (and only 200MHz is scheduled for assignment by 2020).
China China has been assigned a maximum score for this metric. While high-band
spectrum is yet to be released, China has committed to assigning 2GHz of mm-
wave spectrum per MNO for 5G. Furthermore, 100MHz of mid-band spectrum per
MNO has been assigned (under test licenses).
France France has already assigned the 700MHz band for mobile use, and is expected to
assign large amounts of the 3.4–3.8GHz band in 2019/20, as well as 1GHz of mm-
wave spectrum in 2020.
Germany has assigned a large amount of low-band spectrum for mobile (including
Germany the paired 700MHz band). No mid- or high-band spectrum has currently been
assigned. However, the 3.4–3.7GHz range is scheduled to be released in early
2019, and a consultation has been completed on releasing the entire 24.25–
27.5GHz range (on a shared basis) to enable use by 2020.
Hong Hong Kong has assigned nearly 600MHz of low-band spectrum for mobile use
Kong (including the 700MHz band). No mid- or high-band spectrum has yet been
assigned, however a large amount of spectrum is scheduled to be released
(2019/20 in the mid band and 2019 in the high band).
Italy Italy scores highly on this metric. A multi-band 5G auction in 2018 assigned
spectrum in the 700MHz, 3.6–3.8GHz, and 26.5–27.5GHz bands, making it one of
the few countries to have already released mobile spectrum for 5G in the low, mid,
and high bands.
Japan Japan also scores highly on this metric. 200MHz of mid-band spectrum is already
available for mobile, and a further 600MHz (along with 1.6GHz in the high band) is
scheduled to be assigned in March 2019.
A limited amount of sub-3GHz spectrum has been assigned to mobile in Qatar

Qatar
compared to the other benchmark countries. However, the 3.4–3.6GHz range was
assigned to MNOs in 2018, and Qatar has outlined plans for the further assignment
of the 700MHz, 3.6–3.8GHz, and 26GHz bands.
South South Korea has been assigned a high score on this metric. Although the amount
Korea of low-band spectrum assigned for mobile is less than in many of the other
benchmark countries, South Korea was the first country to assign spectrum in the
mid and high bands.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Market S5 Details
Spain Spain has assigned more mid-band spectrum for mobile (380MHz) than any of the
other benchmark countries. It has also assigned nearly 600MHz of low-band
spectrum, with the 700MHz band to be auctioned in early 2020. However, no
definitive plans have been confirmed regarding high-band spectrum.
Sweden Sweden has already assigned the 700MHz band, and plans to assign the entire
3.4–3.7GHz band for mobile use in 2019/20. Sweden plans to release the entire
24.25–27.5GHz band, but no timeline for the assignment has been confirmed.
The UK has now released 270MHz of mid-band spectrum for mobile use and over
UK
600MHz of low-band spectrum. It plans to auction spectrum in the 700MHz and
3680–3800MHz bands in early 2020. A consultation has been issued on the 26GHz
band, but no definitive plans have been announced.
The US scores well on this metric. The US has already made over 700MHz of low-
US band spectrum available for mobile (including the 600MHz band). Furthermore,
1800MHz of mm-wave spectrum has already been assigned, with an auction of a
further 700MHz currently ongoing (and further auctions scheduled for 2019).
However, its lack of mid-band spectrum prevents a maximum score.
National strategies/government support
The following table summarizes our assessment of government commitments to promote 5G

leadership, including favorable policies toward 5G testing and development, funding for 5G trials,
and policies aimed at facilitating 5G infrastructure deployment (including streamlining of planning
processes for existing mobile sites, and consideration of policies to encourage small-cell roll-out).
The table indicates that significant infrastructure policies aimed at accelerating 5G deployment have
been made in several of the markets under study, especially in China, Japan, South Korea, and the
US.
Market S6 Details
The Australian government’s “5G—Enabling the future economy” strategy aims at
Australia “streamlining arrangements to allow MNOs to deploy infrastructure more quickly”.
Revised legislation was adopted in early 2018 to this effect, and in December 2017
the government established a ‘5G working group’ to “identify enablers and barriers
to the deployment and effective use of 5G”.
The government’s Communications Research Centre (CRC) has been working on
Canada
5G technological development since 2014. In March 2018, plans were announced
for a public-private partnership in which the government and industry parties will
invest CAD400 million to develop 5G.
Details regarding direct funding initiatives for 5G technological development and/or
trials are not known, however the Chinese government is explicitly backing 5G
China technology development, industry collaboration, and commercial deployment
through a range of policies and initiatives, such as the ‘Made in China 2025’ plan and
the 13th Five-Year plan. MIIT has conducted several of its own 5G compatibility trials,
and scheduled 5G research and development into a number of specific phases
prior to commercial launch in 2020.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Market S6 Details
The French government has invested in improving fiber coverage which it hopes
France will stimulate 5G and infrastructure deployment in the longer term. ARCEP’s 5G
roadmap, published in July 2018, prioritizes providing support for 5G infrastructure
roll-outs. Some infrastructure deployment streamlining measures relevant to 5G
were adopted in October 2018 through new housing legislation; the French
government is looking to implement further measures.
The “5G Strategy for Germany” includes five action points specifically targeting 5G
development. Under the “promote co-operation between telecommunications and
Germany user industries” action point, the government set up the ‘5G Dialog Forum’ in 2016.
Under the “targeted and co-ordinated research” action point, the government is
making up to EUR80 million available for 5G research and development. In 2017,
the government launched a program to invest EUR100billion in high-performance
broadband (5G and fiber) by 2025.
Hong Hong Kong has been looking to support 5G infrastructure deployment. In Hong
Kong Kong’s 2018 policy address, a government official stated that “the government
[would] proactively open up suitable government premises and roof-tops for the
installation of base stations” to support 5G roll-out.
Italy In March 2017, the Italian government launched a 5G trial in five Italian cities. The
Italian Competition Authority has recommended that the government simplify the
regulations applying to the deployment of small cells, and consider whether
transmission power limits should be increased.
Japan MIC’s 5G roadmap commits to a package of “comprehensive promotion strategies

for 5G”. These include conducting a ‘5G system trial’ and promoting 5G research
and development (through ‘Industry-Academic-Government Cooperation’ and the
5G Mobile Forum (5GMF)).
Limited data available for Qatar; we are not aware of government actions to support
Qatar
5G (through funding or lowering deployment barriers). Both MNOs have confirmed
plans to launch 5G commercially once devices are available, and have already
been assigned mid-band spectrum.
The South Korean government is encouraging research and trials to enable
South accelerated 5G commercial launch. In 2014, MSIT announced plans to invest
Korea KRW1.6 trillion (USD1.5 billion) by 2020 to enable local firms to build 5G networks.
In April 2018, MSIT announced a series of infrastructure-based measures
(including network-sharing obligations and revised legislation to enable operator
access to street furniture) aimed at accelerating 5G deployment. MSIT has also
said that it will provide tax benefits and security maintenance services to the MNOs.
Spain In December 2017, the Spanish government published “Spain’s 5G National Plan
2018–2020”. Within the framework of the National Plan, EUR20 million will be
provided to two private-sector 5G pilot projects.
Sweden Sweden adopted a national broadband plan in 2016, which specifies a target of
reaching “ubiquitous access to ‘high-quality’ mobile services by 2023”. In May 2018,
Sweden signed a declaration on 5G with the Nordic governments, agreeing “a
common action plan for early adoption of 5G technology”.
Recent revisions to the UK’s Electronic Communications Code aim to simplify the
deployment of telecom infrastructure. DCMS has completed its “Future Telecoms
UK Infrastructure Review” which prioritizes implementing policies to streamline 5G
infrastructure deployment, and a taskforce has been established to identify and
reduce barriers facing operators. DCMS is also allocating USD260 million to its ‘5G
testbeds and trials’ (5GTT) program; specific industrial developments are also
being promoted such as connected cars and connected healthcare.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Market S6 Details
The FCC has adopted several reforms to rules applying to infrastructure
deployment, including eliminating barriers to deployment, streamlining the process
of deploying next-generation wireless facilities, providing guidance on reasonable
US
costs and timelines associated with siting reviews, and addressing the types of
deployment subject to NHPA and NEPA review. As of early 2019, 21 states had
enacted legislation aimed at accelerating small-cell deployment. Furthermore, the
US government has taken steps to ensure that 5G R&D investments are
encouraged through tax reform and other actions.
6.2 5G readiness comparison
Our overall readiness comparison combines the individual scores per country for the six metrics that
we have assessed.
The following table provides an overall summary of our 5G readiness assessment of each benchmark
country, and total score. As can be seen, China, the US, South Korea, and Japan remain the top
ranked countries as compared to our previous report, although their relative rankings have changed.
Figure 6.8: Overall 5G readiness scores [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]
Market STotal Details

Australia is one of the mid-scoring countries from our analysis. An auction in the
3.6GHz band was completed in 2018, and a large amount of sub-3GHz spectrum
Australia has already been assigned to mobile (including the 700MHz band). In early 2018,
13 revised legislation was introduced to streamline the deployment of small cells,
and a government working group has been established to continue to lower
barriers to 5G infrastructure deployment. Both Telstra and Optus are expected to
launch initial commercial 5G services in H1 2019.
Canada is the lowest scoring of the countries considered, based on the research
we have undertaken for this study. While a large amount of sub-3GHz spectrum
is currently assigned to mobile use (and an auction of the 600MHz band is
Canada scheduled for early 2019), plans for spectrum assignment in the mid and high
9 bands are lagging behind those of several other countries. CRC has been
conducting 5G trials, and the government (in collaboration with private partners)
has committed to a USD300 million project to fund 5G development (the
ENCQOR project). Two MNOs have indicated that commercial 5G launch is
expected in 2020.
China is the highest-scoring country (joint with the US) from our analysis in terms
of 5G readiness. There is strong government backing for 5G research and
China development, combined with strong industry backing, with the government’s ‘13 th
Five-Year Plan’ aiming for commercial 5G launch by 2020. All MNOs have
19 announced extensive trials and have committed to launching services in 2020.
The government has committed to large amounts of mid- and high-band
spectrum for 5G; nationwide mid-band test licenses of 100MHz were awarded to
each MNO in December 2018.
The French regulator has already awarded licenses for use of the 700MHz band
France for mobile services, and intends to award spectrum licenses in the 3.4–3.8GHz
band during 2019/20 and in the 26.5–27.5GHz band during 2020. A 5G roadmap
11 has been published prioritizing support for 5G infrastructure roll-outs, and the
government has implemented some initial measures to that end. Orange and
Bouygues have both made explicit commitments to provide 5G services in 2020.
Ref: 2015448-103 .

Germany is one of the mid-scoring countries from our analysis. The German
government has published a detailed 5G strategy which aims for roll-out in 2020,
Germany and has developed plans for spectrum award in a number of bands. Germany
14 has a large amount of low-band spectrum currently assigned for mobile use
(including the 700MHz band). Spectrum in the 3.4–3.7GHz band is expected to
be auctioned in early 2019; the assignment timeline for mm-wave spectrum is still
to be confirmed.
Hong Hong Kong is also one of the mid-scoring countries from our analysis. No mid-
Kong and high-band spectrum has yet been assigned, but plans have now been
14 announced to do so, and a large of amount of spectrum (more than in most of the
benchmark countries) is scheduled to be released during 2019 and 2020. Most
operators are expected to launch commercial 5G services in 2020.
Italy Italy ranks in the upper-middle section of our benchmark. It is one of only three
countries to have assigned low-, mid-, and high-band spectrum. Two MNOs have
15 indicated that initial 5G commercial services will be available in 2019.
Japan scored well across each of the metrics that we have considered. The
Japan hosting of the 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games in Tokyo is providing a
17 strong focus for early 5G service availability, which is galvanizing 5G progress.
Japan’s MNOs are leaders in 5G testing and the regulator has committed to
releasing mid- and high-band spectrum for 5G by March 2019.
Qatar Limited data is available for Qatar. However, both MNOs have been awarded
10 mid-band spectrum and are expected to launch commercial 5G services when
devices become available in 2019.
South Korea has scored strongly on most metrics, similar to the 2018 report.
Spectrum in both the 3.5GHz and 28GHz bands was auctioned in mid-2018, and
South all three MNOs obtained large contiguous blocks of spectrum in both bands. The
Korea three South Korean MNOs launched commercial 5G services in December 2018
18 (offering FWA initially), and plan to launch mobile services in early 2019. The
government has committed to a large 5G investment program. Where South
Korea lags slightly compared to the leading countries in our analysis is in total
mobile spectrum holdings, and in mm-wave spectrum (e.g. compared to the US).
Spain has assigned more mid-band spectrum for 5G than any of the other
Spain benchmark countries, and is expected to auction the 700MHz band in early 2020.
11 However, no timeline has been confirmed for the assignment of mm-wave
spectrum. Most of the Spanish MNOs have not yet announced 5G commercial
deployment dates.
Sweden ranks toward the bottom of the benchmark countries. While the 700MHz
Sweden band was awarded in 2018, spectrum in the 3.4–3.8GHz band is not scheduled
10 for assignment until late 2019/early 2020, and no timeline has yet been confirmed
for mm-wave spectrum. Telia and Telenor/Tele2 are aiming for commercial
launch of 5G in 2020.
The UK government has announced a significant amount of funding for 5G trials
and R&D, as well as regulatory backing to ease infrastructure deployment for
UK mobile networks. The 2.3GHz and 3.4GHz bands were auctioned in 2018, and
15 the 700MHz and 3.6GHz bands are scheduled for auction in early 2020.
However, details have not yet been confirmed regarding mm-wave spectrum,
leading to a low score in the high-band spectrum metric. Most operators have
committed to launching 5G in 2019.
US The US scores highly on most metrics, and has been assigned the highest score
(joint with China) of the countries analyzed. This high score reflects the strong
19 industry commitment to early 5G launch, with all major MNOs having committed
to launches in 2019, and Verizon and AT&T both having launched early 5G
Ref: 2015448-103 .

services in 2018. To support the operators with these early 5G launches, the
FCC has introduced several regulatory reforms to eliminate barriers to the
deployment of 5G infrastructure, and many states have enacted small-cell
legislation. Regarding spectrum, the FCC was one of the first regulators globally
to confirm a strategy for releasing mm-wave spectrum. The 28GHz band and
parts of the 39GHz band have been assigned, and the 24GHz band is currently
being auctioned. The remainder of the 39GHz band as well as the 37GHz and
47GHz bands are scheduled to be auctioned later in the year. The US also
scores highly on sub-3GHz spectrum, a large amount of which has already been
released for mobile use (including the 600MHz band), with further spectrum
(1.3GHz and 1.7GHz) under investigation for release. However, the US has
scored poorly in terms of mid-band spectrum: only a limited amount (via the
CBRS band) is expected to become available during 2019, and future
assignment plans have not yet been confirmed.
These scores are plotted on a scale in Figure 6.9 below.
Figure 6.9: Overall 5G readiness scores, 2019 [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]
As can be seen from the above, there is a leading tier of countries consisting of China, the US, South
Korea, and Japan, followed by second and third tiers of countries which include the other Asia–
Pacific countries under consideration, European countries, and Canada.
For comparison, the scores of the countries assessed in our 2018 report are shown in Figure 6.10
below.
Figure 6.10: Overall 5G readiness scores,112 2018 [Source: Analysys Mason, 2018]
112 The scales in Figure 6.9 are Figure 6.10 are different (since a different scoring system was used in the 2018 report).
Ref: 2015448-103 .
As can be seen, the top cluster of countries (those most ready for 5G) has remained unchanged since
our previous report. China and the US are joint leaders of this group, closely followed by South
Korea and Japan.
China was the top-scoring country (ahead of the US) in our 2018 report. It has maintained a leading
position due to a strong commitment from the government to achieve 5G success, and large amounts
of spectrum released (or confirmed for release) in the low, mid, and high bands. A particularly
significant development was the announcement from MIIT in December 2018 that nationwide (test)
licenses of 100MHz of contiguous mid-band spectrum had been awarded to each MNO. While the
Chinese operators have not announced early commercial launches (as in South Korea and the US),
large-scale commercialization is expected in 2020.
The US scored in third position (slightly behind both China and South Korea) in our 2018 report
and is now joint leader with China. Operators are strongly committed to 5G in the US, with early
commercial launches announced by both Verizon and AT&T at the end of 2018, and significant
deployments planned for 2019 by Sprint and T-Mobile, as well as US Cellular. Furthermore, the US
has been assigned top scores in terms of low- and high-band spectrum; a large amount of sub-3GHz
spectrum has already been assigned to mobile in the US, and the first mm-wave 5G spectrum
auctions were completed at the start of 2019 (with further awards planned). In our previous report,
the US scored lower in terms of government support for infrastructure deployment, and lower still
in terms of mid-band spectrum. Progress has been made on both fronts, and this has been reflected
in the updated scores. However, challenges to the infrastructure decisions made by the FCC last year
will require continued monitoring in 2019. Likewise, further attention on mid-band spectrum
assignment will be needed in the future.
The second and third tiers of countries that we reported on last time now include a larger number of
countries (split into two groups of five countries). Countries toward the top of the second tier include
Italy (which held a 5G auction for low-, mid-, and high-band spectrum in 2018), the UK (which is
planning to hold a 700MHz and 3.6GHz auction in early 2020 and is implementing a number of
policies to reduce barriers to 5G infrastructure deployment) and Hong Kong (which plans to auction
large amounts of mid- and high-band spectrum in 2019/2020). Whilst China, the US, South Korea,
and Japan are still leading the race to 5G, several countries (particularly in Europe) are close behind
and could overtake some of the leading countries (e.g. Japan) during 2019.
The chart below illustrates the country rankings we have identified for 2019, compared to the
previous ranking for that country (where relevant) in our 2018 report.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Figure 6.11: Overall 5G readiness scores 2019, color coded by change in ranking113 since 2018 [Source:
As noted in our previous report, this analysis represents a view of 5G readiness at this point in time,
and other inherent factors – such as supply-side developments, changes to commercial launch plans,
and other market or policy developments – could affect the eventual outcome of the 5G market
globally. The shifts in 5G readiness which occurred in 2017 and 2018 have already advanced
timetables in some countries, affirming that the situation is fluid, and the current leadership rankings
are not fixed.
113 This is the change in ranking within the group of eight countries that have been assessed in both the 2018 and 2019
reports.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
7 Conclusions
From our analysis of 5G readiness, we have identified that the countries that are currently the furthest
advanced with launching 5G services (at the time of producing this report) are China, South Korea,
the US, and Japan. Within this group, China and the US are joint leaders, followed closely by South
Korea and Japan.
This leading group of four countries remains unchanged from our 2018 report. However, the
rankings within the group have changed: the US has moved from third position to joint first,
reflecting industry commitment for early 5G launch being carried through, alongside progress on
the government side in the assignment of high-band spectrum as well as the implementation of
policies to reduce barriers to 5G infrastructure deployment.
This shift in rankings also emphasizes the fluid nature of the race to 5G. The change in rankings in
2019 compared to our first report in 2018 indicates that the 5G leadership rankings are not fixed and
can be influenced by a range of factors including industry efforts to bring 5G to market alongside
regulatory and government moves to facilitate 5G through availability of spectrum and infrastructure
policies. The early launch of 5G services in some countries is also encouraging operators in other
markets to accelerate their 5G launch plans and hence a further update to this report in 2020 could
well show further changes to rankings and 5G leadership.
Notwithstanding this, and as noted in the analysis, several other inherent factors – including supply-
side developments, shifts in commercial strategy, and other market developments – also influence
how the 5G market will develop globally.
Our conclusions from the study are as follows:
China and the US are the Our overall conclusion is that the countries ranked highest in our
leading nations in our previous report are still positioned as 5G leaders in 2019. The order of
‘5G readiness’ scoring amongst the leading nations has shifted, with China and the US
assessment, scoring now tied in top place, reflecting determined moves by the US operators
higher than other nations to follow through 5G commercialization commitments with the launch
on most of the metrics we of 5G services in 2018.
have assessed
Whilst China, the US, South Korea, and Japan are still leading the race
to 5G, several European nations are close behind and could overtake
some of the leading countries (e.g. Japan) during 2019.
Mid-band spectrum will Many of the planned 5G commercial launches referred to in our report
be important for early 5G will use mid-band spectrum, particularly in the 3GHz band. Many of
deployments and a the 5G devices becoming available in 2019 are expected to support this
Ref: 2015448-103 .
critical building block for frequency range. The US has previously lagged behind other nations in
5G services terms of the amount of mid-band spectrum being released for 5G use.
Whilst there has been significant progress in the US on other important
aspects of 5G launch, such as reform of infrastructure planning
procedures (e.g. in relation to small-cell siting), there is still more to be
done to ensure that the US retains its leading position through better
availability of mid-band spectrum, which is a key short-term goal.
Since the first edition of When our first report was published in 2018, we identified 5G pre-
this report was published commercial trials being underway in the leading 5G markets. Since then,
in 2018, the 5G market there has been rapid progress toward commercial deployment and service
has continued to develop launch. The early commercial launches that we identified in last year’s
rapidly, with many report have now occurred, and the 5G market is continuing to move rapidly
operators preparing to from test/trials to large-scale pilots and commercial launches. Release 15-
launch services and compatible RAN equipment is widely available and more 5G smartphones
several launches already are expected to emerge during the second half of this year, which will allow
announced consumers to use 5G networks from mobile devices.
Actions being taken by Several case studies are identified in this report highlighting the
national governments to importance of government policies to reduce or eliminate burdens on
encourage 5G 5G deployment. In the US, federal and state policymakers have been
deployment include instrumental in easing barriers to small-cell deployment. Examples of
reform of siting policies approaches in other markets include China waiving the standard per-
and license fees MHz fee for spectrum for 5G licenses in the initial years, and a focus
on reducing barriers to mobile deployment in the UK.
Enhanced mobile Early 5G services are predominantly eMBB and FWA; however, the
broadband (eMBB) and service mix should increase as 5G evolves into the next phase of
fixed wireless access specifications anticipated in 3GPP Release 16. Several operators have
have emerged as the announced collaborations with vendors and industry players to test the
initial 5G use cases use of 5G in different industrial sectors, as described in this report, and
hence vertical uses are expected to remain an important element of 5G
services, as networks become more sophisticated beyond initial launch.
In some markets, there have been proposals to reserve specific spectrum
for 5G industrial use, however there is a need for regulators to consider
such schemes carefully, including whether they are applicable or
appropriate to specific bands.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Spectrum focus for 5G As identified in the first edition of this report, worldwide focus on 5G
remains on the mid-band deployment has been on mid-band spectrum (mainly 3.4–4.2GHz), along
frequencies and on mm- with selected bands above 24GHz. Each of these bands has been included
wave bands in 3GPP Release 15 specifications, and 5G handset availability is
expected to improve in 2019 both for 3.4–3.8GHz and 28GHz (with
26GHz following thereafter). The US is leading other nations with the
award of mm-wave spectrum for 5G use and it is expected that other
countries will follow this lead, pending the outcome of WRC-19 (where
worldwide discussion on mm-wave spectrum for 5G will take place).
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Global Race to 5G – update | A–1
Annex A Abbreviations used in this report
ACMA Australian Communications and Media Authority (Australian NRA)

AGCOM Autorità per le Garanzie nelle Comunicazioni (Italian NRA)
AI Artificial Intelligence
Autorité de Régulation des Communications Électroniques et des Postes
ARCEP
(French NRA)
AWS Advanced Wireless Services
BNetzA Bundesnetzagentur (German NRA)
BRS Broadband Radio Service
CA Carrier Aggregation
CA Communications Authority (Hong Kong NRA)
CBRS Citizens Broadband Radio Service
CNMC Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (Spanish NRA)
CRA Communications Regulatory Authority (Qatari NRA)
DL/UL Downlink/Uplink
EBS Educational Broadband Services
eMBB Enhanced Mobile Broadband
EC European Commission
EPC Evolved Packet Core
EU European Union
FCC Federal Communications Commission (US NRA)
FDD Frequency Division Duplex
FNPRM Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
FSS Fixed-Satellite Service
FWA Fixed Wireless Access
GAA General Authorized Access
GSA Global Supplier Association
GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
GSMA GSM Association
HD High Definition
IMT International Mobile Telecommunication system
IoT Internet of Things
Department for Innovation, Science and Economic Development (Canadian
ISED
NRA)
ISP Internet Service Provider
Ref: 2015448-103 .
ITU International Telecommunications Union

LTE Long Term Evolution
MBB Mobile Broadband
MBS Mobile Broadband Services
MIC Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (Japanese NRA)
MIIT Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (Chinese NRA)
MIMO Multiple Input, Multiple Output
MSIT Ministry of Science and ICT (South Korean NRA)
mm-wave Millimeter-wave
MNO Mobile Network Operator
MoU Memorandum of Understanding
NOI Notice of Inquiry
NPRM Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
NRA National Regulatory Authority
NR New Radio
NSA Non-Standalone
NTIA National Telecommunications and Information Administration
Ofcom Office of Communications (UK NRA)
PAL Priority Access License
PCS Personal Communications Service
PHS Personal Handy-phone System
PPDR Public Protection and Disaster Relief
PPP Public Private Partnership
PTS Post- och telestyrelsen (Swedish NRA)
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
R&O Report and Order
R&D Research and development
RAN Radio Access Network
RSPG Radio Spectrum Policy Group
SA Standalone
SDL Supplemental Downlink
SMRA Simultaneous Multi-Round Ascending
TDD Time Division Duplex
UHD Ultra-High Definition
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
URLLC Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications
V2X Vehicle-to-everything
Ref: 2015448-103 .
VR Virtual Reality
WCS Wireless Communications Service
WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
WRC World Radio Council
2G/3G/4G/5G Second/Third/Fourth/Fifth Generation of mobile technology
3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Global Race to 5G – update | B–1
Annex B Country case studies
The following sections provide an overview of 5G developments (with a focus on spectrum and
deployment plans) in each of the benchmark countries (Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany,
Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, Qatar, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, and the UK), as well as the US.
B.1 Australia
The Department for Communications and the Arts is the government department responsible for
communications policy in Australia and the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) is
the regulator for the communications sector, including spectrum policy and assignment. Telstra, Optus,
Vodafone Hutchison Australian (VHA), and TPG are the currently licensed mobile operators. TPG was
awarded mobile spectrum in the 700MHz and 2.6GHz bands in 2017, having previously operated as a
mobile virtual network operator (MVNO). TPG and VHA have formed a joint venture which, along with
Telstra and Optus, won 5G spectrum in ACMA’s 3.6GHz auction in December 2018. The Australian
government and ACMA have been proactive in encouraging 5G roll-out, with a government 5G strategy
published in 2017, streamlining of mobile siting policies announced and a 5G auction (3.6GHz) in
December 2018. Both Telstra and Optus have plans to launch commercial 5G services in Australia in 2019
and have been preparing for launch in 2018 by installing 5G equipment within their existing 4G networks.
B.1.1 Current spectrum holdings
Low-band spectrum
As shown in Figure B.1 below, 670MHz of low-band spectrum is currently assigned to commercial
mobile services in Australia.
Figure B.1: Current low-band spectrum holdings of MNOs in Australia, MHz [Source: ACMA,114 APT115]
MNO 450 700 850 900 1400 1800 1900* 2100 2300 2600 Total
Telstra – 40 20 16.8 – – 80 N/a**
Optus – 20 – 16.8 – – 40 N/a**
150** 120** 100**
VHA – 10 20 16.4 – – – N/a**
TPG116 – 20 – – – – 20 N/a**
114 See https://web.acma.gov.au/rrl and https://www.acma.gov.au/Industry/Spectrum/Radiocomms-licensing/Spectrum-

licences/spectrum-auctions-list-spectrum-planning-acma
115 Data from APT report APT/AWG/REP-15(Rev.5). See http://www.apt.int/AWG-RECS-REPS
116 TPG currently operates as an MVNO in Australia. In April 2017, it announced plans to launch its own mobile network
(based principally on a small-cell architecture) and began roll-out, using Huawei as its principal vendor. TPG stated
that a “key reason” for this selection of vendor was “that that there was a simple upgrade path to 5G”. However, on
January 29, 2019, TPG announced that it “has decided to cease the rollout of its mobile network in Australia” citing
the government’s ban on using Huawei for 5G equipment.
See https://www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20190129/pdf/44247b6xdpq097.pdf
Ref: 2015448-103 .
MNO 450 700 850 900 1400 1800 1900* 2100 2300 2600 Total
Total – 90 40 50 – 150 – 120 100 140 670
* Spectrum assigned in 3GPP bands 33 and 34 is excluded, since it is not used.
** Spectrum in 1800MHz, 2100MHz,117 and 2300MHz has been made available on a regional basis. The amount shown
may not have been made available across all regions.
Note: the 850MHz assignments shown apply in metro areas only; in regional areas, Telstra has 2×15MHz and VHA has
2×5MHz.
Mid-band spectrum
MNOs Optus and Telstra own the majority of spectrum (licensed on a regional basis) in the 3425–
3492.5MHz and 3542.5–3575MHz ranges; a small number of regional blocks in this range are held
by other players.118 The licenses are technology neutral.
In December 2018, ACMA completed a regional auction119 of the 3575–3700MHz range. 125MHz
was made available in twenty-five 5MHz lots in each of 14 regions (6 ‘metropolitan’ areas and 8
‘regional’ areas). Licenses have an 11-year duration, are technology neutral and without coverage
obligations.
All of the spectrum was sold,120 raising a total of USD616 million, corresponding to
~USD0.20/MHz/pop (after adjusting121 to a 20-year license). Each of Australia’s MNOs won
117 Two nationwide licences were made available at the 2.1GHz auction in 2001. See
https://www.acma.gov.au/Industry/Spectrum/Radiocomms-licensing/Spectrum-licences/auction-summary-2-ghz-
third-generation-mobiles-2001-1
118 In April 2000, the relevant government minister made the Radiocommunications (Spectrum Reallocation) Declaration
2000 (the 3.4GHz reallocation declaration) that allowed the introduction of spectrum licensing in the 3425–3492.5MHz
and 3542.5–3575MHz ranges (the 3.4GHz band) in particular areas of Australia.
The auction was held in October 2000; the majority of lots were won by AKAL (owned by Optus). Of the available
482 lots, 22 went unsold. These 22 lots were re-offered in 2002; however, they again remained unsold. These lots
were offered for assignment on a quarterly basis from 2004 to 2008.
The original spectrum licenses expired in December 2015. The majority of spectrum licenses were re-issued to the
same licensees, with a new expiry date of 13 December 2030.
In December 2017, ACMA’s ‘residual auction’ made available 3.4GHz spectrum, consisting of a combination of the
spectrum that was not reissued in 2015 and unsold lots from the preceding 3.4GHz assignments.
See http://auction.acma.gov.au/auction_results/3.4ghz_results_page/34_pdf/lot_prices.pdf
See https://www.acma.gov.au/-/media/Spectrum-Licensing-Policy/Information/Mulitband-auction/Multiband-residual-
lots_Auction-guide-pdf.pdf
See https://www.acma.gov.au/theACMA/possible-changes-to-2831-ghz-spectrum-licences
See https://www.commsalliance.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/45328/CA-response-on-ACMA-3.5-GHz-band-
transition-opportunities.pdf
See Table 3 of ACMA’s December 2016 consultation: https://www.acma.gov.au/theACMA/spectrum-licensing-2ghz-
and-3_4ghz
Current holdings in the 3.4GHz band are shown in Table 9 of the August 2018 auction guide (see below).
119 For details, see https://www.acma.gov.au/theACMA/applicant-information-package-3-6-ghz-band-auction
120 For full auction results, see https://www.acma.gov.au/theACMA/3-6-ghz-band-spectrum-auction-results
121 Using a WACC of 6.0%.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
spectrum, with VHA and TPG bidding as a joint venture. Wholesale service provider Dense Air also
won spectrum, and announced122 its intention to start providing 5G neutral host services in Australia.
High-band spectrum
No high-band spectrum is currently available for commercial mobile services in Australia.
B.1.2 Main 5G spectrum proposals
In September 2018, ACMA published123 its final “five-year spectrum outlook [FYSO] 2018–2022”,
which provides details of a number of spectrum plans relevant to 5G. These are outlined in the
following sub-sections, along with other relevant documentation.
Low-band spectrum
ACMA first commenced124 a review of arrangements in the 803–960MHz band in May 2011. In
December 2016, a consultation on reconfiguring the 900MHz (890–915/935–960MHz) band was
published.125 Subject to finalizing plans for an LTE PPDR network (referred to as the PSMB
network), ACMA decided to implement its proposed ‘850MHz expansion plan’, making a further
2×15MHz in 3GPP bands 26/27 (809–824/854–869MHz) available for mobile broadband.126 The
September 2018 FYSO schedules a planning decision on the 850/900MHz bands for Q4 2018; the
‘potential timing’ of allocation is listed as Q3/4 2020.
In October 2016, ACMA released a discussion paper127 on the 1500MHz band. The September 2018
FYSO states that further consideration of the L-band (1427–1518MHz) is deferred to Q1/2 2020;
the ‘potential timing’ of allocation is listed as Q1/2 2021.
Mid-band spectrum
In December 2017, ACMA completed a multi-band auction of ‘residual’ spectrum lots (i.e. lots left
unsold in previous auctions). A total of 40 lots were made available across four bands: 1800MHz,
2.1GHz, 2.3GHz, and 3.4GHz. A single lot in the 3.4GHz went unsold; the September 2018 FYSO
states that this lot will be re-offered to the market in Q1 2019.
122 See http://denseair.net/dense-air-to-offer-neutral-host-5g-densification-services-in-australia/

123 See https://acma.gov.au/Industry/Spectrum/Spectrum-projects/5-Year-Spectrum-Outlook/five-year-spectrum-
outlook?utm_medium=email
124 See http://www.acma.gov.au/Industry/Spectrum/Spectrum-projects/800-and-900-MHz-bands
125 See http://www.acma.gov.au/Industry/Spectrum/Spectrum-projects/800-and-900-MHz-bands/latest-developments-
in-803-960-mhz
126 See https://www.acma.gov.au/Industry/Spectrum/Spectrum-projects/800-and-900-MHz-bands/review-of-the-803-
960-mhz-band
127 See https://www.acma.gov.au/theACMA/future-use-of-the-1_5-ghz-and-3_6-ghz-bands-2
Ref: 2015448-103 .
The September 2018 FYSO also states that ACMA intends to issue a discussion paper on
reconfiguration options in the 3400–3575MHz band in Q1 2019, following the conclusion of the
3575–3700MHz auction.
Finally, the September 2018 FYSO states that ACMA is considering releasing a discussion paper in
Q2 2019 on the long-term arrangements in the 3.7–4.2GHz band.
High-band spectrum
ACMA ran a consultation128 on the 26GHz (24.25–27.5GHz) band between September 22, 2018,
and November 2, 2018. ACMA ran a separate consultation129 on the 28GHz (27.5–29.5GHz) band
between September 28, 2018, and November 23, 2018.
The press release accompanying the 26GHz consultation stated: “To assist the Authority and
industry in taking a ‘holistic’ view of all issues affecting 26 and 28GHz use, ACMA is keen to align
its consultation process on the 28GHz band with the present (26GHz) paper. The 28GHz spectrum
is more heavily used than 26GHz in Australia, and there is potential interest in the band from several
different sectors and use cases. Consideration of the 28GHz band is currently at the initial
investigation phase and a forthcoming discussion paper, expected in the weeks following release of
the 26GHz paper [see above], will float some early ACMA thinking on broad planning scenarios.
Responses to that paper will help crystallize these scenarios into more discrete formal planning
options, which will be the subject of a future consultation process.”
The September 2018 FYSO scheduled a planning decision130 on the 26GHz band for Q4 2018 and
a reallocation decision for Q2 2019; the ‘potential timing’ of allocation is listed as Q3/4 2020.
B.1.3 MNOs’ 5G commercial deployment plans
Figure B.5 outlines 5G commercial deployment plans announced by the major MNOs in Australia.
Figure B.2: Announcements of 5G deployment plans by major MNOs in Australia [Source: MNO press releases]
MNO Details of 5G commercial deployment plans

• In June 20, 2018, Telstra’s CEO stated131 that “we will have a network that is 5G ready
in the first half of FY2019” and that “5G commercial launch will be in FY2020… we will
have a national commercial deployment of 5G in major cities and all high-demand
Telstra
regional centers in FY2020”. It was also noted that “5G-capable smartphones are
unlikely to hit the mainstream until late 2019 or early 2020, and in the meantime 5G
will see use in other offerings such as fixed wireless”
128 See https://www.acma.gov.au/theACMA/options-for-wireless-broadband-in-the-26-ghz-band

129 See https://www.acma.gov.au/theACMA/spectrum-planning-for-the-28-ghz-band
130 Based on Scenario 1 in the forward allocation work plan
131 See https://www.computerworld.com.au/article/642708/telstra-predicts-5g-boost-wireless-only-households/
Ref: 2015448-103 .

• In August 2018, Telstra announced132 switching on its first 5G-capable site in parts of
the Gold Coast. Later that month, it announced that Toowoomba had become the first
5G-capable regional location. Telstra stated that more than 200 5G-capable sites are
planned to be live around the country by the end of 2018
• On October 19, 2018, Telstra announced133 the launch of 5G sites in Canberra,
Adelaide, and Perth, as well as having switched on its 50th 5G-capable site
• On December 10, 2018, after winning spectrum in the 3.6GHz auction, Telstra
stated134 “while these licenses will not come into effect until March 2020, we are
working with ACMA to enable early access where it is suitable to do so, to ramp up our
roll-out plan for 5G in the first half of next year”
• On December 18, 2018, Telstra announced135 that it had been granted early access to
the 3.6GHz spectrum it won at auction, enabling it to switch on 5G at sites in
Melbourne and Sydney. With these additions, Telstra stated that it had now switched
on 187 5G-capable sites
• In December 2018, Telstra published136 a ‘5G update’ providing further details.
• On January 31, 2019, following a number of earlier announcements, Optus provided
details of its 5G deployment and launch plans. Optus noted that 5G sites are now live in
two suburbs of Canberra, with an additional site live in Sydney. 47 additional sites are
planned to be online by March 2019 with further sites scheduled to go live across
Adelaide, Brisbane, Canberra, Perth, and Sydney “over the coming months”.
Furthermore, Optus is aiming for a total of 1200 live sites by March 2020 across the ACT,
Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, and Western Australia. The
1200 sites will include “residential locations and other key customer hotspots surrounding
airports, train stations, sports stadiums and CBD locations”. Optus’s press release states
that its 5G network roll-out strategy includes upgrading and adding new mobile sites as
Optus well as densifying the network with small cells in highly populated locations
• Optus plans to release a ‘Home Broadband’ (i.e. FWA) service, which will be priced at
AUD70 per month for unlimited data and speeds of 50Mbps. Optus states that “off-the-
shelf [FWA] products will be available… in the coming months” and that “initial services
are expected to be delivered in Q2 2019”
• Optus also stated that 5G mobile services will be possible once compatible handsets are
available. Optus is “working with a range of smartphone manufacturers and will announce
details about 5G smartphone handset availability and plans in the future”
• On February 11, 2019, Optus confirmed137 that a second 5G site was now operational in
Sydney.
• No explicit 5G commercial launch dates have been publicly announced
VHA • On May 21, 2018, VHA announced138 the launch of massive-MIMO technology in the
1800MHz band in Western Sydney; VHA terms the technology ‘4.9G’. In the press
release, VHA stated that it is “focused on continuing to evolve and enhance our 4G
132 See https://www.telstra.com.au/aboutus/media/media-releases/Telstra-rolls-out-regional-5G-first-in-Toowoomba

133 See https://www.telstra.com.au/aboutus/media/media-releases/Telstra-confirms-5G-partnership-with-Ericsson-as-it-
launches-sites-in-Canberra-Adelaide-and-Perth
134 See https://exchange.telstra.com.au/telstra-invests-386m-to-secure-30-80-mhz-nationwide-in-5g-spectrum-auction/
135 See https://www.telstra.com.au/aboutus/media/media-
releases/Telstra_launches_first_5G_Melbourne_and_Sydney_sites
136 See https://www.telstra.com.au/content/dam/tcom/about-us/investors/pdf%20F/2018-Telstra-5G-Update.pdf
137 See https://www.optus.com.au/about/media-centre/media-releases/2019/02/Optus-switches-on-new-5G-site-in-
Kellyville-NSW
138 See https://www.vodafone.com.au/media/vodafone-launches-4-9g-in-sydneys-west
Ref: 2015448-103 .

network to deliver real benefits to our customers now, while Australians wait for the
introduction of 5G to consumers in coming years”
• On December 10, 2018, after the mid-band 5G spectrum auction, VHA stated139 that
“consumers won’t be able to start using 5G on mobile until enabled smartphones are
launched over the next few years, and we are working to launch 5G services in major
cities before handsets are widely available”.
• An article published by consumer comparison website WhistleOut on November 5, 2018,
states that: “by and large, Australian 5G networks will be switched on from 2019. Telstra
and Optus have both committed to selling commercial 5G services next year [i.e. 2019],
and Vodafone will follow in 2020”.
B.1.4 National strategies/government support
On October 12, 2017, the Australian government launched140 its ‘5G—Enabling the future economy’
strategy, which outlined four “immediate actions” that the government will undertake to support the
development of 5G:
• making spectrum available in a timely manner

• actively engaging in international spectrum harmonization activities
• streamlining arrangements to allow MNOs to deploy infrastructure more quickly
• reviewing existing regulatory arrangements to ensure they are fit-for-purpose.
Under the infrastructure action, the strategy paper notes that the government has recently consulted
on proposed new arrangements to streamline the deployment processes for 5G technologies. The
government will “will implement the first tranche of changes to carrier powers and immunities
following the conclusion of the consultation process”.
Under the regulatory-review action, the strategy paper states that “the government will continue to
work with industry to modernize current telecommunications regulatory arrangements to ensure they
encourage competition and innovation in the sector”.
B.1.5 Outlook
Our 5G outlook/assessment for Australia is summarized in Figure B.6 below.
Figure B.3: 5G outlook for Australia [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]
Metric Description Score

1. Industry commitment • Two MNOs to launch 5G in 2019; one MNO has not confirmed 2/4
to 5G launch a launch date
• 690MHz of spectrum currently released
4/4
2. Low-band spectrum • Further 30MHz in the 850MHz band scheduled for release by
2020; L-band spectrum for potential assignment beyond 2020
139 See https://www.vodafone.com.au/media/5g-another-step-closer-with-national-spectrum-acquisition

140 See https://www.communications.gov.au/departmental-news/5g-enabling-future-economy
Ref: 2015448-103 .

2/4
3. Mid-band spectrum • Reconfiguration of 3400–3575MHz band and long-term
arrangements in 3.7–4.2GHz band to be discussed
• No high-band spectrum currently released
1/4
4. High-band spectrum • 26GHz to be awarded in 2020; 28GHz band also under
consideration
• Weakest in high band, with no spectrum to be assigned until 2/4
5. Total spectrum
late 2020
6. National • Revised legislation passed to ease infrastructure deployments
2/4
strategies/government • Taskforce established to identify enablers and barriers to
support deployment
Ref: 2015448-103 .
B.2 Canada
The federal government is responsible for spectrum policy in Canada. Innovation, Science, and
Economic Development Canada (ISED) is the department that manages the use of spectrum. The
Communications Research Centre (CRC), which is part of ISED, provides the department with scientific
and technological evidence to support spectrum-management decisions. ISED launched a 5G
consultation in June 2017 (focusing on three mm-wave bands: 28GHz, 37–40GHz, and 64–71GHz),
and announced that it aims to make spectrum available for 5G by 2020. Subsequent consultations in 2018
have confirmed that ISED will auction spectrum in the 600MHz band in March 2019 and in the 3.5GHz
band in 2020. Licensing conditions will enable mobile use in the 26GHz and 28GHz bands, and in 64–
71GHz (which will be released on an unlicensed basis). Two of Canada’s MNOs (Bell and Telus) have
announced 5G trials, with Telus explicitly aiming for commercial 5G deployment in 2020. In 2018, the
Canadian government announced the ‘ENCQOR’ project, a CAD400 million public-private partnership
focused on research and innovation in 5G. As part of this project, two 5G innovation hubs have
subsequently been launched in Quebec.
Low-band spectrum
As shown in Figure B.4 below, 648MHz of low-band spectrum is currently allocated to commercial
mobile services in Canada.
Figure B.4: Current low-band spectrum holdings141 of MNOs in Canada, MHz [Source: ISED142]
Spectrum* 600 MBS Cell. PCS AWS1 AWS3 AWS4 WCS BRS Total
TDD - 12 - - - - - - 50 62
FDD - 2×28 2×25 2×65 2×45 2×25 2×20 2×15 2×70 2×293
Total - 68 50 130 90 50 40 30 190 648
* Amount made available per region
Mid-band spectrum
No mid-band spectrum is currently available for commercial mobile services in Canada.
141 Abbreviations for spectrum bands: MBS (Mobile Broadband Service), Cell. (Cellular), PCS (Personal Communications
Service), AWS (Advanced Wireless Service), WCS (Wireless Communications Service), and BRS (Broadband Radio
Service.
142 See http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/eng/sf11333.html#s6.1, Table 1 and http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-
gst.nsf/eng/sf08748.html
Ref: 2015448-103 .
High-band spectrum
No high-band spectrum is currently available for commercial mobile services in Canada.143
On June 6, 2018, ISED published144 its spectrum outlook 2018–2022. This document categorizes
each band under discussion into one of three priority groups:
• Bands identified as “Priority 1”.145 These are planned for release between 2018 and 2022.146
• Bands identified as “Priority 2”.147 These bands could potentially be released between 2018 and
2022, subject to international developments such as WRC-19 and equipment availability.
• Bands identified as “Priority 3”. These will be regularly monitored by ISED during the period
2018 to 2022. Based on currently available information, there is uncertainty regarding the
international developments or potential equipment available for these bands.
The following subsections focus on Priority 1 bands.
Low-band spectrum
ISED has published multiple consultations148 on releasing spectrum in the 600MHz band. On March
28, 2018, a final licensing framework for the auction was published.149 The June 2018 spectrum
outlook confirmed that 2×35MHz in the 617–652/663–698MHz range will be auctioned in
March 2019, with 2×15MHz set aside for regional players and new entrants. On December 6, 2018,
ISED published150 a list of applicants for the auction.
143 Mid-band spectrum was auctioned for FWA between 2004 and 2009; it is currently not licensed for mobile applications
and is largely held by Inukshuk (a joint venture owned by Bell and Rogers) in most urban markets. See
https://assets.ctfassets.net/rz9m1rynx8pv/30cPueYwwUSuysoSSeE6oe/4bc06c10c67a516f4ff77e2ef72bb0d7/TEL
US_2017_annual_report-for_online.pdf
144 See http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/eng/sf11403.html
145 These are generally bands that have established international standards, and for which equipment is available or is
expected to be available. In some cases, work to make these bands available in Canada is already underway.
146 For bands identified as Priority 2, ISED expects to begin work (e.g. policy or technical standard development, review
of existing and potential uses and/or international coordination) between 2018 and 2022. These bands could
potentially be released between 2018 and 2022, subject to international developments such as WRC-19 and
equipment availability. Bands identified as Priority 3 will be regularly monitored by ISED during the period 2018 to
2022. Based on currently available information, there is uncertainty regarding the international developments or
potential equipment available for these bands.
147 For bands identified as Priority 2, ISED expects to begin work (e.g. policy or technical standard development, review
of existing and potential uses and/or international coordination) between 2018 and 2022.
148 Most recently, a consultation was run between August 2017 and October 2017. See http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-
gst.nsf/eng/sf11316.html
Ref: 2015448-103 .
In addition to the 600MHz band, the 1500/1600MHz151 Ancillary Terrestrial Component (ATC)
bands are also classified as Priority 1. ISED will initiate a review in late 2019, with a view to
enabling further use of these bands where possible.
Mid-band spectrum
The 3450–3650MHz range is considered to be Priority 1 and is scheduled to be auctioned in late

2020. The 3650–4200MHz range is also discussed by ISED, but this is considered to be Priority 2.
A specific consultation152 on these two bands was released in June 2018.
High-band spectrum
A number of mm-wave bands153 are considered to be Priority 1 for mobile use:154
• 26GHz (26.5–27.5GHz155): ISED aims to release this band for 5G by 2020. A specific
consultation156 on this band was released in June 2017.
• 28GHz (27.5–28.35GHz) and 37–40GHz bands: ISED expects to release these bands for flexible
fixed and mobile use in late 2021.
• 64–71GHz: ISED expects to release this band for license-exempt use in late 2021.
High-frequency Priority 2 bands for mobile use157 are 24.25–26.5GHz, 40–43.5GHz, 45.5–
50.2GHz, and 50.4–52.6GHz.
151 I.e. 1525–1559/1626.5–1660.5MHz (1550MHz) and 1610.5–1626.5/2483.5–2500MHz (1600MHz). These bands are
currently used for MSS in Canada.
152 See https://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/eng/sf11401.html
153 Prior to the spectrum outlook 2018–2020, ISED published its “Consultation on Releasing Millimetre Wave Spectrum
to Support 5G” in June 2017. See https://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/eng/sf11298.html
154 ISED expects to release the 32GHz (31.8–33.4GHz) band for backhaul use in late 2019 (Priority 1). 70GHz (71–
76GHz) and 80GHz (81–86GHz) are also considered as Priority 1 bands for backhaul, with potential release in mid-
2020, following a consultation on the conditions of the license.
155 The 24GHz band (24.25–26.5GHz) is discussed separately and considered to be Priority 2.
156 ‘Addendum to the Consultation on Releasing Millimetre Wave Spectrum to Support 5G’. See
https://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/eng/sf11399.html
157 ISED lists the following mm-wave bands as Priority 2:
(1) Extended 23GHz (21.2–21.8GHz and 22.4–23GHz) for potential backhaul use.
(2) 24GHz (24.25–26.5GHz). ISED will “continue to monitor... developments to determine when, and for which
services, these bands should be made available”.
(3) 40–43.5GHz, 45.5–50.2GHz, and 50.4–52.6GHz. ISED will “continue to monitor... developments to determine
when, and for which services, these bands should be made available”.
Non-backhaul use of the 32GHz, 70GHz, and 80GHz bands is considered to be Priority 3 along with bands >95GHz.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Figure B.5 outlines 5G commercial deployment plans announced by the major MNOs in Canada:
Figure B.5: Announcements of 5G deployment plans by major MNOs in Canada [Source: MNO press releases]

• On April 16, 2018, Rogers announced158 a ‘multi-year network’ 5G network
deployment plan in partnership with Ericsson, however specific details were not
provided
• On September 20, 2018, Rogers and the University of British Columbia (UBC)
Rogers
announced159 a three-year partnership to build a 5G testbed on the UBC campus; 5G-
ready network equipment and infrastructure will be deployed from early 2019. Rogers
also stated that it is continuing to upgrade its 4.5G network with “the latest 5G-ready
technology to be ready for 5G commercial deployment in 2020”.
Bell • No explicit 5G commercial launch dates publicly announced
• On June 23, 2017, Telus announced160 a successful ‘Wireless-to-the-Premise (WTTx)’
(i.e. FWA) 5G pilot in partnership with Huawei, using spectrum at 28GHz. The pilot was
part of Telus’s and Huawei’s 5G ‘Living Lab’ in Vancouver. Telus stated: “5G wireless
Telus technology is expected to become commercially available beginning in 2020, however,
TELUS customers living in the Vancouver area will have early access to some of the most
cutting-edge wireless technologies in the world thanks to advancements made at the 5G
Living Lab”.
As described in our previous report, CRC (in collaboration with the National Research Council of
Canada and GGI Solutions) has been working on 5G technology since 2014 161 and began
demonstrations in 2017.
In March 2018, the Canadian Minister of ISED announced162 a joint investment between the
government and industry on 5G, known as the ‘ENCQOR’ project. ENCQOR163 is a
CAD400 million (USD300 million) project to “establish the first Canadian pre-commercial corridor
of 5G digital infrastructure”, with a particular focus on providing access to 5G networks to SMEs,
researchers, and academia. The five-year project is funded by five private partners (Ericsson, Ciena,
Thales, IBM Canada, and CGI), contributing a total of CAD200 million, and the governments of
Canada, Ontario, and Quebec (contributing CAD66.7 million each).
158 See https://about.rogers.com/2018/04/16/rogers-ericsson-partner-bring-5g-canadians/

159 See https://about.rogers.com/2018/09/20/rogers-ubc-ink-multi-year-agreement-build-5g-hub-vancouver/
160 See https://www.telus.com/en/about/news-and-events/media-releases/successful-5g-pilot-places-canada-at-the-
forefront-of-global-wireless
161 See http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/069.nsf/eng/00083.html
162 See https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2018/03/strategic-innovation-
fundencqor-investment.html
163 Evolution of Networked Services through a Corridor in Quebec and Ontario for Research and Innovation (ENCQOR).
See http://www.encqor.ca/faq/
Ref: 2015448-103 .
On June 22, 2018, as part of the ENCQOR initiative, Quebec announced164 plans to launch two “5G
innovation hubs” in Fall 2018 in Quebec City’s Metro High Tech Park.
B.2.5 Outlook
Our 5G outlook/assessment for Canada is summarized in Figure B.6 below.
Figure B.6: 5G outlook for Canada [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]

• 648MHz of spectrum currently released 4/4
2. Low-band spectrum
• Auction of 235MHz in 600MHz band scheduled for 2019
• No mid-band spectrum currently released
0/4
3. Mid-band spectrum • 3450–3650MHz band to be released in 2020; further ranges
being consulted on
• 26.5–27.5GHz to be awarded in 2020; 27.5–28.35GHz and 1/4
4. High-band spectrum
37–40GHz to be awarded in 2021. Other bands are also under
consideration
• Strong in low-band (with 600MHz auction expected soon), but 1/4
5. Total spectrum
behind in mid and high bands
6. National
• Public-private partnership established in which government 2/4
strategies/government
and industry will invest USD300 million into 5G trials
support
164 See https://quebec.encqor.ca/en/new-5g-innovation-hubs-will-be-launched-in-montreal-and-quebec-city/
Ref: 2015448-103 .
B.3 China
The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) is responsible for radiocommunication
regulation in China. The State Radio Regulation of China (SRRC) is a specialized technical agency of
MIIT responsible for radio monitoring and spectrum management. Government policy is to support both
the development of 5G technological specifications and the commercial deployment of 5G networks
through a range of policies and initiatives, including government support for technology research and
network development. These include the ‘Made in China 2025’ plan and the 13th Five Year Plan, which
aims for a commercial launch of 5G services by 2020.165 MIIT has confirmed the use of the 3.3–3.6GHz
and 4.8–5.0GHz ranges for 5G, and is conducting tests in a number of mm-wave bands. Each of China’s
three MNOs have announced plans for commercial 5G launch in 2020. 5G test licenses in the 3.4–
3.6GHz and 4.5–4.9GHz bands have been issued. China Mobile was assigned licenses in the 2515–
2675MHz and 4.8–4.9GHz bands, while China Telecom and China Unicom received licenses in the
3.4–3.5GHz and 3.5–3.6GHz bands respectively. The National Development and Reform
Commission (NDRC) in China has also announced the standard per MHz fee has been reduced for
5G licenses, and will be waived completely for the first three years of issue (and not reach the full
rate until seven years after licenses have been issued).
Low-band spectrum
mobile services in China.
Figure B.7: Current low-band spectrum holdings of MNOs in China, MHz [Source: MIIT,166 APT167]
MNO 450 700 850 900 1400 1800 1900 2100 2300 2600 Total
China Unicom – – – 12 – 60 – 50 20 – 142
China Mobile – – – 40 – 50 50 – 50 160* 350
China Telecom – – 20 – – 30 – 40 ** – 90
Total – – 20 52 – 140 50 90 70 100 582
* 160MHz (2515–2675MHz) in the 2.6GHz band has been assigned as a 5G test license to China Mobile; this replaces
all previous MNO assignments in the 2.6GHz band. See below for further details
**Some reports indicate that China Telecom also holds 20MHz of 2.3GHz spectrum (2370–2390MHz)168
Note: the 1900MHz band includes 3GPP band 39 as well as 3GPP bands 33 and 34.
165 See https://5g-ppp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Opening-1_Qian-Hang.pdf. Wording taken from GSMA and

CAICT’s report: ‘5G in China: Outlook and regional comparisons’ published in 2017. The 13 th Five-year plan (2016–
2020) can be found at http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146295/n1652858/n1652930/n3757016/c5465203/content.html. The
‘Made in China 2025’ plan can be downloaded from http://www.cbbc.org/mic2025/
166 See https://5g-ppp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/03_9-Nov_Session-2_Chang-Ruoting-1.pdf
168 E.g. see http://www.gtigroup.org/Special/4G/Latest/2013-12-26/1922.html/. However, this is not included in MIIT’s
September 2017 report (see below).
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Mid-band spectrum
On December 10, 2018, MIIT announced169 that it had issued 5G test licenses to each of the
incumbent MNOs. China Mobile was assigned licenses in the 2515–2675MHz and 4.8–4.9GHz
bands,170 while China Telecom and China Unicom received licenses in the 3.4–3.5GHz and 3.5–
3.6GHz bands respectively.171
High-band spectrum
No high-band spectrum is currently available for commercial mobile services in China.
Low-band spectrum
A total of 687MHz of low-band IMT spectrum has currently been planned for mobile in China, of
which 522MHz has already been awarded for use (as shown in Figure B.7 above). The spectrum yet
to be assigned consists of a further 10MHz in the 1800MHz band, 5MHz in the 1900MHz band,
30MHz in the 2100MHz band, 30MHz in the 2.3GHz band, and 30MHz in the 2.6GHz band.172 We
are not aware of an official timeline for the release of this spectrum, however we note that on
December 10, 2018, MIIT issued173 a 5G test license in the 2.6GHz band to China Mobile.
There has also been some discussion over the award of 700MHz spectrum in China;174 we are not
aware of official details regarding the release of spectrum in the 700MHz band.
169 See http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146285/n1146352/n3054355/n3057735/n3057743/c6534379/content.html

170 China Mobile already has a license in the 2575–2635MHz range. The nationwide 5G test license lasts until June 30,
2020. We understand that China Telecom and China Unicom will stop using the 2555–2575MHz and 2635–2655MHz
bands by March 31, 2019, and the range will be refarmed by MIIT. See:
https://www.chinamobileltd.com/en/file/view.php?id=204725
https://www.telecompaper.com/news/china-awards-5g-trial-spectrum-for-35-ghz-26-ghz-48-ghz-bands--1272639
171 See https://www.4gltemall.com/blog/tag/china-telecom-5g-frequency-band/
172 See ‘Radio Spectrum Management in China’, Bureau of Radio Regulation, MIIT, September 11, 2017
173 See http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146285/n1146352/n3054355/n3057735/n3057743/c6534379/content.html
174 For a discussion of 700MHz spectrum in China, see https://www.fiercewireless.com/wireless/china-issues-plan-to-
use-3300-3600-mhz-4800-5000-mhz-for-5g https://www.fiercewireless.com/wireless/china-reserves-spectrum-for-
5g-says-more-low-band-frequencies-coming-report
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Mid-band spectrum
A presentation released175 in November 2016 states that “to enable business success of 5G eMBB
deployment” MIIT intends to make available more than 100MHz of additional spectrum per operator
in the ‘medium’ frequency range.
In June 2017, MIIT released176 a consultation on using spectrum in the 3.3–3.6GHz and 4.8–5.0GHz
ranges for 5G technologies, with the 3.3–3.4GHz range limited to indoor use. These ranges were
confirmed in a subsequent announcement177 in November 2017, with MIIT adding that it would not
approve any further fixed or satellite licenses in these bands. Reports further stated178 that China is
likely to assign the 3.6–4.2GHz range to 5G in the future.
As noted above, the 3.4–3.6GHz and 4.8–4.9GHz ranges were assigned as test licenses in
December 2019. We are not aware of further details regarding the approach and timing of the release
of the 3.3–3.4GHz and 4.9–5.0GHz bands, however reports have suggested that license awards are
expected to take place in 2019/20.179
High-band spectrum
The November 2016 presentation referred to above also states MIIT’s intention to make available
2GHz of spectrum per operator in the 24.25–43.5GHz range.
MIIT approved180 two mm-wave bands (24.75–27.5GHz and 37–42.5GHz) for research and testing
in July 2017 and has stated181 that it will continue to consider more bands (both low and high
frequency) for 5G development. We are not aware of an official timeline for the spectrum release.
Figure B.8 outlines 5G commercial deployment plans announced by the major MNOs in China:
175 Ibid. The presentation also references the 4.4–4.5GHz range for 5G. See also ‘Radio Spectrum Management in
China’, Bureau of Radio Regulation, MIIT, September 11, 2017
176 See https://www.fiercewireless.com/wireless/china-reserves-spectrum-for-5g-says-more-low-band-frequencies-
coming-report. We understand that MIIT also sought comment on non-exclusive use of the 24.75-27.5GHz and 37-
42.5GHz bands in June 2017; see https://www.qualcomm.com/media/documents/spectrum-4g-and-5g
177 See http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146295/n1652858/n1652930/n3757020/c5907905/content.html
http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146290/n4388791/c5906943/content.html,
http://www.caict.ac.cn/xwdt/hyxw/201711/t20171115_2214806.htm and http://www.srrc.org.cn/en/news3434.aspx
178 See http://www.atimes.com/article/china-reserves-spectrum-5g-services/
179 See http://www.scmp.com/tech/china-tech/article/2075179/china-mobile-targets-steady-build-out-5g-infrastructure-
2018. Note that this source also references spectrum allocation in the 4.5GHz band.
180 See http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146295/n1652858/n1653100/n3767755/c5677054/content.html and
http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146290/n1146402/n1146440/c5730538/content.html
181 See http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146290/n4388791/c5906943/content.html
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Figure B.8: Announcements of 5G deployment plans by major MNOs in China [Source: MNO press releases]

• At the Global Mobile Broadband Forum in November 2017, China Mobile stated182 that
it aimed to have 10,000 5G base stations in commercial deployment in 2020
• On February 12, 2018, news reports stated183 that China Mobile, in partnership with
vendor VIAVI, was aiming to accelerate 5G launch and introduce 5G services by the
end of 2019
China
• On July 10, 2018, after completing a 5G trial with Huawei and Intel, China Mobile
Mobile
announced184 that it “will release the first version of its 5G commercial product
requirements this year and launch the first pre-commercial terminals in 2019”
• In November 2018, China Mobile launched its ‘5G terminal pioneer’ program under
which185 the operator will “launch 5G smartphones in the first half of 2019, as part of
the push for 5G pre-commercial trials in 2019 and commercialization by 2020”.
• In August 2018, China Unicom launched186 its ‘NEXT 5G’ initiative, under which the MNO
will build 300 5G base stations in Beijing in 2018 (for pilot commercialization and testing).
China
China Unicom also announced plans to pilot 5G technology in Tianjin, Qingdao,
Unicom
Hangzhou, Nanjing, Wuhan, Guiyang, Chengdu, Shenzhen, Fuzhou, Zhengzhou, and
Shenyang.
• On December 11, 2017, reports187 stated that China Telecom had deployed a new 5G
base station in Lanzhou, expanding its pilot project for 5G networks to six cities
• China Telecom previously announced plans to ‘run laboratory and networks tests’ until
China
the end of 2018, before commencing pre-commercialization of 5G technology in 2019.
Telecom
Commercial launch is targeted for 2020.188 We understand that China Telecom has tested
5G technology in large urban areas including Shenzhen, Shanghai, Suzhou, and
Chengdu.
In February 2013, three Chinese government ministries189 established the IMT-2020 Promotion
Group to promote 5G research in China.
As described in our previous report, in addition to MNO trials, MIIT has conducting several of its
own 5G tests. On January 7, 2016, the Ministry launched190 a trial to assess the compatibility
182 See https://www.lightreading.com/mobile/5g/china-mobile-to-deploy-10000-5g-basestations-by-2020/d/d-id/738307

183 See http://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/china-mobile-research-institute-enlists-viavi-to-support-
introduction-of-5g-service-1002078175
In January 2018, VIAVI stated that: “in order to realize China Mobile's vision of introducing 5G service by the end of
2019, principal technologies including Slicing Packet Network (SPN) for transport must be standardized by the ITU-
T. We have advanced our test technology to meet this objective, and our solutions are ready to support the China
Mobile ecosystem of partners to deliver interoperable network infrastructure”.
184 See https://www.techradar.com/uk/news/china-mobile-intel-and-huawei-complete-5g-interoperability-testing
185 See http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201811/24/WS5bf8ab2da310eff30328acbe.html
186 See https://seekingalpha.com/news/3384962-china-unicom-promises-300-beijing-5g-bases-year
187 See https://www.rcrwireless.com/20171211/5g/china-telecom-adds-5g-testing-sites-tag23
188 See https://www.rcrwireless.com/20180821/5g/china-unicom-build-300-5g-base-stations-beijing-year
189 The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT), the National Development and Reform Commission
(NDRC) and the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST). See http://www.imt-2020.org.cn/en
190 See https://5g-ppp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/03_9-Nov_Session-2_Chang-Ruoting-1.pdf
Ref: 2015448-103 .
between 5G IMT in the 3.4–3.6GHz band and FSS in the 3.6–4.2GHz bands. MIIT is also
conducting191 compatibility studies in other WRC-19 AI 1.13 bands, such as 25.25–27.5GHz
(between IMT and ISS) and 37–42.5GHz.192 MIIT policy schedules MNO 5G research and
development into ‘phases’ prior to commercial launch in 2020.193
Government policy is to support both the development of 5G technological specifications and the
commercial deployment of 5G networks through a range of policies and initiatives, including
government support for technology research and network development. These include the ‘Made in
China 2025’ plan and the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016–2020), which aim for a commercial launch of 5G
services by 2020.194,195
As described in Annex B.3.2, in December 2018, MIIT announced that it had issued mid-band 5G
test licenses to each of the incumbent MNOs. The National Development and Reform Commission
(NDRC) has announced196 significant reductions in spectrum fees (for 5G mobile licensees) in this
band. The standard per-MHz fee has been reduced, and will be waived completely for the first three
years of issue (and not reach the full rate until seven years after licenses have been issued).
B.3.5 Outlook
Our 5G outlook/assessment for China is summarized in Figure B.9 below.
Figure B.9: 5G outlook for China [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]

1. Industry commitment 2/4
• All MNOs to launch to launch large-scale services in 2020
to 5G launch
• A total of 687MHz has been planned for award
3. Mid-band spectrum
• A total of 500MHz is expected to be released by 2020
3/4
4. High-band spectrum • 2GHz per MNO to be awarded in 24.75–27.5GHz and 37–
42.5GHz bands
191 Ibid. MIIT is also conducting LTE-V2X trials in the 5.9GHz band in Shanghai, Chongqing and other locations.
192 See http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146295/n1652858/n1653100/n3767755/c5677054/content.html and
http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146290/n1146402/n1146440/c5730538/content.html
193 See https://5g-ppp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Opening-1_Qian-Hang.pdf. See also news releases from the
CAICT.
194 See https://5g-ppp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Opening-1_Qian-Hang.pdf. Wording taken from GSMA and
CAICT’s report: ‘5G in China: Outlook and regional comparisons’ published in 2017. The 13th five-year plan (2016–
2020) can be found at http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146295/n1652858/n1652930/n3757016/c5465203/content.html. The
‘Made in China 2025’ plan can be downloaded from http://www.cbbc.org/mic2025/
195 For a recent report providing further details of government policy to support 5G in China, see
https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/ey-china-is-poised-to-win-the-5g-race-en/$FILE/ey-china-is-poised-to-
win-the-5g-race-en.pdf
196 See http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/gzdt/201804/t20180424_883233.html
Ref: 2015448-103 .

• Strong in mid-band (100MHz assigned to each MNO); large
5. Total spectrum amount of high-band spectrum planned, but timing not 4/4
confirmed
6. National
• ‘13th Five-Year Plan’ aims for commercial 5G launch by 2020 4/4
• MIIT has also published a ‘5G promotion plan’ for 2013–2020
support
Ref: 2015448-103 .
B.4 France
ARCEP is the telecommunications regulator in France, with responsibility for spectrum policy and
management. The Agence Nationale des Fréquences (ANFR) is responsible for spectrum assignment
and licensing. ARCEP has announced plans to release 300MHz of contiguous C-band spectrum for 5G
in 2019, useable from 2020 onwards, and 340MHz (3460–3800MHz) by 2026. Having already awarded
2×30MHz of paired spectrum in the European 700MHz band, which can be used for 5G, the regulator
has also consulted on allocating a further 700MHz unpaired block, as well as spectrum in the 2.3GHz
and 26GHz bands. A progressive release of mm-wave spectrum is planned: the 26.5–27.5GHz
portion of the 26GHz band will be assigned in 2020, while the 24.5–26.5GHz band is planned for
release after the migration of fixed radio links. Bouygues Telecom and SFR have conducted a number
of 5G trials, with Bouygues explicitly stating that it expects to roll out commercial services in 2020 and
SFR in 2021. The Orange Group also announced in December 2018 that it will roll out 5G technology
in seventeen European cities across Belgium, Spain, France, Luxembourg, Poland, and Romania as it
prepares for 5G commercial services to be available in 2020.
Low-band spectrum
mobile services in France.
Figure B.10: Current low-band spectrum holdings of MNOs in France, MHz [Source: ARCEP197]
MNO 450 700 800 900 1400 1800 1900* 2100 2300 2600 Total
Orange – 10 20 20 – 40 – 39.2 – 40 179.2
SFR – 10 20 20 – 40 – 39.6 – 30 159.6
Bouygues – 10 20 19.6 – 40 – 29.6 – 30 149.2
Free – 20 – 10 – 30 – 10 – 40 110
Total – 60 60 69.6 – 150 – 118.4 – 140 598
Note: the proportion of the 900MHz and 2100MHz bands which is held by the different MNOs will change from
March 2021 and August 2021 respectively.198
197 See https://www.arcep.fr/uploads/tx_gspublication/consult-frequences-terr-entreprises-5G-innov_01.pdf

198 In early 2018, the French government announced plans for renewing MNOs’ licenses in the 900MHz, 1800MHz, and
2100MHz bands. On October 23, 2018, ARCEP issued a decision stating how the spectrum holdings of the MNOs
would be rebalanced over time, to accompany the license renewals. Eventually both the 900MHz and 2100MHz bands
will be split equally between the four MNOs. See https://www.arcep.fr/actualites/le-fil-dinfos/detail/n/new-deal-mobile-
3.html
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Mid-band spectrum
No mid-band spectrum is currently available for commercial mobile services in France, although a
number of test licenses have been issued in the 3.4–3.8GHz band (further details are provided in the
sub-section on government strategy).
40MHz at 3420–3460MHz199 is currently available for FWA in specific geographical areas200,201

(with an additional 10MHz at 3410–3420MHz in certain areas, depending on coexistence
constraints). This spectrum is technology neutral, though it is expected to be used for LTE. On
May 25, 2018, ARCEP announced202 that Covage subsidiary Sem@for77 became the first operator
to be allocated spectrum in the 3410–3460MHz band for regional FWA (in the Seine-et-Marne
region).
High-band spectrum
No high-band spectrum is currently available for commercial mobile services in France.
Low-band spectrum
ARCEP plans203 to assign the 2.6GHz TDD band (2570–2620MHz) to private mobile radio (PMR).
ARCEP’s public consultation on 5G, published204 on October 26, 2018, states that “ARCEP is
currently analyzing and drafting the final document specifying the assignment approach [for the
2.6GHz TDD band]”.
ARCEP previously ran a public consultation205 on new spectrum for 5G from January to
March 2017. This focused on the 2.6GHz TDD and 3.4–3.8GHz bands, but also discussed the
following bands:
199 The entire 3420–3460MHz range is not available in all departments. See https://www.arcep.fr/index.php?id=13756
200 I.e. areas not covered by FTTH deployments (the purpose of assigning the spectrum for FWA is to boost high-speed
connectivity in France). Operators can apply for a license within a particular department, but coverage is only permitted
in areas not covered by FTTH. For example, in the Seine-et-Marne department, operator Sem@for77 is licensed to
cover 142 communes representing 33% of the total area of the department.
See https://www.arcep.fr/fileadmin/reprise/dossiers/thd-radio/FichesSynthese/Fiche_77__Semafor77.pdf
201 A consultation on FWA spectrum was published on July 13, 2017, and a document outlining the assignment approach
on December 11, 2017. As of March 2018, players are able to request regional FWA licenses from the regulator. See:
https://www.arcep.fr/uploads/tx_gspublication/consult-attribution-THD_radio-juil2017.pdf
https://www.arcep.fr/uploads/tx_gspublication/modalites_attribution_THD_radio-dec2017.pdf
https://www.arcep.fr/?id=7108
202 See https://www.arcep.fr/index.php?id=13756
203 See https://www.arcep.fr/uploads/tx_gspublication/consult-attrib-freqc-2-6GHz-thd-mobile-pro-mars2018.pdf
204 See https://www.arcep.fr/uploads/tx_gspublication/consultation-attribution_frequences_5G-2610178.pdf
205 See https://www.arcep.fr/uploads/tx_gspublication/consult-frequences-terr-entreprises-5G-innov.pdf
Ref: 2015448-103 .
• 700MHz SDL band. 700MHz FDD spectrum (703–733MHz and 758–788MHz) was auctioned
by ARCEP in December 2015. The consultation asks whether there is demand for the
unallocated spectrum in the 700MHz band, in particular four 5MHz blocks at 738–753MHz.
The consultation states that ARCEP has no plans to assign this spectrum before June 1, 2019
(which is when PMSE should have released the band).
• 400MHz band (380–399.9MHz, 406.1–430MHz, and 440–470MHz). The consultation notes

that, in accordance with CEPT discussions “work is well underway to assess the possibility of
assigning authorizations for use of wider frequency bands, which [would] allow the introduction
of the LTE in the 400MHz band.”
• L-band.206 ARCEP notes that the central 40MHz portion of the L-band (1452–1492MHz) is
more readily accessible than the remaining 51MHz (1427–1452MHz and 1492–1518MHz),
which is currently used by the MoD and infrastructure links. Most recently, the October 2018
public consultation207 on 5G envisaged assigning L-band spectrum at the same time as the 3.4-
3.8GHz and 26GHz bands (see below).208
• 2.3GHz band. ARCEP notes that the “assignment in this band depends on the needs of the
MoD, and to date appears unlikely”.209
Mid-band spectrum
In the 2017 public consultation on new spectrum for 5G (referred to above), ARCEP confirmed its
intention to allocate 300MHz of contiguous C-band spectrum for 5G by 2020, and 340MHz210
(3460–3800MHz) by 2026.
On June 9, 2018, ARCEP published211 an official notice regarding the release schedule for the 3.4–
3.6GHz band. The notice states that the band will be progressively vacated (by department) of
incumbent wireless backhaul links (used by the Ministry of Internal Affair’s PPDR network) by
March 1, 2020, at the latest.
206 ARCEP ran a specific consultation on the L-band between July and September 2018. See:
https://www.arcep.fr/uploads/tx_gspublication/consult-5g-bande-L-juil2018.pdf
207 The consultation states that, to date, the 1452–1492MHz range will be free by 2020, and that work is underway to
define a radio-relay migration schedule in the bands 1427–1452MHz and 1492–1517MHz (currently allocated to the
MoD), with potential availability from 2023.
208 This therefore raises the possibility of a progressive release of the L-band (i.e. the central 40MHz range is assigned
first, followed by the 1427–1452MHz and 1492–1517MHz ranges).
209 Between 2014 and 2016, ARCEP granted the Telecom Platform Association and the Red company permission to use
the 2.3GHz band experimentally.
210 390MHz in certain locations.
211 See https://www.arcep.fr/uploads/tx_gsavis/18-0538.pdf
Ref: 2015448-103 .
The October 2018 public consultation on 5G states that ARCEP has begun working with incumbent
licensees in the 3.4–3.8GHz band, with a view to making spectrum available for 5G.212 The
consultation states that an assignment of 3.4–3.8GHz spectrum is envisaged for mid-2019. Two
possible assignment approaches are consulted on: (1) assigning the entire 3.4–3.8GHz band in 2019,
with certain parts only being available from 2026; (2) only assigning spectrum which will be
available from 2020 at an auction in 2019, and assigning the remaining spectrum at a later date.
Most recently, on January 30, 2019, a government minister reportedly213 stated that the auction was
expected to take place at the start of 2020.
High-band spectrum
ARCEP ran a public consultation214 on the release of the 26GHz (24.25–27.5GHz) band from May
to June 2018.215
The October 2018 public consultation on 5G states that, following the 26GHz consultation, ARCEP
will not assign new PtP links in the 26GHz band beyond December 31, 2023. The consultation
further states that a progressive release of the band is planned: the 26.5–27.5GHz band (currently
used by the MoD) will be assigned in 2020, while the 24.5–26.5GHz band is planned for release
after the migration of radio links. The 24.25–24.5GHz range will also potentially be available for
5G in the future, provided that interference with satellites can be managed.
Figure B.11 outlines 5G commercial deployment plans announced by the major MNOs in France:
212 Before 2026, without any redevelopment (i.e. as of end-2018) 220MHz would be available for 5G in the 3.4–3.8GHz
band. However, in the case of redevelopment, 280–340MHz could be assigned to 5G. The 3.4–3.8GHz band is
currently used by various operators: (i) Regional FWA [THD] operators in the 3410–3460MHz band. ARCEP is issuing
licenses in this band until the end of 2019, (ii) Regional WiMAX operators [BLR] in the 3410–3580MHz band, (iii) Other
(regional) spectrum holders: Bollore Telecom and SHD, (iv) satellite users in the 3.7–3.8GHz band, with licenses up
to 2023.
Incumbent licences expire by 2026 at the latest. After 2026, there will be a need for a 10–20MHz guard band to avoid
interference from radars below 3.4GHz.
213 See http://www.lefigaro.fr/secteur/high-tech/2019/01/30/32001-20190130ARTFIG00316-le-gouvernement-donne-le-
coup-d-envoi-a-la-5g.php. The Minister is reported as saying “the government will fix the political framework in spring
[2019]. ARCEP will then establish the specific requirements, which will be certified in autumn [2019]…The auction will
then be launched with attributions at the start of 2020”.
214 See https://www.arcep.fr/uploads/tx_gspublication/consultation-publique-bande-26GHz_5G-mai2018.pdf. ARCEP
also discussed the 26GHz band in the 2017 consultation on 5G.
215 On July 30, 2018, ARCEP announced that it had received 13 responses to the 26GHz consultation. ARCEP stated
that “some players consider that the first 5G deployments should be limited to the last gigahertz of the band (26.5–
27.5GHz) due to the availability of equipment”. ARCEP said it would consult with the military (user of the 26.5–
27.5GHz range) for this band to be transferred to ARCEP. “To prepare for the arrival of 5G in the rest of the band,
ARCEP will study with the actors the conditions for migration of radio links and plans to limit the duration of new
authorizations to a maximum until December 31, 2023”.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Figure B.11: Announcements of 5G deployment plans by major MNOs in France [Source: MNO press releases]

• Orange has stated216 that it “expects capital expenditure to peak in 2018 or 2019, as
[it] prepares for the introduction of 5G”. The company produced217 a 5G position
paper in May 2017 which anticipates that European MNOs will launch 5G commercial
networks “from 2020”
• Orange’s website currently states218 that it will “pilot 5G tests in areas already
authorized by ARCEP… From 2018, in the cities of Lille, Douai, Marseille, Châtillon on
the Orange Gardens site and on the Linas-Monthléry circuit. In 2019, in the Paris
Orange
Opera district”
• On December 12, 2018, Orange Group stated219 that “5G is gradually being deployed
on existing 4G sites. It will be installed in 17 European cities [Belgium, France,
Luxembourg, Poland, Romania and Spain220] in 2019 and ready for commercial
release in 2020, so long as enough 5G smartphones are available”. We understand221
that customers in the 17 cities will be able to experience 5G services in 2019, and that
the initial services will be mainly targeted at enterprise customers.
• On January 23, 2018, reports222 stated that SFR had begun conducting live 5G trials
in Nantes, with commercial services expected to be available for consumers in 2021
SFR
• Other recent reports223 (published in 2019) have indicated that SFR is aiming to
launch commercial services in 2020.
• On January 7, 2018, Bouygues issued224 a press release announcing the completion
of a 5G trial in Lyon. The announcement notes that this is the second city where
Bouygues has piloted 5G (following Bordeaux in July 2018), and that 11 5G sites
Bouygues have now been deployed. Reports225 stated that Bouygues is aiming to deploy
commercial services in 2020
• Bouygues’s website currently states226 that it is in the process of preparing to deploy
its 5G network, “which will be marketed in 2020”.
Free Mobile • No explicit 5G commercial launch dates publicly announced
216 See https://www.lightreading.com/mobile/5g/orange-sees-peak-capex-in-2018-19-ups-2017-guidance/d/d-id/733295

217 See https://www.orange.com/en/news/2017/Juillet/5G-a-mobile-revolution-of-the-future
218 See https://reseaux.orange.fr/5g-deploiement
219 See https://www.orange-business.com/en/press/orange-presents-major-innovations-focused-digital-inclusion-show-
hello
220 See https://www.lightreading.com/mobile/5g/eurobites-orange-preps-5g-launch-in-17-european-cities/d/d-id/748227
221 See https://www.rcrwireless.com/20181214/5g/orange-launch-5g-17-european-cities-next-year
222 See https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/societe/alain-weill-patron-de-sfr-les-nantais-seront-parmi-les-premiers-servis-en-
france-pour-l-internet-5g-1548164881
223 See https://www.sdxcentral.com/articles/news/bouygues-telecom-signals-5g-progress-as-france-gets-its-ducks-in-
line/2019/01/
224 See http://www.bouygues.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/20190107_cp_bouygues-telecom-passe-un-appel-5g-
en-conditions-reelles-dans-les-rues-de-lyon-avec-un-des-premiers-terminaux-5g-disponibles.pdf
225 See https://www.sdxcentral.com/articles/news/bouygues-telecom-signals-5g-progress-as-france-gets-its-ducks-in-
line/2019/01/
226 See https://www.corporate.bouyguestelecom.fr/nos-activites/reseau-5g/
Ref: 2015448-103 .
As described in our previous report, ARCEP has actively encouraged industry players to conduct
5G (and LTE) testing. After awarding licenses for use of the 700MHz band in 2015, the regulator
has invited227 stakeholders to request spectrum for experimentation in the 2.6GHz and 3.4–3.6GHz
bands. In ARCEP’s June 2017 announcement (see above), the regulator encouraged industry players
to conduct 5G pilots. It nominated 80MHz (3600–3680MHz) of spectrum for that purpose, and
identified six cities where pilot projects could be carried out (Lyon, Nantes, Lille, Le Havre, Saint-
Etienne, and Grenoble).
On January 16, 2018, ARCEP formally opened a ‘5G pilot window’,228 inviting industry players to
apply for trial licenses with the objectives of:
• engaging all players across the 5G value chain in co-operation (new verticals as well as MNOs)
• assigning spectrum for 5G pilots, particularly in the 3.4–3.8GHz and 26GHz bands. (The
announcement notes that 3.4–3.8GHz spectrum is already available for 5G pilots in the six cities
mentioned above, but that those cities are ‘not exhaustive and may change’.229 Players interested
in deploying networks in other frequency ranges/areas are invited to contact ARCEP.)
• receiving initial feedback on the deployment of 5G networks. This feedback will help ARCEP
to prepare the procedure for awarding future 5G licenses.
We understand230 that the pilot licenses will last 18–24 months, and that pilot sites will consist of “a
few tens of towers representing a modest investment of a few million euros”. The first pilot licenses
were issued by ARCEP (in the 3.4–3.8GHz band) to Orange and Bouygues in February 2018.231
On July 16, 2018, ARCEP published232 a 5G roadmap, which lists the following four “priority
projects to make 5G a success”:
• free up and allocate radio frequencies

• foster the development of new uses
• support for 5G infrastructure roll-outs
• ensure transparency and dialog on roll-outs and the public’s exposure.
227 See
https://www.arcep.fr/index.php?id=8571&no_cache=1&tx_gsactualite_pi1%5buid%5d=1843&tx_gsactualite_pi1%5b
backID%5d=26&cHash=4b0291e929f616fc99ac087b8f3e18c6
228 See
https://www.arcep.fr/index.php?id=8571&no_cache=0&tx_gsactualite_pi1[uid]=2119&tx_gsactualite_pi1[annee]=&tx
_gsactualite_pi1[theme]=&tx_gsactualite_pi1[motscle]=&tx_gsactualite_pi1[backID]=26&cHash=7a322a2c0239bb9c
53b8f95be9d7e7e2
229 The interview with ARCEP’s president (link below) states that there are nine pilot cities, with Bordeaux, Douai, and
Montpellier in addition to the six cities mentioned above.
230 See interview with ARCEP’s president at: https://www.usinenouvelle.com/article/neuf-sites-pilotes-pour-la-5g-en-
2018-2019-annonce-sebastien-soriano-president-de-l-arcep.N638013
231 See https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2018/03/02/arcep-issues-two-5g-trial-licences-
assigns-3-5ghz-spectrum-in-saint-martin
232 See https://www.arcep.fr/fileadmin/reprise/dossiers/programme-5G/Roadmap_5G_-_VA.pdf
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Under the infrastructure roll-out category, ARCEP notes that infrastructure deployment streamlining
measures have already been identified by the Housing, Planning and Digital Development bill (“loi
ELAN”) put forward by the Ministry of Territorial Cohesion, and the European Electronic
Communications Code. ARCEP and the government also plan on establishing a “best practices guide
to facilitate and accelerate the deployment of… future networks (e.g. regarding the terms governing
operators’ access to street furniture)”. ARCEP further states that it will also assess the feasibility
and opportunity to share small-cell networks, notably according to roll-out restrictions.
B.4.5 Outlook
Our 5G outlook/assessment for France is summarized in Figure B.12 below.
Figure B.12: 5G outlook for France [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]

1. Industry commitment • Two MNOs to launch 5G in 2019/2020; two MNOs have not 2/4
to 5G launch confirmed launch dates
2/4
2. Low-band spectrum • 700MHz unpaired and L-band spectrum for future potential
assignment
• No mid-band spectrum currently released 2/4
• 300MHz in the 3.4–3.8GHz band to be available by 2020
1/4
4. High-band spectrum • 1GHz in the 26GHz band to be awarded in 2020; remainder of
26GHz may also be assigned subsequently
• Strong in low-band (with 700MHz already assigned); mid- and 2/4
5. Total spectrum
high-band assignments scheduled by 2020
6. National • ARCEP’s 5G roadmap prioritizes providing support for 5G
strategies/government infrastructure roll-outs; some initial measures have already 2/4
support been adopted
Ref: 2015448-103 .
B.5 Germany
The Federal Network Agency (Bundesnetzagentur or BNetzA) is the regulatory authority for a number
of markets in Germany including telecommunications, and oversees the management and licensing of
radio spectrum. The market has a large amount of spectrum currently assigned for mobile use, including
the European 700MHz band, and L-band, as well as national and regional FWA spectrum licenses in the
3.4–3.6GHz range, all suited for 5G use. The regulator has announced plans to allocate the entire 3.4–
3.8GHz range to 5G in 2018, and an auction is being prepared. The regulator is also considering action
in the 700MHz unpaired block not awarded along with the paired blocks, as well as 26GHz, 28GHz, and
possibly other mm-wave bands. An auction of 300MHz of spectrum from 3400–3700MHz is scheduled
for Spring 2019, alongside award of 5G spectrum for regional/local use from 3700–3800MHz. Germany
MNOs are advanced in their 5G trials and deployment plans, with commercial services expected in 2020.
As well as MNO trials, a number of initiatives are stimulating the development of 5G technology,
including Germany’s ‘5G Lab’ and the ‘5G Berlin’ initiative.
Low-band spectrum
mobile services in Germany.
Figure B.13: Current low-band spectrum holdings of MNOs in Germany, MHz [Source: BNetzA233]
MNO 450 700** 800 900 1400 1800 1900* 2100 2300 2600 Total
Telefonica – 20 20 20 – 40 – 69.3 – 80 249.3
Vodafone – 20 20 20 20 50 – 29.7 – 65 224.7
Deutsche
Telekom – 20 20 30 20 60 – 19.8 – 45 214.8
(DT)
Total – 60 60 70 40 150 – 118.8 – 190 688.8
*Spectrum assigned in 3GPP bands 33 and 34 is excluded, since it is not used.
**The 700MHz band was auctioned for mobile in 2015, however we understand that it will not be available for use until 2019.
233 See
https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Inst
itutionen/Frequenzen/OffentlicheNetze/Mobilfunk/DrahtloserNetzzugang/Projekt2016/Frequenzen700bis1800_pdf.p
df?__blob=publicationFile&v=3
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Mid-band spectrum
Each of the three MNOs in Germany currently owns 2×21MHz of spectrum in the 3410–3473/3510–
3573MHz range on a nationwide basis;234,235 licenses are technology neutral but limited to FWA use
(i.e. not suitable for mobile) and expire in December 2021. Various regional FWA licenses have
also been assigned in the 3473–3594MHz and 3573–3594MHz ranges, expiring between 2020 and
2022.236
High-band spectrum
No high-band spectrum is currently available for commercial mobile services in Germany.
Low-band spectrum
BNetzA issued237,238 a 5G ‘Key Elements’ document on June 27, 2017, which identified the 738–
753MHz range for 5G. This range was not part of the 700MHz FDD auction in 2016 and is currently
used for PMSE services. The range is unpaired and could be used for TDD or SDL technology;
BNetzA states that it will be considered for auction at a later date.
234 Four 2×21MHz lots (3410–3494/3510–3594MHz) were made available for FWA in each of 28 regions at an auction
in 2006. The first lot was won by Clearwire (subsequently WiMee-Connect) in all regions. The second lot was won
by Inquam (subsequently WiMee Plus) in all regions. Telefónica subsequently acquired both operators. The third lot
was won by DBD in all regions. We understand that T-Mobile subsequently acquired DBD. See
https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/EN/Areas/Telecommunications/Companies/FrequencyManagement/Broadband
WirelessAccess/broadbandwirelessaccess_node.html
We note that BNetzA’s recent consultation states that one assignment holder holds licenses in the third lot in 27 out
of the 28 regions (as well as the fourth lot in the remaining region).
235 See
itutionen/Frequenzen/OffentlicheNetze/Mobilfunk/DrahtloserNetzzugang/Projekt2016/Frequenzen700bis1800_pdf.p
df?__blob=publicationFile&v=3
On February 21, 2018, Telefónica announced that it had sold half of its spectrum in the 3410–3452/3510–3552MHz
range (i.e. 2×21MHz) to Vodafone. See https://www.telefonica.de/fixed/news/6094/more-high-speed-for-germany-
vodafone-and-telefonica-deutschland-to-cooperate-over-fast-fibre-optic-connections-for-mobile-networks.html
236 These licenses were assigned on an individual basis. There are currently around 80 regional FWA assignments;
licensees are generally SMEs. The latest expiry date of these licenses is December 2022.
237 See
itutionen/Frequenzen/OffentlicheNetze/Mobilfunk/EckpunkteBedarfsermittlung.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2
238 This follows the ‘Frequency Compass’ and ‘Points of Orientation’ documents published in 2016.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Mid-band spectrum
BNetzA’s ‘Key Elements’ document also identified 400MHz in the 3.4–3.8GHz range for 5G.239 On
January 31, 2018, BNetzA published a draft decision,240 confirming its intention to auction 300MHz
in the 3400–3700MHz range for nationwide use, and to assign 100MHz in the 3700–3800MHz range
on a regional/local basis.
• 3.4–3.7GHz (nationwide use241)
On September 17, 2018, BNetzA published242 initial draft rules for the 3.4–3.7GHz auction,
followed by final draft rules243 on November 19, 2018. After approval from the Advisory
Council on November 26, 2018, the final rules were published,244 and BNetzA opened the
qualification procedure. The auction is scheduled to take place in Spring 2019, however we note
that all three German MNOs have registered opposition to the auction rules. In January 2019,
DT became the third MNO (following Vodafone and Telefonica) to sue245 BNetzA over the
auction rules, objecting to the proposed coverage obligations and competition conditions.
Despite this, on February 25, 2019, BNetzA stated246 that the auction was scheduled to begin on
March 19, 2019, and that the three MNOs (as well as MVNO Drillisch) had been approved to
participate.
239 Both the 2.1GHz and C-band spectrum will be technology neutral; licenses will expire on December 31, 2040.
240 See
https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Oe
ffentlicheNetze/Mobilfunknetze/mobilfunknetze-node.html
241 For an index of relevant documentation, see:
ffentlicheNetze/Mobilfunknetze/mobilfunknetze-node.html
242 See
https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/DE/Allgemeines/Presse/Reden/5GVergabebedinungen.pdf?__blob=publicationF
ile&v=2
243 The draft auction rules impose the following coverage obligations on licensees: a requirement to provide: (i) 98% of
households in each state with a minimum speed of 100Mbps, by end-2022; (ii) speeds of 100Mbps on main roads
and railway routes, by end-2022; (iii) speeds of 100Mbps to all other main roads, and speeds of 50Mbps to smaller
roads, railways, seaports, and the main waterways, by end-2024; (iv) 1000 5G base stations with a further 500 in
unserved rural areas (‘white spots'), by end-2022. See
https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2018/Entscheidungsentwurf.pdf?__blob=pu
blicationFile&v=2
244 See
https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/EN/2018/20181126_5G.html;jsessionid=B13E5
FA0598833285B53671E3DB1D42E
245 See, for example, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-deutsche-telekom-auction/deutsche-telekom-sues-german-
government-over-5g-auction-welt-idUSKCN1OV1ND
246 See
https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2019/2019025_Frequenzauktion.html?nn=2
65778
Ref: 2015448-103 .
• 3.7–3.8GHz (regional/local use247)
In September 2018, BNetzA published248 a separate consultation on the assignment of the 3700–
3800MHz range. BNetzA is proposing to make licenses available on an individual basis. To be
eligible, an applicant cannot hold nationwide licenses in the 700MHz or 3.4–3.7GHz bands. For
outdoor use, up to 80MHz (3700–3780MHz) will be available for regional use, and 20MHz
(3780–3800MHz) for local use. For (local) indoor use, up to 100MHz is to be made available
using a simplified assignment procedure. Local indoor use is to co-exist with regional outdoor
use.
High-band spectrum
BNetzA’s ‘Key Elements’ document considered frequencies in the 26GHz (24.25–27.5GHz),

28GHz (27.5–29.5GHz) and 32GHz (31.8–33.4GHz) ranges.249
In October 2018, BNetzA ran a public consultation on the assignment approach of the 26GHz band.
The consultation proposes an individual licensing arrangement: applicants can apply to install 5G
base stations in specific locations on a first-come, first-served (FCFS) basis. BNetzA will only
approve an application if it will not cause interference with incumbent licensees (PtP/PMP links and
FSS).250 Responses to the consultation were published251 on November 21, 2018.
Figure B.14 outlines 5G commercial deployment plans announced by the major MNOs in Germany:
247 For an index of relevant documentation, see

ffentlicheNetze/RegionaleNetze/regionalenetze-node.html;jsessionid=BF25AE9F175144A066383647398BD0F5
248 See
itutionen/Frequenzen/OffentlicheNetze/RegionaleNetze/Entwurf%20Antragsverfahren%203,7%20-
%203,8%20GHz.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2
249 In the ‘Key Elements’ document, BNetzA states that it plans to develop an application procedure for 5G use in these
bands, starting with the 26GHz band.
250 Furthermore:
>>Licenses will be technology and service neutral.
>>BNetzA does not propose the migration of existing PtP/PMP links in the 26GHz band, however it states that new
links should primarily use alternative bands (e.g. the 28GHz band). Current licenses in the 28GHz band expire on
December 31, 2020, and BNetzA is working on new assignment rules for the band. BNetzA is also investigating
whether the current frequency usage of links in the 26GHz can be optimized (e.g. due to concentration of links in
certain frequency sub-ranges).
>>5G licenses will be in multiples of 200MHz TDD blocks (up to 800MHz). In certain cases, 50MHz TDD blocks or
multiples thereof may be assigned.
>>Licenses will have a use-it-or-lose-it clause; spectrum must be in use within one year of assignment.
>>BNetzA is considering a “simplified approach” for indoor use.
251 See
ffentlicheNetze/RegionaleNetze/regionalenetze-node.html;jsessionid=BF25AE9F175144A066383647398BD0F5
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Figure B.14: Announcements of 5G deployment plans by major MNOs in Germany [Source: MNO press releases]

• On October 18, 2018, Telefonica and Samsung announced252 plans to conduct 5G
FWA trials. On February 15, 2019, Telefonica confirmed253 that the trials (using
spectrum in the 26GHz band) has been completed
Telefonica • On December 19, 2018, Telefonica and Nokia announced254 completion of the
construction of their ‘5G innovation cluster’ in Berlin involving several base stations to
be used to test 5G services in an urban environment. Reports255 indicated that the
MNO is targeting 2020 for commercial launch.
• On November 2, 2018, Vodafone announced256 that it had activated its first 5G mast in
Germany (in the city of Aldenhoven). Several automobile companies (e.GO, Audi, and
Continental) and Railway company Deutsche Bahn were named as Vodafone’s first 5G
partners
Vodafone
• Vodafone’s website currently states that it aims to launch 5G services for customers from 2020
• Vodafone Group has also announced a collaboration with IBM to progress its cloud
business and digital transformation, aided by 5G, artificial intelligence, edge and software-
defined networking.257
• On October 10, 2018, reports stated258 that DT would launch commercial 5G
operations in Germany in 2020, as long as enough commercial devices are available
• On October 11, 2018, DT announced an eight-point program for the development and
launch of 5G. DT stated: “by 2025, we will cover 99 percent of the population and 90
percent of the country with 5G”
Deutsche
• DT Is also working with Nokia and the Hamburg Port Authority to test industrial
Telekom
applications of 5G using network slicing259
(DT)
• It was also announced in October 2018 that DT and SK Telecom (Korea) were
strengthening an existing collaboration deal between the two operators on 5G, edge
computing, and IoT260
• On January 22, 2019, DT stated261 that over 50 5G antennas are already transmitting
in Berlin, and that it will set up additional 5G test areas in other German cities in 2019
252 See https://www.telefonica.de/fixed/news/6148/cooperation-on-alternative-broadband-technology-telefonica-

deutschland-and-samsung-test-5-g-fixed-wireless-access-in-germany.html
253 See https://www.telefonica.de/fixed/news/6191/conclusion-of-three-month-pilot-in-hamburg-5-g-fixed-wireless-
access-from-telefonica-deutschland-and-samsung-proves-successful.html
254 See https://www.nokia.com/about-us/news/releases/2018/12/19/nokia-and-telefonica-deutschland-built-up-joint-
early-5g-innovation-cluster-in-berlin/
255 See https://www.sdxcentral.com/articles/news/telefonica-germany-and-nokia-enter-5g-testing-stage-in-
berlin/2018/12/
256 See https://www.vodafone.de/medien/digitales-leben/5g-mobility-lab-vodafone-startet-ersten-5g-mast-in-
deutschland/
257 https://newsroom.ibm.com/2019-01-17-IBM-Vodafone-Business-Join-Forces-to-Drive-Innovation-in-Rapidly-
Changing-World
258 See https://www.reuters.com/article/us-deutsche-telekom-strategy/deutsche-telekom-to-launch-commercial-5g-
operations-in-2020-idUSKCN1MK129
259 See https://www.telekom.com/en/media/media-information/archive/port-of-hamburg-5g-applications-pass-field-test-
551178
260 See https://www.sdxcentral.com/articles/news/dt-sk-telecom-invest-in-each-others-5g-focused-pet-projects/2018/10/
261 See https://www.telekom.com/en/media/media-information/archive/network-2019-558784
Ref: 2015448-103 .

(starting in Q1 with Darmstadt). On February 6, 2019, DT confirmed262 that the
Darmstadt 5G test was now operational.
As described in our previous report, the federal government outlined five action points as part of its
‘5G Strategy for Germany’ published263 in September 2017:
• step up network roll-out

• make available frequencies based on demand
• promote co-operation between telecommunications and user industries
• targeted and co-ordinated research
• initiate 5G for towns and cities.
Under the ‘targeted and co-ordinated research’ action point, the federal government is funding
research and development for 5G in its ‘Industrial Communications of the Future’ initiative. The
focus is on three research priorities: ‘reliable wireless communications in the industry’, ‘5G:
industrial internet’, and ‘5G: tactile internet’, for which up to EUR80 million will be made
available.264 Examples of projects funded include the A9 Digital Motorway Test Bed, ‘TACNET
4.0’ and the ‘PMSE-xG’ initiative.
Under the ‘promote co-operation between telecommunications and user industries’ action point, the
government describes the ‘5G Dialog Forum’, which was set up in September 2016 to support ‘the
active exchange and networking between the telecommunications sector and vertical industries’.
The first sector-specific dialog forum on 5G prospects for the automotive industry was held in
February 2017, followed by an exchange on health issues in March.
Regarding financial investment, on March 7, 2017, the Federal Minister of Transport and Digital
Infrastructure and the members of the Network Alliance for a Digital Germany adopted265 the
‘Gigabit Germany Initiative for the Future’. The objective of the joint strategy is to invest
EUR100 billion to create a high-performance broadband network in Germany by 2025. In a
statement,266 the Minister said that using the ‘most sophisticated technologies available’ such as
‘fiber optics and […] 5G’. We are not aware of details regarding the specific amount to be allocated
to 5G.
262 See https://www.telekom.com/en/media/media-information/archive/5g-test-field-in-darmstadt-561588

263 See https://www.bmvi.de/SharedDocs/EN/publications/5g-strategy-for-germany.html
264 Moreover, the Federal government is funding ‘further R&D activities within the framework of different programs with
regard to applications where 5G is an important driver in the realization process’. For example, the combination of a
driving simulator, test vehicles and the ‘CERMcity’ urban test field in Aldenhoven that has been developed by the
RWTH Aachen; see ‘5G Strategy for Germany’ (p.19).
265 See https://www.bmvi.de/SharedDocs/EN/PressRelease/2017/029-network-alliance.html
266 Ibid.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
BNetzA has also launched267 an ‘exchange platform’ to ‘support user companies and industries in
their standardization activities for 5G’.
B.5.5 Outlook
Our 5G outlook/assessment for Germany is summarized in Figure B.15 below.
Figure B.15: 5G outlook for Germany [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]

• All MNOs confirmed or expected to launch 5G in 2020
to 5G launch
4/4
2. Low-band spectrum • 700MHz unpaired and L-band spectrum for potential future
assignment
2/4
3. Mid-band spectrum • 3.4–3.7GHz scheduled for auction in 2019; the 3.7–3.8GHz
range will be for regional/local use
1/4
4. High-band spectrum • 26GHz, 28GHz, and 32GHz bands under consideration;
priority is 26GHz band to enable use from 2020
• Strong in low-band (with 700MHz already assigned). Mid-band 2/4
5. Total spectrum
auction expected soon; further behind in high-band
• EUR80 million available for 5G R&D
6. National
• Broader ‘Gigabit Germany Initiative for the Future’ (which 3/4
encompasses 5G technology) aims to invest EUR100 billion
support
by 2025
267 See https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2017/24102017_5G.html
Ref: 2015448-103 .
B.6 Hong Kong
The Communications Authority (CA) in Hong Kong is responsible for communications market policy,
and the Office of the Communications Authority (OFCA) is the regulator that administers CA policy.
CA has been proactive along with the Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development (SCED)
have been responsible for pro-5G policies aimed at ensuring sufficient spectrum in the market for
5G launch in 2020. The intention is for several portions of spectrum in mid-band and high-band to
be licensed for 5G use as well as release of spectrum in the 700MHz band. A statement in December
2018 confirmed CA’s intention that 380MHz of spectrum in the 3.3–3.4GHz, 3.4–3.6GHz and 4.84–
4.92GHz bands is to be assigned for mobile use, along with 4.1GHz spectrum in the 26GHz and
28GHz bands. Operators are understood to be targeting 2020 for commercial launch, once spectrum
licenses are confirmed. In a 2018 policy address, a government official stated that “the government
[would] proactively open up suitable government premises and roof-tops for the installation of base
stations” to support 5G roll-out.
Low-band spectrum
mobile services in Hong Kong.
Figure B.16: Current low-band spectrum holdings of MNOs in Hong Kong, MHz [Source: OFCA,268 APT269]
MNO 450 700 850 900 1400 1800 1900 2100 2300 2600 Total
HKT – – 15 20 – 40 – 29.6 – 40 144.6
SmarTone – – 10 10 – 40 – 39.6 – 20 119.6
Three – – – 20 – 30 – 29.6 30 – 109.6
CMHK – – – 10 – 40 – 19.6 30 40 139.6
21 Vianet** – – – – – – – – 30 – 30
Genius Brand*** – – – – – – – – – 40 40
Total – – 25 60 – 150 – 118.4 90 140 583.4
** 21 Vianet holds a 2.3GHz license, though this is used to provide FWA LTE services (not mobile).
*** HKT and Three won 2600MHz licenses in January 2009 and March 2013 via joint venture Genius Brand.
Note: Holdings in the 900MHz and 1800MHz bands will apply from 2021270
268 See Annex 1 of https://www.coms-auth.hk/filemanager/statement/en/upload/429/ca_statements20171219_en.pdf.

We have classified the 885-890/930-935MHz block won by Three at an auction in 2011 as 900MHz not 850MHz (as
in the CA document). See also https://www.ofca.gov.hk/en/industry_focus/radio_spectrum/auctions/index.html
270 See
https://www.ofca.gov.hk/mobile/en/industry_focus/radio_spectrum/auctions/900_mhz_and_1800_mhz_bands_auctio
n/index.html
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Mid-band spectrum
No mid-band spectrum is currently available for commercial mobile services in Hong Kong.
High-band spectrum
No high-band spectrum is currently available for commercial mobile services in Hong Kong.
Low-band spectrum
On March 21, 2017, the Communications Authority (CA) announced271 plans for making available
additional spectrum for public mobile services “toward 2020 and beyond”. CA noted that the
government would review its working target of switching off the analog terrestrial television service
by 2020. CA intends to assign the vacated ‘digital dividend’ spectrum in the 700MHz (698–
806MHz) band to mobile services as soon as possible after the analog switch-off (ASO). The
‘Spectrum Release Plan for 2019–2021’, published272 by CA in February 2019, lists the earliest
release date for spectrum273 in the 617–803MHz range as 2020. The document also remarks that
assignment of spectrum in the 617–803MHz range for the provision of indoor274 mobile services
will be possible from July 2021 at the earliest.
The 2010–2020MHz range was made available at an auction in 2011, but was not acquired by any
bidder. The ‘Spectrum Release Plan for 2019–2021’275 states that CA will “review the demand for
this band”.
Mid-band spectrum
On December 13, 2018, the Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development (SCED) and CA
issued276 a final decision on the assignment of mid-band spectrum for the provision of public mobile
services. As shown in Figure B.17 below, a total of 380MHz is scheduled to be auctioned by mid-
2019 across three bands:
271 See http://www.coms-auth.hk/en/media_focus/press_releases/index_id_1423.html

272 See https://www.ofca.gov.hk/filemanager/ofca/common/Industry/broadcasting/spectrum_plan2019_en.pdf. This
document also states that the 1466–1480MHz band “has been reserved subject to further development of the
worldwide market”.
273 CA state that, based on 3GPP band plans, a maximum of 160MHz in the 617–803MHz range is planes to be released.
274 CA state that “20MHz of spectrum in the 703–803MHz band can be used for outdoor deployment as well”.
275 The Spectrum Release Plan for 2019–2021 also states that the 1466–1480MHz band “has been reserved subject to
further development of the worldwide market”.
276 See https://www.coms-auth.hk/en/media_focus/press_releases/index_id_1824.html
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Figure B.17: Details of mid-band spectrum to be auctioned in Hong Kong [Source: CA,277 2018]
License details 3.3–3.4GHz band 3.4–3.6GHz band 4.84–4.92GHz band*

Allowed usage Provision of public mobile services
Amount of spectrum 100MHz 200MHz 80MHz*
Nationwide (subject to
Geographical use Indoor use only Nationwide
restriction zones)
Two-stage auction
Assignment
Clock auction (primary and SMRA
approach
assignment)
Number of lots Ten 10MHz lots Twenty 10MHz lots Two 40MHz lots
Spectrum cap per
40MHz 70MHz 40MHz
licensee
Coverage 400 base stations 45% population 50% population
obligations within 5 years coverage within 5 years coverage within 5 years
Target assignment
July/August 2019
date
License start date October 2019 April 2020 October 2019
License duration 15 years 15 years 15 years
Licenses are technology neutral. Frequency swapping is not permitted within the
Other conditions
first 5 years of assignment.
* The full 4.83–4.93GHz band has been allocated to mobile on a co-primary basis. Two 10MHz blocks (4.83–4.84GHz
and 4.92–4.93GHz) will be reserved for potential future assignment at a later date.
High-band spectrum
On December 13, 2018, SCED and CA also issued278 a final decision on the assignment of high-
band spectrum. As shown in Figure B.18 below, a total of 4.1GHz will be made available, via
administrative assignment across the 26GHz (24.25–27.5 GHz) and 28GHz bands (27.5–
28.35GHz). 3.7GHz will be made available via exclusive nationwide licenses for “large scale public
mobile services”, and 400MHz will be made available on a geographically shared basis for
“localized innovative wireless services”.
Figure B.18: Details of high-band spectrum to be auctioned in Hong Kong [Source: CA,279 2018]
License details 24.25–28.5GHz band

Localized wireless services including
Allowed usage Large-scale public mobile services
fixed services
Amount of spectrum 3700MHz 400MHz
277 See https://www.coms-auth.hk/filemanager/en/content_713/annex.pdf. Full details:

https://www.coms-auth.hk/filemanager/statement/en/upload/482/joint_statement_st_072018.pdf
278 See https://www.coms-auth.hk/filemanager/statement/en/upload/480/joint_statement_st_052018.pdf
279 See https://www.coms-auth.hk/filemanager/en/content_713/annex.pdf. Full details:
Ref: 2015448-103 .
License details 24.25–28.5GHz band

Spectrum geographically shared;
Geographical use Nationwide license valid for specific geographical
area
Administrative assignment* Administrative assignment
Assignment
(all interested parties to submit (licenses issued using a first-come,
approach
requests for spectrum**) first-served approach)
Operators may apply for block sizes
Number of blocks Forty-one 100MHz blocks
up to 400MHz
Spectrum cap per Maximum aggregate network
800MHz
licensee coverage of a licensee is 50 sq. km
Coverage 5,000 radio units281 within five years**
None
obligations280 for 800MHz of spectrum assigned282
Target assignment
March 2019 Q2 2019
date
License start date April 2019 July 2019
Licenses can be applied for at any
15 years
License duration time; licenses will expire on March 31,
(expiring March 31, 2034)
2034
SUFs apply only if >75% of spectrum SUFs apply only if >75% of spectrum
Spectrum utilization is occupied. SUF = is occupied. SUF =
fee (SUF) HKD21,600/MHz/year (same value as HKD1,080/MHz/year/50 sq. km of
for fixed links) network footprint
* The procedure for the case where demand exceeds supply is specified in the decision document.
** See decision document for details.
Note: Licensees of spectrum for the provision of large-scale public mobile services will not be eligible for localized
licenses.
On December 21, 2018, CA invited283 applications for the assignment of high-band spectrum. On
March 20, 2019, CA announced284 a list of provisional successful applicants for spectrum to be used
for large-scale public mobile services (each of CMHK, HKT and SmarTone have been provisionally
offered 400MHz). Final approval is pending.
Figure B.19 outlines 5G commercial deployment plans announced by the major MNOs in Hong
Kong:
280 Revisions to the coverage obligations were announced by the CA in January 2019, stating that assignees will be
required to install 20% of the minimum number of radio units within three years, 50% within four years, and 100%
within five years. See https://www.coms-auth.hk/en/media_focus/press_releases/index_id_1858.html
281 I.e. active antenna unit, antenna integrated radio, or remote radio head/unit.
282 The number of radio units is reduced proportionally for spectrum assignments below 800MHz.
283 See https://www.ofca.gov.hk/en/media_focus/press_releases/index_id_1840.html
284 See
https://www.ofca.gov.hk/filemanager/ofca/en/content_1127/26_28_GHz_Provisional_Successful_Applicant_Notice.p
df
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Figure B.19: Announcements of 5G deployment plans by major MNOs in Hong Kong [Source: MNO press releases]

• No explicit 5G launch dates have publicly been announced by these MNOs. However, a
general timeframe of 2020 has been referenced, in agreement with government
HKT285 announcements:
– On December 01, 2017, CA was cited286 as saying that Hong Kong would be one
of the world’s earliest adopters of 5G mobile technology in 2020. CA said that once
5G standards are formalized by the ITU in 2019, commercial services are expected
SmarTone to be rolled out the following year
– In its 2017/18 annual report, CA confirmed that its “goal is to make available
sufficient spectrum for the industry to enable the commercial launch of 5G services
in the timeframe of 2020”
Three – In November 22, 2018, the Hong Kong Economic Journal published287 an article
stating that “the government plans to host a 5G spectrum auction next year [i.e.
2019] with the service expected to be rolled out in 2020 at the earliest”.
• On August 13, 2018, CMHK announced288 the successful completion of end-to-end 5G
FWA network testing. CMHK stated that when 5G spectrum is released, it “will be ready
CMHK
to provide full services to users”. CMHK noted that since 5G smartphones will not be
available until H2 2019, the earliest services would be FWA.
In Hong Kong, CA gives operators the right of access to any private building for the purposes of
installing and maintaining telecommunications equipment so that they are able to provide their
services to occupiers of the building.289 CA also mandates that building owners assist operators with
their efforts to install and maintain telecommunications equipment. Furthermore, property owners
in Hong Kong are not allowed to “impose any fees, deposit, access charge, administrative fees or
rental charge on the operators for the access to the building” or the “use of any in-building
telecommunications system”.
In Hong Kong’s 2018 policy address, a government official stated that “the government [would]
proactively open up suitable government premises and roof-tops for the installation of base stations”
to support 5G roll-out.290
285 In November 2018, reports stated that HKT and Huawei are constructing a 5G network on a new Mass Transit
Railway (MTR) line; the network will be shared by all operators to offer 5G services. See
https://www.mobileworldlive.com/featured-content/asia-home-banner/hkt-huawei-prepare-hk-train-line-for-5g/
286 See https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/economy/article/2122511/hong-kong-be-one-worlds-earliest-adopters-
5g-technology
287 See http://www.ejinsight.com/20181122-let-s-prepare-ourselves-for-the-coming-of-5g/
288 See https://www.hk.chinamobile.com/en/about_us/media_centre/NewsPDF/20180813pr.html
289 See https://www.ofca.gov.hk/filemanager/ofca/common/Industry/telecom/inote0004_12e.pdf
290 See https://www.policyaddress.gov.hk/2018/eng/policy_ch04.html. In June-2018, HKT published a paper urging the
government to do more to encourage the development of 5G in Hong Kong, including a request to enable easier
access to buildings in order to install and maintain mobile equipment. See
https://www.hkcsl.com/r/cms/pccw/2018/201806040/20180611e-Telecom-Policy-Paper-en.pdf
Ref: 2015448-103 .
B.6.5 Outlook
Our 5G outlook/assessment for Hong Kong is summarized in Figure B.20 below.
Figure B.20: 5G outlook for Hong Kong [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]

• Most MNOs expected to launch 5G in 2020
to 5G launch
• 700MHz band scheduled for release from 2020
1/4
3. Mid-band spectrum • 3.3–3.4GHz, 3.4–3.6GHz, and 4.84–4.92GHz bands to be
auctioned in 2019
3/4
4. High-band spectrum • 4.1GHz across 26GHz and 28GHz to be made available
through administrative assignment in 2019
• Large amount of mid- and high-band spectrum to be released 2/4
5. Total spectrum
in 2019/2020
6. National
• Government premises to be offered for installation of base 3/4
stations
support
Ref: 2015448-103 .
B.7 Italy
AGCOM is the regulator and competition authority for the communications sector in Italy and is
responsible for spectrum management. In October 2018, AGCOM held a multi-band 5G auction, which
resulted in the sale of spectrum in the low, mid, and high bands: 2×30MHz in the 700MHz band,
200MHz in the 3.6GHz band, and 1GHz in the 26.5–27.5GHz band. In March 2017, the Italian
government launched a 5G trial in five Italian cities: the metropolitan area of Milan, Prato, L’Aquila,
Bari, and Matera. Multiple MNOs are expected to launch commercial 5G services in 2019.
Low-band spectrum
mobile services in Italy.
Figure B.21: Current low-band spectrum holdings of MNOs in Italy, MHz [Source: spectrummonitoring.com,
Analysys Mason Spectrum Auction Tracker]
MNO 450 700 800 900 1400 1800 1900* 2100 2300 2600 Total
TIM – 20 20 20 20 40 – 30 – 30 180
Vodafone – 20 20 20 20 40 – 30 – 30 180
Wind Tre – – 20 20 – 40 – 40 – 70 190
Iliad – 20 – 10 – 20 – 20 – 20 90
Total – 60 60 70 40 140 – 120 – 150 640
The 60MHz (2×30MHz) of 700MHz spectrum shown in Figure B.21 was assigned at a multiband
auction completed in October 2018. Licenses291 have a 15.5-year duration (from July 1, 2022) and
are nationwide; certain coverage obligations are attached to the licenses (see Section 5.2 for details).
As shown in Figure B.22 below, three of the four MNOs won spectrum: TIM, Vodafone, and Iliad.
Figure B.22: Outcome of Italy’s 700MHz auction in July 2018 [Source: AGCOM,292 2018]
Operator Spectrum won Spectrum range Price paid Adjusted*

(MHz)293 (USD) USD/MHz/pop
TIM 2×10MHz N/d 786,000,000 0.7523
Vodafone 2×10MHz N/d 790,000,000 0.7557
Iliad 2×10MHz N/d 782,000,000 0.7482
Total 2×30MHz - 2,040,000,000 0.7520
* Adjusted to a 20-year license using a WACC of 6.0%
291 See https://www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/images/stories/normativa/Disciplinare_Gara_multibanda2018.pdf

292 See http://www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/index.php/it/198-notizie-stampa/2038666-gara-5g
293 The spectrum was awarded as generic blocks; we understand that exact assignments are yet to be confirmed.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Spectrum sold close to the reserve price; the total price paid was ~USD0.75/MHz/pop (after
adjusting to a 20-year license duration).
Spectrum was also made available in the 700MHz SDL, 3.6–3.8GHz, and 26.5–27.5GHz bands;
assignment of this spectrum is discussed in the following sub-sections.
Mid-band spectrum
The October 2018 multiband auction made available two 80MHz blocks and two 20MHz blocks in
the 3600–3800MHz band. Licenses294 have a 19-year duration (from January 1, 2019) and are
nationwide; certain coverage obligations are attached to the 80MHz lots. As shown in Figure B.23
below, each of the four MNOs won spectrum: TIM, Vodafone, Wind, and Iliad.
Figure B.23: Outcome of Italy’s 3.6–3.8GHz auction in July 2018 [Source: AGCOM,295 2018]
Operator Spectrum won Spectrum range Price paid Adjusted*

(MHz) 296 (USD) USD/MHz/pop
TIM 80MHz 3720–3800 1,958,000,000 0.4048
Vodafone 80MHz N/d 1,948,000,000 0.4026
Wind Tre 20MHz N/d 559,000,000 0.4625
Iliad 20MHz N/d 559,000,000 0.4625
Total 200MHz - 5,025,000,000 0.4271
* Adjusted to a 20-year license using a WACC of 6.0%.
Spectrum sold significantly above the reserve price of EUR39.7 million (USD45.1 million) per
20MHz lot and EUR158.7 million (USD180.5 million) per 80MHz lot. The total price paid was
~USD0.43/MHz/pop (after adjusting to a 20-year license duration).
Spectrum in the 3.4–3.6GHz band was auctioned in February 2008 (originally used for the provision
of WiMAX services). Three 2×21MHz lots (3437–3500/3537–3600MHz) were made available on
a regional basis.297 After subsequent license trading, there are currently298 four main299 license
holders:
• Aria (Tiscali) holds a single license in every region

295 See http://www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/index.php/it/198-notizie-stampa/2038666-gara-5g
296 Apart from the 80MHz block won by TIM, the spectrum was awarded as generic blocks; we understand that exact
assignments are yet to be confirmed.
297 The lower two blocks (A and B) were auctioned in seven macro-regions, while the upper block (C) was auctioned in
21 sub-regions, meaning that a total of 35 licenses were offered. For details of the different regions, see:
https://www.agcom.it/documents/10179/3265296/Allegato+22-1-2018+1516643247616/4be118b1-80af-40ee-9c32-
900f739bb21d?version=1.0
298 As of November 2017 (see source above).
299 Three further players also hold a single license each. Brennercom and eolo hold (block C) 2×21MHz licenses in
Provincia autonoma di Bolzano and Valle d’Aosta respectively. Mandarin holds a 21MHz TDD license in Sicily.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
• Linkem holds a single license in every region (and two licenses in Sicily300 and seven northern
regions)
• TIM holds a single license in Sardinia and in eight regions across central and southern Italy
• GO Internet holds a single license in the regions of Emilia-Romagna and Marche.
In June 2009 (i.e. shortly after the original WiMAX auction), Aria (Tiscali) and TIM announced301
a spectrum-share deal in the regions licensed to TIM. In March 2018, Linkem and GO Internet
announced302 a spectrum-share deal in the Emilia-Romagna and Marche regions. In November 2018,
broadband provider Fastweb acquired303 Tiscali’s FWA business (including its mid-band spectrum)
for EUR198 million (USD225 million).
Licenses were originally auctioned with a duration of 15 years, expiring in December 2023. In
November 2017, AGCOM launched a consultation304 on extending the licenses (for a fee) by six
years to December 2029. Under the terms of the extension, AGCOM is proposing:
• a maximum of 40MHz (2×20MHz) to be renewed for each of the assigned blocks

• a cap of 100MHz in any region (including spectrum held in the 3.6–3.8GHz band)
• a reconfiguration of the entire 3.4–3.6GHz band into a TDD arrangement suitable for 5G.
Spectrum freed up as a result of this reconfiguration (which is currently occupied by the Ministry
of Defense) may be offered to the market.
We understand305 that license extensions were granted in Summer 2018 (shortly before the 3.6–
3.8GHz auction). However, there has been considerable opposition306 from MNOs to the license
extension arrangements; the prices paid by MNOs in the 3.6–3.8GHz auction were significantly
higher than the 3.4–3.6GHz license extension fees. We understand that TIM, Vodafone, and Iliad
have each appealed against the license extensions; AGCOM has not yet announced a final decision.
300 Linkem (along with Mandarin) holds a 21MHz TDD license in Sicily.
301 See https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2009/06/09/telecom-italia-and-aria-announce-
wimax-partnership/
302 See http://www.gtigroup.org/news/ind/2018-03-28/12055.html
303 In addition to the spectrum, the assets acquired include 835 towers and 34 FTEs. “At the same time, Tiscali will
enter into a wholesale agreement with Fastweb gaining full access to Fastweb fiber-based network infrastructure…
Fastweb will finance the transaction from its own available cash resources. The value of the deal will be
approximately EUR198m, of which EUR130m in cash (thereof EUR50m in 2018 and EUR80m in 2019), a 4 to 5
year’s wholesale agreement of a total value of EUR55m and EUR13m of debts toward suppliers.” The original
agreement (announced in July 2018) was for a transaction value of EUR150m, but this was increased to EUR198m
to “reflect recent market dynamics”. See https://www.swisscom.ch/en/about/medien/press-
releases/2018/07/20180730-mm-fastweb-5g-frequenzen-tiscali.html
https://www.swisscom.ch/en/about/medien/press-releases/2018/11/20181112-mm-tiscali.html
304 See https://www.agcom.it/documents/10179/3265296/Allegato+22-1-2018+1516643247616/4be118b1-80af-40ee-
9c32-900f739bb21d?version=1.0
305 See https://www.edisoninvestmentresearch.com/?ACT=18&ID=22991&LANG=
306 See, for example, https://www.telecompaper.com/news/tim-latest-to-appeal-against-5g-spectrum-extension-report--
1268978
Ref: 2015448-103 .
High-band spectrum
The October 2018 multiband auction also made available five 200MHz blocks in the 26.5–27.5GHz
band. Licenses307 have a 19-year duration (from January 1, 2019), are nationwide and without
coverage obligations. Each of Italy’s four MNOs, as well as broadband provider Fastweb, won a
license; each paid close to the reserve price of EUR32.6 million (USD37.1 million) per 200MHz
block.
Low-band spectrum
The October 2018 multiband auction made available three 5MHz lots in the 700MHz TDD band
(733–748MHz). These lots went unsold; they may be made available at a future date, although we
are not aware of any official plans for a further auction.
Mid-band spectrum
As described in Annex B.7.1, a total of 80MHz in the 3.4–3.6GHz (which is currently held by the
Ministry of Defense) may be allocated to mobile. However, confirmation has not yet been provided
by the regulator.
High-band spectrum
We are not aware of any plans for further release of high-band spectrum.
Figure B.24 outlines 5G commercial deployment plans announced by the major MNOs in Italy:
Figure B.24: Announcements of 5G deployment plans by major MNOs in Italy [Source: MNO press releases]

• On September 4, 2018 TIM announced308 that it had switched on its first 5G mast in
San Marino, and that it aimed to provide “complete 5G coverage” in the country by the
TIM end of the year
• On November 12, 2018, reports309 stated that TIM and Vodafone were considering a
5G infrastructure sharing deal, with the aim of reaching an agreement by Q1 2019

308 See https://www.telecomitalia.com/tit/en/archivio/media/note-stampa/market/2018/NS-TIM-Nokia-SanMarino-
40918.html
309 See https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-12/vodafone-telecom-italia-are-said-to-discuss-5g-network-
deal
Ref: 2015448-103 .

• On November 28, 2018, TIM, Ericsson, and Qualcomm announced310 that they had
conducted a successful test of a prototype 3GPP-compliant 5G smartphone which
used the Snapdragon X50 chipset. TIM noted that the X50 would “be in some of the
first 5G smartphones available on the market in 2019”
• On February 4, 2019, TIM announced311 that it “is deploying some antennas” for the
new 5G network in Sanremo.
• On October 2, 2018, after acquiring spectrum in the 5G multiband auction, Vodafone
stated312 that the 3.6–3.8GHz spectrum could be used immediately “for the rapid
development of 5G services”. Vodafone noted that it is conducting 5G trials in Milan
and expects to achieve 80% coverage of the metropolitan area by December 2018
Vodafone • In December 2018, reports stated313 that the Milan network had been turned on, and
the 80% coverage target had been achieved using 120 sites. However, the network is
currently being used for testing only, with 5G devices not yet commercially available.
Vodafone plans to add 5G networks in Turin, Bologna, Naples, and Rome during
2019.
• On November 16, 2018, reports314 stated that Wind Tre expects the “first parts of the
Wind Tre country” to see 5G deployment by end-2019, but that 5G devices would not be available
to the mass market until 2020 or 2021.
Iliad • We are not aware of specific 5G commercial deployment plans announced by Iliad.
In March 2017, the Italian government launched315 a 5G trial in five Italian cities: the metropolitan
area of Milan, Prato, L’Aquila, Bari, and Matera.
On December 31, 2018, the Italian Competition Authority (AGCM) published316,317 a document
discussing the legislation associated with the deployment of mobile infrastructure, raising concerns
over the amount of local (regional and municipal) regulations applying to the installation of small
cells. The document also expresses concerns that the transmission power limits may be too strict
(i.e. unsuitable for future 5G deployments).
The AGCM recommend that the government simplify regulations relating to small cell deployments
and establish whether the transmission power limits should be increased.
310 See https://www.telecomitalia.com/tit/en/archivio/media/note-stampa/market/2018/PR-First-prototype-5G-

smartphone-TIM.html
311 See https://www.telecomitalia.com/tit/en/archivio/media/note-stampa/market/2019/NS-TIM-5G-a-Sanremo-4-
febbraio.html
312 See https://www.vodafone.com/content/index/media/vodafone-group-releases/2018/vodafone-italy-acquires-
spectrum-for-5g-services.html
313 See https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2018/12/13/vodafone-and-tim-claim-5g-firsts-
in-italy/
314 See https://www.lightreading.com/mobile/5g/italys-struggling-wind-tre-eyes-5g-rollout-in-late-2019/d/d-id/747661
315 See http://bandaultralarga.italia.it/en/5g-5-italian-cities/
316 See http://www.agcm.it/dotcmsdoc/bollettini/2018/49-18.pdf
317 See https://www.corrierecomunicazioni.it/digital-economy/5g-lallarme-antitrust-troppi-vincoli-a-rischio-lo-sviluppo/
Ref: 2015448-103 .
B.7.5 Outlook
Our 5G outlook/assessment for Italy is summarized in Figure B.25 below.
Figure B.25: 5G outlook for Italy [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]

1. Industry commitment • Some MNOs have confirmed 5G launch in 2019/2020; others 2/4
to 5G launch have not yet confirmed launch dates
• No plans for future spectrum assignment
3/4
3. Mid-band spectrum • 3.4–3.6GHz band may be reconfigured allowing further
release of spectrum
• 1GHz of spectrum currently released 2/4
• No plans for future assignment
5. Total spectrum • Spectrum assigned in low, mid, and high bands 3/4
6. National
• The Italian government has sponsored a 5G trial across a 2/4
number of cities
support
Ref: 2015448-103 .
B.8 Japan
The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) regulates the Japanese telecom market.
In 2016, MIC published its ‘Policy to realize 5G in 2020’ (in time for the Tokyo 2020 Olympics).
Policy includes promoting the work of the 5G Mobile Forum (5GMF), 5G R&D and standardization
activities. The regulator has outlined plans to release/share spectrum in several bands (both below
and above 6GHz) and plans release spectrum in the 3.6–4.2GHz, 4.4–4.9GHz and 27.5–29.5GHz
ranges during 2019. Japan’s MNOs have all conducted extensive 5G trials and plan to launch
commercial services in 2019/20.
Low-band spectrum
mobile services in Japan.
Figure B.26: Current low-band spectrum holdings of MNOs in Japan, MHz [Source: MIC,318 APT319]
MNO 450 700 850 900 1400 1800 1900 2100 2300 2600* Total
NTT DOCOMO – 20 30 – 30 40 – 40 – – 160
KDDI – 20 30 – 20 40 – 40 – 50 200
Softbank – 20 – 30 20 30 31.2** 40 – 30 201.2
Rakuten – – – – – 40 – – – – 40
Total – 60 60 30 70 150 31.2 120 – 80 601.2
* Excludes regional WiMAX (20MHz TDD)
** PHS TDD spectrum
Note: the 850MHz band refers to 3GPP bands 18 and 19, the 1400MHz band refers to 3GPP bands 11 and 21, and the
1800MHz band refers to 3GPP band 9.
On April 6, 2018, MIC approved320,321 a bid from internet retailer Rakuten to become Japan’s fourth
MNO, assigning the company 2×20MHz of spectrum322 in the 1730–1750/1825–1845MHz range.
On May 10, 2018, Rakuten published323 its Q1 financial results for FY2018, indicating its intention
318 See https://www.gsma.com/spectrum/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/MIC_Spectrum-for-5G-MIC-Kuniko-OGAWA.pdf

See also http://www.tele.soumu.go.jp/e/adm/freq/search/myuse/0002/index.htm
320 See https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2018/04/09/mic-advisory-panel-gives-green-
light-to-rakutens-mobile-bid/
321 See http://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01kiban14_02000333.html
322 A consultation released by MIC in December 2017 proposed draft rules for releasing this band. See
http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000517622.pdf
323 See https://global.rakuten.com/corp/investors/assets/doc/documents/18Q1PPT_E.pdf
Ref: 2015448-103 .
to launch services in October 2019 using its 1.8GHz spectrum. MIC also assigned the 1710–
1730/1805–1825MHz (2×20MHz) range to KDDI.324
Mid-band spectrum
Each of the three incumbent MNOs in Japan (i.e. NTT DOCOMO, KDDI, and Softbank) were
licensed to use 40MHz of spectrum in the 3480–3600MHz range in 2014 on a national basis.325 The
licenses are suitable for mobile use.
Furthermore, in April 2018, the 3440–3480MHz range was assigned to NTT DOCOMO and the
3400–3440MHz range was assigned to Softbank.326
High-band spectrum
No high-band spectrum is currently available for commercial mobile services in Japan.
MIC published a 5G roadmap327 on June 28, 2016, which outlines its aim ‘to realize 5G in 2020’ in
time for the Tokyo Olympics. The roadmap states that frequency sharing with other services should
ensure a total bandwidth of 2700MHz (including bandwidth for wireless LAN) below 6GHz by
2020. Above 6GHz, MIC is targeting a total bandwidth328 of around 23GHz “looking ahead to the
2020s”.
324 We also understand that NTT DOCOMO’s license in the 1765–1785/1860–1880MHz (2×20MHz) range was extended
to include the regions of Tokyo, Nagoya, and Osaka.
325 See http://www.gtigroup.org/news/ind/2014-12-25/5208.html
326 We understand that Rakuten had previously submitted an application to MIC for 4G suitable spectrum in both the
1.8GHz and 3.4GHz bands (3400–3480MHz), however the 3.4GHz spectrum was awarded to Softbank and NTT
DOCOMO.
See https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2018/02/27/japanese-e-tailer-rakuten-submits-
application-for-mobile-frequencies/
See http://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01kiban14_02000333.html
327 See https://www.gsma.com/spectrum/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/MIC_Spectrum-for-5G-MIC-Kuniko-OGAWA.pdf.
MIC has since published a number of similar iterations of the presentation; see https://5g-ppp.eu/wp-
content/uploads/2016/11/Opening-1_Yuji-Nakamura.pdf (November 9, 2016), https://5g-ppp.eu/wp-
content/uploads/2016/11/04_9-Nov_Session-2_Yuji-Nakamura.pdf (November 9, 2016) and http://5gmf.jp/wp/wp-
content/uploads/2017/06/02-Opening-Session-1_Isao-Sugino.pdf (May 24, 2017).
328 MIC states that it is targeting the following frequency bands: 8.4/14/28/40/48/70/80GHz.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
A 5G consultation329 was subsequently published by MIC in July 2017, providing further details on
the expected bands and timeline for assignments. An updated roadmap was published330 by MIC on
June 28, 2018. MIC completed its most recent consultation331 on 5G spectrum in December 2018.
Low-band spectrum
The July 2017 consultation states that, in order to address the current mobile spectrum shortage,
MIC will promote frequency sharing/allocation in the 2300–2330/2370–2400MHz range, and
consider frequency sharing with mobile satellite in the 2500–2545/2645–2690MHz range.
Mid-band spectrum
MIC’s December 2018 consultation states that it intends to allocate the 3.6–4.1GHz and 4.5–4.6GHz
ranges332 to 5G (as six 100MHz TDD blocks) by the end of March 2019. The 4.6–4.8GHz range will
be further considered for private 5G use.333, 334
High-band spectrum
MIC is proposing to license a number of mm-wave bands for 5G, with an initial focus on the 28GHz
band. The December 2018 consultation outlines MIC’s plans to allocate the 27.0–28.2GHz and
29.1–29.5GHz ranges to 5G (as four 400MHz TDD blocks) by the end of March 2019.335 The 28.2–
29.1GHz range will be further considered for private 5G use.
MIC also acknowledges the potential of all 11 ITU mm-wave candidate bands (24.25–86GHz).
Allocation in this range (with priority given to bands below 43.5GHz) is expected in the first half of
the 2020s.
329 ‘Draft report from New generation mobile communication system committee’, July 28, 2017 (in Japanese); see
http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000499652.pdf. See also section 9 of the 5GMF white paper version 1.1.
330 See https://www.gsma.com/spectrum/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Kohei-Satoh-MWC-Shanghai_MIC-Japan-1.pdf
331 See http://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01kiban14_02000358.html
332 See http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000582765.pdf/ The June 2016 roadmap indicated that MIC also aimed to
share the 5.15–5.35GHz band with 5G; however, this band is not mentioned in subsequent documentation.
333 Ibid.
334 We note that, on February 26, 2019, the Japan Times reports that the three incumbent MNOs and Rakuten had all
applied to MIC for 5G licenses, and that MIC will review the applications “before seeking final approval by an
advisory panel to the minister on April 10”. See https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/02/26/business/corporate-
business/japans-top-three-mobile-carriers-rakuten-apply-5g-band-allocation/#.XHkGrYj7RPY and
http://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01kiban14_02000375.html
335 Regarding timelines for assignment, see also the previous footnote.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Figure B.27 outlines 5G commercial deployment plans announced by the major MNOs in Japan. The
three major MNOs are all expected to commercialize 5G services by the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo.336
Figure B.27: Announcements of 5G deployment plans by major MNOs in Japan [Source: MNO press releases]

• NTT DOCOMO has stated337 that it aims to launch a commercial 5G service in 2020
in time for the Tokyo Olympics
• On January 19, 2018, Nokia confirmed338 that it had signed an agreement with NTT
DOCOMO to supply “5G baseband products for aiming to deploy in a 5G mobile
network planned to be in commercial service by 2020”
• A presentation339 delivered by NTT DOCOMO at the MWC in 2017 provided further
details. Launch will take place in selected ‘high performance’ areas in 2020 (using the
NTT existing LTE EPC), before expanding nationwide by ‘202X’ (eventually using separate
DOCOMO 5G core equipment). NTT DOCOMO has identified three bands for initial 5G launch:
3.4–3.8GHz, 4.4–5GHz and 27.5–29.5GHz
• In June 2018, NTT DOCOMO announced340 at the MWC that it intended to launch
standalone 5G “within 800 days”
• On November 2, 2018, NTT DOCOMO stated341 that it had plans to launch pre-
commercial 5G services in September 2019 and aimed to launch commercial 5G
services across Japan by mid-2020. NTT DOCOMO also said that customers would
be able to “experience 5G services” at the 2019 Rugby World Cup.
• In November 2018, KDDI announced342 “plans to offer a limited range of 5G-based
services in 2019, before a full-fledged 5G launch in 2020”. KDDI’s President said: “in
limited areas, we are aiming at distributing high-resolution images and drone security. In
KDDI
2020, in a full-fledged launch manner, we are planning to provide 5G in areas of Tokyo
for the Olympic and Paralympic Games and in areas in accordance with the request of
municipalities and our partner companies”.
• In October 2018, reports stated343 that representatives of Softbank (as well as NTT DOCOMO
Softbank and KDDI) said during a government hearing that they “plan to begin with a limited commercial
deployment in 2019 and then deploy a full 5G service for smartphones in 2020”.
• Rakuten has yet to launch commercial mobile services (as an MNO) in Japan. In October
Rakuten
2018, Rakuten stated344 that it plans to launch services (initially 4G only) in October 2019
336 See https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/Japan-s-4-carriers-to-shun-Chinese-5G-tech

337 See https://www.nttdocomo.co.jp/english/corporate/technology/rd/tech/5g/
338 See https://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2018/01/19/nokia-to-supply-5g-equipment-to-ntt-docomo-in-
support-of-launch-of-commercial-5g-service
339 See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJdBYSWXmMs
340 See https://www.mobileworldlive.com/featured-content/top-three/docomo-starts-countdown-to-5g/
341 See https://www.rcrwireless.com/20181102/5g/ntt-docomo-launch-pre-commercial-5g-services-september-2019
342 See http://techblog.comsoc.org/2018/11/13/kddi-to-launch-limited-5g-based-services-in-2019-full-5g-in-2020/
343 See https://www.rcrwireless.com/20181011/5g/japan-mobile-carriers-launch-limited-commercial-5g-services-next-
year
344 See https://global.rakuten.com/corp/news/press/2018/1002_01.html
Ref: 2015448-103 .

• Rakuten has been conducting 5G trials,345 and has stated that it is “committed to support
the smooth network evolution from 4G to 5G”
• In February 2019, Rakuten stated346 that it plans to launch 5G services in early 2020.
As described in our previous report, in 2016 MIC published its ‘Policy to realize 5G in 2020’ (in time
for the Tokyo 2020 Olympics). This commits to a package of “comprehensive promotion strategies
for 5G” including:
• promoting three activities to support 5G realization for 2020 and beyond:

– activities of the 5G Mobile Forum (5GMF)
– 5G R&D through ‘Industry-Academic-Government Co-operation’
– standardization activities at the ITU and 3GPP
• the 5G ‘System Trial’.
In May 2017, MIC began347 its 5G ‘System Trial’ in Tokyo and rural areas of Japan. The trial is
being conducted in partnership with each of the country’s MNOs as well as a number of equipment
manufacturers (Panasonic, Sharp, and Fujitsu), and is expected to continue until 2020. For example,
on March 8, 2018, NTT DOCOMO, Huawei, and Tobu Railway announced348 5G testing in a dense
urban area (Tokyo Skytree Town, the commercial center of the Sumida District of Tokyo) in the
28GHz band, as part of MIC’s 5G System Trial.
Extensive trialing is also being conducted by the 5GMF group. The 5GMF349 was founded on
September 30, 2014, with the objective of developing 5G technology through conducting research
and development relevant to global 5G standardization, liaising/co-ordinating with related
organizations, and promoting 5G awareness. Members includes a large number of industry players,
institutions, and universities. A detailed white paper published350 in September 2017 addresses the
results of studies carried out by the 5GMF. More recently, in April 2018 the 5GMF published351 a
report on the 5G System (Integration Verification) Trial.
345 For example, see https://global.rakuten.com/corp/news/press/2019/0220_02.html and

https://global.rakuten.com/corp/innovation/rakuten_today/2019/0222-2734/
346 See https://global.rakuten.com/corp/news/press/2019/0212_06.html
347 See https://www.telecomstechnews.com/news/2017/may/31/japan-prepares-2020-olympic-games-5g-trial-system/
348 See https://www.huawei.com/en/press-events/news/2018/3/NTT-DOCOMO-TOBU-RAILWAY-5G-Field-Trial-Japan
349 See http://5gmf.jp/en for further details.
See also http://5gmf.jp/wp/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/CEATEC2015_5GWS_5GMF.pdf and the 5GMF White
Papers. An overview of 5GMF and its IMT-2020 Evaluation Group published in October 2017 is available here:
https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-R/study-groups/rsg5/rwp5d/imt-2020/Documents/S03–7_5GMF%20Japan.pdf
350 See http://5gmf.jp/wp/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/5GMF-White-Paper-v1_1-All.pdf
351 See https://5gmf.jp/en/whitepaper/
Ref: 2015448-103 .
B.8.5 Outlook
Our 5G outlook/assessment for Japan is summarized in Figure B.28 below.
Figure B.28: 5G outlook for Japan [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]

1. Industry commitment • All three major MNOs have committed to large-scale launch in 3/4
to 5G launch 2020
• Potential further assignment in 2300MHz and 2600MHz bands
• A further six 100MHz blocks to be released in 2019
• 1GHz of spectrum currently released 2/4
• No plans for further assignment
• Significant amount of low- and mid-band spectrum already
5. Total spectrum assigned; large amounts of mid- and high-band spectrum to be 3/4
assigned in early 2019
6. National strategies/ • MIC’s 5G roadmap commits to a package of ‘comprehensive 3/4
government support promotion strategies for 5G’, including R&D and the 5GMF
B.9 Qatar
The Ministry of Transport and Communications oversees the development of the information and
communications technology sector in Qatar. The Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA) in the
State of Qatar is responsible for spectrum licensing. In February 2018, CRA stated that both mobile
operators in Qatar, Vodafone and Ooredoo, would be assigned 100MHz in the 3.4–3.6GHz range.
Ooredoo and Vodafone subsequently confirmed that they had received test licenses in the 3.4–
3.6GHz band; these were upgraded to full 5G licenses at the end of 2018. Ooredoo claimed to be
the first mobile operator in the world to launch a 5G network during 2018, although the service is
not currently being marketed to consumers.
Low-band spectrum
mobile services in Qatar.
Figure B.29: Current low-band spectrum holdings of MNOs in Qatar, MHz [Source:
https://www.spectrummonitoring.com, https://halberdbastion.com/intelligence/mobile-networks]
MNO 450 700 800 900 1400 1800 1900 2100 2300 2600 Total
Ooredoo – – 20 22 – 40 – 30 – 40 152
Vodafone – – 20 22 – 40 – 30 – 40 152
Total – – 40 44 – 80 – 60 – 80 304
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Mid-band spectrum
On February 22, 2018, CRA stated352 that both Vodafone and Ooredoo would be assigned 100MHz
in the 3.4–3.6GHz range. Ooredoo and Vodafone subsequently confirmed353 that they had received
test licenses in the 3.4–3.6GHz band; these were upgraded354 to full 5G licenses at the end of 2018.
High-band spectrum
No high-band spectrum is currently available for commercial mobile services in Qatar.
Low-band spectrum
In February 2018, CRA published355 a document outlining preliminary band plans for 5G mobile
services. The regulator has reserved 2×30MHz (703–733/758–788MHz) in the 700MHz band for 5G.
Mid-band spectrum
The document referred to above indicates that CRA will assign the 3.6–3.8GHz range to 5G in the
future (in addition to the 3.4–3.6GHz range already assigned – see above).
High-band spectrum
The document referred to above states that CRA will assign two 400MHz blocks to Vodafone and
Ooredoo in the 26.5–27.5GHz range in 2018. The spectrum for assignment will expand to 25.5–
27.5GHz by January 2019 and then to 24.5–27.5GHz by January 2021. We are not aware of
confirmation that these timelines have been achieved.
352 See http://cra.gov.qa/en/document/preliminary-frequency-bands-plans-5g-mobile-services

https://ooredoo.com/en/media/news_view/ooredoo-group-acquires-5g-network-spectrum-and-announces-the-
worlds-first-5g-deployments-in-qatar/
https://www.vodafone.qa/pressrelease/the-start-of-a-gigabit-qatar-with-5g
353 See https://ooredoo.com/en/media/news_view/ooredoo-group-acquires-5g-network-spectrum-and-announces-the-
worlds-first-5g-deployments-in-qatar/ and https://www.vodafone.qa/pressrelease/the-start-of-a-gigabit-qatar-with-5g
354 See https://www.vodafone.qa/pressrelease/vodafone-first-to-be-live-with-5g-commercially
355 See http://cra.gov.qa/en/document/preliminary-frequency-bands-plans-5g-mobile-services
See also http://cra.gov.qa/en/news/cra-preliminary-frequency-plans-5g-technology-are-ready
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Under the terms of Vodafone’s and Ooredoo’s mid-band 5G licenses, each MNO must “roll out 5G
networks before the end of 2020 in all densely populated areas, all primary roads and highways as
well as all venues associated with [FIFA] 2022 World Cup including stadiums and fan zones”.356
Figure B.30 outlines the major MNOs’ progress regarding 5G commercial deployments in Qatar.
Figure B.30: Announcements regarding 5G deployment progress by major MNOs in Qatar [Source: MNO
press releases]

• On May 14, 2018, Ooredoo announced357 that it had launched its 5G mobile network
commercially in Doha, but that 5G mobile devices were not yet available. Ooredoo
plans to upgrade 1,200 sites to be 5G-ready for when devices become available
• On June 10, 2018, Ooredoo announced358 that it had begun testing 5G home
broadband (i.e. FWA) devices on its network
• On July 22, 2018, Ooredoo announced359 that its 5G commercial network had reached
50 sites and stated that it was testing 5G home broadband (i.e. FWA) devices.
Reports360 stated that Ooredoo plans to extend 5G coverage to 100 sites by August
2018, but it does not expect 5G mobile handsets to be available until mid-2019
Ooredoo • On August 4, 2018, Ooredoo stated361 that it was “pushing forward with testing… live
5G home broadband devices”. It also noted that 75 5G-ready towers had now been
installed around Doha
• On December 4, 2018, Ooredoo noted362 that 85 sites were now 5G ready. Ooredoo
states that “by end of the desert season in 2019, a host of the most popular desert
locations will be connected with 5G Home Broadband devices”
• On February 26, 2019, Ooredoo noted363 that 100 sites were now 5G ready. Ooredoo
stated that it is “now covering more than a third of the population, and nearly all large
enterprises, with 5G” and that “this will grow to more than 50% population coverage
[later] in 2019”.
• On August 27, 2018, Vodafone announced364 having switched on its first live 5G network
Vodafone at an event in Doha. Vodafone outlined its vision for providing 5G services at the 2022
Qatar FIFA World Cup
356 See http://www.qatarisbooming.com/article/cra-grants-radio-spectrum-licenses-5g-commercial-networks-

telecommunications-companies
357 See https://www.ooredoo.qa/portal/OoredooQatar/supernet-5g
See also https://ooredoo.com/en/media/news_view/ooredoo-first-in-the-world-to-launch-5g-commercial-network/
358 See https://ooredoo.com/en/media/news_view/ooredoo-first-in-the-world-to-have-live-5g-home-broadband-device/
359 See https://ooredoo.com/en/media/news_view/50-ooredoo-5g-network-towers-now-live/
360 See https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2018/07/24/ooredoo-reaches-50-active-5g-
base-stations-thats-two-per-active-device/
361 See https://ooredoo.com/en/media/news_view/ooredoos-5g-home-broadband-test-results-show-mega-speeds-
available/
362 See https://ooredoo.com/en/media/news_view/ooredoos-5g-network-tests-are-in-full-swing-in-the-desert/
363 See https://ooredoo.com/en/media/news_view/ooredoo-drives-qatar-to-5g-global-top-five-country-status/
364 See https://www.vodafone.qa/pressrelease/vodafone-qatar-switches-on-its-5g-network
Ref: 2015448-103 .

• On August 28, 2018, Vodafone announced365 the connection of its first enterprise (FWA)
customer to its 5G network
• On October 15, 2018, Vodafone stated366 that it is accelerating its 5G deployment in key
locations across the country367
• On November 28, 2018, Vodafone announced368 that it had deployed 5G sites in the
Al Waab area
• On December 13, 2018, Vodafone announced369 that it had deployed its 5G network in
Katara Cultural Village in time for Qatar’s National Day celebrations
• On December 17, 2018, Vodafone announced370 that it had deployed its 5G network in
Souq Waqif (Doha)
• On December 31, 2018, Vodafone announced371 that its test mid-band license had been
upgraded to a full license, allowing the company to go live commercially. Vodafone stated
that Gulf Bridge International (GBI) would be the first entity to be commercially connected
to its 5G network and that several customers in Doha would be commercially connected
to its 5G network from January 1, 2019. However, it also noted that 5G-enabled handsets
would not be available until later in 2019.
Limited data available.
B.9.5 Outlook
Our 5G outlook/assessment for Qatar is summarized in Figure B.31 below.
Figure B.31: 5G outlook for Qatar [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]

1. Industry commitment • Both MNOs to launch 5G in 2019 having deployed 5G RAN 3/4
to 5G launch technology on existing mobile sites during 2018
• 700MHz band scheduled for assignment to 5G
• 3.4–3.6GHz band also scheduled to be released
2/4
4. High-band spectrum • 25.5–27.5GHz range to be awarded by 2019, expanding to the
entire 26GHz band by early 2021
365 See https://www.vodafone.qa/pressrelease/vodafone-qatar-connects-the-first-customer-in-the-country-to-5g

366 See https://www.vodafone.qa/pressrelease/vodafone-qatar-accelerates-its-5g-network-deployment-in-key-locations-
across-the-country
367 To include Abu Hamour, Al Azizya, Al Mamoura, Al Rayyan, Salwa Road, and Umm Salal Muhammed.
368 See https://www.vodafone.qa/pressrelease/vodafone-deploys-its-5g-network-in-al-waab
369 See https://www.vodafone.qa/pressrelease/vodafone-deploys-5g-network-at-katara-in-celebration-of-qatar-national-
day
370 See https://www.vodafone.qa/pressrelease/vodafone-qatar-deploys-5g-at-souq-waqif-marking-latest-progress-for-
qatar-national-day
371 See https://www.vodafone.qa/pressrelease/vodafone-first-to-be-live-with-5g-commercially
Ref: 2015448-103 .

• Small amounts of sub-3GHz spectrum released compared to 2/4
5. Total spectrum
other countries
6. National
strategies/government • Limited data available 1/4
support
Ref: 2015448-103 .
B.10 South Korea
The Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT, formerly MSIP), is the government ministry of South Korea
with responsibility for radio policy and spectrum allocation. South Korea used the 2018 Winter Olympics
(held in PyeongChang in February 2018) as an opportunity to showcase 5G technologies, and the
government has supported 5G research and trials, as well as making a commitment to invest
USD1.5 billion in 5G by 2020. MSIT’s ‘K-ICT’ plan committed to making 1300MHz to 5G by 2018
across the 3.5GHz and 28GHz bands, with a potential further 2GHz to be released in the 28GHz band.
South Korea’s MNOs all conducted extensive 5G testing, with the aim to be among the first operators in
the world to commercialize 5G. MSIT auctioned spectrum in the 3420–3700MHz range in 2018,
alongside 2.4GHz of spectrum in the 28GHz band. Following award of spectrum, the three operators
confirmed 5G services were commercially available toward the end of 2018, initially for enterprise
use.
Low-band spectrum
mobile services in South Korea.
Figure B.32: Current low-band spectrum holdings of MNOs in South Korea, MHz [Source: APT 372]
MNO 450 700 850 900 1400 1800 1900 2100 2300 2600 Total
SKT – – 30 – – 40 – 40 27 60 197
KT – – 10 20 – 60 – 40 30 – 160
LGU+ – – 20 – – 20 – 40 – 40 120
Total – – 60 20 – 120 – 120 57 100 477
Mid-band spectrum
The 3420–3700MHz range was auctioned in June 2018.373 As shown in Figure B.33 below, each of
the three South Korean MNOs won spectrum. Licenses start on December 1, 2018, and last 10 years.
Licenses are national and include a coverage obligation to build a certain number of base stations
within a given timeframe.374
372 Data from APT report APT/AWG/REP-15(Rev.5) and 2016 auction results; see http://www.apt.int/AWG-RECS-
REPS
373 MSIT announced results on June 18, 2018.
See http://www.msit.go.kr/web/msipContents/contentsView.do?cateId=mssw311&artId=1386500
374 See MSIT announcement for details.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Figure B.33: Outcome of South Korea’s 3420–3700MHz auction [Source: Analysys Mason, MSIT,375 2018]
Operator Spectrum won Spectrum range Price paid* (USD) Adjusted**

(MHz) USD/MHz/pop
SKT 100MHz 3600–3700MHz 1,100,000,000 0.3317
KT 100MHz 3500–3600MHz 872,000,000 0.2629
LGU+ 80MHz 3420–3500MHz 729,000,000 0.2748
Total 280MHz 3420–3700MHz 2,701,000,000 0.2898
*Sum of prices from principal and assignment stages.
**Adjusted to a 20-year license using a WACC of 6.0%.
The auction consisted of a principal stage and an assignment stage (clock auction and single-round
sealed bid respectively). Spectrum sold at the reserve price in the principal stage; the total price paid
was ~USD0.29/MHz/pop (after adjusting to a 20-year license duration).
High-band spectrum
2.4GHz of spectrum in the 28GHz band was auctioned alongside the 3420–3700MHz spectrum. As
shown in Figure B.33 below, each of the three South Korean MNOs won spectrum. Licenses start
on December 1, 2018, and last five years. Licenses are national and include a coverage obligation
to build a certain number of base stations within a given timeframe.376
Figure B.34: Outcome of South Korea’s 28GHz auction [Source: Analysys Mason, MSIT,377 2018]
Operator Spectrum won Spectrum range Price paid* Adjusted**

(MHz) (USD) USD/MHz/pop
SKT 800MHz 28100–28900MHz 186,700,000 0.0123
KT 800MHz 26500–27300MHz 187,200,000 0.0123
LGU+ 800MHz 27300–28100MHz 186,600,000 0.0123
Total 2400MHz 26500–28900MHz 560,500,000 0.0123
*Sum of prices from principal and assignment stages
**Adjusted to a 20-year license using a WACC of 6.0%
The auction consisted of a principal stage and an assignment stage (clock auction and sealed bid
respectively). Spectrum sold at the reserve price in the principal stage; the total price paid was
375 Ibid.
376 See MSIT announcement for details.
377 Ibid.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Low-band spectrum
We are not aware of any official upcoming assignment plans. However, we note that in
South Korea’s most recent auction (May 2016), 2×20MHz of spectrum in the 700MHz band
remained unsold. MSIT may choose to re-auction this block in the future.
Mid-band spectrum
We are not aware of any plans for further release of mid-band spectrum.
High-band spectrum
We are not aware of any plans for further release of high-band spectrum.
Each of South Korea’s three MNOs launched FWA 5G services (based on 3GPP NR standards) on
December 1, 2018,378 using spectrum in the 3420–3700MHz range. However, the service is limited
to enterprise customers only; details reported at the network launch are provided in Figure B.35
below. Full (mobile) commercial 5G launch for regular consumers is scheduled for March 2019 (the
MNOs have again agreed to launch at the same time379, 380). Figure B.35 also outlines further details
of the 5G commercial deployment plans announced by the three MNOs in South Korea.
Figure B.35: Announcements of 5G deployment progress by major MNOs in South Korea [Source:
http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20181202000143 unless otherwise specified]

• As of December 1, 2018, SKT has deployed 5G infrastructure in “13 cities and
counties” including Busan, Daejeon, and Gwangju
• Myunghwa – an automotive-part company based in Banwol Industrial Complex,
SKT
Ansan, Gyeonggi Province – became SKT’s first 5G customer. Myunghwa used SKT’s
telecom “5G-AI machine vision” solution to quality-check automotive parts from the
production line.
• As of December 1, 2018, KT has deployed 5G infrastructure in Seoul and six other
metropolitan cities across the country. KT plans to expand coverage to 24 major
KT
cities, including subway and bullet train KTX stations
• KT’s first user was an AI-equipped robot called Lota.
• As of December 1, 2018, LGU+ has built around 4,100 5G base stations in eleven
LGU+
cities including Seoul, Incheon, Daejeon, Bucheon, Goyang, Gwangmyeong, Hanam,
378 See http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20181202000143

379 See https://venturebeat.com/2018/11/29/south-korean-carriers-set-surprise-commercial-5g-launch-for-december-1/
380 We note that reports emerged in March 2019 stating that commercial 5G launch may be delayed to April 2019. See
http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20190307000772
Ref: 2015448-103 .

and other cities in Gyeonggi Province.381 LGU+ planned to reach 7,000 5G base
stations by the end of December 2018
• We understand that LGU+ expects to “adapt its 5G service for use in the remote
controlling of heavy equipment and agricultural machines, drones, CCTV, smart
factories and smart cities”.382 Its first 5G customer was tractor manufacturer LS Mtron
• On January 22, 2019, LGU+ reportedly383 stated that it would complete building its 5G
infrastructure in major cities by the end of 2019. It also confirmed that it had built
5,500 5G base stations as of end 2018; the report noted that KT and SKT were
estimated to each have around 3,000 5G base stations “on air” as of end 2018.
As described in our previous report, there was a strong focus on the Winter Olympics (held in
PyeongChang in February 2018) as an opportunity to showcase 5G technologies, and the
government also supported research and trials.384 The Olympics were used to demonstrate a variety
of next-generation use cases, which the South Korean government/MSIT extensively marketed,385
classified into five categories: 5G, IoT, VR, AI, and UHD.
In January 2014, MSIT announced386 plans to invest KRW1.6 trillion (USD1.5 billion) by 2020 to
enable local firms to build 5G networks. In January 2018, MSIT announced387 R&D funding for a
range of science/ICT projects, covering mobile communications and broadcasting (KRW70 billion),
‘SW computing’ (KRW146.6 billion), broadcasting (KRW65.7 billion), next-generation security
(KRW61.8 billion), and ‘devices’ (KRW43.5 billion). Details regarding to what extent funding
would be directly allocated to 5G-related projects were not provided. We understand that MSIT has
explicitly said388 that it hopes to co-operate with the major telecom providers in order to build 5G
infrastructure.
Indeed, in April 2018, MSIT announced389 a series of infrastructure-based measures (including

network-sharing obligations and revised legislation to enable operator access to street furniture)
aimed at accelerating 5G deployment. Further details are provided in Section 5.2. MSIT has also
announced390 that it will provide tax benefits and security maintenance services to the MNOs.
381 See https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2018/12/03/south-korean-5g-networks-live-for-

enterprise-customers/
382 Ibid.
383 See https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20190122007852320
384 See for example the 5GCHAMPION project (which received financial support from the European Union H2020
Programme and MSIT).
385 See https://blog.naver.com/with_msip/220979864407
386 See http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/business/2014/01/22/0504000000AEN20140122001200320.html
387 See http://www.msit.go.kr/web/msipContents/contentsView.do?cateId=mssw311&artId=1371962
388 See http://koreabizwire.com/5g-infrastructure-at-the-forefront-of-technology-investment-in-south-korea/106298
389 See https://www.msit.go.kr/web/msipContents/contentsView.do?cateId=mssw311&artId=1379674
390 See https://www.rcrwireless.com/20180717/5g/south-korean-telcos-agree-launch-5g-services-same-time-tag23
Ref: 2015448-103 .
B.10.5 Outlook
Our 5G outlook/assessment for South Korea is summarized in Figure B.36 below.
Figure B.36: 5G outlook for South Korea [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]

• All three MNOs launched limited FWA services in 2018
to 5G launch
1/4
2. Low-band spectrum • No plans for further spectrum assignment; 700MHz band
unsold at previous auction
• No plans for further spectrum assignment
• 2.4GHz of spectrum currently released 3/4
5. Total spectrum • Spectrum released across low, mid, and high bands 3/4
• MSIT announced plans to invest USD1.5 billion by 2020 for

6. National the construction of 5G networks
strategies/government • Tax benefits and security maintenance services for the MNOs 4/4
support • A series of infrastructure-based measures have also been
announced
Ref: 2015448-103 .
B.11 Spain
The Ministry of Economy and Enterprise (MINECO in Spanish) and the Ministry of Energy, Tourism
and Digital Agenda (MINTEAD) in Spain are the government departments responsible for
communications industries and spectrum policy. The National Commission on Markets and Competition
(CNMC) is an entity that promotes efficient functioning of all markets in the interests of consumers and
businesses. The Spanish government has published a 5G plan, and CNMC has announced 5G technology
trials. Spectrum in the 3.6–3.8GHz band was auctioned in July 2018. Operators are understood to be
targeting commercial launch in 2020.
Low-band spectrum
mobile services in Spain.
Figure B.37: Current low-band spectrum holdings of MNOs in Spain, MHz [Source: MINECO391]
MNO 450 700 800 900 1400 1800 1900* 2100 2300 2600 Total
Orange – – 20 20 – 40 – 30 – 50 160
Vodafone – – 20 20 – 40 – 30 – 60 170
Telefonica – – 20 30 – 40 – 30 – 40 160
Mas Movil – – – – – 30 – 30 – – 60
Total – – 60 70 – 150 – 120 – 180** 580
** 30MHz in the 2.6GHz band is assigned on a regional basis.392
Mid-band spectrum
Three of Spain’s MNOs own national licenses in the 3.4–3.6GHz band:393 Orange (2×20MHz),
Telefonica (2×20MHz), and Mas Movil (2×40MHz). These licenses are suitable for delivering 5G.
391 See https://sedeaplicaciones.minetur.gob.es/setsi_regconcesiones/default.aspx

392 I.e. the 2560–2570/2680–2690MHz FDD range and the 2595–2605MHz TDD range.
393 The exact assignments are as follows: Mas Movil (3400–3440/3500–3540MHz), Telefónica (3440–3460/3540–
3560MHz), Orange (3460–3480/3560–3580MHz). See
https://sedeaplicaciones.minetur.gob.es/setsi_regconcesiones/default.aspx
Orange acquired its spectrum at an auction in September 2016 for EUR20 million. See
https://www.xatakamovil.com/conectividad/la-subasta-de-nuevo-espectro-para-telefonia-movil-en-los-2-6-ghz-y-3-5-
ghz-se-aplaza-a-enero
Mas Movil acquired Neutra Network Services (for EUR15.5 million) in 2018 to gain 220MHz (3420–3440/3520–
3540MHz) of spectrum. It also acquired 220MHz (3400–3420/3500–3520MHz) from Eurona Wireless Telecom (for
EUR30 million) in 2018. See https://www.eurona.com/en/eurona-culmina-acuerdo-masmovil-licencia-5g-30-
millones/ and https://www.mobileworldlive.com/featured-content/top-three/masmovil-secures-5g-boost-with-neutra-
network-deal/
Ref: 2015448-103 .
The remaining 2×20MHz of the 3.4–3.6GHz band is used by the military for radiolocation services;
a consultation issued by MINTEAD in July 2017 indicates that this block is not expected to be
reallocated.394
MINTEAD completed an auction of the 3.6–3.8GHz range in July 2018. Forty 5MHz blocks were
available in the 3600–3800MHz band; licenses have a 20-year duration, are nationwide, technology
neutral and without coverage obligations. As shown in Figure B.38 below, three MNOs won
spectrum: Vodafone, Telefónica, and Orange.
Figure B.38: Outcome of Spain’s 3.6–3.8GHz auction in July 2018 [Source: MINTEAD, 2018]

Vodafone 90MHz N/d 493,000,000 0.1174
Telefonica 50MHz N/d 271,000,000 0.1161
Orange 60MHz N/d 329,000,000 0.1174
Mas Movil - - - -
Total 200MHz - 1,092,000,000 0.1171
* Price includes NPV of annual license fees incurred over the duration of the license (discounted using WACC of
6.0%).
The auction consisted of a principal stage and an assignment stage (clock auction and sealed-bid
respectively). Spectrum sold at the reserve price in the principal stage; the total price paid was
High-band spectrum
No high-band spectrum is currently available for commercial mobile services in Spain.
Low-band spectrum
On November 28, 2017, Spain’s MINTEAD launched396 a public consultation on allocating the
700MHz band (currently used for DTT) to mobile. Later in 2018, MINECO published397 a roadmap
for the licensing of the 700MHz band, stating that the government aims to release the band by
June 30, 2020 (in accordance with EU requirements). Migration of incumbent DTT services will
394 See http://www.mincotur.gob.es/telecomunicaciones/es-ES/Participacion/Documents/Plan-Nacional-5G.pdf

396 See http://www.minetad.gob.es/telecomunicaciones/es-ES/Participacion/Paginas/consulta-publica-banda-700-
MHz.aspx
397 See http://www.mineco.gob.es/stfls/mineco/comun/pdf/Hoja_de_Ruta_Segundo_Dividendo_Digital.pdf
Ref: 2015448-103 .
happen between January 2019 and March 2020. Reports398 in November 2018 suggest that MINECO
expects to auction the band in early 2020.
At the beginning of July 2017, MINTEAD launched399 a consultation on the future introduction of
5G technology. The document identified the L-band (1427–1518MHz) as a potential band for 5G.
In December 2018, MINTEAD published400 “Spain’s 5G National Plan 2018–2020”, which states
that “actions will be taken” to assign the 1452–1492MHz portion of the band (which is currently
available), and that “actions should be taken” to free up the remainder of the band (which is currently
in use). No timeframes have been specified. The document also states401 that demand for shared use
of the 2.3–2.4GHz band for 5G “will be examined”.
Mid-band spectrum
We are not aware of any plans for further release of mid-band spectrum.
High-band spectrum
The 5G consultation launched by MINTEAD in July 2017 (see above) also identified mm-wave
bands (particularly the 24.25–27.5GHz band) as having further potential for 5G.
The document notes that the lower 400MHz portion of the 24.25–27.5GHz band is currently
available for immediate 5G use, as well as “another 500MHz plus 500MHz with limitations” in the
upper portion of the band; we are not aware of any official decision relating to the timing of
assignment. Finally, the document also states that, in accordance with the RSPG recommendations,
“actions will be taken” to facilitate the availability of the 31.8–33.4GHz and 40.5–43.5GHz bands
for 5G in the future.
Figure B.39 outlines 5G commercial deployment plans announced by the major MNOs in Spain:
Figure B.39: Announcements of 5G deployment plans by major MNOs in Spain [Source: MNO press releases]

Vodafone • No explicit 5G commercial launch dates publicly announced
398 Previous reports had suggested that the auction was scheduled for Q1 2019. See for example:
https://www.rcrwireless.com/20181105/5g/spain-award-700-spectrum-5g-services-q1-2019
https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2018/11/22/spain-postpones-700mhz-sale-until-
2020
399 See http://www.minetad.gob.es/telecomunicaciones/es-ES/Participacion/Paginas/plan-nacional-5G.aspx
400 See https://avancedigital.gob.es/5G/Documents/plan_nacional_5G_en.pdf
401 The band is currently being used for telemetry and television mobile radio links (ENG) services in Spain, meaning that
“in the short term it could only be used through Licensed Shared Access (LSA)”. Demand for 5G mobile usage of the
band under an LSA arrangement will be examined.
Ref: 2015448-103 .

• On July 27, 2018, reports402 stated that Vodafone had deployed over thirty antennas
for pre-commercial NSA 5G trials across six cities: Madrid, Barcelona, Seville, Malaga,
Bilbao, and Valencia.
• On January 22, 2018, Telefonica unveiled403 its ‘5G Technological Cities’ project, which
will convert the cities of Segovia and Talavera de la Reina into 5G ‘living laboratories’
Telefonica between 2018 and 2020
• On May 20, 2018, reports404 stated that Telefonica does not plan to launch commercial
5G services prior to 2020.
• In February 2018, Orange stated405 that it was in the process of selecting four cities in
which to launch commercial 5G services in 2019
• In October 2018, Orange announced406 the first seven cities in which it will carry out 5G
pilot tests until the end of 2019. Barcelona, Seville, Santiago de Compostela, Vigo,
Malaga, Valencia, and Bilbao will be used for the testing of 35 5G use cases, including
connected cars, industrial automation, and virtual classrooms
Orange • On December 12, 2018, Orange Group stated407 that “5G is gradually being deployed on
existing 4G sites. It will be installed in 17 European cities [Belgium, France, Luxembourg,
Poland, Romania and Spain408] in 2019 and ready for commercial release in 2020, so
long as enough 5G smartphones are available”. We understand 409 that customers in the
17 cities will be able to experience 5G services in 2019, and that the initial services will
be mainly targeted at enterprise customers. In the case of Spain, Orange stated that it
aims to achieve pre-commercial deployments of 5G in “three or four” cities in 2019.
Mas Movil • No explicit 5G commercial launch dates publicly announced
In December 2017, MINTEAD published410 “Spain’s 5G National Plan 2018–2020”, consisting of

the following four ‘pillars’:
• radio spectrum management and planning

• driving 5G technology – Network and service pilot projects and R&D activities
• regulatory issues
402 See https://www.panoramaaudiovisual.com/en/2018/07/27/%EF%BB%BF%EF%BB%BFvodafone-despliegue-5g-

precomercial-madrid-barcelona-sevilla-malaga-bilbao-valencia/
403 See https://www.telefonica.com/en/web/press-office/-/telefonica-leads-the-way-towards-5g-with-deployments-in-two-
spanish-cities
404 See https://www.efe.com/efe/espana/economia/telefonica-ve-arriesgado-comenzar-el-despliegue-de-5g-antes-
2020/10003-3621482
405 See https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2018/03/01/orange-espana-earmarks-3-5ghz-
band-for-5g-eyes-four-city-launch-in-2019/
406 See https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2018/10/26/orange-unveils-seven-spanish-5g-
test-cities/
407 See https://www.orange-business.com/en/press/orange-presents-major-innovations-focused-digital-inclusion-show-
hello
408 See https://www.lightreading.com/mobile/5g/eurobites-orange-preps-5g-launch-in-17-european-cities/d/d-id/748227
409 See https://www.rcrwireless.com/20181214/5g/orange-launch-5g-17-european-cities-next-year
410 See https://avancedigital.gob.es/5G/Documents/plan_nacional_5G_en.pdf
Ref: 2015448-103 .
• 5G Plan co-ordination and international co-operation.
Under the ‘Driving 5G technology’ pillar, measures include:
• calling for one or more pilot projects for the experimental deployment of 5G networks
• using such infrastructure to test other third-party innovative applications in the area of intelligent
territories, farming, tourism, connected vehicle, etc.
• monitoring and disseminating the different pilot projects and their outcomes through the
National Plan Technical Office
• adopting R&D measures on 5G technologies within the Strategic Action Economy and Digital
Society.
Within the framework of the National Plan, in February 2018 MINTEAD announced411 that
EUR20 million would be provided to two private-sector 5G pilot projects; a call for applications
was published412 in October 2018.
B.11.5 Outlook
Our 5G outlook/assessment for Spain is summarized in Figure B.40 below.
Figure B.40: 5G outlook for Spain [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]

1. Industry commitment • Two MNOs to launch in 2019; two MNOs have not confirmed 2/4
to 5G launch launch dates
3/4
2. Low-band spectrum • 700MHz to be assigned in 2020; L-band and 2.3GHz for
potential future assignment
0/4
4. High-band spectrum • Spectrum in 26GHz to be made available; no timeline
confirmed
• Strong performance in mid-band spectrum. Further behind in 2/4
5. Total spectrum
low and high bands
6. National • Spain’s 5G National Plan 2018–2020
2/4
strategies/government • EUR20 million will be provided to two private-sector 5G pilot
support projects
411 See https://techcraftblog.blogspot.com/2018/02/the-spain-government-will-invest-20-million-euros-to-boost-the-5G-

networks.html
412 See http://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/lang/en/gobierno/news/Paginas/2018/20181035gtechnology.aspx
Ref: 2015448-103 .
B.12 Sweden
The Ministry of Enterprise and Innovation is the government department in Sweden responsible for
information technology, enterprise and industrial policy, and the Swedish Post and Telecom Authority
(PTS) is the telecommunications regulatory authority in Sweden, responsible for spectrum assignment
and licensing. In February 2018, PTS issued a consultation document on plans to award 5G spectrum
licenses in the 3.4–3.8GHz band and in 26.5–27.5GHz. The intention is for spectrum within both bands
to be assigned for 5G use during 2019, with the spectrum available for use after 2020. In the 3.4–3.8GHz
band, 300MHz of spectrum will be made available initially from 3400–3700MHz. PTS also conducted
an auction of 700MHz spectrum in December 2018. Swedish mobile operator Telia announced in
December 2018 that in partnership with Ericsson and KTH (Royal Institute of Technology in
Stockholm), it was launching an innovation arena where 5G applications can be tested, using 3GPP-
standardized 5G radio access network technology. It is understood that Telia and other Swedish operators
are targeting 2020 for commercial 5G launch, once spectrum has been assigned.
Low-band spectrum
mobile services in Sweden.
Figure B.41: Current low-band spectrum holdings of MNOs in Sweden, MHz [Source: PTS]
MNO 450 700 800 900 1400 1800 1900* 2100 2300 2600 Total
Telia – 20 20 20 – 70 – – – 40 170
Telenor – – 10 – – – 40 – – 50
Tele2 – – 18 – – – – – 18
Tre – – 20 10 – – – 40 – 70 140
Net4 Mobility** – 20 20 12 – 70 – – – 80 202
SUNAB*** – – – – – – – 40 – – 40
Net 1 10 – – – – – – – – – 10
Total 10 40 60 70 – 140 – 120 – 190 630
** Net4Mobility is a joint venture between Tele2 and Telenor.
*** SUNAB is a joint venture between Tele2 and Telia.
We also note that 3GIS is a joint venture between Telenor and Tre, which was set up following the assignment of 3G
spectrum in the 2100MHz band.413
The 40MHz of spectrum in the 700MHz band was won at an auction held in December 2018.414
Three FDD lots were made available: one 2×10MHz lot (713–723/768–778MHz) with specific
413 Telenor’s and Three’s licenses required each MNO to deploy individual networks in Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmo,
and Karlskrona (with population coverage of 30%) by end-2003, while 3GIS took responsibility to provide 3G services
to 70% of the Swedish population in all other areas by that date. See http://www.3gis.net/English
414 See https://pts.se/en/english-b/radio/auctions/700/
Ref: 2015448-103 .
coverage obligations attached and two 2×5MHz lots (723–733/778–788MHz) with no coverage
obligations. As shown in Figure B.42 below, the former was won by Telia for ~USD152 million,
while the latter was won by Net4 Mobility for ~USD158 million. Tre participated in the auction but
did not win any spectrum. The average price paid was ~USD0.76/MHz/pop (after adjusting to a 20-
year license duration).
Figure B.42: Outcome of Sweden’s 3.6–3.8GHz auction in July 2018 [Source: PTS, 2018]
Operator Spectrum won Spectrum range Price paid Adjusted**

(MHz) (USD) USD/MHz/pop
Telia 20MHz 713–723/768–778* 152,313,000 0.7456
Net4 Mobility 20MHz 723–733/778–788 158,843,000 0.7775
Total 40MHz 713–733/768–788 311,156,000 0.7616
*Spectrum license includes coverage obligations.
The 2×10MHz block at the bottom of the 700MHz band (703–713/758–768MHz) has been reserved
for PPDR.
Mid-band spectrum
Two MNOs in Sweden own national415 2×20MHz licenses in the 3.6–3.8GHz band: TDC Sverige
(owned by Tele2) (3600–3620MHz, 3700–3720MHz) and B2 Bredband (owned by Telenor) (3620–
3640MHz, 3720–3740MHz). These licenses are technology and service neutral and expire in
December 2022. The remaining spectrum in the 3.6–3.8GHz range was auctioned on a regional
basis, though most of the licenses have not been assigned.
Until recently, two MNOs in Sweden also owned national licenses in the 3.4–3.6GHz band: Telia-
Sonera (3438–3466MHz, 3538–3566MHz) and Tele2 (3466–3494MHz, 3566–3594MHz).
However, these licenses expired in December 2017. The 3410–3438MHz and 3510–3538MHz
ranges are currently allocated to several local operators with regional416 based technology-neutral
licenses which expire (at the latest) in March 2023.
415 In 2007, PTS auctioned four 40MHz blocks (two FDD and two TDD) in the 3.6–3.8GHz band in each of Sweden’s
290 municipalities. B2 Bredband won one FDD block in every municipality, meaning that it effectively holds a national
license of 2×20MHz. Of the remaining 870 licenses, the majority (758) remained unsold and were re-auctioned in
2009. 265 of these licenses are now assigned; these licenses are spread out geographically across the country (most
assigned licenses are in the more northerly municipalities). The 2009 auction also made available a national 2×20MHz
block, which was won by TDC Sverige. All licenses expire in December 2022. See February 2018 consultation.
416 The licenses in the 3.4–3.6GHz band were originally assigned on a county basis, but the charging base for the annual
fees comprises population by municipality. There are licenses assigned in 98 out of 290 municipalities; most of these
are concentrated in the North of Sweden. The February 2018 consultation states that the majority of license holders
are not using their licenses. On October 16, 2018, PTS announced that it had asked all licensees that were not using
(or lightly using) their licenses to return them to the regulator. See https://www.pts.se/sv/nyheter/radio/2018/pts-vill-
att-kommunala-frekvenstillstand-i-35-ghz-bandet-lamnas-tillbaka/
Ref: 2015448-103 .
High-band spectrum
No high-band spectrum is currently available for commercial mobile services in Sweden.
Low-band spectrum
The 700MHz auction held in December 2018 made available four 5MHz blocks of SDL spectrum
(738–758MHz) in addition to the FDD spectrum described above. However, the SDL spectrum was
not sold. PTS stated417 that it would “analyze the possible future use of the unsold SDL licenses”.
PTS has plans to release spectrum in both the 1400MHz418 and 2300MHz419 bands for mobile
broadband:
• On March 29, 2018, PTS published420 its '[2018] orientation plan' for future spectrum awards.
PTS states that an award of spectrum in the 1400MHz band (1427–1518MHz) is planned for
“2019 or later”.
• On May 2, 2018, PTS proposed421 that the 2300–2380MHz range422 be assigned to mobile “by
selection procedure in 2019 or later, possibly along with the 3.4–3.8GHz frequency band”. On
September 25, 2018, a further consultation was issued.423. Most recently, on February 6, 2018,
the PTS proposed424 that the 2300–2380MHz range is assigned in eight 10MHz blocks in a
clock-auction format alongside the 3.4-3.8GHz band; licenses would expire in 2044.
Mid-band spectrum
PTS issued425 a consultation on August 30, 2016, analyzing the need for the award of spectrum in
the 3438–3510MHz and 3538–3600MHz ranges. The consultation proposed that the two bands be
handled together, and therefore that PTS would hold off on a new assignment “until the [entire] 3.4–
417 See https://pts.se/en/news/press-releases/2018/700-mhz-auction-is-closed--auction-proceeds-were-28-billion-sek/

418 For an index of documentation and news relating to the 1500MHz band (including previous consultations, etc.), see
https://pts.se/sv/bransch/radio/auktioner/15-ghz/
419 For an index of documentation and news relating to the 2.3GHz band (including previous consultations, etc.), see
https://pts.se/sv/bransch/radio/auktioner/23-ghz-bandet/
420 See http://pts.se/en/news/radio/2018/pts-orientation-plan-for-spectrum-management/
421 See https://pts.se/sv/dokument/remisser/radio/2018/remiss-av-uppdaterad-forstudie-infor-tilldelning-i-23-ghz-bandet/
422 The 2380–2400MHz range will continue to be used by wireless cameras and mobile video links. PTS also proposes
a protection for Onsala Space Observatory operations through state conditions where licensees are required to
collectively ensure that any mobile broadband interference in the Gothenburg area does not exceed certain levels.
423 See https://pts.se/sv/dokument/remisser/radio/2018/konsultation-avseende-tilldelning-i-23-och-35-ghz-banden/
424 See https://pts.se/sv/nyheter/radio/2019/pts-tar-emot-synpunkter-pa-forslag-om-tilldelning-av-23--och-35-ghz-
banden/
425 See http://www.pts.se/upload/Remisser/2016/Spektrum/3-5-GHZ-forstudie-2016-25.pdf
Ref: 2015448-103 .
3.8GHz band can be reassigned”. This approach was confirmed in a statement426, 427 released by PTS
on October 14, 2016.
On February 15, 2018, PTS published428 a consultation on the release of the 3.4–3.8GHz band for
5G. On May 3, 2018, PTS published429 responses to the consultation and its revised proposals for
assigning the spectrum. PTS has since confirmed430 its intention to assign the 3.4–3.7GHz range on
a nationwide basis in late 2019 or early 2020,431 and the 3.7–3.8GHz range on a regional basis from
2023.
Most recently, further consultations have proposed details of the assignment approach:
• On February 6, 2018, the PTS proposed432 that the 3.4-3.7GHz range is assigned in fifteen
20MHz blocks in a clock-auction format alongside the 2.3GHz band; a cap of 120MHz would
apply and licenses would expire in 2044.
• In October 2018, PTS published a consultation outlining different options433 for the 3.7–3.8GHz
band. Spectrum in this range will be assigned administratively, whereas spectrum in the 3.4–
3.7GHz range will be assigned via some form of competitive market mechanism (e.g. an
auction).
High-band spectrum
The consultation (referred to above) published by PTS on February 15, 2018, also sought comment
on the release of the 26GHz (24.25–27.5GHz) band for 5G. PTS proposed that the 26.5–27.5GHz
range should be opened for assignment (in small geographical areas on an administrative basis) from
2019, with the remainder of the band opened for assignment subsequently (once technical
conditions, etc. have been clarified).
426 See http://www.pts.se/sv/Dokument/Rapporter/Radio/2016/Analys-av-behov-och-efterfragan-for-en-ny-tilldelning-

genom-urvalsforfarande-i-frekvensomradena-34383510-och-35383600-MHz/
427 PTS also re-released the consultation document, with an additional section on stakeholder responses, claiming that
all stakeholders that responded to the consultation (Hi3G, Huawei, Tele2, Telenor, TeliaSonera) endorsed its
recommendations.
428 See https://www.pts.se/contentassets/9057a944959742878f4b3ce0e7ade9f7/remiss-av-rapport-infor-framtida-
tilldelning-av-frekvenser-for-5g/forstudie-frekvenser-5g-remissrapport.pdf (English version also available)
429 See https://www.pts.se/contentassets/9057a944959742878f4b3ce0e7ade9f7/inriktning-frekvenser-for-5g-
bemotande-remissvar.pdf (English version also available)
430 See https://pts.se/globalassets/startpage/dokument/listningar-pa-textsidor/35-ghz/infomote-21-sep.pdf
431 The potential date of access differs depending on when existing licenses expire.
432 See https://pts.se/sv/nyheter/radio/2019/pts-tar-emot-synpunkter-pa-forslag-om-tilldelning-av-23--och-35-ghz-
banden/
433 The consultation considers an option where spectrum is licensed exclusively on a site-by-site basis, as well as an
option where spectrum is shared between local coverage providers and site-by-site licensees. Details of the region
size for local coverage licenses have not been provided. We note that in the previous 3.4–3.8GHz auctions lots have
been made available in each of Sweden’s 290 municipalities. At the time of the 3.6–3.8GHz auction in 2007, the
average municipality population was ~33,000. See https://pts.se/globalassets/startpage/dokument/listningar-pa-
textsidor/35-ghz/infomote-21-sep.pdf
Ref: 2015448-103 .
However, due to consultation responses, on May 3, 2018, PTS announced its decision434 that the
best option was to “begin work on assigning frequencies at a point when the conditions for
assignment of the entire band can be determined”.
Figure B.43 outlines 5G commercial deployment plans announced by the major MNOs in Sweden:
Figure B.43: Announcements of 5G deployment plans by major MNOs in Sweden [Source: MNO press releases]

• On December 5, 2018, Telia and Ericsson announced435 the launch of a 5G network at
Telia KTH (the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm). Telia described this as “a key
step toward commercial launch of 5G in Sweden in 2020”.
• On November 9, 2018, Telenor announced436 that it had launched a 5G pilot in Kongsberg
Telenor which will run until Summer 2019. The MNO stated that “the plan is, together with Tele2,
to start rolling out a new nationwide network that is 5G-compatible during the second half
of 2019, with the ambition of giving the first customers access to 5G with full functionality
in 2020”
• On December 10, 2018, Tele2 and Telenor announced437 that they had “signed a new
Tele2
supplementary agreement on the expansion of a joint and nationwide 5G network in
Sweden. The parties have agreed on the details of the implementation planned for the
second half of 2019.” They aim to “give the first customers access to 5G by 2020”
Tre • No explicit 5G commercial launch dates publicly announced.
Sweden adopted438 a national broadband plan in 2016, which included the following targets:
• 95% coverage of households and companies with 100Mbps broadband by 2020

• 98% coverage of households and companies with 1Gbps broadband by 2025; of the remaining
2%, 1.9% must have speeds of 100Mbps, and 0.1% must have speeds of 30Mbps
• ubiquitous439 access to ‘high-quality’ mobile services by 2023.
434 See https://pts.se/globalassets/startpage/dokument/icke-legala-dokument/rapporter/2018/radio/preliminary-study-

consultation-pts-responses.pdf
435 See https://www.teliacompany.com/en/news/news-articles/2018/swedens-first-5g-network-goes-live/
436 See http://press.telenor.se/pressreleases/telenor-inleder-skandinaviens-foersta-5g-pilot-ger-familjer-tillgaang-till-
framtidens-mobilnaet-2793357
437 See https://www.tele2.com/sv/Media/pressmeddelanden/2018/tele2-och-telenor-sakrar-nya-frekvenser-och-
befaster-gemensam-plan-for-5g-nat-i-sverige
438 See https://www.government.se/496173/contentassets/afe9f1cfeaac4e39abcdd3b82d9bee5d/sweden-completely-
connected-by-2025-eng.pdf
439 See document for details.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Sweden is part of the Nordic-Baltic co-operation on 5G, undertaken within the framework of the
Nordic Council of Ministers.440 In May 2018, the Nordic governments signed441 a declaration on
5G, with the common vision of being the “first and foremost-integrated region in the world”. To
achieve this goal, the Nordic-Baltic countries have set up “a common action plan for early adoption
of 5G technology”.
B.12.5 Outlook
Our 5G outlook/assessment for Sweden is summarized in Figure B.44 below.
Figure B.44: 5G outlook for Sweden [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]

• L-band spectrum to be awarded in 2019 or later
1/4
3. Mid-band spectrum • Entire 3.4–3.8GHz to be awarded for mobile use (3.4–3.7GHz
on a nationwide basis in 2019/20)
0/4
4. High-band spectrum • Entire 26GHz band to be assigned together; timeline not yet
confirmed
• Strong performance in low-band spectrum, with 700MHz band
5. Total spectrum already auctioned. Further behind with mid- and high-band 2/4
spectrum
6. National
• National broadband plan has set coverage targets for mobile 1/4
services
support
440 See https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/country-information-sweden

441 See https://www.government.se/49b8be/globalassets/government/dokument/statsradsberedningen/letter-of-intent--
development-of-5g-in-the-nordic-region-.pdf
Ref: 2015448-103 .
B.13 UK
The Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) is the government department responsible for
telecom strategy and policy in the UK, and Ofcom is the communications regulator with responsibility
for spectrum management. The UK government has stated that it is aiming for the UK market to be a
global leader in 5G and has committed to investing GBP740 million in full fiber and 5G technology by
2020–21. Ofcom has put in place specific plans to release each of the bands identified by the European
Commission for 5G use in Europe (700MHz, 3.4–3.8GHz, and 24.25–27.5GHz). An auction of spectrum
in the 3.4–3.6GHz band was completed in 2018 and Ofcom has subsequently confirmed plans to auction
a further 120MHz of spectrum in the 3.6–3.8GHz band along with 230MHz of paired spectrum, and
20MHz of unpaired ‘center gap’ spectrum in the 700MHz band. Ofcom’s 700MHz auction will include
coverage obligations designed to improve outdoor mobile coverage in the UK, and coverage to premises.
Two major UK operators – BT/EE and Vodafone – have announced 5G trials, with three operators
(BT/EE, Vodafone, and Three) indicating that they will have commercial 5G services available in 2019.
Low-band spectrum
mobile services in the UK.
Figure B.45: Current low-band spectrum holdings of MNOs in the UK, MHz [Source: Ofcom442]
MNO 450 700 800 900 1400 1800 1900* 2100 2300 2600 Total
O2 – – 20 34.8 – 11.6 – 20 40 – 126.4
BT/EE – – 10 – – 90 – 40 – 115 255
Vodafone – – 20 34.8 20 11.6 – 29.6 – 60 176
Three UK – – 10 – 20 30 – 29.5 – – 89.5
Total – – 60 69.6 40 143.2 – 119.1 40 175 646.9
* Spectrum assigned in 3GPP bands 33 and 34 is excluded, since it is not used
The 40MHz of 2.3GHz band spectrum licensed to O2 was assigned alongside 3.4GHz spectrum at
an auction held in April 2018 (see below).
442 See Figure 5.2 in the following consultation: https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/130726/Award-of-

the-700-MHz-and-3.6-3.8-GHz-spectrum-bands.pdf
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Mid-band spectrum
FWA operator UK Broadband (owned by MNO Three) owns national licenses in the 3480–
3500MHz, 3580–3600MHz,443 3600–3680MHz,444 and 3925–4009MHz445 mid-band ranges.
In April 2018, Ofcom completed an auction of 150MHz in the 3.4–3.6GHz band. Thirty 5MHz
blocks were auctioned in the 3410–3480MHz and 3500–3580MHz ranges446 at a reserve price of
GBP1 million (USD1.3 million) per block. Licenses are national, technology neutral and without
coverage obligations. Licenses were awarded in perpetuity (with further payment required after
20 years447). As shown in Figure B.46 below, all four MNOs won spectrum.
Figure B.46: Outcome of the UK’s 3.4–3.6GHz auction in April 2018 [Source: Ofcom,448 2018]

O2 40MHz 3500–3540 445,000,000 0.1675
BT/EE 40MHz 3540–3580 425,000,000 0.1601
Vodafone 50MHz 3410–3460 530,000,000 0.1595
Three 20MHz 3460–3480 230,000,000 0.1734
Total 150MHz - 1,631,000,000 0.1637
*Sum of prices from principal and assignment stages
**Adjusted to a 20-year license using a WACC of 6.0%
443 In June 2003 the Radiocommunications Agency (RA) held a regional 3.4–3.6GHz FWA auction. Two 20MHz TDD
blocks (3480–3500MHz and 3580–3600MHz) were made available under a single license in each of 15 regions; the
15 regions collectively covered the entirety of the UK. Poundradio (which changed its name to UK Broadband shortly
after the auction) won licenses in 13 out of the 15 regions. It subsequently acquired the remaining two licenses, by
buying the companies (Red Spectrum and Public Hub) that won them in the auction. In March 2007, Ofcom agreed
to combine UK Broadband’s licenses into a single nationwide license. Later in 2007, UK Broadband successfully
requested a variation to its license conditions to allow technology and application neutrality (thereby allowing mobile
as well as FWA use). In June 2014, Ofcom extended the duration of the license to be indefinite (the original licenses
expired after 15 years). See:
https://www.ofcom.org.uk/research-and-data/telecoms-research/broadband-research/oftel_internet_broadband_brief
https://www.ofcom.org.uk/consultations-and-statements/category-2/uk-broadband-licence
444 This license was previously for 3605–3689MHz. On June 27, 2018, Ofcom published a consultation on varying UK
Broadband’s license in this range. UK Broadband requested to shift its license to 3600–3680MHz and change the
applicable technical conditions. The request was granted by Ofcom on December 14, 2018. See:
https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0028/96913/UK-Broadband.pdf
https://www.ofcom.org.uk/consultations-and-statements/category-2/variation-uk-broadbands-spectrum-access-
licence-3.6-ghz
https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/130253/Statement-UK-Broadbands-spectrum-access-licence-
3.6-GHz.pdf
445 Unlike UK Broadband’s other mid-band spectrum licenses, this license is for FWA only, and allows individual
deployments on a first-come, first-served basis, subject to co-ordination by Ofcom (with incumbent satellite earth
stations and fixed links).
446 I.e. the full 3.4–3.6GHz band was auctioned, excluding the two 20MHz TDD portions already licensed to UK
Broadband, and a guard band at 3400–3410MHz.
447 See auction documentation for details: https://www.ofcom.org.uk/spectrum/spectrum-management/spectrum-
awards/awards-archive/2-3-and-3-4-ghz-auction
448 See https://www.ofcom.org.uk/spectrum/spectrum-management/spectrum-awards/awards-in-progress/2-3-and-3-4-
ghz-auction
Ref: 2015448-103 .
The auction consisted of a principal stage and an assignment stage (SMRA auction and single-round
sealed bid respectively). The average price paid was ~USD0.16/MHz/pop (after adjusting to a 20-
year license duration).
High-band spectrum
No high-band spectrum is currently available for commercial mobile services in the UK.
Low-band spectrum
Ofcom plans to release 2×30MHz in the 700MHz FDD band (703–733/758–788MHz) and 20MHz
in the 700MHz TDD band (738–758MHz) for mobile. Incumbent DTT users are in the process of
vacating the band. On December 10, 2018, Ofcom published its most recent update of the 700MHz
clearance program, stating that the expected completion date is Q2 2020.
On December 18, 2018, Ofcom published450 a consultation on its proposal to conduct a combined
auction of the 700MHz and 3.6–3.8GHz ranges in CCA format; responses are due by March 12,
2019. The consultation proposes to award six 2×5MHz lots (with a reserve price in the range
GBP100 million–240 million per lot) and four 5MHz lots (with a reserve price of GBP1 million per
lot). Further details (e.g. coverage obligations451) can be found in the consultation. The award is
expected to have concluded by Spring 2020, with 700MHz spectrum available for mobile use by
May/June 2020.
Also on December 18, 2018, Ofcom published452 a consultation on enabling shared access to
spectrum. Two types of sharing are proposed:
• Three ‘shared access bands’: 1781.7–1785/1876.7–1880MHz, 2390–2400MHz, and 3.8–

4.2GHz.453 Under the proposals, companies would be able to apply to Ofcom for a license in
these spectrum ranges in a specific location. Subject to co-ordination by Ofcom, licenses would
450 See https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/130726/Award-of-the-700-MHz-and-3.6-3.8-GHz-

spectrum-bands.pdf
451 Up to two winning bidders would each have to, within four years of the award: (1) Extend good, outdoor data coverage
to at least 90% of the UK’s entire land area; (2) Improve coverage for at least 140,000 homes and offices which they
do not already cover. This means new coverage will be targeted at areas that are harder to reach; and (3) Provide
coverage from at least 500 new mobile mast stations in rural areas. This will ensure operators transform coverage in
areas where it is lacking, rather than meeting the rules by just boosting existing signals.
Ofcom is proposing to offer the two coverage obligations as two “coverage lots” in the auction (in addition to the
spectrum lots). The winner of a coverage lot would receive a discount on its spectrum lots, up to a maximum set by
Ofcom.
452 See https://www.ofcom.org.uk/consultations-and-statements/category-1/enabling-opportunities-for-innovation
453 The 1800MHz shared spectrum is currently authorised to 12 Concurrent Spectrum Access (CSA) licensees on a
shared basis. The MoD has some deployments in the 2300MHz shared spectrum. The 3.8–4.2GHz band is currently
used by satellite Earth stations, point-to-point fixed links and wireless access applications (fixed) by UK Broadband.
Deployments in the band are technically co-ordinated by Ofcom on a first-come, first-served basis.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
be issued on a first-come, first-served basis; a cost-based annual fee would apply. Ofcom states
that it will “explore the potential for introducing DSA in the three shared access bands”.
• Access to previously awarded mobile spectrum: currently the 800MHz, 900MHz, 1400MHz,
1800MHz, 1900MHz, 2100MHz, 2.3GHz, 2.6GHz, and 3.4GHz bands. Under the proposals,
companies would be able to apply to Ofcom for a license in these spectrum ranges in a specific
location. Ofcom would then contact the relevant MNO(s), and if no reasonable objection is
raised, a local license would be issued for a default term of three years.
The consultation closes on March 12, 2019. Ofcom intends to publish a statement in Q2 2019 to
confirm its proposals, and it plans to make new licenses available in the second half of 2019.
Mid-band spectrum
As referred to above, on December 18, 2018, Ofcom published a consultation454 on its proposal to
conduct a combined auction of the 700MHz and 3.6–3.8GHz ranges (excluding the 80MHz already
licensed to UK Broadband455) in CCA format; responses are due by March 12, 2019. The
consultation proposes to award twenty-four 5MHz lots (with a reserve price in the range
GBP15 million–25 million per lot). Further details (e.g. spectrum caps456) can be found in the
consultation. The award is expected to have concluded by Spring 2020, with 3.6–3.8GHz spectrum
available for mobile use in some parts of the UK by mid-2020, and possibly as early as 2019, subject
to interim co-ordination requirements.457
As also referred to above, on December 18, 2018, Ofcom published458 a consultation on proposed
sharing arrangements in the 3.8–4.2GHz band (see above for details).
454 Three further consultations were published on January 31, 2019, relating to the 700MHz and 3.6–3.8GHz auction:
(1) Ofcom’s approach to verifying compliance [with the coverage obligations]
(2) Proposals to make a limitation order and amend the mobile trading and the register regulations
(3) Proposals to make the auction regulations
See:
https://www.ofcom.org.uk/consultations-and-statements/category-2/coverage-obligations-in-the-700-mhz-and-3.6-
3.8-ghz-spectrum-award
https://www.ofcom.org.uk/consultations-and-statements/category-2/regulations-award-700-mhz-3.6-3.8-ghz
https://www.ofcom.org.uk/consultations-and-statements/category-2/proposal-auction-regulations-700mhz-3.6-3.8-
ghz
455 I.e. 3600–3680MHz.
456 An overall spectrum cap (on currently held spectrum and spectrum won in the 3.6–3.8GHz band) of 416MHz will apply
to each operator. This limits the amount which certain operators can bid for.
457 Most of the users will have left the band by mid-2020, thereby making the band useable nationwide by this date with
only some relatively minor deployment restrictions. (Beyond mid-2020 the only incumbent user that could potentially
affect deployment to any significant degree is a fixed link operating between the Isle of Wight and Portsmouth which
is due to be cleared by the end of 2022.)
458 This follows a ‘Call for Input’ on the 3.8–4.2GHz range published in 2016. See
https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0031/79564/3.8-GHz-to-4.2-GHz-band-Opportunities-for-
Innovation.pdf
Ref: 2015448-103 .
High-band spectrum
Several regional licenses have been assigned in the 28GHz band in the UK, but these are not suitable
for mobile use.
On September 22, 2017, Ofcom concluded459 its ‘Call for Inputs on the 26GHz spectrum band’. The
document states that Ofcom is undertaking work to make the 26GHz band (24.25–27.5GHz)
available for 5G, and also provides a 5G roadmap for further mm-wave bands. In particular, Ofcom
believes that “the bands with significant potential are 66–71GHz, and bands around 40GHz (37–
43.5GHz)”.460 Although the 32GHz band was initially considered to be “a promising band for 5G in
Europe”, because of the potential for global equipment harmonization around 40GHz, Ofcom
“considers 40GHz is a higher priority”.
Test licences in the lower part of the 26GHz band are available through Ofcom’s “Innovation and
trial licensing” program, under which trial licenses can be requested in the 5.9–26.1GHz band. In
March 2018, Ofcom opened461 its ‘Innovation and Trial’ portal to help applicants access spectrum
for innovative uses (in particular 5G applications).
Figure B.47 outlines 5G commercial deployment plans announced by the major MNOs in the UK:
Figure B.47: Announcements of 5G deployment plans by major MNOs in the UK [Source: MNO press releases]

• O2 has confirmed462 that it will not roll out a commercial 5G deployment before 2020
and described pre-2020 Release 15 (i.e. non-standalone) deployments as a ‘lite
version’ of 5G
O2 • On January 23, 2019, Vodafone and O2 announced463 that they had “entered into non-
binding heads of terms intended to strengthen their existing network sharing
partnership”. The two MNOs plan to extend the existing network-sharing partnership
term and include 5G at joint radio network sites.
• On May 15, 2018, BT/EE stated464 that it could have a “commercial [5G] product launched
BT/EE
in the next 18 months”
459 See https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/104702/5G-spectrum-access-at-26-GHz.pdf

460 We note that only the 26GHz and 66–71GHz bands are referenced in Ofcom’s March 2018 ‘Enabling 5G in the UK’
paper.
461 See https://www.ofcom.org.uk/manage-your-licence/radiocommunication-licences/non-operational-licences
462 See https://5g.co.uk/o2/
463 See https://www.telefonica.com/es/web/press-office/-/telefonica-and-vodafone-to-strengthen-their-network-
partnership-in-the-uk-with-5g-sharing
464 See https://www.ispreview.co.uk/index.php/2018/05/bt-and-ee-aiming-to-uk-launch-commercial-5g-mobile-in-
2019.html
Ref: 2015448-103 .

• On September 11, 2018, BT/EE announced465 that its commercial 5G network would
launch in 2019
• On November 13, 2018, BT/EE announced466 that it is switching on 5G sites in 16 UK
cities in 2019, with the first launch cities being the UK’s four capital cities, Manchester
and Birmingham. BT/EE states that it “will launch with multiple smartphone partners, as
well as an EE 5G Home router with external antenna [for FWA services]”. The
announcement notes that “the first 1,500 sites that EE is upgrading to 5G in 2019 carry
25% of all data across the whole network, but only cover 15% of the UK population… EE
is upgrading transmission to 10Gbps links at each 5G site”
• On December 5, 2018, BT/EE announced a partnership with OnePlus to deliver a 5G
smartphone in 2019.
• On June 20, 2018, Vodafone announced467 seven cities468 that will become 5G trial areas,
with roll-outs starting between October and December 2018. Vodafone stated that
“discussions with a number of enterprise customers are also underway, with a view to
testing new 5G applications such as augmented and virtual reality in offices, factories and
hospitals”
• On September 20, 2018, Vodafone announced469 that two areas in the UK (Cornwall and
the Lake District) would receive 5G during 2019, and that it would have installed 1000 5G
Vodafone sites by 2020
• On October 25, 2018, Vodafone claimed470 to have switched on the UK’s first full 5G site
(in Salford, Greater Manchester), using massive MIMO technology at 3.4GHz
• On January 23, 2019, Vodafone and O2 announced the extension of their existing
network-sharing partnership to 5G (see above)
• On March 7, 2019, Vodafone announced471 a list of twelve additional cities472 in which
5G would be launched during 2019.
• On July 9, 2018, Three stated473 that initial deployments of 5G services “are expected to
begin in H2 2019 when the first 5G capable handsets and home broadband devices are
released by manufacturers”
• On November 7, 2018, Three announced474 that it had “completed a number of key steps”
Three in preparing its network for 5G, as part of a wider GBP2+billion infrastructure investment
program. These include deploying a 5G-ready “fully integrated cloud native core network”
and rolling out CA technology to 2,500 sites. Three described itself as “well positioned to
bring… 5G to customers in 2019” and noted that the first commercial 5G smartphone and
home broadband devices are expected in H2 2019
465 See https://newsroom.ee.co.uk/ee-turns-3g-into-4g-to-boost-smartphone-speeds-and-lay-foundation-for-5g-launch-

in-2019/
466 See https://newsroom.ee.co.uk/ee-announces-5g-launch-locations-for-2019/
467 See https://mediacentre.vodafone.co.uk/news/5g-trial-seven-cities/
468 Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, Glasgow, Liverpool, London, and Manchester.
469 See https://mediacentre.vodafone.co.uk/news/vodafone-makes-uks-first-holographic-call-using-5g/
470 See https://mediacentre.vodafone.co.uk/news/vodafone-first-full-5g-in-the-uk/
471 See https://mediacentre.vodafone.co.uk/news/5g-in-19-cities-during-2019/
472 Birkenhead, Blackpool, Bournemouth, Guildford, Newbury, Portsmouth, Plymouth, Reading, Southampton, Stoke-on-
Trent, Warrington and Wolverhampton.
473 See http://www.threemediacentre.co.uk/news/2018/sse-unbundling-announcement.aspx
474 See http://www.threemediacentre.co.uk/news/2018/three-UK-committed-to-invest-into-5g.aspx
Ref: 2015448-103 .

• On November 20, 2018, a report on 5G FWA (commissioned by Three) was published475
entitled ‘5G Wireless Home Broadband: A Credible Alternative to Fixed Broadband’.
As described in our previous report, on March 8, 2017, DCMS published476 a strategy paper for 5G
in the UK. The strategy outlined a number of “key themes that will determine our progress toward
5G”.477
On November 28, 2017, DCMS launched478 its ‘Future Telecoms Infrastructure Review’ (the
Review) of the UK telecom markets, in order to investigate “how it can support investment in the
world-class connectivity of the future [full fiber and 5G]”. The findings of the Review were
published479 on July 23, 2018, and set out targets “to see 15 million premises connected to full fibre
by 2025, with coverage across all parts of the country by 2033” and for “the majority of the
population to have 5G coverage by 2027”. The Review identified four priority areas480 to help foster
a competitive mobile market and support investment in 5G:
• Make it easier and cheaper to deploy mobile infrastructure and support market expansion,
including the implementation of the wide-ranging reforms to the Electronic Communications
Code (ECC) on site access and consideration of further planning reforms.
• Support the growth of infrastructure models that promote competition and investment in
network densification and extension.
• Fund beneficial 5G-enabled use cases through the government’s 5G Testbeds and Trials (5GTT)
program (see below), to help de-risk business models for 5G.
• Promote new, innovative 5G services from existing and new players, through the release and
authorization of additional spectrum.
475 See http://www.threemediacentre.co.uk/~/media/Files/T/Three-Media-Centre/documents/5g-wireless-home-

broadband-predicted-to-double-internet-speeds-for-uk-households.pdf
476 ‘Next Generation Mobile Technologies: A 5G strategy for the UK ‘. This was informed by two major reports
commissioned by the government: (1) in December 2016, the National Infrastructure Commission (NIC) set out its
recommendations on steps that the UK should take to become a world leader in the deployment of 5G
telecommunications networks, and (2) in January 2017, the Future Communications Challenge Group (FCCG),
established by DCMS, provided advice on how the UK could become a world leader in the development of 5G
telecommunications networks. See https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/next-generation-mobile-
technologies-a-5g-strategy-for-the-uk
477 In particular, ‘building the economic case’, fit-for-purpose regulations, local areas – governance and capability,
coverage and capacity – convergence and the road to 5G, ensuring a safe and secure deployment of 5G, spectrum
and technology and standards.
478 See https://www.gov.uk/government/news/government-launches-review-into-future-telecoms-infrastructure-
investment
479 See https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/future-telecoms-infrastructure-review
480 See also the five ‘actions’ being taken by Ofcom to enable 5G roll-out, as listed in its ‘Enabling 5G in the UK’ document,
published on March 9, 2018. See https://www.ofcom.org.uk/spectrum/information/innovation-licensing/enabling-5g-uk
Ref: 2015448-103 .
To contribute to the implementation of the Review’s measures, in December 2018 DCMS

launched481 a “digital connectivity portal”. The portal provides “guidance for local authorities and
network providers on improving connectivity in local areas”. The UK government has also created
the “Barrier Busting Task Force” to identify barriers to network deployment and is implementing
recommendations of the Broadband Stakeholder Group (BSG). Further details are provided in
Section 5.1.
Most recently, in February 2019, DCMS published482 its ‘Statement of Strategic Priorities for
telecommunications, the management of radio spectrum and postal services’. The document
“reiterates the importance of ensuring that market conditions are conducive to 5G investment, and
considering flexible spectrum models to support innovation and coverage”.
The UK government has made a number of commitments to invest in 5G technology:
• The 2016 Autumn Statement announced483 that the government would invest over GBP1 billion
by 2020–2021 in digital communications, including GBP740 million through the NPIF
(National Productivity Investment Fund) targeted at supporting the roll-out of full fiber and 5G.
• The 2017 Budget confirmed the GBP740 million commitment,484 and announced485 specific
plans to allocate GBP160 million from the NPIF to a ‘5G testbeds and trials’ (5GTT) program.
– Subsequent government announcements486 have clarified that the total 5GTT funding is
GBP200 million.
– The budget states that initial projects to benefit from the investment include: (1)
GBP10 million to create facilities for 5G network security testing, and (2) GBP5 million for
an initial trial, starting in 2018, to test 5G applications and deployment on roads, including
testing benefits of self-driving cars.487
481 See https://www.gov.uk/guidance/digital-connectivity-portal

482 See https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/public-consultation-on-the-statement-of-strategic-priorities
483 See https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/autumn-statement-2016-documents/autumn-statement-2016
484 The 2017 Budget also states that it “commits GBP385 million to projects to develop next generation 5G mobile and
full-fiber broadband networks, both funded from the NPIF”. See also the “Industrial Strategy: building a Britain fit for
the future” policy paper published on November 27, 2017.
485 See https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/autumn-budget-2017-documents/autumn-budget-2017
486 For example, see https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/5g-testbeds-trials-programme-update
487 As part of the GBP5 million for the development of 5G applications on roads, we understand that a feasibility study
was completed in December 2018, with a review of the pilot proposal to be completed by March 31, 2019. See
September 2018 update of 5GTT program.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
– The first allocation of 5GTT funding was announced488 on July 6, 2017. GBP16 million was
allocated to 5GUK,489 a collaboration across three UK universities (King’s College London
and the Universities of Surrey and Bristol) to develop a 5G test network and conduct end-
to-end trials. The trials were completed490 in March 2018
– From October 23, 2017, to December 6, 2017, DCMS ran a competition491 to allocate its
“first phase” of 5GTT funding (GBP25 million from the NPIF). The grants are for initial
projects across the UK that will run from April 1, 2018, until March 31, 2019. Recipients of
the grants were announced492 by the government in March 2018.
– On March 30, 2018, DCMS announced493 plans to fund a “5G Urban Connected
Communities project” across a “large-scale urban area” in the UK as part of the 5GTT
program. On September 4, 2018, DCMS announced that the West Midlands had been
selected as the location for the project, with hubs to be deployed in Birmingham, Coventry
and Wolverhampton. DCMS states that GBP50 million is currently available for the project
(GBP25 million of which is provided by DCMS from the NPIF, and the remaining
GBP25 million is provided by regional partners); a further GBP25 million may be available
at a later date.
– On September 10, 2018, DCMS published494 an update of the 5GTT program. This update
provides a number of details on the different government-supported 5G projects taking place
in the UK. It also references the UK5G Innovation Network,495 which was launched in
March 2018. UK5G is a DCMS-funded “national innovation network dedicated to the
promotion of research, collaboration and the commercial application of 5G”.
• The 2017 budget also announced (an additional) GBP35 million of funding for the Local Full
Fibre Networks (LFFN) program, 5GTT and Network Rail (NR) to enable trials to improve
mobile communications for rail passengers.496 A call for expressions of interest was published497
by DCMS on August 17, 2018.
488 See https://www.gov.uk/government/news/three-universities-to-develop-16m-5g-test-network

489 See http://www.bristol.ac.uk/engineering/research/smart/projects/uk-5g/
490 DCMS’s 5GTT update, published in September 2018, notes that “the 5GUK test network is now open for business
and is being used to trial further 5G applications and technologies. This includes our Phase 1 projects, and over 25
further projects”.
491 See https://apply-for-innovation-funding.service.gov.uk/competition/46/overview
492 See https://www.gov.uk/government/news/25m-for-5g-projects-on-the-anniversary-of-the-uks-digital-strategy, and
https://www.totaltele.com/499595/UK-government-awards-25m-in-funding-to-six-5G-projects
493 See https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/5g-urban-connected-communities-project#history
494 See https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/5g-testbeds-trials-programme-update
495 See https://uk5g.org/
496 Specifically, the funding will be used to: upgrade a portion of the Network Rail test track, install trackside infrastructure
along a portion of the Trans-Pennine route, and support the roll-out of full fiber and 5G networks.
497 See https://www.gov.uk/government/news/trans-pennine-railway-5g-trial
Ref: 2015448-103 .
B.13.5 Outlook
Our 5G outlook/assessment for the UK is summarized in Figure B.48 below.
Figure B.48: 5G outlook for the UK [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]

• Most MNOs have confirmed plans to launch in 2019
to 5G launch
• 700MHz band to be awarded in 2020
• Further 120MHz to be awarded in 2020
0/4
4. High-band spectrum • Spectrum within the 26GHz to be released; approach/timeline
not yet confirmed
• Strong performance in low- and mid-band spectrum. High- 2/4
5. Total spectrum
band spectrum yet to be confirmed
• GBP200 million of government funding for testbeds and trials
6. National
• Revisions to legislation to simplify infrastructure deployment; 3/4
government has also established a taskforce to identify and
support
reduce further barriers
Ref: 2015448-103 .
B.14 US
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates interstate and international communications
in the US and has responsibility for spectrum assignment and management. An independent US
government agency overseen by Congress, the FCC is the federal agency responsible for implementing
and enforcing US communications law and regulations. In July 2016, the FCC adopted new rules that
authorize around 11GHz of high-range spectrum for flexible, mobile and fixed use: 27.5–28.3, 37–
38.6, 38.6–40GHz (licensed), and 64–71GHz (unlicensed). An auction of spectrum in the 37, 39,
and 47GHz bands is widely expected to take place during 2019. The FCC is in the process of
releasing the CBRS band (3550–3700MHz) for shared/licensed wireless broadband use and is
exploring other mid-range bands (e.g., 3.7-4.2GHz). All the major MNOs have conducted 5G trials
and two operators (Verizon and AT&T) announced that they had launched commercial 5G services
in 2018. All four nationwide operators are planning significant 5G deployments in 2019, as well as
sub-national operator US Cellular.
Low-band spectrum
mobile services in the US.
Figure B.49: Current low-band spectrum498 allocated to commercial mobile services in the US, MHz [Source:
FCC’s First Communications Marketplace Report499, December 2018]
MNO 600 700 Cell. SMR PCS H-blk. AWS1 AWS3 AWS4 WCS BRS EBS Tot.
Total 70 70 50 14 130 10 90 65 40 20 67.5 89 715.5
Note: spectrum is allocated in the US on a regional basis. Holdings shown are population weighted averages.
Figure B.50 below shows the population-weighted average low-band spectrum holdings of the major
operators in the US.500
498 Abbreviations for spectrum bands: Cell. (Cellular), SMR (Specialized Mobile Radio Service), PCS (Personal
Communications Service), AWS (Advanced Wireless Service) WCS (Wireless Communications Service), BRS
(Broadband Radio Service), and EBS (Educational Broadband Service).
499 See https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/FCC-18-181A1.pdf. Values shown are from Fig. A-23 of this document
(Spectrum Included in the Spectrum Screen). As described in the footnote to Fig. A-23, a total of 122.5MHz is
nominally available in the EBS band, however this is discounted to 89MHz for the FCC Spectrum Screen.
500 We note that spectrum holdings summed across all operators (Figure B.50) is more than the total amount allocated
to mobile (Figure B.49) in certain bands. This is the case in the FCC’s First Communications Marketplace Report. We
have used the numbers from Figure B.49 (i.e. total spectrum allocated to mobile) for our analysis in Section 4.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Figure B.50: Current low-band spectrum holdings of the major US operators, MHz [Source: FCC’s First
Communications Marketplace Report501, December 2018502]
MNO 600 700 Cell. SMR PCS H-blk. AWS1 AWS3 AWS4 WCS BRS EBS Tot.
AT&T 2.6 29.4 23.6 - 37.9 - 14.6 20.3 - 20 - - 148.4
Sprint - 0.3 - 13.8 37.7 - - - - - 62.9 85.2 199.9
T-Mobile 30.8 10 - - 29 - 37 3.3 - - - - 110.1
Verizon - 21.7 25.2 - 21.6 - 35.7 11.5 - - - - 115.7
US Cell.503 1.8 2.5 2.1 - 1.4 - 0.7 1.6 - - - - 10.1
DISH504 17.8 4.6 - - - 10 - 21.1 40 - - - 93.5
Other505 14.9 1.6 2 0.5 2.6 - 2 3 - - 4.6 3.8 35
Total 67.9 70.1 52.9 14.3 130.2 10 90 60.8 40 20 67.5 89 712.7
Note: spectrum is allocated in the US on a regional basis. Holdings shown are population weighted averages.
Mid-band spectrum
No mid-band spectrum is currently available for commercial mobile services in the US. As discussed
in the following section, unlicensed access to mid-band spectrum in the CBRS band is expected in
H1 2019, with a licensed spectrum auction likely in H2 2019.
High-band spectrum
Several of the major MNOs have acquired companies holding high-frequency spectrum suitable for
the provision of mobile services:
501 See https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/FCC-18-181A1.pdf. Values shown are from Fig. A-25 of this document
(Population-Weighted Average Megahertz Holdings by Licensee, by Frequency Band) and are estimates as of August
2018.
502 The source may not be adjusted for recent spectrum transactions (e.g. https://www.fiercewireless.com/wireless/at-t-
looks-to-sell-600-mhz-spectrum-to-lb-license-co-for-nearly-1b and https://www.lightreading.com/mobile/5g/atandt-is-
collecting-lots-of-700mhz-spectrum-licenses-possibly-for-5g/d/d-id/749991). Note: slight discrepancy with other
sources, e.g. Macquarie Research report ‘A Global View of Spectrum’ (June 8, 2017) (see
https://www.scribd.com/document/358684577/2017-Jun-Macquiare-Bank-Global-View-on-Spectrum), Sprint (see
http://newsroom.sprint.com/in-land-wireless-spectrum-is-king.htm), and Allnet Insights & Analytics (see
https://www.fiercewireless.com/wireless/25-charts-spectrum-ownership-united-states)
503 US Cellular is the fifth largest MNO in the US market, currently operating in 23 states (see
https://www.uscellular.com/uscellular/support/faq/faqDetails.jsp?topic=press-room.html)
504 DISH Network, a satellite broadcaster, owns a significant amount of mobile spectrum, however it does not currently
offer mobile services.
505 Smaller MNOs include C Spire Wireless, Shentel, and others. Cable player Comcast and a number of other non-
mobile players also own mobile spectrum.
Ref: 2015448-103 .
• Verizon acquired XO Communications in February 2017,506 and then in May 2017 acquired
Straight Path Communications in an all-stock deal worth USD3.1 billion.507 Both XO and
Straight Path hold licenses in the 28GHz (27.5–28.35GHz) and 39GHz (38.6–40GHz) bands.
• AT&T acquired FiberTower in February 2017.508 FiberTower held spectrum licenses (across a
number of regions) in the 24GHz (24.25–24.45GHz and 24.75–25.25GHz) and 39GHz bands,
but in January 2018 the FCC took back509 all its 24GHz licenses and some of its 39GHz licenses.
• T-Mobile acquired MetroPCS in October 2012. MetroPCS held licenses in the 28GHz and
39GHz bands.510 More recently, in February 2018, news reports511 stated that T-Mobile was
applying for permission to buy around 1150MHz of LMDS spectrum (28–31GHz) in Ohio,
which the MNO said it plans to use for 5G. We understand that the application was approved
by the FCC in September 2018.
As a consequence of such transactions, 76% of the 28GHz band (on a MHz-pop basis512) and 68%
of the 39GHz band (on a MHz-pop basis513) have been assigned to licensees.
On January 24, 2019, the FCC completed514 an auction of the remaining 24% of the 28GHz band,
raising a total of USD702 million; and SMRA format was used. Two 425MHz licenses (with a
duration of 10 years) were offered in each county where the spectrum was not already assigned (a
total of 1536 counties). The winning bidders will be announced upon completion of the 24GHz
auction, which is currently ongoing (see Annex B.14.2).
506 Permission from the FCC for the acquisition appears to have been granted in November 2016, and an article
published on February 1, 2017, by PR Newswire confirmed the acquisition had taken place; see
http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/verizon-completes-purchase-of-xo-communications-fiber-business-
300400440.html. For details of XO’s spectrum licenses, see https://www.fiercewireless.com/wireless/verizon-to-
gain-180-billion-mhz-pops-millimeter-wave-spectrum-through-xo-transaction
507 Straight Path holds an average of 620MHz in the top 30 US markets and covers the entire nation with 39GHz
spectrum. It has retained all its 28GHz spectrum licenses. See http://www.fiercewireless.com/wireless/verizon-to-
acquire-straight-path-for-3-1b-ending-bidding-war-at-t
508 FiberTower, which had filed for bankruptcy, had spectrum in the 24GHz and 39GHz bands covering 30 billion MHz
POPs, according to Wells Fargo Securities and AllNet Insights. FiberTower (First Avenue Networks, Inc.) acquired
24GHz spectrum in the FCC’s auction 56 in 2004. See http://www.fiercewireless.com/wireless/at-t-quietly-acquires-
fibertower-for-24-39-ghz-spectrum. On January 26, 2018, the FCC announced FiberTower must return hundreds of
mm-wave spectrum licenses (in both the 24GHz and 39GHz bands) to the NRA. AT&T will acquire ~500 licenses in
the 39GHz band, but none in the 24GHz band; see https://www.fcc.gov/document/fibertower-spectrum-holdings-llc
509 See https://www.fiercewireless.com/wireless/at-t-to-lose-hundreds-5g-millimeter-wave-spectrum-licenses-as-part-
fcc-fibertower and https://www.fcc.gov/document/fibertower-spectrum-holdings-llc
510 See https://www.fiercewireless.com/tech/analyst-t-mobile-s-28-39-ghz-spectrum-could-give-it-advantage-5g-trials
511 See https://www.fiercewireless.com/wireless/t-mobile-buys-1150-mhz-millimeter-wave-spectrum-covering-ohio-for-
5g
512 See https://www.fcc.gov/auction/101
513 Around 40% of the 39GHz band is licensed to Verizon, and around 27% to AT&T. A small number of licenses are also
held by T-Mobile and other players. See https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/FCC-18-110A1.pdf (paragraphs 3 to
6). See also https://ecfsapi.fcc.gov/file/10214044930219/T-Mobile%20Ex%20Parte%2002142018.pdf
514 See https://www.fcc.gov/auction/101
Ref: 2015448-103 .
As discussed in Annex B.14.2, the remaining 32% of the 39GHz band, as well as the 37GHz and
47GHz bands, is scheduled to be auctioned by the FCC in H2 2019.
Low-band spectrum515
In August 2017, the US Congress introduced legislation identifying the 1300–1350MHz and 1780–
1830MHz bands as candidates for reallocation to non-federal use, and directing the National
Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) to submit a report to Congress on
relocating incumbent federal users from those bands.516
On May 10, 2018, the FCC adopted517 an NPRM to consider updating the framework for licensing
Educational Broadband Service (EBS518) spectrum in the 2.6GHz band (2496–2690MHz). The FCC
stated that “EBS spectrum… currently lies fallow across approximately one-half of the US, primarily
in rural areas. Moreover, access to this spectrum has been strictly limited since 1995, and current
licensees are subject to outdated regulations. The NPRM proposes to modernize and rationalize the
EBS spectrum in the 2.6GHz band to allow more flexible use [including for 5G]”.
Furthermore, the Spectrum Pipeline Act519 requires NTIA to identify for auction 30MHz of federal
spectrum below 3GHz by 2022, and to identify an additional 100MHz beyond that. As part of this
effort, NTIA, along with the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the FCC, has begun
evaluating proposed “pipeline plans” submitted by federal agencies. Two have been approved and
funded: the 1300–1350MHz and 1675–1680MHz bands. NTIA states that “additional pipeline plans
are under review or are being prepared”. 520
Most recently, on February 22, 2019, the FCC published521 an NPRM which proposes to reconfigure
the 900MHz (896–901/935–940MHz) band, which is currently designated for narrowband private
land mobile radio (PLMR) communications, for wireless broadband use.
515 In addition to the potential further spectrum assignments discussed, the FCC is also acting to implement changes in
the 800MHz and 900MHz bands to improve efficiency for 5G use. See https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-
354326A1.pdf and https://www.fcc.gov/document/900-mhz-notice-inquiry
516 See http://docs.house.gov/meetings/IF/IF16/20171116/106636/HHRG-115-IF16-20171116-SD005-U5.pdf
517 See https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-seeks-transform-25-ghz-band-nextgen-5g-connectivity
518 The 2.6GHz band is divided into two radio services, Educational Broadband Services (EBS) and Broadband Radio
Service (BRS). The 2.6GHz band consists of thirty-three 5.5MHz or 6.0MHz channels, of which twenty are for EBS
and thirteen are for BRS. See https://selectspectrum.com/EBS_BRS.html
519 See https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/1314
520 See https://www.ntia.doc.gov/speechtestimony/2018/remarks-assistant-secretary-redl-ctias-race-5g-summit
521 See https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-356298A1.pdf
Ref: 2015448-103 .
Mid-band spectrum
The FCC is in the process of releasing the citizens broadband radio service (CBRS) band (3550–
3700MHz) for shared wireless broadband use.522 The band is governed by a three-tier authorization
framework that allows commercial users to share spectrum with existing federal and non-federal
users:
• Tier 1 consists of incumbent users523 (primarily the US military), which have top priority.
• Tier 2 consists of priority access licenses (PALs), which will be granted for a fee (via an
auction). A maximum of seven PALs, each 10MHz in size, will be licensed in any given
geographical area in the bottom 3550–3650MHz range. Use of these bands can be pre-empted
by Tier 1 users.
• Tier 3 users have general authorized access (GAA) – opportunistic use of any available block in
the 3550–3700MHz band without a defined license term.
On October 23, 2018, the FCC adopted524 revised rules governing the PALs, including525 larger
license areas (counties) and longer license terms (10 years). The changes are intended to “help ensure
the rapid deployment of advanced wireless technologies – including 5G – in the US”. PALs are
expected to be auctioned at the end of 2019.
On December 12, 2018, NTIA announced526 that it had completed certification testing of certain
CBRS equipment.527 We understand that use of GAA spectrum can begin as soon as all the necessary
equipment and spectrum management databases have been certified,528 which is expected in
H1 2019.
Beyond the CBRS band, the FCC is considering assignment of mid-band spectrum for mobile use
in several other bands. On August 3, 2017, the FCC issued529 an NOI entitled “Exploring Flexible
Use in Mid-Band Spectrum Between 3.7 GHz and 24 GHz”. The NOI consults on three specific
522 See https://www.fcc.gov/rulemaking/12-354#block-menu-block-4 for an index of FCC CBRS documentation.

523 Tier 1 incumbent users mainly use these bands for naval radar applications in coastal areas, so this capacity remains
largely unused in inland areas.
524 See https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-acts-increase-investment-and-deployment-35-ghz-band-0
525 The revised rules also included changes to renewability and performance requirements, as well as changes to the
bidding rules for the PAL auction and to the ability to partition and disaggregate areas within PALs.
526 See https://www.ntia.doc.gov/blog/2018/its-marks-next-milestone-toward-spectrum-sharing-35-ghz
527 In particular, the Environmental Sensing Capability (ESC) equipment – the sensors that will help enable dynamic
sharing between US Navy radars and CBRS devices.
528 See https://www.ntia.doc.gov/blog/2018/moving-closer-making-spectrum-sharing-35-ghz-reality
529 See http://transition.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2017/db0713/DOC-345789A1.pdf and
https://commlawmonitor2.lexblogplatformthree.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/512/2017/08/Mid-Band-Spectum-
NOI.pdf
Ref: 2015448-103 .
mid-range bands (3.7–4.2GHz, 5.925–6.425GHz, and 6.425–7.125GHz) for ‘expanded flexible use’
and seeks comment on further bands between 3.7GHz and 24GHz which might also be suitable.
• On July 13, 2018, the FCC issued530 an NPRM seeking comment on repurposing the 3.7–
4.2GHz band for flexible use, including mobile broadband. The NPRM seeks comment on
various proposals for transitioning part or all of the band for flexible use, including market-
based, auction, and alternative mechanisms.531
• On October 23, 2018, the FCC issued532 an NPRM proposing rules to allow unlicensed use (e.g.
for Wi-Fi and other unlicensed standards) to make use of up to 1200MHz in the 6GHz band
(5.925–7.125GHz).
Finally, on February 26, 2018, NTIA, in co-ordination with the Department of Defense (DOD) and
other federal agencies, announced533 that it had identified 100MHz (3450–3550MHz) for “potential
repurposing to… commercial wireless”. The “DOD plans to submit a proposal under the Spectrum
Pipeline Act to carry out a comprehensive radio-frequency engineering study to determine the
potential for introducing advanced wireless services in this band (which is currently used for military
radar) without harming critical government operations”.534
High-band spectrum
In July 2016, the FCC published535 an R&O536 adopting new rules to authorize 10.85GHz of high-
band spectrum. Upper Microwave Flexible Use Service (UMFUS) rules were adopted for three
licensed bands (28GHz, upper 37GHz, and 39GHz537) and operations were authorized in 7GHz of
530 See https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-expands-flexible-use-mid-band-spectrum

Alongside the NPRM, the FCC also issued an Order which required Fixed Satellite Service earth stations operating in
the 3.7–4.2GHz band to certify the accuracy of existing registration and license information. The Order will also collect
additional information from space station licensees on their operations in the band to assist the Commission in
developing a clearer understanding of how the band is currently being used.
531 We note that, in February 2019, the FCC granted AT&T test licenses (from May 2019 to May 2021) for the 3.4–3.6GHz
and 3.7–4.2GHz bands (as well as other bands). The licenses are for AT&T’s lab in Texas; conditions stipulate that
AT&T “must coordinate with all earth station operating in the 3650-4200MHz band”. See
https://apps.fcc.gov/els/GetAtt.html?id=222920&x=.
532 See https://transition.fcc.gov/oet/ea/presentations/files/oct18/3.1-Rulemakings-JSP.PDF
533 See https://www.ntia.doc.gov/blog/2018/ntia-identifies-3450-3550-mhz-study-potential-band-wireless-broadband-
use. The “DOD plans to submit a proposal under the Spectrum Pipeline Act to carry out a comprehensive radio-
frequency engineering study to determine the potential for introducing advanced wireless services in this band
[which is currently used for military radar] without harming critical government operations”.
534 We note that on December 20, 2018, NTIA published a ‘Request for Comments on Developing a Sustainable
Spectrum Strategy for America’s Future’. The comments received were published on January 29, 2019. See
https://www.ntia.doc.gov/federal-register-notice/2019/comments-developing-sustainable-spectrum-strategy-america-
s-future
535 See https://www.fcc.gov/document/spectrum-frontiers-ro-and-fnprm
536 (F)NPRM = (Further) Notice of proposed rulemaking, R&O = Report and order. See
https://www.fcc.gov/general/rulemaking-fcc for full explanation.
537 I.e. 27.5–28.35GHz (28GHz), 37–38.6GHz (37GHz), and 38.6–40GHz (39GHz). Note the 37GHz band is sub-divided
into the lower 37GHz band (37–37.6GHz) and the upper 37 band (37.6–38.6GHz).
Ref: 2015448-103 .
unlicensed spectrum (64–71GHz).538 The FCC also issued an FNPRM, seeking comment on
applying the flexible use service and technical rules adopted in the R&O to another 18GHz of
spectrum encompassing eight additional high-frequency bands.539
On November 16, 2017, the FCC voted540 through a second R&O and second FNPRM, expanding
the UMFUS rules to cover an additional 1.7GHz of high-band spectrum (700MHz in the 24GHz
band and 1GHz in the 47GHz band).541
As discussed in Annex B.14.1, the auction of the 28GHz band was completed on January 24, 2019;
the auction of the 24GHz band is currently ongoing.542
On May 17, 2018, the FCC published543 a third R&O and third FNPRM, further developing
preparations for 5G in high-frequency spectrum bands. The FNPRM sought comment on co-
ordination mechanisms for sharing the lower 37GHz band between federal and non-federal users.544
The FNPRM also sought comment on making the 26GHz band (25.25–27.5GHz) available for
flexible fixed and mobile use, and on how the 42GHz band (42.0–42.5GHz) could be used for
commercial wireless broadband services.
On August 2, 2018, the FCC published545 a fourth FNPRM, seeking comment on proposals for the
upper 37GHz, 39GHz, and 47GHz bands (a total bandwidth of 3.4GHz). On December 12, 2018,
the FCC published546 its fourth R&O, adopting rules for the auction of these bands; the auction is
scheduled to take place in the second half of 2019. Spectrum in the 37GHz and 47GHz bands will
be auctioned (on a regional basis) across the entire US. However, only approximately one-third of
the 39GHz band (measured in MHz-pop) will be available for auction; around 40% of the 39GHz
538 The unlicensed 64–71GHz band is adjacent to the 57–64GHz band, which is already unlicensed, resulting in a
continuous unlicensed band of 14GHz.
539 Namely: 24.25–24.45GHz together with 24.75–25.25GHz (24GHz band), 31.8–33GHz (32GHz band), 42–42.5GHz
(42GHz band), 47.2–50.2GHz (47GHz band), 50.4–52.6GHz (50GHz band), 71–76GHz band together with the 81–
86GHz bands (70/80GHz bands), and bands above 95GHz. As described above, the 24GHz band and a 1GHz portion
of the 47GHz band have been identified for mobile. On February 22, 2018, the FCC issued an NPRM on spectrum
above 95GHz for new services and technologies. See https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-proposes-open-spectrum-
horizons-new-services-technologies
540 See https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-takes-next-steps-facilitate-spectrum-frontiers
541 I.e. the 24.25–24.45 and 24.75–25.25GHz bands (24GHz band) and the 47.2–48.2GHz (47GHz) band.
542 A clock auction format will be used; seven 100MHz licenses will be available in each Partial Economic Area (PEA).
On January 31, 2019, the FCC announced that the 24GHz auction would begin on March 14, 2019. See
https://www.fcc.gov/document/auction-102-upfront-payment-deadline-and-bidding-start-date-announced
543 See https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-350768A1.pdf
544 The FCC has stated that it is committed to working with NTIA and other federal agencies to develop a sharing
approach in 2019.
545 See https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-proposes-steps-towards-auction-37-ghz-39-ghz-and-47-ghz-bands-0
546 See https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-adopts-rules-major-2019-5g-incentive-auction
Ref: 2015448-103 .
band is already licensed to Verizon, and around 27% to AT&T (with a small number of 39GHz
licenses also held by T-Mobile and other players547).
On March 15, 2019, the FCC adopted548 an R&O to expand access to spectrum above 95GHz in its
‘Spectrum Horizons’ program for new services and technologies. The R&O makes a total of
21.2GHz of spectrum available for use by unlicensed devices, and creates a new category of
experimental licenses for use of frequencies between 95GHz and 3THz.
Figure B.51 outlines 5G commercial deployment plans announced by the major MNOs in the US:
Figure B.51: Announcements of 5G deployment plans by major MNOs in the US [Source: MNO press releases]

• On October 26, 2018, AT&T unveiled549 a standards-based mm-wave mobile 5G
smartphone device, the NETGEAR Nighthawk 5G Mobile Hotspot, which uses the
Qualcomm Snapdragon X50 5G modem. The device is to be made available
exclusively for use on AT&T’s mobile 5G network
• On December 4, 2018, AT&T announced550 plans for a second 3GPP-compliant
mobile 5G device, to be developed with Samsung, which is scheduled to be made
available in H1 2019
• On December 5, 2018, AT&T announced551 plans for a third 3GPP-compliant mobile
5G device, to be developed with Samsung. The smartphone will be able to access
both mm-wave and sub-6GHz spectrum, and is expected to be available in H2 2019
• On December 21, 2018, AT&T commercially launched a standards-based mobile 5G
service, using mm-wave spectrum, in (parts of) 12 cities across the US: Atlanta,
AT&T Charlotte (NC), Dallas, Houston, Indianapolis, Jacksonville (FL), Louisville (KY),
Oklahoma City, New Orleans, Raleigh (NC), San Antonio, and Waco (TX)
• AT&T’s press release states:552 “Through an initial offer, we’ll deliver select
businesses and consumers our first mobile 5G device [i.e. the Nighthawk] plus 5G
data usage at no cost for at least 90 days. Next spring, customers will be able to get
the Nighthawk for USD499 upfront and 15GB of data for USD70 a month on a
compatible plan and no annual commitment”
• AT&T said that: “In the first half of 2019 we plan to deploy mobile 5G in parts of these
7 additional cities: Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Nashville, Orlando, San Diego, San
Francisco and San Jose, Calif”. AT&T will announce additional markets individually as
its 5G mobile network goes live in further locations553
• In conjunction, AT&T is rolling out “5G Evolution” technology (256 QAM functionality,
4×4 MIMO, and tri-band CA) to prepare the way for 5G in other locations. An
547 See https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/FCC-18-110A1.pdf (paragraphs 3 to 6) for further details. See also

https://ecfsapi.fcc.gov/file/10214044930219/T-Mobile%20Ex%20Parte%2002142018.pdf
548 See https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-opens-spectrum-horizons-new-services-technologies
549 See https://about.att.com/newsroom/2018/first_5G_connection.html
550 See https://about.att.com/story/2018/5gdevice.html
551 See https://about.att.com/story/2018/5g_second_samsung_smartphone.html
552 See http://about.att.com/story/2018/att_brings_5g_service_to_us.html
553 See https://about.att.com/newsroom/2018/first_5G_connection.html
Ref: 2015448-103 .

announcement554 on December 20, 2018, states that 385 markets currently have the
technology available, with plans to reach 400 by the year-end. On January 9, 2019,
AT&T said555 that it is aiming for nationwide coverage by Spring 2019
• On January 22, 2019 AT&T stated556,557 that it aims to have a standards-based
mobile 5G network nationwide in early 2020 (using sub-6GHz spectrum558).
Regarding FWA, AT&T states that its existing FWA service would be upgradable to
“take advantage of AT&T 5G when its available in their area”.
• On May 10, 2017, Sprint, Softbank (its Japanese parent), and Qualcomm
announced559 that they would develop 5G NR technology in Band 41 (2.5GHz). The
company reaffirmed560 this in a statement on December 21, 2017, after 3GPP
announced the ratification of its NSA 5G NR specification (which includes the 2.6GHz
band)
• On February 2, 2018, Sprint held its fiscal Q3 2017 results call.561 The MNO stated
that it is working with Qualcomm and vendors to deliver 5G by H1 2019. The
accompanying press release562 provides further details of its 5G plans
• On February 27, 2018, Sprint announced563 plans to install Massive MIMO technology
Sprint in six cities (Chicago, Dallas, and Los Angeles in April 2018, followed by Atlanta,
Houston, and Washington, D.C. later in 2018). Sprint called the plans a “critical
bridge” to its 5G network.
• On April 29, 2018, T-Mobile and Sprint announced564 that they had entered into an
agreement to merge; the merger is awaiting regulatory approval. On June 18, 2018,
T-Mobile filed565 a Public Interest Statement with the FCC, which outlines the 5G
plans of the proposed merged entity (see below for details)
• On May 15, 2018, Sprint reaffirmed566 its plan to launch commercial 5G services in
H1 2019, and added three additional cities (New York City, Phoenix, and Kansas City)
to its list of initial 5G locations
554 See https://about.att.com/innovationblog/2018/12/evolution_in_400_markets.html

555 See https://about.att.com/story/2019/2019_and_beyond.html
556 See https://about.att.com/story/2019/5g_business.html. For earlier statements on 5G FWA, see
http://about.att.com/innovationblog/standardized_5g
557 See also a press release issued on January 9, 2018: https://about.att.com/story/2019/2019_and_beyond.html
558 Reports state that AT&T plans to use its 850MHz and 1900MHz spectrum to provide wide-area 5G coverage. See
https://uk.pcmag.com/news/118720/qualcomm-expect-t-mobiles-600mhz-5g-network-later-in-2019
559 See http://newsroom.sprint.com/qualcomm-softbank-and-sprint-announce-collaboration-on-25-ghz-5g.htm
560 See http://investors.sprint.com/news-and-events/press-releases/press-release-details/2017/Sprints-25-GHz-
Spectrum-Included-in-Non-Standalone-3GPP-5G-NR-Specification/default.aspx
561 See http://www.lightreading.com/mobile/5g/sprint-promises-mobile-5g-in-h1-2019-signals-more-job-cuts/d/d-
id/740273
562 See http://s21.q4cdn.com/487940486/files/doc_financials/quarterly/2017/q3/01_Fiscal-3Q17-Earnings-Release-
FINAL.pdf
563 See http://newsroom.sprint.com/sprint-unveils-5g-ready-massive-mimo-markets.htm
564 See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nsbmtwMrgY&feature=youtu.be
565 See https://ecfsapi.fcc.gov/file/10618281006240/Public%20Interest%20Statement%20and%20Appendices%20A-
J%20(Public%20Redacted)%20.pdf
566 See http://investors.sprint.com/news-and-events/press-releases/press-release-details/2018/Sprint-Announces-New-
York-City-Phoenix-and-Kansas-City-Among-First-to-Experience-Sprint-5G/default.aspx
Ref: 2015448-103 .

• On August 14, 2018, Sprint announced567 plans to introduce a mobile 5G smartphone
in the US, in partnership with LG, in H1 2019
• On November 27, 2018, Sprint announced568 that it is working with HTC to bring a
“5G mobile smart hub” to the market in H1 2019. While this appears to be a mobile
hotspot rather than an FWA device, Sprint has stated569 that it will be suitable for
“home internet access” and good enough to serve "small households, apartment
dwellers, [and] even small businesses" for primary access
• On February 24, 2019, Sprint announced570 its first 5G smartphone, the LG V50
ThinQ 5G
• On February 25, 2019, Sprint announced571 that standards-based 5G is now “on-air”
in parts of Chicago, with commercial mobile service expected to be launched in
May.572
• T-Mobile has stated573 that it is targeting a nationwide 600MHz 5G network by 2020
• On February 27, 2018, at the MWC in Spain, T-Mobile announced574 that it plans to
build its 5G network (using 600MHz spectrum) in 30 cities in 2018. Customers in
New York, Los Angeles, Dallas, and Las Vegas will be the first to experience the
service, “when the first 5G smartphones launch early next year [i.e. 2019]”. T-Mobile
also plans to begin deploying 5G on mm-wave spectrum in 2018
• On April 29, 2018, T-Mobile and Sprint announced575 that they had entered into an
T-Mobile agreement to merge; the merger is awaiting regulatory approval
• On June 18, 2018, T-Mobile filed576 a Public Interest Statement with the FCC, which
outlines the 5G plans of the proposed merged entity. T-Mobile’s CEO stated:577 “The
combined company’s 5G network will deliver mobile broadband speeds in excess of
100Mbps to roughly two-thirds of the population in just a few years and 90% of the
country by 2024” and that “both in-home broadband services and mobile broadband”
would be offered. In September 2018, T-Mobile stated578 that the merged entity would
look to offer in-home broadband to 52% of zip codes across the US by 2024
567 See https://newsroom.sprint.com/sprint-and-lg-working-together-to-bring-first-5g-smartphone-to-us-in-first-half-

2019.htm
568 See https://newsroom.sprint.com/sprint-and-htc-announce-innovative-5g-mobile-smart-hub-coming-in-first-half-
2019.htm?linkId=60241732
569 See https://uk.pcmag.com/news/118668/sprint-well-have-5g-home-internet-and-samsung-devices-too
570 See https://newsroom.sprint.com/sprints-first-5g-smartphone-lg-v50-thinq-5g-launches-this-spring.htm
571 See https://newsroom.sprint.com/sprint-announces-commercial-5g-service-to-launch-in-may-starting-in-chicago-
atlanta-dallas-and-kansas-city.htm
572 Sprint’s press release states: “Chicago, Atlanta, Dallas and Kansas City are expected to be among the first cities to
offer commercial 5G service; with Houston, Los Angeles, New York City, Phoenix and Washington D.C. also slated
to launch in the first half of 2019”. At launch there will be “a total initial 5G coverage footprint of more than 1,000
square miles across all nine cities”.
573 See https://newsroom.t-mobile.com/news-and-blogs/nationwide-5g-blog.htm. See also https://newsroom.t-
mobile.com/news-and-blogs/nationwide-5g.htm
574 See https://newsroom.t-mobile.com/news-and-blogs/mwc-2018-5g.htm
575 See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nsbmtwMrgY&feature=youtu.be
576 See https://ecfsapi.fcc.gov/file/10618281006240/Public%20Interest%20Statement%20and%20Appendices%20A-
J%20(Public%20Redacted)%20.pdf
577 See https://www.t-mobile.com/content/t-mobile/corporate/news/articles/2018/06/taking-the-next-step-in-
supercharging-the-un-carrier.html
578 See https://www.fiercewireless.com/5g/new-t-mobile-s-plans-for-home-fixed-wireless-internet-services-begin-to-
take-shape
Ref: 2015448-103 .

• On November 10, 2018, T-Mobile announced579 that it had deployed 600MHz
spectrum (for LTE) to 1,500 cities and towns in 37 states (and Puerto Rico). The
announcement confirmed T-Mobile’s ambition to achieve nationwide 5G coverage by
2020 using the 600MHz spectrum; “5G-ready” equipment is being deployed as the
600MHz LTE spectrum is rolled out.
• On August 2, 2018, Verizon and Lenovo (Motorola) launched 580 a 5G-upgradable
smartphone, the Moto Z3. The Moto Z3 can be made 5G-capable by magnetically
attaching a separate modem module (the Moto Mod). The device is available for use
exclusively with Verizon’s 5G network in the US
• On October 1, 2018, Verizon launched a commercial mm-wave 5G FWA service
(called “Verizon 5G Home”) in parts of Sacramento, Houston, Indianapolis, and Los
Angeles
• The press release581 states that “Verizon Wireless customers with a qualifying
smartphone plan will pay USD50 per month for the service, while non-Verizon.
Wireless customers will pay USD70 per month… 5G Home customers will also get
YouTube TV free for the first three months and a free Apple TV 4K or Google
Chromecast Ultra device at installation.” Certain perks are made available to early
adopters (“First on 5G” members)
• The service is based on Verizon’s own proprietary standard 5G TF (Technical Forum).
Verizon states that it did not want to wait for the “formal 3GPP 5G NR standard to be
Verizon
incorporated into network equipment, devices, chipsets and software”. However,
“when new network equipment is available and introduced, we’ll expand our 5G
broadband internet coverage area quickly and bring 5G to additional cities”
• On December 3, 2018, Verizon announced582 plans for a 5G smartphone, to be
developed with Samsung, which is scheduled to be made available in H1 2019. The
device (known as the Samsung Galaxy S10 5G583) will be powered by the Qualcomm
Snapdragon X50 5G modem. The press release states: “Verizon 5G mobility service
will go live in early 2019 and expand rapidly”
• On February 21, 2019, Verizon announced584 that it plans to launch a standards-
based mobile 5G service (using mm-wave spectrum) in 30 cities by the end of 2019
• On February 24, 2019, Verizon announced585 plans for a third 5G smartphone (the LG
V50 ThinQ 5G) which it plans to make available in Summer 2019
• On March 13, 2019, Verizon announced586 that 5G mobile services would be
launched in two cities (Chicago and Minneapolis) on April 11, 2019, and began
accepting (pre-) orders for the Moto Z3 and Moto Mod (see above).
579 See https://www.t-mobile.com/news/first-600mhz-5g-test. See also https://www.t-mobile.com/news/600-mhz-update-

puerto-rico
580 See https://www.verizon.com/about/news/verizon-and-motorola-unveil-worlds-first-5g-upgradable-smartphone--
moto-z3
581 See https://www.verizon.com/about/news/verizon-turns-worlds-first-5g-network
582 See https://www.verizon.com/about/news/verizon-and-samsung-release-5g-smartphone-us-first-half-2019
583 See https://www.verizon.com/about/news/verizon-adds-third-5g-smartphone-2019
584 See https://www.theverge.com/2019/2/21/18234755/verizon-5g-30-cities-2019-launch
585 See https://www.verizon.com/about/news/verizon-adds-third-5g-smartphone-2019
586 See https://www.verizon.com/about/news/verizon-5g-mobility-service-and-motorola-5g-smartphone-are-here
Ref: 2015448-103 .
As described in our last report, on July 15, 2016, the US government announced587 the launch of the
USD400 million Advanced Wireless Research Initiative (AWRI) led by the National Science
Foundation (NSF). The AWRI includes:
• USD85 million investment in ‘advanced wireless testing platforms’ via a public-private

partnership, including NSF and over 20 technology companies and associations.588
• Plans by NSF to invest an additional USD350 million over the next seven years in academic
research that can use these testing platforms.
• A number of complementary efforts by other federal agencies were also announced.
Further details can be found in our previous report. However, we note that the AWRI is not a 5G-
specific initiative. Rather, it is a longer-range NSF initiative with government sponsoring advanced
wireless test beds for cutting-edge wireless technologies and use cases.
In September 2018, the FCC unveiled589 its ‘5G FAST’ plan, which includes the following three
primary components:
• assignment of spectrum
• updating of infrastructure policy
• modernization of outdated regulation.
Measures adopted by the FCC to update infrastructure policy are discussed in Section 5.2. A list of
areas in which the FCC is “modernizing outdated regulations” can be found on its website.590 In
addition, 21 states have enacted legislation aimed at accelerating small-cell deployment to date.591
Finally, we note that, on October 25, 2018, a “Presidential Memorandum on Developing a

Sustainable Spectrum Strategy for America’s Future” was issued.592 The Memorandum states that
the US government shall “continue to encourage investment and adoption by federal agencies of
commercial, dual-use, or other advanced technologies that meet mission requirements, including 5G
technologies”.
587 See https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/07/15/fact-sheet-administration-announces-

advanced-wireless-research
588 These include all the main MNOs, key vendors, and a number of other key industry players, as well as associations
such as CTIA. See announcement for full details.
589 See https://www.fcc.gov/document/fccs-5g-fast-plan
590 See https://www.fcc.gov/5G
591 See http://www.ncsl.org/research/telecommunications-and-information-technology/mobile-5g-and-small-cell-
legislation.aspx
592 See https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/presidential-memorandum-developing-sustainable-spectrum-
strategy-americas-future/
Ref: 2015448-103 .
B.14.5 Outlook
Our 5G outlook/assessment for the US is summarized in Figure B.52 below.
Figure B.52: 5G outlook for the US [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]

1. Industry commitment • Two MNOs have already launched 5G services; others are 4/4
to 5G launch expected to do so in 2019
• FCC consulting on allowing greater use of 2.6GHz spectrum 4/4
and policymakers are exploring use of 1.3GHz and 1.7GHz
bands
• 150MHz in CBRS to become available (70MHz on a licensed 1/4
basis) in 2020; further mid-band spectrum in the 3.7–4.2GHz
band and elsewhere under consultation
• 2.5GHz currently released
• 37.6–38.6GHz, 38.6–40.0GHz (where available), and 47.2– 4/4
50.2GHz bands to be auctioned in 2019; other bands also
under consideration
• Strong performance on low- and high-band spectrum. No mid- 3/4
5. Total spectrum
band spectrum currently available
6. National
• A number of reforms to regulations aimed at streamlining 3/4
infrastructure deployment have been passed
support
Ref: 2015448-103 .

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Final report for CTIA

David Abecassis, Janette Stewart,

2 Introduction and context for the study 4

3 Industry developments and 5G launches 8

4 Spectrum releases for 5G 22

5 National strategies and plans 41

6 Comparison of 5G readiness across markets 54

Annex A Abbreviations used in this report

Analysys Mason Limited

The overall placing of countries is illustrated below.

Figure 1.1: Overall 5G readiness scores [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]

A summary of other conclusions from the study is as follows:

2 Introduction and context for the study

2.1 Summary of study objectives and approach

• To compare what is happening on 5G in the US to other markets in terms of ‘readiness’ for 5G

• Industry commitment (trials, pilots and commercial launches).

• Government support for 5G (including pro-5G infrastructure policy).

2.2 Structure of this report

The remainder of this document is laid out as follows:

• Section 3 discusses industry developments and 5G commercial launches

The report includes two annexes containing supplementary material:

• Annex A summarizes the abbreviations used in the report

3 Industry developments and 5G launches

3.1 5G trials and commercial launches

Further information on these early 5G launches can be found in Annex A.

Spain Orange Group has stated that “5G… will be installed in

Telenor Tele2 and Telenor have signed an agreement on

5G commercial deployment date not yet publicly

UK Vodafone aims to provide multiple cities in the UK with

Region Already Due to Due to Due to Testing/

MNO Country 5G FWA launch plans

MNO Country 5G FWA launch plans

• KT’s first user was an AI-equipped robot called Lota.

3.2 Standardization progress and devices

samsung-to-undertake-first-5g-fixed-wireless-access-trial-in-the-uk/. In July 2017, Arqiva announced the acquisition

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Figure 3.6: 5G modems of major vendors [Source: Analysys Mason, 2019]

Vendor Status 5G chipset details

Vendor Status 5G chipset details

Vendor Status 5G chipset details

In summary, the commercial availability of 5G consumer devices is expected to ramp up through

Status Manufacturer Model Expected

Product has been Samsung Galaxy S10 5G H1 2019

54 See https://www.t3.com/news/best-5g-phones and https://www.theverge.com/2019/2/27/18242957/5g-phones-

4 Spectrum releases for 5G

4.1 Overview of mobile spectrum currently assigned in benchmark countries

We consider low-band (<3GHz), mid-band (3–24GHz), and high-band (>24GHz) spectrum in

H- AWS AWS AWS BRS/

Country 3.4–3.6GHz 3.6–3.8GHz Above 3.8GHz Total

Further details of these assignments are provided below.

4.2 5G spectrum to be released in benchmark countries

Confirmed/likely allocation to IMT/5G by 2020/2021

*This excludes unlicensed spectrum

5 National strategies and plans

5.1 National 5G strategies and government aid on 5G technology trials

• Australia: ‘5G—Enabling the future economy’ strategy

Australia: ‘5G—Enabling the future economy’ strategy

• making spectrum available in a timely manner

Japan: ‘5G—Enabling the future economy’ strategy