Not To Be Discussed in Class






1

2


Conductance

Conductance

end point end point

Volume of base added Volume of base added

Conductance

Conductance

end point

end point

Volume of base added Volume of base added

 




0.059 [Sn2  ]
2 [ Ag ]2

i  15  60 6.72

96500 22.4




 



e



0.059 0.059
 
n 1


  

 

 
   

 

  

 

  (25 )   25
4 4  96500

108   25

1 4  96500

 HCl( aq.) H2 ( g)
Zn Zn ( aq.) Pt
0.01 M 1.0 lit 1.0 atm

E 0Zn2  / Zn

0.059 0.01 1

2 [H ] 2



E 0 Ag / Ag  0.80 V E 0 Cl / AgCl / Ag

0.059
 E 0 Cl / AgCl / Ag
1
  
 



0.32 0.32 0.26 0.32

e 0295
0 . 10 0295
0 . 10 .0295
0 10 .0591
0

1
 
2


0.059
2

E
 0
E Fe 3
/ Fe 2 
E 0Sn2  / Sn




0




0.0591 [ Zn2  ] pH2

2 [H ]2

0
EM 3
/ M2 

Cr 2  | Cr 3   0.41V Mn2 | Mn3   1.57V

Fe 2  | Fe3   0.77V Co2 | Co3   1.97 V



5.12  103
27
 NaOAc HCl
HOAc
H2O KCl NaOH NaCl


0CH COONa  0CH COOH  0CH COOH 0CH COONa  
3 3 3 3

0CH COOH  0CH COONa

3 3

 

 RT 
 2.309  0.059 V 
 F 

0.0591
1


1 
100 A

1
520

1
 129
520
1000  0.02

r
 
R



 129 1000 K 1000  129


R 520 M 0.02  500
0CH COONa 0HCl
3

(H  )





   
 

 Zn2  
   
 
2
 Cu  
 

0.0591 [ Zn2  ] [ Zn2  ] [ Zn2  ]

2 [Cu2  ] [Cu2  ] [Cu2  ]

Cu 2  (0.01M) Ag (0.1M) Ag(s) Pt(H2 ) p H  1 Zn2  (0.01 M) Zn(s)

Pt(H2 ) p H  1 Zn2 (1M) Zn(s) Pt(H2 ) H  0.1M Zn 2 (0.01M) Zn(s)

0.059 [ Ag  ]2
2 [Cu 2 ]

0.059 [H ]2
2 [Zn2 ]

0.059 [H ]2
2 [Zn2 ]
  






Cm m C
Cm

m

Molar Concentration Molar Conductance

-1 2 -1
of NaCl in ohm cm mole
-4
4 x 10 107
-4
9 x 10 97
-4
16 x 10 87

Cm m C

Cm

m

m
  m C

m  C

m

(A) 0.385 cm

 m C




K x 1000  1
  
M a R

 1 1000
  
a R M
1000
 RxM
1000
 1000 x 25 x 10  4

 1 0.1925
 
a R 400

K x 1000 4.81 x 10  4 x1000

 5
M x 10 3
2






RT F
F RT
 


0.0592
2

0.0591
2


1 1
2 2
 







I  I






  
K      
  


1  1 1.5 1000 1.5
   
R A1 50 5 0.05 50  5

 




0.059
 
2


80 x 3600 x 0.96
96500

1 80 x 3600 x 0.96
8 96500

1 80 x 3600 x 0.96
VCH4
8 96500

Electrolys is C2H6  2CO2 H2

   
at anode Cathode

0.965  60  60
96500

3.6  10 3 0.0821  298

2 1

VC2H4 VCO2
 
12  2
88

2  96500 2727
112.4  5

 
1  1 
 
50 A 100 A

1 2 1  1 
  
1 A 50 A 100 A
R

2 150 2  50  100 200

 
R1 50  100 150 3

  


0.01  3  60  60
96500
0.01  3  60  60 0.072
 x
96500 192

  
   

 E 
  
 T  P
 
  
 dE 
 
 dT P


 dE 
  
 dT P

  
298  (–7.72)

1000

1
  
2

1
 
2

dE

dT

dE
dT

dE
dT

0.0591 1

2 [Cu2 ]

1 4
245 7

2.33  10 –3  1000

0.1


R A 
1000  1  

1000 1 0 .5
C 0 .1 R 1 .5

V 5
 
R 34.33
 
1  

R A A

  
  

 eq (NH4OH) 9.6
  º eq (NH4OH) 272


 H OH ¯

 
 H2O
1000  5.8  10 8 (1000  5.8  10 8 )
  oH2O
55.5 55 .5  (350  198 )

( CH 3 COOH  390 . 7 )

2
7.36  7.36 
   
390 .7  390.7 

( AgCl  138 .3 mho cm 2 )

1000  2.28  10 6
S



uH0  u0
Na 

349.8
1 96500

50.11
1 96500
 2 2
5 5

 

 

 2.303 RT 
  0.06 
 F 



  

[ Zn 2  ]
[ Ag  ] 2




  
 
  


E OX

  

2
X aq. 

E 0Ag / Ag  0.8 V 0
EFe 2
/ Fe
 0.44 V
0
E 0Cu 2  / Cu  0.34 V ENO 
/ NO
 0.96 V E 0Zn 2  / Zn  0.76 V
3

 1.5 V  1.0 V
   





 







 


0.0591 0.0591
2 2

0.0591
2




 



0.0591 (0.01)2 0.0591

3 14
6 (0.01)  (10. ) 6

0.0591 0.0591
6 6


 
0.0591 1 0.0591
2 10 19 2
 







[H ]HA
2
0.0591 [H ]2
2 [H ]HB
2
C

0.0591 10 3  C
2 10 – 5  C



[ Zn2  ]  Zn2  
0.0591  
2   Cu2 
2 [Cu ]  

 








0.0591 K sp
1 5  10 2  5  10  2

K sp

25  10  4

  
  
dE
dT

  dE 
  
 dT P

  

  
  
E025ºC E020ºC

 E0 0 
dE  25 ºC – E20º C  0.3525  0.3533
 T2 – T1 
dT 25  20
 
  

30.88
  
1000



E M  it

96500 v.f .  96500

63.5  (it ) 63.5  (it )

 
2  96500 2  96500
 RT [Cl ]LHS
nF [Cl ]RHS





RT [Cl ] L.H.S
nF [Cl ] R.H.S

RT [Cl ] R.H.S
nF [Cl ] L.H.S

 dEcell 
  
 dT p

 dE 
  
 dT p

 dE 
  
 dT P

Eº  Eº
H / H2 Na  / Na

Eº  Eº  Eº  Eº  Eº
Au3  / Au Cu2 / Cu Ni2  / Ni Cr 3  / Cr Fe2  / Fe



