PROJECT : PAGE :

CLIENT : DESIGN BY :
JOB NO. : DATE : REVIEW BY :
Concrete Tunnel Design Based on AASHTO-17th & ACI 318-19
INPUT DATA & DESIGN SUMMARY
CONCRETE STRENGTH fc' = 5 ksi, (34 MPa)
REBAR YIELD STRESS fy = 60 ksi, (414 MPa)
TUNNEL DIMENSIONS L= 32 ft, (9.75 m), (AASHTO Fig 2.5)
H= 16 ft, (4.88 m), (AASHTO Fig 2.5)
C= 9.9 ft, (3.01 m)
S= 16 in, (406 mm)
D= 60 in, (1524 mm)
t= 20 in, (508 mm)
REINFORCING (As)
2 layers # 10 @ 8 in o.c., (203 mm), (curvered)
Concrete Cover = 3 in, (76 mm), (AASHTO 8.22.1)
FACTORED SOIL PRESSURE (SD level, including surcharge & seismic ground shaking)
Pt = 1760 psf, (84 kPa) Pb = Pt + Wt = 2671 psf, (128 kPa) [THE DESIGN, AT CHECK SECTION, IS ADEQUATE.]
P1 = 720 ft-pcf, (psf), (34 kPa) P2 = 1820 ft-pcf, (psf), (87 kPa)
CHECK SECTION (from 0 to 18, see following image) ==> 17

ANALYSIS
DETERMINE TUNNEL FORCES BY FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
Point X (ft) Y (ft) Pu (k/ft) Mu (ft-k/ft) Vu (k/ft)
0 0.00 0.00 24.97 124.44 0.00
1 3.40 0.22 25.83 116.28 7.17
2 6.73 0.87 27.51 91.87 11.67
3 9.96 1.94 29.95 52.18 15.69
4 13.03 3.41 33.08 -1.21 19.07
5 15.89 5.26 40.68 -66.10 5.66
6 17.29 7.98 41.81 -83.43 3.82
7 18.23 10.89 42.16 -95.13 1.40
8 18.68 13.92 41.52 -99.43 -1.32
9 18.63 16.98 40.02 -95.39 -4.02
10 18.09 20.00 37.82 -83.08 -6.46
11 17.06 22.88 34.98 -63.29 -8.41
12 15.57 25.56 31.65 -37.55 -9.61
13 13.67 27.96 28.09 -8.14 -9.87
14 11.40 30.01 24.62 22.10 -9.12 At the check section: Rt = 18.72 ft, (top circle radius)
15 8.83 31.68 21.60 50.02 -7.37 Pu = 18.18 kips / ft Rb = 26.62 ft, (bottom circle radius)
16 6.02 32.89 19.37 72.60 -4.79 Mu = 87.28 ft-kips / ft qt = 121.95 deg, (between 5 & 18)
17 3.05 33.64 18.18 87.28 -1.66 qb = 36.63 deg, (between 0 & 5)
18 0.00 33.89 18.18 92.37 0.00

CHECK AXIAL & FLEXURE CAPACITY

rProvD = 0.0097006 < rMAX = 0.0400 (tension face only, ACI 318-19 7.3.3 or R21.2.2)
> rMIN = 0.0008 (tension face only, ACI 318-19 9.6.1.2, 9.6.1.3 or Table 11.6.1)
[Satisfactory]

1000
Note:
800 1. Between compression & tension controlled is
Transition, which the f should be by linear
600 interpolation. (ACI 318-19 Tab. 21.2.2 & Fig. R10.4.2.1)
2. ACI 318-19 changed f (Fig.R21.2.2b) and keeps
400 be (22.2.2.4.1) and ecu (Fig. R21.2.2a) the same.
f Pn (k) But AISC 360/341-16 has different f (0.9 only) and
200
be (1.0 or 0.7).
0        2
 c  c  ,
 e f C 2   s E s , for  s   ty

'
   for 0   c   o
0 50 100 150 200 250 f     o    o   , fS 
 f y , for  s   ty
C
-200  
  e f C , for  c   o
'


-400 
2 e f '
C  f y  ty , for compression controlled

o  ,  ty  , t  
 0.003 , for tension controlled
Solid Black Line - Tension Controlled f Mn (ft-k) Ec Es  ty

, E s  29000ksi ,  e  0.85 ,  cu  0.003
'
Solid Red Line - Transition E c  57 f C

Dash Line - Compression Controlled f Mn = 137.73 ft-kips @ Pu = 18.18 kips

> Mu = 87.28 ft-kips [Satisfactory]
CHECK SHEAR CAPACITY (ACI 318-19 9.6.3.1)

 V n  2 bd fc
'
= 20.83 kips / ft > Vu, max = 19.07 kips / ft [Satisfactory]