UNIT 2 MIS and E Business 1
UNIT 2 MIS and E Business 1
UNIT 2 MIS and E Business 1
BCA
Semester: V
Reference Note
Website: www.bkbhusal.com.np
BCA-5th - MIS and E-Business
I-Way:
Any e-commerce application will need the I-Way infrastructure in the same manner as any normal business
would require the interstate highway network to carry goods from one place to the other.
I-Way is a network of interconnected data highway of several types:
Cable TV wires
Cellular and satellite
Telephone wires
Radio-based wireless
Website: www.bkbhusal.com.np
BCA-5th - MIS and E-Business
I-Way is an interactive two-way high-capacity method of transporting information and services. I-Way is
applicable in large volume e-commerce applications as it provides traffic-free telecommunication service. I-Way
helps organizations, firms and companies in upgrading their network infrastructure. It also helps companies and
organizations in recognizing the following:
1. Their infrastructure
2. Ways to change their business
3. Transaction strategies (marketing, advertising, etc.)
4. Ways to sell their products and services
5. Ways to change their relationship with the customer
I-Way Component
Cable based
Router Satellite
Wireless based
Website: www.bkbhusal.com.np
BCA-5th - MIS and E-Business
Network access equipment
To access any network, specific equipment is required at the customer and this enables the consumer to
access the network. It consists of hardware, such as routers, switches and access devices, such as computers
and set-top boxes. Software platforms are browsers and operating systems.
Backbone
High-bandwidth fiber optic cable that transports data across the Internet
Network Service Provider (NSP)
Owns and controls one of the major networks comprising the Internet backbone.
Bandwidth
➤ Measures how much data can be transferred over a communications medium within a fixed period of time;
is usually expressed in bits per second (bps), kilobits per second (Kbps), or megabits per second (Mbps)
Website: www.bkbhusal.com.np
BCA-5th - MIS and E-Business
Campus Networks
Generally local area networks operating with a organization that leases access to the Web directly from
regional and national carriers
Internet Service Providers
Firm that provides the lowest level of service in the multi-tiered Internet architecture by leasing Internet
access to home owners, small businesses, and some large institutions.
Narrowband
The traditional telephone modem connections, now operating at 56.6 Kbps
Broadband
Refers to any communication technology that permits clients to play streaming audio and video files at
acceptable speeds -- generally above 100 Kbps Broadband service is based on DSL, cable modem,
telephone (T1 and T3 lines), and satellite technologies.
Cable modem
It refers to a cable television technology that piggybacks digital access to the Internet using the same
analog or digital video cable providing television signals to a home. Cable Internet is a major broadband
alternative to DSL service, generally providing faster speeds and a "triple play" subscription: telephone,
television, and Internet for a single monthly payment.
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
It is a telephone technology that provides high-speed access to the Internet through ordinary telephone
lines found in a home or business. Service levels range from about 768 Kbps up to 7 MBPS.
Website: www.bkbhusal.com.np
BCA-5th - MIS and E-Business
T1
An international telephone standard for digital communication that offers guaranteed delivery at 1.54
Mbps
T3
An international telephone standard for digital communication that offers guaranteed delivery at
45Mbps
Satellite
Satellite companies provide high-speed broadband Internet access, primarily to homes and offices
located in rural areas where DSL or cable access is not available.
INTRANET
Intranet is defined as private network of computers within an organization with its own server and
firewall. Intranet is system in which multiple PCs are networked to be connected to each other. PCs in
intranet are not available to the world outside of the intranet. Usually each company or organization has
their own Intranet network and members/employees of that company can access the computers in their
intranet.
Intranet Internet
1. Localized Network. 1. Worldwide Network
2. Doesn't have access to Intranet 2. Have access to Internet.
3. More Expensive 3. Less Expensive
4. More Safe 4. Less Safe
5. More Reliability 5. Less Reliability
Extranet
Extranet refers to network within an organization, using internet to connect to the outsiders in controlled
manner. It helps to connect businesses with their customers and suppliers and therefore allows working
in a collaborative manner.
Website: www.bkbhusal.com.np
BCA-5th - MIS and E-Business
Extranet Intranet
Internal network that can be accessed externally. Internal network that cannot be accessed externally.
Extranet is extension of company's Intranet. Only limited users of a company
For limited external communication between Only for communication within a company.
customers, suppliers and business partners.
Architecture of WAP
Website: www.bkbhusal.com.np
BCA-5th - MIS and E-Business
Architecture of WAP
Application Layer:
This layer contains the Wireless Application Environment (WAE). It contains mobile device specifications and
content development programming languages like WML.
Session Layer:
This layer contains Wireless Session Protocol (WSP). It provides fast connection suspension and reconnection.
Transaction Layer:
This layer contains Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP). It runs on top of UDP (User Datagram Protocol) and is
a part of TCP/IP and offers transaction support.
Security Layer:
This layer contains Wireless Transaction Layer Security (WTLS). It offers data integrity, privacy and
authentication.
Transport Layer:
This layer contains Wireless Datagram Protocol. It presents consistent data format to higher layers of WAP
protocol stack.
The user opens the mini-browser in a mobile device. He selects a website that he wants to view.
The mobile device sends the URL encoded request via network to a WAP gateway using WAP protocol.
The WAP gateway translates this WAP request into a conventional HTTP URL request and sends it over
the internet.
The request reaches to a specified Web server and it processes the request just as it would have
processed any other request and sends the response back to the mobile device through WAP gateway
in WML file which can be seen in the micro-browser.
Wireless Technologies
Website: www.bkbhusal.com.np
BCA-5th - MIS and E-Business
ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) is a high-speed Internet access service that utilizes existing
copper telephones lines to send and receive data conventional dial-up modems.
ADSL uses standard telephone lines to transmit upstream and downstream data on a digital frequency,
which sets these data streams apart from the analog signals telephones and fax machines use.
ADSL allows data steam speeds from 1.5 to 8 megabits per second (Mbps).
Website: www.bkbhusal.com.np
BCA-5th - MIS and E-Business
What is WiMAX?
WiMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) (carriers of width of 5MHz or greater can be used)
connectivity at speeds up to 70 Mbps.
WiMAX refers to broadband wireless networks that are based on the IEEE 802.16 standard, which
ensures compatibility and interoperability between broadband wireless access equipment.
WiMAX, which will have a range of up to 31 miles, is primarily aimed at making broadband network
access widely available without the expense of stringing wires (as in cable-access broadband) or the
distance limitations of Digital Subscriber Line.
Website: www.bkbhusal.com.np
BCA-5th - MIS and E-Business
Subscriber Station (SS). The SS is a stationary WiMAX-capable radio system that communicates with a
base station, although it may also connect to a relay station in multi-hop relay network operations.
What is Wi-Fi?
Wi-Fi is stands for Wireless Fidelity
Wi-Fi is a wireless technology that uses radio frequency to transmit data through the air.
Wi-Fi is a universal wireless networking technology that utilizes radio frequencies to transfer data.
Vic-Hayes has been called the "father of Wi-Fi".
Wi-Fi allows you to use your computer or other device to connect to the internet from anywhere there
is a Wi-Fi access point (often known as a hot Spot).
Wi-Fi is the wireless way to handle networking.
It is also known as 802.11 networking.
The big advantage of Wi-Fi is its simplicity.
We can connect computers anywhere in our home or office without the need for wires. The computers
connect to the network using radio signals, computers can be up to 100 feet or so apart.
3G (UMTS)
3G actually stands for "third generation", as it is the third type of access technology that has been made
widely commercially available for connecting mobile phones.
It is also known as UMTS System. GENE (3G) stands for Universal Mobile Telecommunication System.
It is one of the THIRD mobile phone technology
It is standardized by 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project)
First step towards all-IP vision.
It is an evolution of GSM technology (Global System for Mobile)
UMTS, the 3G successor to GSM, utilizes the W-CDMA(Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access) air
interface and GSM infrastructures, so it is also called 3GSM
UMTS is an upgrade from GSM via GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)
Data rates of UMTS are:
144 kbps for rural
384 kbps for urban outdoor
2048 kbps for indoor and low range outdoor
Website: www.bkbhusal.com.np
BCA-5th - MIS and E-Business
Disadvantage
Poor Video Experience
Drains battery
Expensive that GSM
Still not full Broadband
4G (LTE)
4G means the fourth generation of data technology for cellular networks following 3G, the third
generation. LTE stands for Long Term Evolution and is short for a very technical process for high-speed
data for phones and other mobile devices. Together, they make 4G LTE-the fastest 4G service available
today.
It is designed to provide up to 10x the speeds of 3G networks for mobile devices such as smartphones,
tablets, netbooks, notebooks and wireless hotspots.
4G technologies are designed to provide IP-based voice, data and multimedia streaming at speeds of at
least 100 Mbit per second and up to as fast as 1 GB per second.
With the power of 4G LTE, you can share and stream video in high definition; game in near-real time;
surf quickly and easily; and download songs and photos in seconds and movies in minutes.
Website: www.bkbhusal.com.np
BCA-5th - MIS and E-Business
2. ROGUE ACCESS
A common method of attack used by hackers is the use of a rogue access point that is setup within range
of your existing wireless network.
The concept behind a rogue access point is simple. Hackers establish these false networks to fool people
and devices in range to use those access points.
This allows hackers to access data and information on legitimate devices that should be secure.
3. PASSIVE CAPTURING
Security Issues related to Wireless Communications
Passive capturing is another threat to security on your wireless network.
Passive capturing is accomplished by setting up devices within range of the network and "listening" to
the data traffic traveling along your network and capturing that information.
What hackers do with that information differs depending upon the goal of the hacker.
Some attempt to breakthrough your existing security settings by analyzing network traffic, while others
simply look through the non-secured traffic to potentially access sensitive information regarding
business operations.
Assignment
Website: www.bkbhusal.com.np