Complex Number Theory+Exercise+HLP

Complex Numbers
The shortest path between two truths in the real domain passes through the complex domain. ......Hadamard, Jacques
The complex number system

A complex number (z) is a number that can be expressed in the form z = a + ib where a and b are real
numbers and i2 = –1. Here ‘a’ is called as real part of z which is denoted by (Re z) and ‘b’ is called as
imaginary part of z, which is denoted by (Im z).
Any complex number is :
(i) Purely real, if b = 0 ;
(ii) Imaginary, if b  0.
(iii) Purely imaginary, if a = 0
Note :
(a) The set R of real numbers is a proper subset of the Complex Numbers. Hence the complete
number system is N  W  I  Q  R  C.
(b) Zero is purely real as well as purely imaginary but not imaginary.
(c) i=  1 is called the imaginary unit.

Also i² =  1; i3 =  i ; i4 = 1 etc.
(d) a b = ab only if atleast one of a or b is non - negative.
(e) If z = a + ib, then a – ib is called complex conjugate of z and written as z = a – ib

(f) Real numbers satisfy order relations where as imaginary numbers do not satisfy order relations
i.e. i > 0, 3 + i < 2 are meaningless.
Self Practice Problems

(1) Write the following as complex number
(i) 16 (ii) x , (x > 0) (iii) –b + 4ac , (a, c> 0)
(2) Write the following as complex number
(i) x (x < 0) (ii) roots of x2 – (2 cos) x + 1 = 0
Answers : (1) (i) 0 + 4i (ii) x + 0i (iii) –b + i 4ac
(2) (i) 0+i x (ii) cos  + i sin  , cos  – i sin 
Algebraic Operations:
Fundamental operations with complex numbers
In performing operations with complex numbers we can proceed as in the algebra of real numbers,
replacing i2 by – 1 when it occurs.
1. Addition (a + bi) + (c + di) = a + bi + c + di = (a + c) + (b + d) i
2. Subtraction (a + bi) – (c + di) = a + bi – c – di = (a – c) + (b – d) i
3. Multiplication (a + bi) (c + di) = ac + adi + bci + bdi2 = (ac – bd) + (ad+ bc)i
a  bi a  bi c  di ac  adi  bci  bdi2 ac  bd  (bc  ad)i ac  bd bc  ad
4. Division = . = = = 2 + 2 i
c  di c  di c  di c 2  d2i2 c d
2 2
c d 2
c  d2
Inequalities in imaginary numbers are not defined. There is no validity if we say that imaginary number
is positive or negative.
e.g. z > 0, 4 + 2i < 2 + 4 i are meaningless.
In real numbers if a2 + b2 = 0 then a = 0 = b however in complex numbers,

z12 + z22 = 0 does not imply z1 = z2 = 0.
Reg. & Corp. Office : CG Tower, A-46 & 52, IPIA, Near City Mall, Jhalawar Road, Kota (Raj.)-324005
Website : www.resonance.ac.in | E-mail : contact@resonance.ac.in
ADVCN - 1
Toll Free : 1800 258 5555 | CIN: U80302RJ2007PLC024029
Complex Numbers
Example # 1 : Find the multiplicative inverse of 4 + 3i .

Solution : Let z be the multiplicative inverse of 4 + 3i then
z (4 + 3i) = 1
1 4  3i 4  3i 4  3i 4  3i
z= × = = . Ans.
4  3i 4  3i 16  9 25 25
Self Practice Problem :
(3) Simplify in + in+1 + in+2 + in+3 , n  . Ans. 0
Equality In Complex Number :

Two complex numbers z1 = a1 + ib1 & z2 = a2 + ib2 are equal if and only if their real and
imaginary parts are equal respectively
i.e. z1 = z2    Re(z1) = Re(z2) and m (z1) = m (z2).
Example # 2 : Find the value of x and y for which

(x4 + 2xi) – (3x2 + yi) = (3 – 5i) + (1 + 2iy) , where x, yR
Solution : (x4 + 2xi) – (3x2 + yi) = (3 – 5i) + (1 + 2iy)
 x4 – 3x2 – 4 = 0 x2 = 4  x = ± 2
and 2x – y = – 5 + 2y
2x + 5 = 3y
when x = 2  y=3
and x=–2  y = 1/3 Ans. (2,3) or (–2,1/3)
Example # 3 : Find the value of expression x4 + 4x3 + 5x2 + 2x + 3, when x = – 1 + i.

Solution : x=–1+i
(x + 1)2 = i2
x2 + 2x + 2 = 0
now, x4 + 4x3 + 5x2 + 2x + 3 = (x2 + 2x + 2) (x2 + 2x – 1) + 5 = 5
Example # 4 : Find the square root of – 21 – 20i

Solution : Let x + iy = –21– 20i
(x + iy)2 = – 21 – 20 i
x2 – y2 = – 21 ----- (i)
xy = – 10 ----- (ii)
From (i) & (ii)
x2 = 4  x=±2
when x = 2, y = – 5 and x = –2, y = 5
x + iy = (2 – i5) or (–2 + i5)
Self Practice Problem
(4) Solve for z : z = i z2
(5) Given that x, y  R, solve : 4x² + 3xy + (2xy  3x²)i = 4y²  (x2/2) + (3xy  2y²)i
3 1 3K
Answers : (4) ± – i, 0, i (5) x = K, y = KR
2 2 2
Representation of a complex number :
To each complex number there corresponds one and only one point in plane, and conversely to each
point in the plane there corresponds one and only one complex number. Because of this we often refer
to the complex number z as the point z.
ADVCN - 2
Complex Numbers
(a) Cartesian Form (Geometric Representation) :

Every complex number z = x + i y can be represented by a point on the Cartesian plane known as
complex plane (Argand diagram) by the ordered pair (x, y).
Length OP is called modulus of the complex number which is denoted by z &  is called argument
or amplitude.
y
 z = x2  y2 and tan  =   (angle made by OP with positive xaxis)
x
Note :
(i) Argument of a complex number is a many valued function. If  is the argument of
a complex number then 2n+ ; n  I will also be the argument of that complex number. Any two
arguments of a complex number differ by 2n
(ii) The unique value of  such that   <   is called the principal value of the argument.
Unless otherwise stated, amp z implies principal value of the argument.
(iii) By specifying the modulus & argument a complex number is defined completely. For the complex
number 0 + 0 i the argument is not defined and this is the only complex number which is only given by
its modulus.
(b) Trignometric/Polar Representation :
z = r (cos  + i sin ) where z = r; arg z = ; z = r (cos  i sin )
Note : cos  + i sin  is also written as CiS 
(c)Euler's Formula :
z = rei, |z| = r, arg z = 
z = rei
ei= cos + i sin . 
ei  e i ei  ei
Note : If is real then cos  = ; sin  =
2 2i
(d) Vectorial Representation :
Every complex number can be considered as the position vector of a point. If the point P represents
 
the complex number z then, OP = z &  OP  = z

Agrument of a Complex Number :
Argument of a non-zero complex number P(z) is denoted and defined by arg(z) = angle which
OP makes with the positive direction of real axis.
If OP = |z| = r and arg(z) = , then obviously z = r(cos + isin), called the polar form of z.
'Argument of z' would mean principal argument of z(i.e. argument lying in (–, ] unless the context requires
otherwise. Thus argument of a complex number z = a + ib = r(cos + isin) is the value of  satisfying rcos = a
b
and rsin = b. Let  = tan–1
a
ADVCN - 3
Complex Numbers
(i) a > 0, b > 0 p.v. arg z = 

(ii) a = 0, b > 0 p.v. arg z =
2
(iii) a < 0, b > 0 p.v. arg z =  – 
 (iv) a < 0, b = 0 p.v. arg z = 
(v) a < 0, b < 0 p.v. arg z = – ( – )

(vi) a = 0, b < 0 p.v. arg z = –
2
(vii) a > 0, b < 0 p.v. arg z = – 
(viii) a > 0, b = 0 p.v. arg z = 0
Example # 5 : Solve for z if (z)2 + 2|z| = 0.

Solution : Let z = x + iy
 x2 – y2 – 2ixy + 2 x2  y2 = 0  x2 – y2 + 2 x2  y2 = 0 and 2xy = 0
when x = 0,  – y2 + 2|y| = 0
 y = 0, 2, – 2
 z = 0, 2i, – 2i
when y=0  x2 + 2|x| = 0
 x=0z=0
Ans. z = 0, 2i, –2i.
ADVCN - 4
Complex Numbers
3
Example # 6 : Find the modulus and principal argument of complex number z = 1 + i tan , <  <
2
3
Solution : |z| = 1  tan2  = |sec| = – sec,  where <  <
2
tan 
Arg (z) = tan–1 = tan– 1 (tan) = –
1
 Ans. – sec , –

(2  i) (3 – 4i)
(6) Find the principal argument and |z|. If z =
3i
(7) Find the |z| and principal argument of the complex number
z =–8(cos 310º – i sin 310°)
5 2
Answers : (6) – /4 , (7) 8, –130°
2
Demoivre’s Theorem :
(i) (cos  + i sin  )n = cos n + i sin nwhere n  
(ii) (cos 1 + i sin 1) (cos 2 + i sin 2) (cos3 + i sin 2) (cos 3 + i sin 3) .....(cos n + i sin n)
= cos (1 + 2 + 3 + ......... n) + i sin (1 + 2 + 3 + ....... + n) where n  
(iii) If p, q  Z and q  0, then (cos  + i sin )p/q can take 'q' distinct values which are equal to
 2k  p   2k  p 
cos   + i sin   where k = 0, 1, 2, 3, ......, q – 1
 q   q 
Note : Continued product of the roots of a complex quantity should be determined using theory of equations.
Self practice problems :

(8) Prove the identity: cos 5 = 16 cos5 – 20 cos3 + 5 cos ;
1 1 3
(9) Prove that identity: cos4 = cos 4 + cos 2 +
8 2 8
Geometrical Representation of Fundamental Operations :
(i) Geometrical representation of addition.
If two points P and Q represent complex numbers z 1 and z2 respectively in the Argand plane, then the
sum z1 + z2 is represented by the extremity R of the diagonal OR of parallelogram OPRQ having OP
and OQ as two adjacent sides.
(ii) Geometric representation of substraction.
ADVCN - 5
Complex Numbers
(iii) Modulus and argument of multiplication of two complex numbers.

Theorem : For any two complex numbers z1, z2 we have |z1 z2| = |z1| |z2| and
arg (z1z2) = arg (z1) + arg (z2).
Proof : z1 = r1 ei1 , z2 = r2 ei2
z1z2 = r1r2 ei( 1 2 )  |z1z2| = |z1| |z2|
arg (z1z2) = arg (z1) + arg (z2)
i.e. to multiply two complex numbers, we multiply their absolute values and add their arguments.
Note : (i) P.V. arg (z1z2)  P.V. arg (z1) + P.V. arg (z2)
(ii) |z1 z2 .... zn| = |z1| |z2| ..... |zn|
(iii) arg (z1z2 .... zn) = arg z1 + arg z2 + ..... + arg zn
(iv) Geometrical representation of multiplication of complex numbers.

Let P, Q be represented by z1 = r1 ei1 , z2 = r2 ei2 repectively. To find point R representing
complex number z1z2 , we take a point L on real axis such that OL = 1 and draw triangle OQR similar to
triangle OLP. Therefore
OR OP ˆ =
=  OR = OP.OQ i.e. OR = r1r2 and QOR 1
OQ OL
ˆ = LOP
LOR ˆ + POQ
ˆ + QORˆ = + – + = +
1 2 1 1 1 2
Hence, R is represented by z1z2 = r1r2 ei( 1 2 )
(v) Modulus and argument of division of two complex numbers.

z1 |z | z 
Theorem : If z1 and z2 (0) are two complex numbers, then = 1 and arg  1  = arg(z1)–arg (z2)
z2 | z2 |  z2 
z 
Note : P.V. arg  1   P.V. arg (z1) – P.V. arg (z2)
 z2 
(vi) Geometrical representation of the division of complex numbers.
Let P, Q be represented by z1 = r1ei1 , z2 = r2 ei2 respectively. To find point R representing complex
z1
number , we take a point L on real axis such that OL = 1 and draw a triangle OPR similar to OQL.
z2
OP OR r1 ˆ = LOP ˆ = –
ˆ – ROP
Therefore =  OR = and LOR 1 2
OQ OL r2
z1 r
Hence, R is represented by = 1 ei( 1 2 )
z2 r2
ADVCN - 6
Complex Numbers
Conjugate of a complex Number :

Conjugate of a complex number z = a + ib is denoted and defined by z = a – ib.
In a complex number if we replace i by – i, we get conjugate of the complex number. z is the mirror
image of z about real axis on Argand's Plane.
Geometrical representation of conjugate of complex number.
|z| = | z |
arg (z) = – arg (z)
General value of arg (z) = 2n – P.V. arg (z)
Properties
zz zz
(i) If z = x + iy, then x = ,y=
2 2i
(ii) z= z  z is purely real
(iii) z+ z =0  z is purely imaginary
(iv) Relation between modulus and conjugate. |z|2 = z z
(v) zz
(vi) (z1  z2 ) = z1 ± z2
(vii) (z1 z 2 ) = z1 z2 , In general (zn ) = (z)n
 z1  (z1 )
(viii)  = (z2  0)
 z 2  (z2 )
Theorem : Imaginary roots of polynomial equations with real coefficients occur in conjugate pairs
Note : If w = f(z), then w = f( z )
Theorem : |z1 ± z2|2 = |z1|2 + |z2|2 ± (z1 z2 + z1 z2) = |z1|2 + |z2|2 ± 2 Re(z1 z2 )
= |z1|2 + |z2|2 ± 2 |z1| |z2| cos (1 – 2)
z 1
Example # 7 : If is purely imaginary, then prove that | z | = 1
z 1
 z  1 z 1  z  1
Solution : Re   =0  +   =0
 z  1 z  1  z  1 
z 1 z 1
 + =0  zz –z + z– 1 + zz – z+ z –1 = 0
z 1 z 1
 zz =1  | z |2 = 1  | z | = 1 Hence proved
Example # 8 : If z1 and z2 are two complex numbers and c > 0, then prove that
|z1 + z2|2  (1 + c) |z1|2 + (1 + c–1) |z2|2
Solution : We have to prove : |z1 + z2|2  (1 + c) |z1|2 + (1 + c–1) |z2|2
i.e. |z1|2 + |z2|2 + z1 z 2 + z 1z2  (1 + c) |z1|2 + (1 +c–1) |z2|2
1
or z1 z 2 + z 1z2  c|z1|2 + c–1|z2|2 or c|z1|2 + |z |2 – z1 z 2 – z 1 z2  0
c 2
2
 1 
(using Re (z1 z 2)  |z1 z 2|) or  c z1  | z2 |  0 which is always true.
 c 
ADVCN - 7
Complex Numbers
Example # 9 : Let z1 and z2 be complex numbers such that z1  z2 and |z1| = |z2|. If z1 has positive real part
z1  z2
and z2 has negative imaginary part, then show that is purely imaginary.
z1  z2
 
Solution : z1 = r (cos + i sin ), – <<
2 2
z2 = r (cos + i sin ), –<<0
z1  z2    3
 = – i cot  , – < <
z1  z2  2  4 2 4
Hence purely imaginary.

(10) If |z + | > | z  1| and |  | 1, then show that |z| < 1.
(11) If z = x + iy and f(z) = x2 – y2 – 2y + i(2x – 2xy), then show that f(z) = z 2 +2iz
Distance, Triangular Inequality

If z1 = x1 + iy1, z2 = x2 + iy2 , then distance between points z1, z2 in argand plane is
|z1 – z2| = (x1  x2 )2  (y1  y2 )2

In triangle OAC
OC  OA + AC
OA  AC + OC
AC  OA + OC
using these in equalities we have ||z1| – |z2||  |z1 + z2|  |z1| + |z2|
Similarly from triangle OAB
we have ||z1| – |z2||  |z1 – z2|  |z1| + |z2|
Note :
(a) ||z1| – |z2|| = |z1 + z2|, |z1 – z2| = |z1| + |z2| iff origin, z1 and z2 are collinear and origin lies between z1
and z2.
(b) |z1 + z2| = |z1| + |z2|, ||z1| – |z2|| = |z1 – z2| iff origin, z1 and z2 are collinear and z1 and z2 lies on the
same side of origin.
Example # 10 : If |z – 5 – 7i| = 9, then find the greatest and least values of |z – 2 – 3i|.
Solution : We have 9 = |z – (5 + 7i)| = distance between z and 5 + 7i.
Thus locus of z is the circle of radius 9 and centre at 5 + 7i. For such a z (on the circle), we
have to find its greatest and least distance as from 2 + 3i, which obviously 14 and 4.
Example # 11 : Find the minimum value of |z| + |z – 2|
Solution : |z| + |z – 2| |z + 2 – z|
|z| + |z – 2| 2
ADVCN - 8
Complex Numbers
Example # 12 : If i  [/6, /3], i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and z4 cos 1 + z3 cos 2 + z2 cos 3. + z cos 4 + cos5 = 2 3 ,
3
then show that |z| >
4
Solution : Given that cos1 . z4 + cos2 . z3 + cos3 . z2 + cos4 . z + cos5 = 23
or |cos1 . z4 + cos2 . z3 + cos3 . z2 + cos4 . z + cos5| = 23
23  |cos1 . z4 | + |cos2 . z3 | + |cos3 . z2 | + cos4 . z| + |cos5 |
 i  [/6, /3]
1 3
  cosi 
2 2
3 4 3 3 3 3
2 3  |z| + |z|3 + |z|2 + |z| +
2 2 2 2 2
3  |z|4 + |z|3 + |z|2 + |z|
Case I : If |z| > 1, then above result is automatically true
Case II : If |z| < 1, then
3 < |z| + |z|2 + |z|3 + |z|4 +|z|5 + .........
|z| 3 3
3<  3 – 3 |z| < |z|  |z| > Hence by both cases, |z|>
1 | z | 4 4
3
Example # 13 : z = 2, then find maximum and minimum value of | z |.
z
3 3
Solution : z  z
z z
Let |z| = r
3 3
r 2 –2r– 2
r r
r2 + 2r – 3  0 ........(i) and r2 – 2r – 3  0 ........(ii)

  r  [1, 3]
from (i) and (ii)
|z|max = 3 and |z|min = 1.
(12) |z – 3| < 1 and |z – 4i| > M then find the positive real value of M for which there exist at least
one complex number z satisfying both the equation.
1 1
(13) If z lies on circle |z| = 2, then show that 
z  4z  3
4 2
3
Answers : (12) M  (0, 6)

ADVCN - 9
Complex Numbers
Important results :
(i) arg z =  represnets points (non-zero) on ray
eminating from origin making an angle  with positive direction of real axis
(ii) arg (z – z1) =  represents points (z1) on ray eminating from z1 making an angle
 with positive direction of real axis
 2
Example # 14 : Solve for z, which satisfy Arg (z – 3 – 2i) = and Arg (z – 3 – 4i) = .
6 3
Solution : From the figure, it is clear that there is no z, which satisfy both ray
Example # 15 : Sketch the region given by

(i) /2  Arg (z – 1 – i) /3 (ii) |z|  4 & Arg (z – i – 1) >/4
Solution :
m
/3
(i) (1,1) (ii)
Re

(14) Sketch the region given by
(i) |Arg (z – i – 2)| < /4 (ii) Arg (z + 1 – i) /6
(15) Consider the region |z – 4 – 3i|  3. Find the point in the region which has
(i) max |z| (ii) min |z|
(iii) max arg (z) (iv) min arg (z)
Answers : (14) (i) (ii)
32 24 8 6 28 96
(15) (i) i (ii) i (iii) i (iv) 4 + 0i
5 5 5 5 25 25
ADVCN - 10
Complex Numbers
Rotation theorem :
(i) If P(z1) and Q(zz) are two complex numbers such that |z1| = |z2|, then z2 = z1 eiwhere  = POQ
 z  z2  z3  z2 i
(ii) If P(z1), Q(z2) and R(z3) are three complex numbers and PQR = , then  3  = e
 z1  z2  z1  z2
  
z3  z 4 z3  z 4
(iii) If P(z1), Q(z2), R(z3) and S(z4) are four complex numbers and STQ= , then = ei
z1  z2 z1  z2
 

 z  1 
Example # 16 : If arg   = then interpret the locus.
 z  1 4
 z  1   1 z  
Solution : arg   =  arg   =
 z  1 4  1  z  4
 1 z 
Here arg   represents the angle between lines joining –1 and z, and 1 and z. As this
 1  z 
angle is constant, the locus of z will be a larger segment of circle. (angle in a segment is
constant).
Example # 17 : If A(2 + 3i) and B(3 + 4i) are two vertices of a square ABCD (take in anticlock wise order) then
find C and D.
Solution : Let affix of C and D are z3 and z4 respectively.

Considering DAB = 90º and AD = AB
i
z 4  (2  3 i) AD 2
we get = e
(3  4i) – (2  3i) AB
   z4 – (2 + 3i) = (1 + i) i  z4 = 2 + 3i+ i – 1 = 1 + 4i
i
z3  (3  4 i) CB –
and = e 2   z3 = 3 + 4i – (1 + i) (–i)
(2  3i) – (3  4i) AB
 z3 = 3 + 4i + i – 1 = 2 + 5i
ADVCN - 11
Complex Numbers
(16) Let ABC be an isosceles triangle inscribed in the circle |z|= r with AB = AC. If z 1, z2, z3
represent the points A, B, C respectively, show that z2 z3 = z12
(17) Check that z1z2 and z3z4 are parallel or, not
where, z1 = 1 + i z3 = 4 + 2i
z2 = 2 – i z4 = 1 – i
(18) P is a point on the argand diagram on the circle with OP as diameter, two point Q and R are
taken such that POQ = QOR = If O is the origin and P, Q, R are represented by complex
z1, z2, z3 respectively then show that z22 cos 2 = z1z3cos2    
(19) If a, b, c ; u, v, w are complex numbers representing the vertices of two triangles such that
c = (1 – r) a + rb, w = (1 – r) u + rv where r is a complex number show that the two triangles are
similiar.
Answers : (17) z1z2 and z3z4 are not parallel.
Cube Root of Unity :

1  i 3 1  i 3
(i) The cube roots of unity are 1, , .
2 2
(ii) If  is one of the imaginary cube roots of unity then 1 +  + ² = 0. In general 1 + r + 2r = 0;
where r   but is not the multiple of 3.
(iii) In polar form the cube roots of unity are :

2 2 4 4
cos 0 + i sin 0; cos + i sin, cos + i sin
3 3 3 3
(iv) The three cube roots of unity when plotted on the argand plane constitute the verties of an
equilateral triangle.
(v) The following factorisation should be remembered :

(a, b, c  R &  is the cube root of unity)
a3  b3 = (a  b) (a  b) (a  ²b) ; x2 + x + 1 = (x  ) (x  2) ;
a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a + b) (a + 2b) ; a2 + ab + b2 = (a – b) (a – b2)
a3 + b3 + c3  3abc = (a + b + c) (a + b + ²c) (a + ²b + c)
Example # 18 : Find the value of 200 + 198 + 193.

Solution : 200 + 198 + 193
2 + 1 +  = 0.
1 1 1
Example # 19 If W is an imaginary cube root of unity then find the value of + –
1  2w 2  w 1  w
1 1 1 1 1 1
Solution : + – = + –
1  w  w 1  (1  w) 1 w –w  w 1– w
2 2
–w 2
1 1 1 w(1  w)  w 2  1– w 2 1 w  w2
=   2= = =0
w(1– w) (1– w ) w
2
w 2 (1– w 2 ) w 2 (1– w 2 )
Ans. 0
ADVCN - 12
Complex Numbers

100
(20) Find  (1  
r 0
r
 2r )
(21) It is given that n is an odd integer greater than three, but n is not a multiple of 3. Prove that
x3 + x2 + x is a factor of (x + 1)n – xn – 1
(22) If x = a + b, y = a + b , z = a + b where ,  are imaginary cube roots of unity show that
xyz = a3 + b3
5 2
 n 1 
(23) If x – x + 1 = 0, then find the value of
2

n 1
x  n 
 x 
Answers : (20) 102 (23) 8
nth Roots of Unity :

If 1, 1, 2, 3..... n  1 are the n, nth root of unity then :
(i) They are in G.P. with common ratio ei(2/n)

(ii) 1p +  1p +  p2 +.... + pn  1 = 0 if p is not an integral multiple of n
= n if p is an integral multiple of n
(iii) (1  1) (1  2)...... (1  n  1) = n &
(1 + 1) (1 + 2)....... (1 + n  1) = 0 if n is even and 1 if n is odd.
(iv) 1. 1. 2. 3......... n  1 = 1 or 1 according as n is odd or even.
Example # 20 : Find the roots of the equation z5 = – 32i, whose real part is negative.
Solution : z5 = – 32i

i(4n 1)
z = 25 e
5 2 , n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.

i(4n 1)
z = 2e 10
 3 7 11 15  7 11
i i i i i i i
z = 2e 10
, 2e 10 , 2e 10 , 2e 10 , 2e 10 roots with negative real part are 2e 10 , 2e 10 .
6
 2k 2k 
Example # 21 : Find the value   sin
k 1
7
 cos
7 
6 6 6 6
 2k   2k  2k 2k
Solution :   sin
k 1
 – 
7  k 1 
cos 
7 
=  sin
k 0
7
–  cos
k 0
7
+1
6
= 
k 0
(Sum of imaginary part of seven seventh roots of unity)
6
– 
k 0
(Sum of real part of seven seventh roots of unity) + 1 = 0 – 0 + 1 = 1
ADVCN - 13
Complex Numbers

4
2–
1
(24) If 1, 1, 2 , 3 , 4 are the fifth roots of unity then find
i1 i
(25) If , ,  are the roots of x3 – 3x2 + 3x + 7 = 0 and  is a complex cube root of unity then prove
 –1  –1  –1
that    32
 –1  –1  –1
(26) Find all values of ( 256)1/4. Interpret the result geometrically.

49
Answers : (24)
31
  2r  1   2r  1  
(26) 4 cos     isin    , r = 0, 1, 2, 3; vertices of a square in a
  4   4  
circle of radius 4 & centre (0, 0)
The Sum Of The Following Series Should Be Remembered :

sin  n / 2   n  1
(i) cos  + cos 2  + cos 3  +..... + cos n  = cos   
sin   / 2   2 
sin  n / 2   n  1
(ii) sin  + sin 2  + sin 3  +..... + sin n  = sin   
sin   / 2   2 
Note : If  = (2/n) then the sum of the above series vanishes.
Geometrical Properties :
Section formula
If z1 and z2 are affixes of the two points P and Q respectively and point C divides the line segment
joining P and Q internally in the ratio m : n then affix z of C is given by
mz2  nz1
z= where m, n > 0
mn
mz2  nz1
If C divides PQ in the ratio m : n externally then z =
mn
Note : If a, b, c are three real numbers such that az1 + bz2 + cz3 = 0 ; where a + b + c = 0 and a,b,c are not all
simultaneously zero, then the complex numbers z1, z2 & z3 are collinear.
(1) If the vertices A, B, C of a  are represented by complex numbers z1, z2, z3 respectively and a, b, c are
the length of sides then,
z1  z2  z3
(i) Centroid of the  ABC = :
3
(ii) Orthocentre of the  ABC =
a sec A  z1  b sec B  z2   c sec C z3
or
z1 tan A  z2 tanB  z3 tan C
a sec A  b sec B  c sec C tan A  tan B  tanC
(iii) Incentre of the  ABC = (az1 + bz2 + cz3)  (a + b + c).
ADVCN - 14
Complex Numbers
(iv) Circumcentre of the  ABC = :

(Z1 sin 2A + Z2 sin 2B + Z3 sin 2C)  (sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C).
(2) amp(z) =  is a ray emanating from the origin inclined at an angle  to the positive x axis.
(3) z  a = z  b is the perpendicular bisector of the line joining a to b.
(4) The equation of a line joining z1 & z2 is given by, z = z1 + t (z1  z2) where t is a real parameter.
(5) z = z1 (1 + it) where t is a real parameter is a line through the point z1 & perpendicular to the line joining
z1 to the origin.
(6) The equation of a line passing through z1 & z2 can be expressed in the determinant form as
z z 1
z1 z1 1 = 0. This is also the condition for three complex numbers z, z1, z2 to be collinear. The above
z2 z2 1
equation on manipulating, takes the form  z   z  r = 0 where r is real and  is a non zero complex
constant.
z  z2 
(7) The equation of the circle described on the line segment joining z1 & z2 as diameter is arg =±
z  z1 2
or (z  z1) ( z  z 2) + (z  z2) ( z  z 1) = 0.
z3  z1 z 4  z2
(8) Condition for four given points z1, z2, z3 & z4 to be concyclic is the number . should be
z3  z2 z 4  z1
real. Hence the equation of a circle through 3 non collinear points z1, z2 & z3 can be taken
as
 z  z2   z3  z1  is real  
 z  z2   z3  z1  =  z  z2   z3  z1  .
 z  z1   z3  z2   z  z1   z3  z2   z  z1   z3  z2 
 z  z1 
(9) Arg   = represent (i) a line segment if  = 
 z  z2 
(ii) Pair of ray if  = 0 (iii) a part of circle, if 0 <  < 
(10) If |z – z1| + |z – z2| = K > |z1 – z2| then locus of z is an ellipse whose focii are z1 & z2
z  z1
(11) If =k where k  (0, 1)  (1, ), then locus of z is circle.
z  z2
(12) If z – z1  – z – z2 = K < z1 – z2 then locus of z is a hyperbola, whose focii are z1 & z2.
ADVCN - 15
Complex Numbers
Match the following columns :
Column -  Column - 
(i) If | z – 3+2i | – | z + i | = 0, (i) circle
then locus of z represents ..........
 z  1 
(ii) If arg  = , (ii) Straight line
 z  1 4
then locus of z represents...
(iii) if | z – 8 – 2i | + | z – 5 – 6i | = 5 (iii) Ellipse
then locus of z represents .......
 z  3  4i  5 
(iv) If arg  = , (iv) Hyperbola
 z  2  5i  6
then locus of z represents .......
(v) If | z – 1 | + | z + i | = 10 (v) Major Arc
then locus of z represents ........
(vi) |z–3+i|–|z+2–i|=1 (vi) Minor arc

then locus of z represents .....
(vii) | z – 3i | = 25 (vii) Perpendicular bisector of a line segment
 z  3  5i 
(viii) arg  =  (viii) Line segment
 zi 
Ans.  (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii)
 (ii),(vii)(v) (viii) (vi) (iii) (iv) (i) (viii)
Example # 22 : If z1, z2 & z3 are the affixes of three points A, B & C respectively and satisfy the condition
|z1 – z2| = |z1| + |z2| and |(2 - i) z1 + iz3 | = |z1| + |(1 – i) z1 + iz3| then prove that  ABC in a right
angled.
Solution : |z1 – z2| = |z1| + |z2| 
   z1, z2 and origin will be collinear and z1, z2 will be opposite side of origin
Similarly |(2 - i) z1 + iz3 | = |z1| + |(1 – i) z1 + iz3|
 z1 and (1 – i) z1 + iz3 = z4 say, are collinear with origin and lies on same
side of origin. Let z4 = z1 ,  real
then (1 – i) z1 + iz3 = z1
(z3  z1 ) z  z1
 i (z3 – z1) = ( – 1) z1  = ( – 1) I  3 =mei/2 , m =  – 1
z1 0  z1
 z3 – z1 is perpendicular to the vector 0 – z1 .
i.e. also z2 is on line joining origin and z1
so we can say the triangle formed by z1 , z2 and z3 is right angled.
ADVCN - 16
Complex Numbers
 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Section (A) : Algebra of Complex Numbers and Its Representation and Demoivre’s Theorem
A-1. Find the real values of x and y for which the following equation is satisfied :
(1  i) x  2i (2  3i) y  i
(i) + =i
3i 3i
x y 5  6i
(ii) + =
1  2i 3  2i 8i  1
(iii) (2 + 3i) x2 – (3 – 2i) y = 2x – 3y + 5i
(iv) 4x2 + 3xy + (2xy – 3x2) i = 4y2 – (x2/2) + (3xy – 2y2) i
1  2(sin )i
A-2_. Let z =
1  (sin )i
(i) Find the number of values of [0, 4] such that z is purely imaginary.
(ii) Find the sum of all values of [0, 4] such that z is purely real.
A-3. (i) Find the real values of x and y for which z1 = 9y2 – 4 – 10ix and z2 = 8y2 – 20i are conjugate
complex of each other.
(ii) Find the value of x4 – x3 + x2 + 3x – 5 if x = 2 + 3i
A-4. Find
(i) the square root of 7 + 24 i (ii) i  i
A-5. Solve the following for z : z2 – (3 – 2i) z = (5i – 5)
A-6. Simplify and express the result in the form of a + bi :
2
 4i3  i 
(i)   i (9 + 6 i) (2  i)1 (ii) 
 2i  1 
 

 
1 i
(iii) (iv) 3 i e 6
(1  cos )  2 i sin 
A-7. Convert the following complex numbers in Eulers form

  
(i) z = – (ii) z = 5i (iii) z = – 3–i (iv) z = –2  cos  isin 
 5 5 
A-8. Find the modulus, argument and the principal argument of the complex numbers.
18  18 
(i) z = 1 + cos + i sin (ii) z = 2 (cos 30° + i sin 30°)
25 25
i 1
(iii) (tan 1 – i)2 (iv)
 2  2
i  1  cos   sin
 5  5
A-9. Dividing polynomial f(z) by z – i, we get the remainder i and dividing it by z + i, we get the remainder
1 + i. Find the remainder upon the division of f(z) by z2 + 1
A-10. If ( 3 + i)100 = 299 (a + ib), then find

(i) a2 + b2 (ii) b
ADVCN - 17
Complex Numbers
A-11. If n is a positive integer, prove the following

 n
(i) (1 + cos i sin )n + (1 + cos – i sin )n = 2n + 1 cosn cos .
2 2
n
1 n
(ii) (1 + i)n + (1 – i)n = 2 2 . cos
4
m
 icot   1 
A-12. Show that ei2m   = 1 (m  Z).
 icot   1 
   
A-13. If xr = cos  r  + i sin  r  , prove that x1 x2 x3....... upto infinity = i.
3  3 
Section (B) : Argument / Modulus / Conjugate Properties and Triangle Inequality
B-1. If z = x + iy is a complex number such that z = (a + ib) 2 then
(i) find z , z
(ii) show that x2 + y2 = (a2 + b2)2 x2 + y2 = (a2 + b2)2
B-2. If z1 and z2 are conjugate to each other, then find arg (–z1z2).
z 1
B-3. If z ( – 1) is a complex number such that is purely imaginary, then find |z|
z 1
4
B-4. If |z – 2| = 2 |z – 1|, where z is a complex number, prove |z|2 = Re (z) using
3
(i) polar form of z, (ii) z = x + iy, (iii) modulus, conjugate properties
B-5. For any two complex numbers z1, z2 and any two real numbers a, b show that
|az1 – bz2|2 + |bz1 + az2|2 = (a2 + b2) (|z1|2 + |z2|2)
1  z1z2
B-6. If z1 and z2 are two complex numbers such that |z1| < 1 < |z2| then prove that < 1.
z1  z2
zw
B-7. If k > 0, |z| = |w| = k and  = , then find Re().
k 2  zw
zi
B-8. (i) If w = is purely real then find arg z.
z i
z  4i
(ii) If w = is purely imaginary then find |z + 3i|.
z  2i
B-9. If a = ei, b = ei, c = ei and cos  + cos  + cos = 0 = sin  + sin  + sin , then prove the following
(i) a+b+c=0 (ii) ab + bc + ca = 0
(iii) a2 + b2 + c2 = 0 (iv)   cos 2 = 0 =  sin 2
B-10. If |z – 1 + i| + |z + i| = 1 then find range of principle argument of z.
Section (C) : Geometry of Complex Number and Rotation Theorem
C-1. If z  2 + i = 2, then find the greatest and least value of z.
C-2. If |z + 3|  3 then find minimum and maximum values of
(i) |z| (ii) |z – 1| (iii) |z + 1|
C-3. Interpret the following locus in z  C.
(i) 1 < z  2i < 3 (ii) Im (z)  1
 z  2i 
(iii) Arg (z  3 – 4i) = /3 (iv) Re    4 (z  2i)
 iz  2 
ADVCN - 18
Complex Numbers
C-4. If O is origin and affixes of P, Q, R are respectively z, iz, z + iz. Locate the points on complex plane. If
PQR = 200 then find
(i) |z| (ii) sides of quadrilateral OPRQ
C-5. The three vertices of a triangle are represented by the complex numbers, 0, z1 and z2. If the triangle is
equilateral, then show that z12 + z22 = z1z2 . Further if z0 is circumcentre then prove that z12 + z22 = 3z02.
C-6. Let z1 and z2 be two roots of the equation z2 + az + b = 0, z being complex. Further, assume that the
origin, z1 and z2 form an equilateral triangle. Then show that a2 = 3b.
C-7. Let z1 = 10 + 6i and z2 = 4 + 6i. If z is any complex number such that the argument of (z – z1) / (z – z2) is
/4, then find the length of arc of the locus.
 z  8i  
C-8. Let  Arg   =±
 z6  2
 z  8i 
  : Re   =0
 z6 
Show that locus of z in  or  lies on x2 + y2 + 6x – 8y = 0. Hence show that locus of z can also be
z  8i z  8i
represented by + = 0. Further if locus of z is expressed as |z + 3 – 4i| = R, then find R.
z6 z6
C-9.Show that z z + (4 – 3i)z + (4 + 3i) z + 5 = 0 represents circle. Hence find centre and radius.
z1  z2 
C-10. If z1 & z2 are two complex numbers & if arg = but z1  z2  z1  z2 then identify the figure
z1  z2 2
formed by the points represented by 0, z1, z2 & z1 + z2.
Section (D) : Cube root and nth Root of Unity.

D-1. If  ( 1) be a cube root of unity and (1 +4)n = (1 + 2)n then find the least positive integral value of n
D-2. When the polynomial 5x3 + Mx + N is divided by x2 + x + 1, the remainder is 0. Then find M + N.
D-3. Show that (1 –  + 2) (1 – 2 + 4) (1 – 4 + 8) .......... to 2n factors = 22n
D-4. Let  is non-real root of x3 = 1
(i) If P = n , (n  N) and Q = (2nC0 + 2nC3 + .........) + (2nC1 + 2nC4 + .........) + (2nC2 + 2nC5 + .........)2
P
then find .
Q
 2 3 1  2
(ii) If P = 1 –   ...... upto  terms and Q = then find value of PQ.
2 4 8 2
D-5. If x = 1 + i 3 ; y = 1 – i 3 and z = 2, then prove that xp + yp = zp for every prime p > 3.
D-6. Solve (z – 1)4 – 16 = 0. Find sum of roots. Locate roots, sum of roots and centroid of polygon formed by
roots in complex plane.
D-7. Find the value(s) of the following
3 3/4
1 3  1 3 
(i)    (ii)   
2 2  2 2 
 
Hence find continued product if two or more distinct values exists.
D-8. If 1, 1, 2, 3, 4 be the roots of x5  1 = 0, then find the value
  1    2    3    4
of 2 . . . (where  is imaginary cube root of unity.)
  1 2   2 2   3 2   4
ADVCN - 19
Complex Numbers
2 2
D-9. a = cos + i sin then find the quadratic equation whose roots are
7 7
 = a + a2 + a4 and  = a3 + a5 + a6
PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

Section (A) : Algebra of Complex Numbers and Its Representation and Demoivre’s Theorem
5
A-1. If z is a complex number such that |z| = 4 and arg(z) = , then z is equal to
6
(A) – 2 3 + 2i (B) 2 3 +i (C) 2 3 – 2i (D) – 3 +i
A-2. The complex numbers sin x + i cos 2x and cos x – i sin 2x are conjugate to each other, for
n
(A) x = n (B) x = 0 (C) x  (D) no value of x
2
n
 1 i 
A.3. The least value of n (n  N), for which   is real, is
 1 i 
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
A-4. In G.P. the first term & common ratio are both
1
2
 
3  i , then the modulus of nth term is :
(A) 1 (B) 2n (C) 4n (D) 3n
A-5. If z = (3 + 7i) (p + iq), where p, q   – {0}, is purely imaginary, then minimum value of |z|2 is
3364
(A) 0 (B) 58 (C) (D) 3364
3
A-6. If z = x + iy and z1/3 = a  ib then
x y
a b

  k a2  b2 where k = 
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
  1  i  i   |z| 
(1 + i)4  
   i 1   i 
A-7. If z = , then   equals
4    amp(z) 
(A) 1 (B)  (C) 3 (D) 4
A-8. The set of values of a  R for which x2 + i(a – 1) x + 5 = 0 will have a pair of conjugate imaginary roots
is
(A) R (B) {1}
(C) {a : a2 – 2a + 21 > 0} (D) {0}
A-9. Let z is a complex number satisfying the equation, z3 – (3 + i) z + m + 2i = 0, where m  R. Suppose

the equation has a real root , then find the value of 4 + m4
(A) 32 (B) 16 (C) 8 (D) 64
n
 1  i tan   1  i tann
A-10. The expression    when simplified reduces to :
 1  i tan   1  i tann
(A) zero (B) 2 sin n  (C) 2 cos n  (D) none
A-11. If (cos + i sin) (cos 2 + i sin 2) ... (cos n + i sin n) = 1, then the value of  is
3m 2m  4m  m
(A) ,mZ (B) ,mZ (C) ,mZ (D) ,mZ
n(n  1) n (n  1) n (n  1) n (n  1)
A-12. Let principle argument of complex number be re-defined between (, 3], then sum of principle
arguments of roots of equation z6 + z3 + 1 = 0 is
(A) 0 (B) 3 (C) 6 (D) 12
ADVCN - 20
Complex Numbers
Section (B) : Argument / Modulus / Conjugate Properties and Triangle Inequality

z 1
B-1. If |z| = 1 and  = (where z  –1), the Re() is
z 1
1 z 1 2
(A) 0 (B)  (C) . (D)
| z  1|2
z  1 | z  1|2 | z  1|2
(1  b  ia)
B-2. If a2 + b2 = 1, then =
(1  b  ia)
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) b + ia (D) a + ib
B-3. If (2 + i)(2 + 2i) (2 + 3i) ...... (2 + ni) = x + iy, then the value of 5.8.13. .......(4 + n 2)
(A) (x2 + y2) (B) x 2
 y2  (C) 2(x2 + y2) (D) (x + y)
B-4. If z = x + iy satisfies amp (z – 1) = amp (z + 3) then the value of (x – 1) : y is equal to

(A) 2 : 1 (B) 1 : 3 (C) – 1 : 3 (D) does not exist
B-5. If z1 =  3 + 5 i; z2 =  5  3 i and z is a complex number lying on the line segment joining
z1 & z2, then arg(z) can be :
3   5
(A)  (B)  (C) (D)
4 4 6 6
B-6. If (1 + i)z = (1 – i) z then z is
t t
(A) t(1 – i), t  R (B) t (1 + i), t  R (C) , t  R+ (D) , t  R+
1 i 1 i
B-7. Let z and  be two non-zero complex numbers such that |z| = || and arg z =  – arg , then z equals
(A) (B) – (C)  (D) – 
z1 3 z1
B-8. If z1 and z2 are two non-zero complex numbers such that = 2 and arg(z1z2) = , then is equal to
z2 2 z2
(A) 2 (B) –2 (C) –2i (D) 2i
B-9. Number of complex numbers z such that |z| = 1 and | z / z  z / z | 1 is (arg(z)  [0, 2])
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) more than 8
B-10. If |z1| = |z2| and arg (z1/z2) = , then z1 + z2 is equal to

(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 0 (D) 2
B-11. The number of solutions of the system of equations Re (z ) = 0, |z| = 2 is 2
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1

B-12. If |z2 – 1| = |z2| + 1, then z lies on :
(A) the real axis (B) the imaginary axis (C) a circle (D) an ellipse
B-13. If |z – 2i| + |z – 2|  ||z| – |z – 2 – 2i||, then locus of z is

(A) circle (B) line segment (C) point (D) complete x-y plane
Section (C) : Geometry of Complex Number and Rotation Theorem
z  5i
C-1. The complex number z = x + iy which satisfy the equation  1 lie on :
z  5i
(A) the x-axis (B) the straight line y = 5
(C) a circle passing through the origin (D) the y-axis
C-2. The inequality |z – 4| < | z – 2| represents :
(A) Re(z) > 0 (B) Re(z) < 0 (C) Re (z) > 2 (D) Re(z) > 3
ADVCN - 21
Complex Numbers
C-3. Let A, B, C represent the complex numbers z1, z2, z3 respectively on the complex plane. If the
circumcentre of the triangle ABC lies at the origin, then the orthocentre is represented by the complex
number :
(A) z1 + z2  z3 (B) z2 + z3  z1 (C) z3 + z1  z2 (D) z1 + z2 + z3

C-4. If Arg (z – 2 – 3i) = , then the locus of z is
4
/4 /4
(2, 3) (2, 3)
(A) (B) (C) (D)
| z  1  i |  2
C-5. The system of equations  , where z is a complex number has :
Re z  1
(A) no solution (B) exactly one solution
(C) two distinct solutions (D) infinite solution
C-6. The locus of z which lies in shaded region is best represented by
i
–i
  
(A) |z|  1,  arg z  (B) |z|  1,  arg z  0
2 2 2
 
(C) |z|  0, 0  arg z   (D) |z|  1,  arg z 
2 2

C-7. The equation |z – 1|2 + |z + 1|2 = 2 represents

(A) a circle of radius '1' (B) a straight line
(C) the ordered pair (0, 0) (D) None of these
z2 
C-8. If arg   then locus of z is :
z4 3
(A) equileteral triangle (B) arc of circle

(C) arc of ellipse (D) two rays making angle between them
3
C-9. The region of Argand diagram defined by |z – 1| + |z + 1|  4 is :
(A) interior of an ellipse (B) exterior of a circle
(C) interior and boundary of an ellipse (D) exterior of ellipse
C-10. The vector z =  4 + 5i is turned counter clockwise through an angle of 180º & stretched 1.5 times. The
complex number corresponding to the newly obtained vector is :
15 15 15 15
(A) 6  i (B)  6  i (C) 6  i (D) 6  i
2 2 2 2
C-11. The points z1, z2, z3, z4 in the complex plane are the vertices of a parallelogram taken in order if and
only if :
(A) z1 + z4 = z2 + z3 (B) z1 + z3 = z2 + z4 (C) z1 + z2 = z3 + z4 (D) z1 z3 = z2 z4
C-12.Complex numbers z1 , z2 , z3 are the vertices A, B, C respectively of an isosceles right angled triangle
with right angle at C and (z1 – z2)2 = k(z1 – z3) (z3 – z2), then find k
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) –2
ADVCN - 22
Complex Numbers
C-13. If z1, z2, z3 are vertices of an equilateral triangle inscribed in the circle |z| = 2 and if z1 = 1 + i 3 , then
(A) z2 = – 2, z3 = 1 + i 3 (B) z2 = 2, z3 = 1 – i 3
(C) z2 = – 2, z3 = 1 – i 3 (D) z2 = 1 – i 3 , z3 = – 1 – i 3
Section (D) : Cube root of unity and nth Root of Unity.
D-1. Let z1 and z2 be two non real complex cube roots of unity and |z –z1|2 + |z – z2|2 = be the equation of a
circle with z1, z2 as ends of a diameter then the value of  is
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 2
D-2. If x = a + b + c, y = a + b + c and z = a + b + c, where  and  are imaginary cube roots of unity,
then xyz =
(A) 2(a3 + b3 + c3) (B) 2(a3 – b3 – c3) (C) a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc (D) a3 – b3 – c3
1 n 2n
D-3. If 1, , 2 are the cube roots of unity, then  = n 2n 1 , (n ) is equal to-

2n
1  n
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C)  (D) 2

D-4. 2
If x + x + 1 = 0, then the numerical value of
2 2 2 2 2
 1  2 1   3 1   4 1   27 1 
 x  x    x  2    x  3    x  4   ......   x  27  is equal to
   x   x   x   x 
(A) 54 (B) 36 (C) 27 (D) 18
x3 x6 x 4 x7 x 2 x5 x8
D-5. If a = 1 +   ...... , b = x +   ...... , c =    ......
3! 6! 4! 7! 2! 5! 8!
then find a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc.
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
D-6. If equation (z – 1)n = zn = 1(n  N) has solutions, then n can be :
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 6 (D) 9
|1    2  2  1|
D-7. If  is non real and  = 5 1 then the value of 2 is equal to
(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 8
D-8. If  = ei8/11 then Real ( + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) equals to :
1
(A) (B) 1 (C) – (D) –1
2
PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN
1. Match the column
Column –  (Complex number Z) Column – (Principal argument of Z)
1  3i
2
1  i
5
(A) Z= . (p) 
2i   3  i 
6  6  7
(B) Z = sin + i  1  cos is (q) 
5  5  18
 11   11  9
(C) Z = 1 + cos   + i sin   (r)
 9   9  10
(D) Z = sinx sin(x – 60º) sin(x + 60º)
  5
where x  0,  and x R (s) –
 3 12
(t) 0
ADVCN - 23
Complex Numbers
2. Column I Column II

(one of the values of z)
 
(A) z4 – 1 = 0 p. z = cos + i sin
8 8
 
(B) z4 + 1 = 0 q. z = cos – i sin
8 8
 
(C) iz4 + 1 = 0 r. z = cos + i sin
4 4
(D) iz4 – 1 = 0 s. z = cos 0 + i sin 0
3. Which of the condition/ conditions in column II are satisfied by the quadrilateral formed by z 1, z2, z3, z4 in
order given in column I ?
Column - I Column-II
(A) Parallelogram (p) z1 – z4 = z2 – z3
(B) Rectangle (q) |z1 – z3| = |z2 – z4|
z1  z2
(C) Rhombus (r) is real
z3  z 4
z1  z3
(D) Square (s) is purely imaginary
z2  z 4
z1  z2
(t) is purely imaginary
z3  z 2
4. Let z1 lies on | z | = 1 and z2 lies on | z | = 2.

Column –  Column – 
(A) Maximum value of | z1 + z2 | (p) 3
(B) Minimum value of | z1 – z2 | (q) 1
(C) Minimum value of | 2z1 + 3z2 | (r) 4
(D) Maximum value of | z1 – 2z2| (s) 5
PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

1 
1. sin–1  (z  1)  , where z is nonreal, can be the angle of a triangle if
 i 
(A) Re(z) = 1, m(z) = 2 (B) Re(z) = 1, 0 <m (z)  1
(C) Re(z) + m(z) = 0 (D) Re(z) = 2, 0 <m (z)  1
2. If |z|2 – 2iz + 2c(1 + i) = 0, then the value of z is, where c is real.
(A) z = c + 1 i(–1 ± 1  2c  c 2 ), where c[–1 – 2 , –1 + 2 ]
(B) z = c – 1 i(–1 ± 1  2c  c 2 ), where c[–1 – 2 , –1 + 2 ]
(C) z = 2c + 1 i(–1 ± 1  2c  c 2 ), where c[–1 – 2 , –1 + 2 ]
(D) z = c + 1 i(–1 ±) 1  2c  c , where c[–1 –
2
2,1+ 2 ]
3. If (a + ib)5 =  + i , then (b + ia)5 is equal to

(A)  + i (B)  – i (C)  – i (D) –  – i
ADVCN - 24
Complex Numbers
1  z  z2
4. Let z be non real number such that  R, then value of 7|z| is
1  z  z2
(A)  (B)  (C)  (D) 7
5. If |z1| = 2, |z2| = 3, |z3| = 4 and |z1 + z2 + z3| = 2, then the value of |4z2z3 + 9z3z1 + 16z1z2|
(A) 24 (B) 48 (C) 96 (D) 120
6. The minimum value of |3z–3| + |2z–4| equal to
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
7. If |z1 – 1| < 1, |z2 – 2| < 2, |z3 – 3| < 3, then |z1 + z2 + z3|
(A) is less than 6 (B) is more than 3
(C) is less than 12 (D) lies between 6 and 12
8. Let O = (0, 0) ; A=(3, 0) ; B = (0, –1) and C=(3, 2),then minimum value of |z|+|z–3|+|z+i|+|z–3–2i| occur
at
(A) intersection point of AB and CO (B) intersection point of AC and BO
(C) intersection point of CB and AO (D) mean of O, A, B, C
9. Given z is a complex number with modulus 1. Then the equation [(1 + ia)/(1 – ia)]4 = z in 'a' has
(A) all roots real and distinct (B) two real and two imaginary
(C) three roots real and one imaginary (D) one root real and three imaginary
10. The real values of the parameter ‘a’ for which at least one complex number z = x + iy satisfies both the
equality z  ai = a + 4 and the inequality z  2 < 1.
 21 5   7 5 5 7  21 7 
(A)   ,   (B)   ,   (C)  ,  (D)   , 
 10 6   2 6 6 2  10 2 
11. The points of intersection of the two curves z  3 = 2 and z = 2 in an argand plane are:
(A)
1
2

7i 3  (B)
1
2

3i 7  (C)
3
2
±i
7
2
(D)
7
2
±i
3
2
12. The equation of the radical axis of the two circles represented by the equations,
z  2 = 3 and z  2  3 i = 4 on the complex plane is :
(A) 3iz – 3i z – 2 = 0 (B) 3iz – 3i z + 2 = 0 (C) iz – i z + 1 = 0 (D) 2iz – 2i z + 3 = 0
 z 1  4 
13. If log1/2   > 1, then the locus of z is
 
3 z  1  2
(A) Exterior to circle with center 1 + i0 and radius 10
(B) Interior to circle with center 1 + i0 and radius 10
(C) Circle with center 1 + i0 and radius 10
(D) Circle with center 2 + i0 and radius 10
14. Points z1 & z2 are adjacent vertices of a regular octagon. The vertex z3 adjacent to z2 (z3  z1) is
represented by :
1 1
(A) z2 + (1 ± i) (z1 + z2) (B) z2 + (1 ± i) (z1  z2)
2 2
1
(C) z2 + (1 ± i) (z2  z1) (D) none of these
2
15. If p = a + b + c2; q = b + c + a2 and r = c + a + b2 where a, b, c  0 and  is the non-real
complex cube root of unity, then :
(A) p + q + r = a + b + c (B) p2 + q2 + r2 = a2 + b2 + c2
2 2 2
(C) p + q + r = 2(pq + qr + rp) (D) None of these
ADVCN - 25
Complex Numbers
16. The points z1 = 3 + 3 i and z2 = 2 3 + 6 i are given on a complex plane. The complex number lying
on the bisector of the angle formed by the vectors z1 and z2 is :
(3  2 3 ) 3 2
(A) z =  i (B) z = 5 + 5 i
2 2
(C) z =  1  i (D) none
17. Let  be the non real cube root of unity which satisfy the equation h(x) = 0 where h(x) = x f(x 3) + x2g(x3).
If h(x) is polynomial with real coefficient then which statement is incorrect.
(A) f(1) = 0 (B) g(1) = 0 (C) h(1) = 0 (D) g(1)  f(1)
18. If 1, 1, 2, 3,......., n  1 be the n roots of unity, then the value of
th
 2 3 (n  1) 
sin . sin . sin ........ sin equals
n n n n
n n n 1 n
(A) n (B) n  1 (C) n  1 (D) n 1
2 2 2 2
PART - II : NUMERICAL VALUE QUESTIONS
INSTRUCTION :
 The answer to each question is NUMERICAL VALUE with two digit integer and decimal upto two digit.
 If the numerical value has more than two decimal places truncate/round-off the value to TWO decimal
placed.
N
1. If a and b are positive integer such that N = (a + ib)3 – 107i is a positive integer then find the value of
5
2. Let z,w be complex numbers such that z  iw  0 and arg zw = . If Re(z) < 0 and principal arg(z) is

 1 i
r
3. If x = 91/3 91/9 91/27 ..., y = 41/3 4–1/9 41/27 ... , and z = and principal argument of P = (x + yz) is
r 1
 a
–tan–1 
 b 
then determine a2 + b2. (where a & b are co-prime natural numbers)
 
4. z1, z2  c and z12 + z22  R, z1(z12 – 3z22) = 2, z2 (3z12 – z22) = 11. If z12 + z22 = then determine 
z 1
5. Let |z| = 2 and w = where z, wC (where C is the set of complex numbers). If maximum and
z 1
minimum value of |w| is M and m respectively then value of M + m.
6. A function 'f' is defined by f(z) = (4 + i)z2 + z +  for all complex number z, where  and  are complex
numbers if f(1) and f(i) are both real and the smallest possible values of || + || is p then determine p.

7. If z and  are two non-zero complex numbers such that |z| = 1, and arg (z) – arg() = , then find
2
the value of 10 i z 
8. Number of complex number satisfying |z| = max {|z – 1|, |z + 1|}.

9. If z1 & z2 both satisfy the relation, z + z = 2 z  1 and arg (z1  z2) = , then find the imaginary part
4
of (z1 + z2).
10. If a1, a2, a3.... an, A1, A2, A3..... An, k are all real numbers and number of imaginary roots of the
A12 A 22 A n2
equation   ......  = k is (where all Ai  0). Then find the value of  + 15.
x  a1 x  a2 x  an
ADVCN - 26
Complex Numbers
a z
1 r
11. How many complex number z such that | z | < and r = 1 where |ar| < 2.
3 r 1
12. If a variable circle S touches S1 : |z – z1| = 7 internally and S2 : |z – z2| = 4 externally while the curves S1
& S2 touch internally to each other, (z1  z2). If the eccentricity of the locus of the centre of the curve S is
‘e’ find the value of e.
z2
13. Given that, z  1 = 1, where ' z ' is a point on the argand plane. =  i tan (arg z). Then
2z
1
determine 4 .

 
14. Area of the region formed by z  4 & –  arg z  on the Argand diagram is
2 3
15. The points A, B, C represent the complex numbers z1, z2, z3 respectively on a complex plane & the
1 
angle B & C of the triangle ABC are each equal to (   ) . If (z2  z3)² =  (z3  z1) (z1  z2) sin2
2 2
then determine 2
1 1 1
16. If and 2 are the non-real cube roots of unity and a, b, c  R such that   = 22
a b c
1 1 1 1 1 1
and   = 2. If   =  then determine 4
a 2
b 2
c 2
a 1 b 1 c 1
 n n n 
17. If L = lim    ......  2 
then value of 9L2 is
n  (1  n)(1  n2 ) (2  n)(2  n )
2
(n  n)(n  n ) 

6
 2 k 2 k 
18. The value of   sin
k 1  7
 icos
7 
= then find 4
r
 i 2   1+ Z1 + Z2 + Z3  ......... + Z7 
19. If Zr =  e 15  then value of arg   is
 
   1+ Z8 + Z9 + Z10 + ....... + Z14 
1 1 1
20. If A1, A2, ......., An be the vertices of an n-sided regular polygon such that = + , then
A1A 2 A1A 3 A1A 4
find the value of n
PART - III : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE

1. If the biquadratic x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0 (a, b, c, d  R) has 4 non real roots, two with sum 3 + 4i
and the other two with product 13 + i.
(A) b = 51 (B) a = –6 (C) c = –70 (D) d = 170
2. 2
The quadratic equation z + (p + ip) z + q + iq = 0; where p, p, q, q are all real.
(A) if the equation has one real root then q 2  pp  q + qp 2 = 0.
(B) if the equation has two equal roots then pp = 2q .
(C) if the equation has two equal roots then p2  p2 = 4q
(D) if the equation has one real root then p 2  pp  q + q 2 = 0.
3. The value of in + in, for i =  1 and n   is :
2 n
(1 i) 2n
(1 i)2n (1 i)2n (1 i)2n 2n 2n 2n
(A) + (B) + (C) + (D) +
(1 i)2n 2n 2n 2n 2n (1 i)2n (1 i)2n (1 i)2n
4.  If amp (z1z2) = 0 and |z1| = |z2| = 1, then

(A) z1 + z2 = 0 (B) z1z2 = 1 (C) z1 = z2 (D) z1 = z2
ADVCN - 27
Complex Numbers

5. Let z1 and z2 are two complex numbers such that (1 – i)z1 = 2z2 and arg(z1z2) = , then arg(z2) is equal
2
to
(A) 3/8 (B) /8 (C) 5/8 (D) – 7/8
6. If |z1 + z2| = |z1| + |zz| (where z1 and z2 are non-zero complex numbers), then
2 2 2
z z
(A) 1 is purely real (B) 1 is purely imaginary
z2 z2
z1 
(C) z1z2  z2 z1 = 0 (D) amp
may be equal to
z2 2
7. 4 3 2
a, b, c are real numbers in the polynomial, P(z) = 2z + az + bz + cz + 3. If two roots of the equation
P(z) = 0 are 2 and i. Then which of the following are true.
11 11
(A) a = – (B) b = 5 (C) c = – (D) a = –11
2 2
8. If Z =
1  i1  2i1  3i...... 1  ni , n  N then principal argument of Z can be
1  i 2  i3  i...... n  i
 
(A) 0 (B) (C) – (D) 
2 2
9.  For complex numbers z and w, if |z|2w – |w|2 z = z – w. Which of the following can be true :
(A) z = w (B) z w = 1 (C) |z| = |w| = 2, z  w (D) z w = 1
10. If z satisfies the inequality |z – 1 – 2i|  1, then which of the following are true.
(A) maximum value of |z| = 5 1 (B) minimum value of |z| = 5  1

3
(C) maximum value of arg(z) = /2 (D) minimum value of arg(z) = tan–1  
4
3
11. The curve represented by z = ,  [0, 2)
2  cos   i sin 
(A) never meets the imaginary axis (B) meets the real axis in exactly two points
(C) has maximum value of |z| as 3 (D) has minimum value of |z| as 1
12. POQ is a straight line through the origin O . P and Q represent the complex number a + i b and c + i d
respectively and OP = OQ. Then which of the follwoing are true :
(A) |a + i b| = | c + i d| (B) a + c = b + d
(C) arg (a + i b) = arg (c + i d) (D) none of these
13. Let i = 1 . Define a sequence of complex number by z1 = 0, zn+1 = zn2 + i for n  1. Then which of the
following are true.
(A) |z2050| = 3 (B) |z2017| = 2 (C) |z2016| = 1 (D) |z2111| = 2
14. If |z1| = |z2| = ...... = |zn| = 1 then which of the following are true.
1 1 1 1
(A) z1 = (B) |z1 + z2 + ..... + zn| =   ......  .
z1 z1 z2 zn
1 1 1
(C) Centroid of polygon with 2n vertices z1, z2, ....... zn , , ..... (need not be in order) lies
z1 z 2 zn
on real axis.
1 1 1
(D) Centroid of polygon with 2n vertices z1, z2, ...... zn , ,.... (need not be in order) lies on
z1 z 2 zn
imaginary axis.
ADVCN - 28
Complex Numbers
1 1
15. If 2 cos = x + and 2 cos = y + , then which of the following statement can be true?
x y
1 x y
(A) xn + n
= 2 cos (n), n  z (B)  = 2 cos ( – )
x y x
1 1
(C) xy + = 2 cos ( + ) (D) xmyn + m n
= 2cos(m + n), m, n  z
xy x y
z
16. If = k, k > 0 where, z = x + iy and  = 1 + i2,  = 1 + i2 are fixed complex numbers. Then
z
which of the following are true
 k 2   
(A) if k  1 then locus is a circle whose centre is  2
 k  1 
 
k(   )
(B) if k  1 then locus is a circle whose radius is
1 k2
(C) if k = 1 then locus is perpendicular bisector of line joining  = 1 + i2 and  = 1 + i2
 k 2   
(D) if k  1 then locus is a circle whose centre is  2
 k  1 
 
 z  1  2i  
17. The locus of equation Arg   represents part of circle in which
 z3i  3
 3 1 2  5
(A) centre is  1   i   (B) radius is
 2 2 3   3
 3 1 2  5
(C) centre is  1   i   (D) radius is
 2 2 3   3
18. The equation ||z + i| – |z – i|| = k represents

(A) a hyperbola if 0 < k < 2 (B) a pair of ray if k > 2
(C) a straight line if k = 0 (D) a pair of ray if k = 2
19. The equation |z – i| + |z + i| = k, k > 0, can represent
(A) an ellipse if k > 2 (B) line segment if k = 2 (C) an ellipse if k = 5 (D) no locus if k = 1
20. If |z1| = |z2| = |z3| = 1 and z1, z2, z3 are represented by the vertices of an equilateral triangle then
(A) z1 + z2 + z3 = 0 (B) z1z2z3 = 1 (C) z1z2 + z2z3 + z3z1 = 0 (D) z23 + z33 = 2z13
21. Let z1, z2, z3 be three distinct complex numbers satisfying, z11 = z21 = z31= 1. Let A, B & C
be the points representing vertices of equilateral triangle in the Argand plane corresponding to z 1, z2
and z3 respectively. Which of the following are true
(A) z1 + z2 + z3 = 3 (B) z12 + z22 + z32 = 3
3 3
(C) area of triangle ABC = (D) z1z2 + z2z3 + z3z1 = 1
4
22. If 1, 1, 2, 3,......., n  1 be the nth roots of unity, then which of the following are true
1 1 1 n 1
(A)   ......  =
1  1 1   2 1  n1 2
(B) (1 1) (1 2) (1 3)........ (1  n  1) = n.
(C) (2 – 1) (2 2) (2 3)........ (2  n  1) = 2n – 1
1 1 1 n
(D)   ......  =
1  1 1   2 1  n1 2
ADVCN - 29
Complex Numbers
23. Which of the following are true.

x n  2
(A) cos x + nC1 cos 2x + nC2 cos 3x +..... + nCn cos (n + 1) x = 2n. cosn . cos  x
2  2 
x n  2
(B) sin x + nC1 sin 2x + nC2 sin 3x +..... + nCn sin (n + 1) x = 2n. cosn . sin   x
2  2 
x  nx 
(C) 1 + nC1 cosx + nC2 cos 2x +..... + nCn cos nx = 2n. cosn . cos  
2  2 
x  nx 
(D) nC1 sinx + nC2 sin 2x +..... + nCn sin n x = 2n. cosn . sin  
2  2 
24. If  are distinct roots of x3 – 3x2 + 3x + 7 = 0 and  is non-real cube root of unity, then the value of
 1  1  1
  can be equal to :
 1  1  1
(A) 2 (B) 22 (C) 32 (D) 3
25. If z is a complex number then the equation z2 + z z + z2 = 0 is satisfied by
( and 2 are imaginary cube roots of unity)
(A) z = k  where k  R (B) z = k 2 where k is non negative real
(C) z = k  where k is positive real (D) z = k 2 where k  R.
26. If  is imaginary nth (n  3) root of unity. Which of the following are true.
n 1 n1
n 2r n 
(A) 
r 1
(n  r) r =
1 
(B) (n  r) sin
r 1
n
= cot .
2 n
n1 n 1
2r
(n  r) cos  (n  r) 
n n
(C) =– (D) r
=
r 1
n 2 r 1
1 
27. Which of the following is true?
(A) Number of roots of the equation z10  z5  992 = 0 with real part positive = 5
(B) Number of roots of the equation z10  z5  992 = 0 with real part negative = 5
(C) Number of roots of the equation z10  z5  992 = 0 with imaginary part non-negative = 6
(D) Number of roots of the equation z10  z5  992 = 0 with imaginary part negative = 4
PART - IV : COMPREHENSION
Comprehension # 1 (Q. No. 1 - 2)
Let (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + .......+ Cnxn. For sum of series C0 + C1 + C2 + ........., put x = 1. For sum of
series C0 + C2 + C4 + C6 + ........, or C1 + C3 + C5 + ........ add or substract equations obtained by putting
x = 1 and x = – 1.
For sum of series C0 + C3 + C6 + ........ or C1 + C4 + C7 + ....... or C2 + C5 + C8 + ....... we subsitute x = 1,
x = , x = 2 and add or manipulate results.
Similarly, if suffixes differe by ‘p’ then we substitute pth roots of unity and add.
1. C0 + C3 + C6 + C9 +........ =
1  n n 1  n n 1  n n 1  n n
(A)  2  2cos (B)  2  2 cos 3  (C) 3  2  2 sin 3  (D) 2  2 sin
3  3  3    

3  3 
2. C1 + C5 + C9 +.... =
1  n n 1  n n
(A) 2  2n / 2 2cos (B) 2  2n / 2 2cos
4  4  4  4 
1  n n 1  n n
(C) 2  2n / 2 2 sin (D) 2  2n / 2 2 sin
4  4  4  4 
ADVCN - 30
Complex Numbers
Comprehension # 2 (Q. No. 3 to 6)

As we know ei = cos + isin and (cos1 + isin1).(cos2 + isin2) = cos(1 + 2) + i sin(1 + 2)
3
Let ,   R such that cos ( – ) + cos ( – ) + cos ( – ) = –
2
3.  sin (+ ) =  cos (+ ) =
(A)0 (B)3cos cos cos (C)3 cos ( +  + ) (D)3
4. cos(2 –  –  )
5.  cos 3  =
 cos (    )
3
6. If   R then =
 cos(    )
Comprehension # 3(Q. No. 7 to 8)
ABCD is a rhombus. Its diagonals AC and BD intersect at the point M and satisfy BD = 2AC. Let the
points D and M represent complex numbers 1 + i and 2 – i respecetively.
If is arbitary real, then z = reiRr  R2 lies in annular region formed by concentric circles
| z | = R1 , | z | = R2 .
7. A possible representation of point A is

i i 3 3
(A) 3 – (B) 3 + (C) 1 + i (D) 3 – i
2 2 2 2
8. If z is any point on segment DM then w = eiz lies in annular region formed by concentric circles.
1
(A) |w |min = 1, |w|max = 2 (B) | w |min = , | w |max = e
e
1 1
(C) |w |min = 2 , | w |max = e2 (D) | w |min = , | w |max = 1
e 2
Comprehension # 4 (Q. No. 9 to 10)
Logarithm of a complex number z = x + iy is given by
logez = loge(x + iy) = loge(|z|ei) (where  = arg(z))
= loge|z| + logeei
= loge |z| + i
= loge x 2
 y2  + i arg(z)
 loge(z) = loge|z| + i arg(z)
1
In general loge (x+ iy) = loge (x² + y²) + i (2n + arg(x + iy)) where n  .
2
9. Write loge (1 + 3 i) in (a + ib) form

   
(A) loge2 + i(2n + ) (B) loge3 + i(n + ) (C) loge2 + i(2n + ) (D) loge2 + i(2n – )
3 3 6 3
10. Find the real part of (1 – i)–i.
1  1 
(A) e/4 + 2n cos  loge 2  (B) e–/4 + 2n cos  loge 2 
2  2 
 1 
(C) e–/4 + 2n cos loge 2 (D) e–/2 + 2n cos  loge 2 
2 
ADVCN - 31
Complex Numbers
PART - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.
1*. Let z1 and z2 be two distinct complex numbers and let z = (1 – t) z1 + tz2 for some real number t with
0 < t < 1. If Arg(w) denotes the principal argument of a nonzero complex number w, then
[IIT-JEE-2010, Paper-1, (3, 0)/84]
(A) |z – z1| + |z – z2| = |z1 – z2| (B) Arg (z – z1) = Arg (z – z2)
z  z1 z  z1
(C) =0 (D) Arg (z – z1) = Arg (z2 – z1)
z2  z1 z2  z1
2 2
2. Let  be the complex number cos + i sin . Then the number of distinct complex numbers z
3 3
z 1  2
satisfying  z  2 1 = 0 is equal to [IIT-JEE-2010, Paper-1, (3, 0)/84]
2 1 z
3. Match the statements in Column-I with those in Column-II. [IIT-JEE-2010, Paper-2, (8, 0)/79]
[Note : Here z takes values in the complex plane and Im z and Re z denote, respectively, the
imaginary part and the real part of z.]
Column-I Column-II
4
(A) The set of points z satisfying (p) an ellipse with eccentricity
5
|z – i| z|| = |z + i|z|| is contained in
or equal to
(B) The set of points z satisfying (q) the set of points z satisfying Im z = 0
|z + 4| + |z – 4| = 10 is contained in
or equal to
1
(C) If |w| = 2, then the set of points z = w – (r) the set of point z satisfying |Im z|  1
w
is contained in or equal to
1
(D) If |w| = 1, then the set of points z = w + (s) the set of points z satisfying |Re z|  2
w
is contained in or equal to
(t) the set of points z satisfying |z|  3
4. If z is any complex number satisfying |z – 3 – 2i|  2, then the minimum value of |2z – 6 + 5i| is
[IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-1, (4, 0), 80]
i
5. Let  = e 3 , and a, b, c, x, y, z be non-zero complex numbers such that
a+b+c=x
a + b + c2 = y
a + b2 + c = z.
| x |2  | y |2  | z |2
Then the value of is [IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-2, (4, 0), 80
| a |2  | b |2  | c |2
6. Let z be a complex number such that the imaginary part of z is non zero and a = z2 + z + 1 is real. Then
a cannot take the value [IIT-JEE 2012, Paper-1, (3, –1), 70]
1 1 3
(A) –1 (B) (C) (D)
3 2 4
ADVCN - 32
Complex Numbers
1
7. Let complex numbers  and lies on circles (x – x0)2 + (y – y0)2 = r2 and (x – x0)2 + (y – y0)2 = 4r2,

respectively. If z0 = x0 + iy0 satisfies the equation 2|z0|2 = r2 + 2, then || =
[JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-1, (2, 0)/60]
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 7 3
3 i  1
8.* Let w = and P = {wn : n = 1,2,3,....}. Further H1 =  z  C : Re z  and H2 =
2  2
 1
 z  C : Re z  –  , where C is the set of all complex numbers. If z1  P  H1, z2  P  H2 and O
 2
represents the origin, then z1O z2 = [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
  2 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 6 3 6
9.* Let  be a complex cube root of unity with   1 and P = [pij] be a n × n matrix with pij =  i + j . Then
P2  0, when n = [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
(A) 57 (B) 55 (C) 58 (D) 56
Paragraph for Question Nos. 10 to 11
Let S = S1  S2 S3, where

  z – 1 3 i 

S1 = {z C : |z| < 4}, S2 = z  C : m    0  and

  1– 3 i  

S3 : {z C : Re z > 0}.
10. Area of S = [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]

10  20 16  32
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3
11. min | 1– 3i – z | = [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
zS
2– 3 2 3 3– 3 3 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2
 2k   2k 
12. Let zk = cos    isin  10  ; k  1, 2,...9 . [JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
 10   
List I List II
P. For each zk there exists a zj such that zk. zj = 1 1. True
Q. There exists a k  {1,2,....,9} such that z1.. z = zk has 2. False
no solution z in the set of complex numbers.
| 1– z1 || 1– z2 | ..... | 1– z9 |
R. equals 3. 1
10
9
 2k 
S. 1 –  cos   equals 4. 2
k 1  10 
P Q R S
(A) 1 2 4 3
(B) 2 1 3 4
(C) 1 2 3 4
(D) 2 1 4 3
ADVCN - 33
Complex Numbers
 k   k 
13. For any integer k, let k = cos   + i sin   , where i = –1 . The value of the expression
 7   7 
12

k 1
k 1 – k
3
is [JEE (Advanced) 2015, P-2 (4, 0) / 80]
  4k –1 –  4k – 2
k 1
1  3 i ( z)r z2s 
14. Let z = 1 and r, s  {1,2,3}. Let P =  2s
, where i =  and  be the identity matrix of
2  z zr 
order 2. Then the total number of ordered pairs (r, s) for which P2 = –  is
[JEE (Advanced) 2016, Paper-1, (3, 0)/62]
 1 
15. Let a, b Rand a2 + b2 0. Suppose S = z  R : z  , t  R, t  0  , where i = 1 .
 a  ibt 
If z = x + iy and z S then (x, y) lies on [JEE (Advanced) 2016, Paper-2, (4, –2)/62]
1  1 
(A) the circle with radius and centre  ,0  for a > 0 , b  0
2a  2a 
1  1 
(B) the circle with radius – and centre  ,0  for a < 0, b  0
2a  2a 
(C) the x-axis for a 0, b = 0
(D) the y-axis for a = 0, b  0
16. Let a, b, x and y be real numbers such that a – b = 1 and y  0. If the complex number z = x + iy
 az  b 
satisfies Im   = y, then which of the following is(are) possible value(s) of x ?
 z 1 
[JEE(Advanced) 2017, Paper-1,(4, –2)/61]
(A) 1 – 1  y2 (B) – 1– 1  y2 (C) 1 + 1  y2 (D) – 1 + 1  y2
17. For a non-zero complex number z, let arg(z) denote the principal argument with – < arg(z)  . Then,
which of the following statement(s) is (are) FALSE ?

(A) Arg(–1 –i) = , where i = –1 [JEE(Advanced) 2018, Paper-1,(4, –2)/60]
4
(B) The function f : R  (–, ], defined by f(t) = arg(–1 + it) for all t  R, is continuous at all points
of R, where i = –1
z 
(C) For any two non-zero complex numbers z1 and z2 , arg  1   arg(z1 )  arg(z2 ) is an integer
 z2 
multiple of 2
(D) For any three given distinct complex numbers z1, z2 and z3, the locus of the point z satisfying
 (z  z1 )(z 2  z3 ) 
the condition arg   = , lies on a straight line.
 (z  z3 )(z2  z1 ) 
18. Let s, t, r be non-zero complex numbers and L be the set of solutions z = x + iy (x, y  R, i = –1 ) of
the equation sz + t z + r = 0, where z = x – iy. Then,which of the following statement(s) is (are) TRUE ?
(A) If L has exactly one element, then |s|  |t|
(B) If |s| = |t|, then L has infinitely many elements [JEE(Advanced) 2018, Paper-2,(4, –2)/60]
(C) The number of elements in L  {z : |z – 1 + i| = 5} is at most 2
(D) If L has more than one element, then L has infinitely many elements
ADVCN - 34
Complex Numbers
19. Let S be the set of all complex numbers z satisfying |z – 2 + i|  5 . If the complex number z0 is such
1  1  4 – z 0 – z0
that is the maximum of the set  : z  s  , then the principal argument of is
| z0 – 1|  | z – 1 |  z 0 – z 0  2i
[JEE(Advanced) 2019, Paper-1,(4, –1)/62]
 3  
(A) (B) (C) – (D)
4 4 2 2
20. That   1 be a cube root of unity. Then the minimum of the set {|a + b + c2|2; a, b, c are distinct
non zero integers} equals ______. [JEE(Advanced) 2019, Paper-1,(4, –1)/62]
PART - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

1. If  and  are the roots of the equation x2 – x + 1 = 0, then 2009 + 2009 = [AIEEE 2010, (4, –1), 144]
(1) – 1 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) –2
2. The number of complex numbers z such that | z – 1| = | z + 1| = |z – i| equals
[AIEEE 2010, (4, –1), 120]
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3)  (4) 0
3. If (1) is a cube root of unity, and (1 + )7 = A + B . Then (A, B) equals[AIEEE 2011, I, (4, –1), 120]
(1) (0, 1) (2) (1, 1) (3) (1, 0) (4) (–1, 1)
4. Let , be real and z be a complex number. If z2 + z +  = 0 has two distinct roots on the line Re z =
1, then it is necessary that : [AIEEE- 2011, I, (4, –1), 120]
(1)   (0, 1) (2)  (–1, 0) (3) || = 1 (4)   (1, )
 1 z 
5. If z is a complex number of unit modulus and argument , then arg   equals :
 1 z 
[AIEEE - 2013, (4, –1), 120]

(1) – (2)   (3)  (4) –  
2
1
6. If z a complex number such that |z|  2, then the minimum value of z  :
2
[JEE(Main) 2014,(4,–1), 120]
(1) is strictly greater than 5/2 (2) is strictly greater than 3/2 but less than 5/2
(3) is equal to 5/2 (4) lie in the interval (1, 2)
7. A complex number z is said to be unimodular if |z| = 1. Suppose z1 and z2 are complex numbers such
z – 2z2
that 1 is unimodular and z2 is not unimodular. Then the point z1 lies on a :
2 – z1z2
[JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – 1), 120]
(1) straight line parallel to x-axis (2) straight line parallel to y-axis
(3) circle of radius 2 (4) circle of radius 2
2  3i sin 
8. A value of  for which is purely imaginary, is : [JEE(Main) 2016, (4, – 1), 120]
1– 2i sin 
  3  1  
(2) sin–1 
 4 
(1) (3) sin–1   (4)
6    3 3
1 1 1
9. Let  be a complex number such that 2 + 1 = z where z = 3 . If 1   1 2 = 3k, then k is
2
1 2 7
equal to : [JEE(Main) 2017, (4, – 1), 120]
(1) –z (2) z (3) –1 (4) 1
ADVCN - 35
Complex Numbers
10. If ,   C are the distinct roots, of the equation x2 – x + 1 = 0, then 101 + 107 is equal to :
[JEE(Main) 2018, (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) –1 (4) 0
11. Let  and  be two roots of the equation x2 + 2x + 2 = 0, then 15 + 15 is equal to :
[JEE(Main) 2019, Online (09-01-19),P-1 (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 512 (2) –256 (3) 256 (4) –512
12. Let z be a complex number such that |z| + z = 3 + i, (where i =  1 ) then |z| is equal to :
[JEE(Main) 2019, Online (11-01-19),P-2 (4, – 1), 120]
34 41
(1) (2) 5/4 (3) 5/3 (4)
3 4
13. Let z1 and z2 be two complex numbers satisfying |z1| = 9 and |z2 – 3 – 4i| = 4. Then the minimum value
of |z1 – z2| is : [JEE(Main) 2019, Online (12-01-19),P-2 (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 2
14. If z =
3 i
2 2
 
 i  – 1 , then (1 + iz + z5 + iz8)9 is equal to :
[JEE(Main) 2019, Online (08-04-19),P-2 (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 0 (2) (–1 + 2i)9 (3) –1 (4) 1
5  3z
15. Let z  C be such that z  1, If  = then :
5(1  z)
[JEE(Main) 2019, Online (09-04-19),P-2 (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 4 Im() > 5 (2) 5Re() > 4 (3) 5 Re() > 1 (4) 5 Im () < 1

16. If z and  are two complex numbers such that | z | 1 and arg (z) – arg()= , then:
2
[JEE(Main) 2019, Online (10-04-19),P-2 (4, – 1), 120]
1– i –1  i
(1) z   –i (2) z   (3) z   (4) z   i
2 2
17. If the equation, x2 + bx + 45 = 0 (bR) has conjugate complex roots and they satisfy |z + 1| = 2 10 ,
then : [JEE(Main) 2020, Online (08-01-20),P-1 (4, –1), 120]
(1) b2 – b = 30 (2) b2 + b = 72 (3) b2 – b = 42 (4) b2 + b = 12
–1  i 3 100 100
18. Let  =
2
if a = (1 + ) 
k 0
2k
and b = 
k 0
3k
, then a and b are the roots of the quadratic
equation : [JEE(Main) 2020, Online (08-01-20),P-2 (4, –1), 120]

(1) x2 + 101x + 100 = 0 (2) x2 – 102x + 101 = 0
(3) x2 –101x + 100 = 0 (4) x2 + 102x + 101 = 0
z 1 5
19. Let z be a complex number such that = 1 and z  . Then the value of |z + 3i| is :
z  2i 2
[JEE(Main) 2020, Online (09-01-20),P-1 (4, –1), 120]
7 15
(1) 10 (2) 2 3 (3) (4)
2 4
ADVCN - 36
Complex Numbers
EXERCISE - 1
PART - I
Section (A) :
A-1. (i) 3, –1 (ii) x = 1 and y = 2;
 5 3K
(iii) (1, 1)  0,  (iv) x = K, y = ,KR
 2 2
A-2. (i) 8 (ii) 10
A-3. (i) [(–2, 2) ; (–2, –2)] (ii) – (77 + 108 i)
A-4. (i) ± (4 + 3i) (ii) ± 2 + 0i or 0 ± 2 i
A-5. z = (2 + i) or (1 – 3i)

 cot
21 12 1 2
A-6. (i)  i (ii) 3 + 4 i (iii) + i (iv) 2
5 5   
2  1  3cos2  1  3 cos 2
 2 2
 5 4
i i i
A-7. (i) ei (ii) 5e 2 (iii) 2e 6 c (iv) 2e 5
9 9 9
A-8. (i)z = 2 cos Principal Arg z = , arg z = + 2k, k 
25 25 25
5 5
(ii) Modulus = 2, Arg = 2 k  – , k , Principal Arg = 
6 6
(iii) Modulus = sec21, arg = 2k + (2 – ), Principal Arg = (2 – )
1  11 11
(iv) Modulus = cosec , arg z = 2k + , Principal Arg =
2 5 20 20
iz 1
A-9. + +i A-10. (i) 4 (ii) 3
2 2
Section (B) :

B-1. (i) (a – ib)2 B-2.  B-3. 1 B-7. 0 B-8. (i) ± (ii) 1
2
  
B-10. arg z   , 
 2 4 
Section (C) :
C-1. 5+2& 5 2
C-2. (i) 0, 6 (ii) 1, 7 (iii) 0, 5
ADVCN - 37
Complex Numbers
C-3. (i) The region between the concentric circles with centre at (0, 2) & radii 1 and 3
units
(ii) The part of the complex plane on or above the line y = 1
(iii) a ray emanating from the point (3 + 4i) directed away from the origin & having equation,
3 x  y + 4  3 3 = 0, x > 3
1 1
(iv) Region outside or on the circle with centre + 2i and radius
2 2

C-4. (i) |z| = 20 (ii) OP = OQ = PR = QR = 20 C-7. 9 C-8. 5
2
C-9. – 4 – 3 i, 2 5 C-10. a rhombous but not a square
Section (D) :
D-1. 3 D-2. –5 D-3. 4n D-4. (i) 1 (ii) 1
D-6. z = – 1, 3, 1 – 2 i, 1 + 2 i
1 + 2i
–1 1 3 4
1 – 2i
Sum = 4
centroid = 1

(6n 1) i
D-7. (i) – 1 (ii) e 4 , n = 0, 1, 2, 3. Continued product = 1
D-8.   D-9. x2 + x + 2 = 0
PART - II
Section (A) :
A-1. (A) A-2. (D) A.3. (B) A-4. (A) A-5. (D) A-6. (D) A-7. (D)
A-8. (B) A-9. (A) A-10. (A) A-11. (C) A-12. (D)
Section (B) :
B-1. (A) B-2. (C) B-3. (A) B-4. (D) B-5. (D) B-6. (A) B-7. (D)
B-8. (D) B-9. (C) B-10. (C) B-11. (A) B-12. (B) B-13. (D)
Section (C) :
C-1. (A) C-2. (D) C-3. (D) C-4. (A) C-5. (B) C-6. (A) C-7. (C)
C-8. (B) C-9. (C) C-10. (A) C-11. (B) C-12. (B) C-13. (C)
Section (D) :
D-1. (B) D-2. (C) D-3. (A) D-4. (A) D-5. (A) D-6. (C) D-7. (A)
D-8. (C)
PART - III
1. (A)  (s), (B)  (r), (C)  (q), (D)  (p) 2. A  s; B  r; C  p; D  q.
3. a  p, r; b  p,q,r, t; c  p,r,s; d  p,q,r,s, t. 4. (A)  (p),(B)  (q), (C)  (r), (D)  (s)
ADVCN - 38
Complex Numbers
EXERCISE - 2
PART - I
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (A) 4. (D) 5. (B) 6. (B) 7. (C)
8. (C) 9. (A) 10. (A) 11. (B) 12. (B) 13. (A) 14. (C)
15. (C) 16. (B) 17. (D)
18. (B)
PART - II
1. 39.60 2. 02.35 or 02.36 3. 13.00 4. 25.00 5. 09.11 6. 01.41
7. 10.00 8. 00.00 9. 02.00 10. 15.00 11. 00.00 12. 00.27
13. 16.00 14. 20.94 15. 16.00 16. 16.00 17. 03.28 or 03.29
18. 01.00 19. 02.93 20. 07.00
PART - III
1. (ABC) 2. (ABC) 3. (BD) 4. (BC) 5. (BD) 6. (BCD)
7. (ABC) 8. (ABCD) 9. (A BD) 10. (ABCD) 11. (ABCD) 12. (AB)
13. (BCD) 14. (ABC) 15. (ABCD) 16. (ABC) 17. (AB) 18. (ACD)
19. (ABCD) 20. (ACD) 21. (ABC) 22. (ABC) 23. (ABCD) 24. (CD)
25. (BC) 26. (ABC) 27. (ABCD)
PART - IV
1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (A) 4. (D) 5. (C) 6. (D)
7. (A) 8. (B) 9. (A) 10. (B)
EXERCISE - 3
PART - I
1*. (ACD) 2. 1
3. (A) - (q,r), (B)-(p), (C) - (p,s,t), (D) - (q,r,s,t) 4. (5)
i / 3
5. Bonus (w = e is a typographical error, because of this the answer cannot be an integer.)
(if w = then answer comes out to be 3)
6. (D) 7. (C) 8. (C) 9. (BCD) 10. (B)
11. (C) 12. (C) 13. 4 14. 1 15. (A,C,D)
16. (B,D) 17. (ABD) 18. (ACD) 19. (C) 20. (3)
PART - II
1. (2) 2. (1) 3. (2) 4. (4) 5. (3) 6. (4) 7. (3)
8. (3) 9. (1) 10. (1) 11. (2) 12. (3) 13. (1) 14. (3)
15. (3) 16. (1) 17. (1) 18. (2) 19. (3)
ADVCN - 39
Complex Numbers
1. If the equation z4 + a1z3 + a2z2 + a3z + a4 = 0 where a1, a2, a3, a4 are real coefficient different from zero,
a3 aa
has a purely imaginary root, then find the value of  1 4
a1a 2 a 2 a3
2. If |z1| = 2, |z2| = 3, |z3| = 4 and |2z1 + 3z2 + 4z3| = 4, then find the value of |8z2z3 + 27z3z1 + 64z1z2|
3. If | z |2  A z2  Az 2  Bz  Bz  c  0 represents a pair of intersecting lines with angle of

intersection ‘’ then find the value of |A|
4. If z2  z    0 ( are complex numbers) has a real root then prove that
              
2
z12 z2 z2
5. If z1, z2, z3 be three complex number such that |z1| = |z2| = |z3| = 1 and  2  3 +1=0
z 2 z3 z1z 3 z1z 2
then sum of all the possible values of |z1 + z2 + z3|
1
6. Number of complex number (z) satisfying |z|2 = |z|n –2z2 + |z|n –2z + 1 such that Re(z)  – and
2
n = 2 + 1,   N.
.
7. Let z1 & z2 be any two arbitrary complex numbers then prove that
(i) |z1 + z2| =

z1
| z1 |
z
| z2 |  2 | z1 |
| z2 |
(ii) z1 + z2 
1
2
z 1  z2  z1
z1
z
 2 .
z2
8. Prove that
z
(i)  1  | arg z|. (ii) |z – 1|  ||z| – 1| + |z| |arg z|.
|z|
9. Prove that
|Img(zn)|  n |Img (z)||z|n –1 , nI
10. If z  1  z  3  8 then find the range of values of z  4 .
11. Show that all the roots of the equation a1z3 + a2z2 + a3z + a4 = 3, where |ai|  1, i = 1, 2, 3, 4 lie outside
the circle with centre origin and radius 2/3.
12. Consider the locus of the complex number z in the Argand plane is given by Re(z) –2 = |z – 7 + 2i|. Let
P(z1) and Q (z2) be two complex number satisfying the given locus and also satisfying
 z - (2 + i)  
arg  1  = (  R) then find the minimum value of PQ
 z2 - (2 + i)  2
z  z1
13. Find the mirror image of the curve = a, a  R+ a  1 about the line |z – z1| = |z – z2|.
z  z2
ADVCN - 40
Complex Numbers
z 
14. Let z1 and z2 are the two compelx numbers satisfying |z – 3 – 4i| = 3. Such that Arg  1  is maximum
 z2 
then find the value of |z1 – z2|.
z  
15. If z1 and z2 are the two complex numbers satisfying |z – 3 – 4i| = 8 and Arg  1   then find the
 z2  2
range of the values of |z1 – z2|.
16. If |z – z1| = |z1| and |z – z2| = |z2| be the two circles and the two circles touch each other then prove that
z 
Img  1  = 0
 z2 
p q r
17. If q r p = 0; where p, q, r are the modulus of non-zero complex numbers u, v, w respectively,
r p q
2
w  w u
prove that, arg = arg   .
v  v u 
 z  iz1 
18. If |z2 + iz1| = |z1| + |z2| and |z1| = 3 & |z2| = 4, if affix of A, B, C are z1, z2,  2  respectively. Then
 1 i 
find the area of ABC
19. Find the locus of mid-point of line segment intercepted between real and imaginary axes, by the line
az  az  b  0 , where ‘b’ is real parameter and ‘a’ is a fixed complex number such that Re(a)  0, 
m(a)  0.
20. Given z1 + z2 + z3 = A, z1 + z2  + z3 2 = B, z1 + z2 2 + z3  = C, where  is cube root of unity,

(a) express z1, z2, z3 in terms of A, B, C.
(b) prove that, |A|2 + |B|2 + |C|2 = 3 z 1

2
 z2
2
 z3
2
.
(c) prove that A3 + B3 + C3 – 3ABC = 27z1 z2 z3
n 1
21. If w  1 is nth root of unity, then find the value of 
k  0
| z1  w k z 2 |2
a b c
22. Let a, b, c be distinct complex numbers such that = = = k, (a, b, c  1). Find the value
1 b 1 c 1 a
of k.
2 i 20
23. If  = e 7 and f(x) = A0 + A x
k 1
k
k
, then find the value of,
f(x) + f(x) + ..... + f(6x) independent of .

2 2
24. Given, z = cos + i sin , ‘n’ a positive integer, find the equation whose roots are,
2n  1 2n  1
 = z + z3 + ...... + z2n – 1 and  = z2 + z4 + ..... + z2n.
 2   4   6   2n   1
25. Prove that cos   + cos   + cos   +..... + cos   =  When n  N.
 2n  1   2n  1   2n  1   2n  1  2
ADVCN - 41
Complex Numbers
 2 k 2k  1
26. Proof that (i) sin sin ........sin 
2k  1 2k  1 2k  1 2k
 2 k 1
(ii) cos cos ........cos 
2k  1 2k  1 2k  1 2k
27. If Zr , r = 1, 2, 3, ......, 2m, m  N are the roots of the equation

2m
1
Z2m + Z2m–1 + Z2m–2 + ....... + Z + 1 = 0, then prove that 
r 1 Zr  1
=–m
28. The points represented by the complex numbers a, b, c lie on a circle with centre O and radius r. The
a1  b1  2c 1
tangent at c cuts the chord joining the points a, b at z. Show that z =
a1b1  c 2
29. Show that for the given complex numbers z1 and z2 and for a real constant c the equation
(z1  z2 )z  (z1  z2 )z  c  0
represents a family of concurrent lines and and also find the fixed point of the family.
(where  is a real parameter)
30. Let z1 , z2 , z3 are three pair wise distinct complex numbers and t1, t2, t3 are non-negative real numbers
such that t1 + t2 + t3 = 1. Prove that the complex number z = t1z1 + t2z2 + t3z3 lies inside a triangle with
vertices z1, z2, z3 or on its boundary.
sec 
1. 1 2. 96 3. 5. 3 6. 2 10. [1, 9]
2
z  z2 24  103 – 5, 103  5
12. 10 13. =a 14. 15.
z  z1 5  
25 A BC A  B 2  C  A  B   C 2
18. 19. az  az  0 20. (a) z1 = , z2 = , z3 =
4 3 3 3
21. n(|z1|2 + |z2|2) 22. –  or – 2 23. 7 A0 + 7A7 x7 + 7A14x14
sin2 n 2 cz 2
24. z2 + z + = 0, where  = 29. z
sin 2
2n  1 z1z2  z 2 z1
ADVCN - 42

Complex Number Theory+Exercise+HLP

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Complex Number Theory+Exercise+HLP

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Complex Number Theory+Exercise+HLP

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Complex Numbers

The complex number system

(c) i=  1 is called the imaginary unit.

(e) If z = a + ib, then a – ib is called complex conjugate of z and written as z = a – ib

Self Practice Problems

In real numbers if a2 + b2 = 0 then a = 0 = b however in complex numbers,

Example # 1 : Find the multiplicative inverse of 4 + 3i .

Self Practice Problem :

(3) Simplify in + in+1 + in+2 + in+3 , n  . Ans. 0

Equality In Complex Number :

Example # 2 : Find the value of x and y for which

Example # 3 : Find the value of expression x4 + 4x3 + 5x2 + 2x + 3, when x = – 1 + i.

Example # 4 : Find the square root of – 21 – 20i

Self Practice Problem

(4) Solve for z : z = i z2

(a) Cartesian Form (Geometric Representation) :

(i) a > 0, b > 0 p.v. arg z = 

(iii) a < 0, b > 0 p.v. arg z =  – 

 (iv) a < 0, b = 0 p.v. arg z = 

(v) a < 0, b < 0 p.v. arg z = – ( – )

(vii) a > 0, b < 0 p.v. arg z = – 

(viii) a > 0, b = 0 p.v. arg z = 0

Example # 5 : Solve for z if (z)2 + 2|z| = 0.

Self Practice Problems

Self practice problems :

(iii) Modulus and argument of multiplication of two complex numbers.

(iv) Geometrical representation of multiplication of complex numbers.

Hence, R is represented by z1z2 = r1r2 ei( 1 2 )

(v) Modulus and argument of division of two complex numbers.

Conjugate of a complex Number :

Self Practice Problem

Distance, Triangular Inequality

|z1 – z2| = (x1  x2 )2  (y1  y2 )2

or |cos1 . z4 + cos2 . z3 + cos3 . z2 + cos4 . z + cos5| = 23

23  |cos1 . z4 | + |cos2 . z3 | + |cos3 . z2 | + cos4 . z| + |cos5 |

r2 + 2r – 3  0 ........(i) and r2 – 2r – 3  0 ........(ii)

Self Practice Problem

Answers : (12) M  (0, 6)

(i) arg z =  represnets points (non-zero) on ray

 with positive direction of real axis

Example # 15 : Sketch the region given by

Self Practice Problems

Answers : (14) (i) (ii)

Solution : Let affix of C and D are z3 and z4 respectively.

Self Practice Problems

Cube Root of Unity :

(iii) In polar form the cube roots of unity are :

(v) The following factorisation should be remembered :

Example # 18 : Find the value of 200 + 198 + 193.

Self Practice Problem

nth Roots of Unity :

(i) They are in G.P. with common ratio ei(2/n)

(iv) 1. 1. 2. 3......... n  1 = 1 or 1 according as n is odd or even.

Self Practice Problems

(26) Find all values of ( 256)1/4. Interpret the result geometrically.

The Sum Of The Following Series Should Be Remembered :

Note : If  = (2/n) then the sum of the above series vanishes.

(iv) Circumcentre of the  ABC = :

(3) z  a = z  b is the perpendicular bisector of the line joining a to b.

Match the following columns :