Pak-China Relation

Pak-China Relation
History
1950: Pakistan becomes the third non-communist country, and the first Muslim country, to
recognize the People's Republic of China.
1962: The Sino-Indian War leads to closer ties between Pakistan and China as both countries
find a common interest in countering India.
1963: Pakistan and China sign a boundary agreement, resolving border disputes and
strengthening their bilateral relationship.
Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)

China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a strategy initiated by the People’s Republic of
China that seeks to connect Asia with Africa and Europe via land and maritime networks
with the aim of improving regional integration, increasing trade and stimulating economic
growth. Over 150 countries has joined BRI.
The BRI is also known as the “One Belt One Road” (OBOR), the “Silk Road Economic Belt
and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road” or just the “New Silk Road”. It was announced by
Chinese President Xi Jinping in Kazakhstan in October 2013.
Motives of China
 China’s rivalry with the US. The vast majority of Chinese international trade passes by
sea through the Malacca strait off the coast of Singapore which is a major US ally. The
initiative is integral to China’s efforts to create its own more secure trade routes.
 the Belt and Road is seen as a crucial element in the Chinese government’s efforts to
stimulate economies of the country’s central provinces
 Soft Power Enhancement
 Military and Strategic Access
 Market Expansion
 Geopolitical Influence
Routes
Silk Road Economic Belt (Land Routes):
o China to Europe: Through Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, and Poland to Western

Europe.
o China to Central Asia: Through Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and
Iran.
o China to South Asia: Through Pakistan (China-Pakistan Economic Corridor or
CPEC), and India.
o China to the Middle East: Through Central Asian countries to Iran and Turkey.
21st Century Maritime Silk Road (SEA routes):
 This sea-based component connects China's coastal regions to Europe and Africa, passing
through:
o South China Sea: Connecting Southeast Asian countries like Vietnam, Thailand,
Malaysia, Indonesia, and Singapore.
o Indian Ocean: Via ports in Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and the Maldives.
o Africa: Key ports in Kenya (Mombasa), Tanzania, and Djibouti.
o Mediterranean: Through the Suez Canal to ports in Greece (Piraeus) and Italy
Priorities
 policy coordination;
 infrastructure connectivity;
 unimpeded trade;
 financial integration;
 and connecting people.
US & Alliance Concerns

 Influence and Expansion: There are concerns that China is using the BRI to expand its
political and strategic influence across Asia, Africa, and Europe.
 Debt Diplomacy/ Debt Trap: Examples include Sri Lanka's Hambantota port
 Sovereignty Issues:
 Unfair Competition:
 Transparency and Governance:
 Military Expansion:
 Economic Dependence:
 Environmental Impact: including deforestation, habitat destruction, and pollution.
US & alliance Counter Response:

 Blue Dot Network:
Initiative: Launched in 2019 by the United States, Japan, and Australia, the
Blue Dot Network aims to promote high-quality, transparent, and
sustainable infrastructure development worldwide.
 Build Back Better World (B3W):
Launch: Announced by the G7 countries in June 2021, B3W is a global
infrastructure initiative led by the United States.
 Global Gateway:
Initiative: Announced by the European Union in December 2021, the Global
Gateway aims to invest in global infrastructure and connectivity.
Investment: The EU plans to mobilize up to €300 billion in public and
private investments by 2027.
 Indo-Pacific Strategy:
Quad Partnership: The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) consisting of
the United States, Japan, India, and Australia, emphasizes infrastructure
development in the Indo-Pacific region.
 Coordination with Multilateral Institutions:
World Bank and IMF: The US and its allies work through multilateral
financial institutions to provide funding and technical assistance for
infrastructure projects that adhere to high standards of transparency,
sustainability, and inclusivity.
 Asian Development Bank (ADB): Countries like Japan and the US
leverage the ADB to support infrastructure projects in Asia that compete
with BRI offerings.
Current Situation:
 Feb 28 (Reuters) - China has rolled over a $2 billion loan to Pakistan
 May 2024: China holds military drills around Taiwan as 'strong punishment'


Pak-China Relation

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Pak-China Relation

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Pak-China Relation

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Pak-China Relation

Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)

o China to Europe: Through Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, and Poland to Western

21st Century Maritime Silk Road (SEA routes):

US & Alliance Concerns

US & alliance Counter Response:

You might also like