Cea 4bsar Arc041 P2

ARC 041: Building Technology 04
Module #5 Student Activity Sheet
Name:
Class number:
Section: Schedule:
Date:
Lesson title: Estimating Civil Works Materials:

Handouts, and paper, PPT presentation
Learning Targets:
1. To gain considerable knowledge on re-bars and References:
structural steel works in estimating Architectural Materials for Construction by
Harold J. Rosenand, Building Construction
Handbook by Frederick S. Merritt New
York: McGraw- Hill, 1975, Fundamentals of
Construction Estimating by David J. Pratt
Albany: Delmar Publishers,1995
A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
Introduction
An estimate is a calculation of the quantities of various items of work, and the expenses likely to be incurred there on.
The total of these probable expenses to be incurred on the work is known as estimated cost of the work. The estimated
cost of a work is a close approximation of its actual cost.
B. MAIN LESSON
Rebars
Rebar (reinforcement steel/reinforcing steel) is a building material used to improve properties of concrete blocks.
Those wires are made of patterned steel (improves adhesion), and they are usually placed in a way to create a
mesh. Thanks to the steel characteristics (thermal expansion coefficient very similar to the concrete's),
reinforcement compensates for low tensional strength of concrete. Rebar may boost the resistance to failure of
concrete even several times.
Civil engineers apply the reinforcing steel while designing buildings and poured concrete driveways. Besides the
increased tension resistance, rebar also improves concrete cracking resilience and allows for reducing the
thickness of concrete blocks. Applying the reinforcement is for sure a more expensive building solution.
However, contractors tend to use it in practically all construction projects - it's uncommon to use non-reinforced
concrete. After a few years, you will notice that placing rebar was, in fact, a money-saving decision. Why?
Because reinforced concrete slabs, blocks, driveways and buildings will last much, much longer.
Rebar sizes
For the imperial-unit countries, bar sizes give the diameter in units of the ⅛ inch for bar sizes #2 through #8. For
example, 8⁄8 = #8 = 1 inch diameter. Equivalent metric size is typically specified as the nominal diameter
rounded to the nearest millimeter. These sizes are not considered as standard metric sizes - they are considered
soft conversion or the soft metric size. Imperial sizes system recognizes true metric
This document is the property of PHINMA

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bar sizes (No. 10, 12, 16, 20, 25, 28, 32, 36, 40, 50 and 60). That indicates the nominal bar diameter in millimeters.
Rebar cost – an example of calculation
1. First, enter the concrete slab sizes: length = 6m, width = 4m.
2. Specify the spacings: rebar-rebar spacing = 40cm, edge-grid spacing = 8cm.
3. Fill in the price and single rebar length that you will buy at your supplier: rebar price = PhP2/m, single rebar
length = 6m.
4. Finally, take a look at the calculation results: grid length = 5.84m, grid width = 3.84m, total rebars length
= 112.13m, rebar pieces = 19, rebars cost = PhP228.
Structural Steel Works
Steel is an alloy of iron and other elements such as carbon. It is one of the most commonly used materials used
in the construction industry due to its proven strength and durability. Steel construction

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has many advantages; an excellent strength-to-weight ratio, the ability to join metals together easily, the ability
to form efficient shapes, and so on.
Structural steelwork is generally used to form a the 'skeleton' frame of a building or other built asset, typically
consisting of columns and beams which are riveted, bolted or welded together.
Structural steel prices can vary widely, even just from one day to the next. Considering that major construction
projects take months to years to complete, failure to account for potential fluctuations across the proposed time
span of the project can throw your budget and the entire project into a tailspin.
Having a good and accurate estimate is crucial to competitively bidding and winning major projects, but unexpected
purchase prices for the steel can whittle away at your bottom line at the end of the road, compromising the value of
any win to your own bottom line. Here are a few tips and some examples on how to arrive at the best estimate for
structural steel.
Material purchase location and quantity being purchased are central considerations when estimating structural
steel. Warehouse prices generally apply to small orders, while mill prices apply to large orders, and pricing for
each respective type of outlet varies.
Keep in mind that prices offered by a supplier or manufacturer are quoted as of the time of delivery, which
means future deliveries are subject to the same laws of fluidity in pricing. Incorporating an escalation clause into
a contract to deal with unexpected rising material costs may help absorb any increases. The framing system of a
building typically contributes a minimum of 10 percent to 12 percent, sometimes more, of the total building cost.
The Estimating Procedure
Structural steel is normally priced by weight, so having a firm idea of what structural sections will be used and
the meaning of the lettering of each section is important for developing an accurate estimate. For example, the
standard method for specifying the dimensions of an American Wide Flange Beam is W 6 x 25, which is 6
inches deep with a weight of 25 pounds per foot.
 Prepare your takeoff by grouping the steel by its grade.

 Group your material per section or member type.
 Continue grouping by method of tied connection.
 Group structural steel by its location on the project.
 Maintain sequence of takeoff by columns and details.
 Specify the beams and details per floor.
 Take off quantities for bracing and flooring under a separate area.
 Remember to estimate the quantities of plates, connectors, and accessories.

EDUCATION
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Check for Understanding
Definition. What is the difference between rebars and structural steel works?
LESSON WRAP-UP
What is the importance of structural steel works, not only on estimates but in overall project completion?
- No Steel is one of the most generally utilized materials of construction time. Without the use of steel, the
structure doesn't make a solid while seismic tremors like earthquakes, etc happen. Steel structures are
susceptible to various ecological conditions. There are a few properties wherein solid structures are
preferred over steel and the utilization of steel is consistently expanding everywhere throughout the world
in development projects and also in civil engineering-related fields. According to 'Lorraine Farrelly'
(Author of construction+materiality), before the utilization of steel in development building, became a
common practice, the weight of the structure material and the forces of gravity and pressure defined the
endurance, chance of stability in structure, and its architectural possibilities. Each steel structures have
some advantages as well as disadvantages. And now we are going to elaborate on the complete
description regarding steel here.
Thinking about Learning

Why do you think structural steel works and rebars are one of the most important factors with overall project estimates?

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Lesson title: Materials:

Estimating Site Works Handouts and paper, PPT presentation
Learning Targets: References:

1. To gain considerable knowledge on details and estimates on Architectural Materials for Construction by
sitework and earthworks. Harold J. Rosenand, Building Construction
Introduction
Sitework and excavation is the process in which a construction site is prepared for the construction job. This phase of the
construction process contains a variety of activities performed on the site and is an essential part of the construction
project.
B. MAIN LESSON
Sitework
Sitework is a crucial step in the construction process, responsible for both initial site preparation and finishing
touches. In both residential and commercial construction, any part of the project that is not directly part of
erecting a structure is considered sitework. Sitework often includes:
 Grading: creating a level piece of land upon which a structure will sit.
 Excavation: removing soil or rock to create a trench, wall shaft, tunnel or foundation for a
construction project.
 Backfill: using a combination of soil and rocks to replace soil that has been removed during
construction.
 Septic & sewer system installation: a structure in a remote area will likely require a septic
system to remove waste.
 Water: drilling a well or hooking a building up to city water
 Permit processing and fees: this varies by city and type of construction project.
 Tree removal and land clearing: trees and boulders often must be removed before construction can
begin. Simply cutting a tree at the base is not sufficient. Stumps and root systems must be removed
completely by a professional.
 Driveway and pathway installation: Landslide clean-up, debris removal and erosion control may also
be part of sitework depending on the condition of the lot and whether or not parts of the lot have been
compromised by extreme weather or other phenomena.

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Sitework Estimate
To successfully estimate sitework, one must calculate work quantities from engineering drawings, correctly adjust
for material swell and shrink, assemble efficient crews, and determine productivity. Site work is the most variable
cost of multifamily construction and is particularly difficult to estimate in the conceptual phase when one may only
have a plan of existing conditions and an idea of what the project could be.
Sitework includes: rough and finish grading, driveway and walkways, topsoil, lawn, and plantings. Construction
above the dirt is relatively simple to estimate based upon historical costs for similar projects that can be acquired
easily enough if one does not already have it. Sitework estimates must consider the following:
 Pre-bid investigation  Estimating forms and formats

 Plans and specifications  Trench volume calculations
 Site visit and soil borings  Trenching productivity
 Pre-estimate checklists  Pipe laying productivity
 Area and perimeter calculations  Storm drainage exercise
 Cut/fill calculations: average end area  Materials costing
method
 Equipment selection procedures
 Soils shrink and swell  Subsurface interferences
 Cut/fill calculations: grid cell method
 Clearing and demolition
 Soils classifications
 Dewatering methods
 Matching equipment to soil type
 Specification analysis
 Excavation production
 Safety requirements
 Bulk excavation exercise
 Sanitary sewer exercise
 Crew analysis
 Estimate slopes/shoulders
 Trucking optimization
 Curb and gutter calculations
 Bidding and mark-up discussion
 Estimate and quantify asphalt paving
 Equipment costing
 Estimate and quantify concrete paving
 Road calculations
 Estimate hauling costs
 Mass haul diagrams
 Crew assemblies
 Earthwork “Rules of Thumb”
 Estimate Compaction
Earthworks
Earthwork in excavation and backfilling of soil upto required depth is required for construction of foundation and
trenches. The proper sequence of excavation and backfilling is required to optimise the process and prevent safety
issues.
Excavation and backfilling of soil is a very important part of construction process, and care must be taken while
excavation in safety perspective.

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Different soil layers may be encountered while excavation, dewatering may be needed sometimes. These points
must be kept in mind to take necessary action during excavation and backfilling. Correct measurement of
excavation and backfilling is required because excavation cost is major part of the foundation construction.
Excavation and Backfilling of Soil
Materials and Tools Used for Excavation

The following are the equipments used for the earthwork for foundation:
 Hydraulic excavator
 Tractor / trucks
 Spade
 Kassi
 Pickaxe
 Crowbar
 Rammer
 Wedge
 Boning Rod
 Sledge Hammer
 Basket
 Iron Pan
 Line and Pins
 hydraulic compactor
Drawings required for excavation

1. Centerline Drawing
2. Layout Plan
Scope of Work for Excavation and Backfilling of Soil

 Setting out of corner benchmarks.
 Survey for ground levels.
 Survey for top levels
 Excavation to approved depth.
 Dressing of loose soil.
 Making up to cut off level
 Constructing dewatering wells and interconnecting trenches.
 Marking boundaries of the building.
 Constructing protection bunds and drains
Working Procedure for Soil Excavation
The extent of soil and rock strata is found by making trial pits in the construction site. The excavation and depth is
decided according to the following guidelines in the site.
 For Isolated footing the depth to be one and half times the width of the foundation.

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 For adjacent footings with clear spacing less than twice the width (i.e.) one and half times the length.
 1.5m in general and 3.5 m in black cotton soils.
Earthwork in Excavation by using hydraulic Excavator
Setting out or ground tracing is the process of laying down the excavation lines and center lines etc. on the ground
before the excavation is started.
The centerline of the longest outer wall of the building is marked on the ground by stretching a string between
wooden or mild steel pegs.
Each peg may be projected about 25 to 50 mm from the ground level and 2m from the edge of the excavation.
The boundary is marked with the lime powder.
The center lines of other walls are marked perpendicular to the longer walls. A right angle can be formed by
forming 3, 4 and 5 triangles. Similarly, outer lines of the foundation trench of each cross walls and are set out.
Backfilling and Removal of Excess Soil
Estimate the excavated stuff to be re-utilized in filling, gardening, preparing roads, etc. As far as possible try to
carry excavation and filling simultaneously to avoid double handling. Select and stack the required material in
such a place that it should not obstruct other construction activities. The excess or unwanted material should
immediately be carried away and disposed off by employing any of the following methods.
 Labour
 Tractor
 Trucks

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Measuring Sitework and Excavation Work Generally
 Measuring sitework and excavation work is different from measuring most of the other work of a
construction project because drawings show very little detail about sitework or excavation.
 Information about what is currently to be found at the site has to be determined on a site visit.
 Soil reports may be available for larger projects.
 Excavation and backfill are measured by bank measure. This leaves quantities unchanged, ignoring
swell and compaction factors.
 The estimator needs to be aware of OSHA safety requirements for excavations.
Calculating Volumes of Excavation and Backfill for Trenches
 Trenches are measured using the following formula:

– Volume of trench = centerline length x average width x average depth
• Example: volume of excavation for Figure 3.1:
• Average depth of wall = (5.0’ + 7.0’) / 2 = 6.0’
• Average width of wall:
– Width of footing 3.0’
– Add for work space 2.0’ (2 x 1’-0”)
– Add for cutback 6.0’ (2 x ½ depth) 11.0’
– Volume of trench: = 100’ x 11.0’ x 6’
= 6600 cu. ft.
= 244 CY
Backfill Example
– Backfill volume = excavation volume – footing volume – wall volume

= 6600 – (100.0 x 3.0 x 2.0) – (100.0 x 1.0 x 4.0)
– (Note that only the portion of the wall that is in the trench is deducted, so the height of wall in the trench
is the average trench depth minus 2’-0” for the footing: 6’-0” – 2’-0” is 4’-0”)
• = 6600 – 600 – 400 = 5600 cubic feet
• = 5600 / 27 cubic yards
– Backfill volume = 207.4 cubic yards
Basement Volumes
 Basement volume = average length x average width x average depth

– Example: Basement Excavation
• Average depth = (5.83’ + 4.17’ + 3.33’ + 4.67’) / 4
• = 4.5’
• Average length:
• Building length: 40.0’
• Add for work space 2.0’ ( 2 x 1’-0”)

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• Add for cutback 4.5’ (2 x ½ depth of excavation)
• Total Length = 46.5’
• Average width of excavation:
• Width of building: 28.0’
• Add for work space 2.0’ ( 2 x 1’-0”)
• Add for cutback 4.5’ (2 x ½ depth of excavation)
• Total Width = 34.5’
• Volume of Trench: = 46.5’ x 34.5’ x 4.5,
• = 7219 cu. ft.
= 267.4 CY
Grid Method of Calculating Cut and Fill Quantities
Calculation by the "grid method" requires a survey of the site showing the elevation of the existing grade at each
intersection point on a grid.
The elevation of the required new grade is also plotted at each intersection point and from these two elevations the
depth of cut or fill is obtained.
Cut volumes are calculated separately from fill volumes:

• Multiply depth of cut (or fill) at an intersection point by the area “covered” by this point.
• Add together all of the individual cut volumes (or fill volumes).
Rules of Measurement for Excavation and Backfill
These are some of the rules of measurement:

– Excavations, backfill, and fill material shall be measured in cubic yards “bank measure.”
– If different types of material will be encountered in the excavations, each type of material shall be
described and measured separately.
– Different types of excavations and backfill material shall be classified and measured separately.
– An item of disposal of surplus soil shall be measured when there is excess excavated material.
(Alternatively, the price of disposal of surplus excavated materials can be included with the excavation
price.)

Discuss the factors of sitework division that makes it a pertinent information for input in estimating project cost.

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LESSON WRAP-UP
Why is it important to prepare the site prior construction?
- As earlier discussed, sitework allows for an in-depth understanding of the project site. Together with your
site development plans, sitework details the work on how to achieve the overall site design. Sometimes,
extra costs for unforeseen vegetation or canal works are the cause of major delays. It is therefore
important to start the project on a good foundation, to lessen future headaches.

Enumeration. Enumerate at least two (2) problems you think one would encounter when minimal attention is given to
sitework and preparation.

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Estimating Concrete Works Handouts, and paper, PPT presentation

1. To gain considerable knowledge on details and estimates on Architectural Materials for Construction by
concrete works. Harold J. Rosenand, Building Construction
Introduction
Concrete is a compound material made up of cement, coarse aggregate and water – these are the main compound materials
of concrete. When the compounds of concrete mixed with each other a fluid mass form of concrete is obtained and which
can pour into molds to get a specific desired shape. This fluid mass concrete hardens with respective to time. Actually the
cement reacts with other compounds chemically to bind them together to form a hard thing – concrete.
B. MAIN LESSON
Concrete Works
Components of Concrete
 Cement
 Water
 Coarse aggregates / fine aggregates
 Admixtures
The proportion of the materials should maintain in a correct way, as the materials affect the final concrete product.
Mainly the water cement ratio should be considered carefully. When the water cement ratio increases, the strength
of the final product will decreased. Concrete is prepared with the consideration of time and placement area. . If
good -quality concrete is to be produced, then not only must the constituents of the mix be up to standard, but also
the equipment used in mixing, transporting, placing and compacting must be suitable for the task. The general
properties of concrete mostly coincide with the properties of rock. Concrete is the main component of
construction material as it resists compression, flexible to get multiple shapes and reinforced concrete is resistant
to the tensile stress too.

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Types of Concrete
1. Plain or Ordinary Concrete
Main constituent materials of this type concrete are cement, aggregate and water. As the reinforcement is missing
in this type of concrete, it is suitable for the structures in which high tensile strength is not necessary.
2. Reinforced Concrete
Reinforced concrete is introduced to rectify the issue in plain concrete that is introduction of reinforcement to the
plain concrete. Reinforcement is provided by steel rods, wire mesh or steel rods. The combination of rebar and
plain concrete withstand the tensile, compressive force and behave as a single material. Nowadays most of the
building structures use this type of concrete.
3. Lightweight Concrete
Lightweight concrete is a type of concrete which contains an expanding agent. That expanding agent is the
lightweight aggregate of lightweight concrete. That agent increases the volume of the concrete mixture and
reduces the dead weight of the mixture. Lightweight concrete is prepared using light weight aggregates such as
pumice, scoria, shales and clays. Lightweight concrete is a good fire resistive material but lightweight concrete is
sensitive to water, takes much time for the preparation and can be breakable like a glass material (brittleness).
4. High Density Concrete

High density concrete is prepared using crushed rocks to provide heavy weight concrete mixture. This type of
concrete is commonly used in structures where radiations are needed to be controlled.
5. Precast Concrete
Precast concrete means concrete is prepared then cast on reusable moulds and cured on a factory. Normally
structural components are prepared using precast concrete.
6. Prestressed Concrete
Prestressed concrete is used to prepare structural elements such as floor beams, railway sleepers, piles and etc.
Prestressed concrete element is prepared by applying the determined stress in advance to prevent the stress that
will be applied on the same element by loading. The prestressed concrete withstands the load by the induced
stress in the whole prestressed concrete element.
7. Glass Reinforced Concrete

Glass reinforced concrete is prepared from a concrete matrix which containing strengthened alkali resistant glass
fibres. The composite material performs well to withhold the weight of load. This type of concrete is used in
exterior cladding works.
8. Air-entrained Concrete
Air-entrained concrete is prepared by applying air entraining admixtures to the concrete mixture when it is
prepared. A certain percentage of tiny air bubbles are introduced to the plain concrete as to create chambers for
water to expand into when it freezes. Purposes of air entrained concrete are increasing the

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durability of the hardened concrete during climatic conditions such as freeze thaw and to increase the workability
of concrete in plastic state.
9. Self Compacting Concrete

Self compacting concrete needs a mechanical support to spread the concrete mixture as the Self compacting
concrete is a non-segregating or non flowing concrete mixture. Now-a- days complex structural frames uses this
type of concrete.
10. Smart Concrete

Smart concrete is introduced as the stress or strain can be identified before the concrete structure fails or they help
to heal the cracks as the cracks can be identified at the initial stage.
Different types of Concrete Mix Ratio
 Nominal Concrete Mix Ratios

Previously the specification for concrete was proportion of Cement, Sand and Course Aggregates. The fixed ratio of
these was to ensure the strength to the structure.
 Standard Concrete Mix/Ratio

Concrete mixes are segregated into different grades. It starts from M5 and goes up to M40. M refers to Mix and the
numbers are to signify the strength of Mix N/mm2.
The material proportion for each Grade is different.
M10 = 1:3:6
M15 = 1:2:4
M20 = 1:1.5:3
M25 = 1:1:2
 Designed Concrete Mix/Ratio

The proportion of the material is determined by the concrete mix expert in this method. In design mix the concrete
production is with appropriate properties. In Design mix there is no guide for right mix proportions it follows the
economical method as per the requirement.
It is followed by standard mixes — quantities of dry materials per cubic meter and by plunge. This method may
be used for small construction purpose where the strength is required on 28 day strength 30 N/mm2. Testing for
this grade is not necessary the mix is placed on the bulk ingredients.
Here is the list of different types of concrete mix ratios and their strengths. For Mix proportions First one
= Cement
Second one = Sand
Third one = Coarse Aggregate
Based on the weight of materials the strength is measured with concrete cube.

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How to calculate concrete:

1. Determine how thick you want the concrete
2. Measure the length and width that you’d like to cover
3. Multiply the length by the width to determine square meter
4. Convert the thickness from centimeters to meter
5. Multiply the thickness in meter by the square meter to determine cubic meter

Discuss the difference between earthworks and concrete works.
LESSON WRAP-UP
What is the use and advantage of using concrete?
- Worth enough on investing for a concrete building as the strength of concrete increases with time and
ability to withstand all weather conditions satisfy an investor. As concrete is non-combustible building
material, it provides enough safe for the users. Before the concrete get hardens it can be

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mould into shapes as per owner’s wish. Concrete is good enough in compression. Concrete is a durable and
sustainable building material that exists from the past.

Research on the concrete mixes used in the Philippines. Identify which part of a structure the specific mix ratios are used for.

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Estimating Architectural Materials and Finishes (Part 1) Handouts, and paper, PPT presentation

1. Define and describe the architectural materials to be Architectural Materials for Construction by
included in estimates Harold J. Rosenand, Building Construction
2. Understand and be able to compute for estimates Handbook by Frederick S. Merritt New York:
McGraw- Hill, 1975, Fundamentals of
Introduction
Estimating masonry is important as they serve as walls and enclosure of a space. In the Philippines, CHB’s and plywood
are used as partitions. This lesson will guide you in preparing estimates for the walls of your project. Various samples of
determining the quantity for each architectural finish you will apply and solutions based on illustrations for skill-building
and familiarization will be shown below.
B. MAIN LESSON
Masonry
Concrete hollow blocks are classified as bearing and non-bearing blocks. Load bearing blocks are those whose thickness
range from 15 cm. to 20 cm. and are used to carry load aside from its own weight. Non-bearing blocks on the other hand,
are blocks which are intended for walls, partitions, fences or dividers carrying its own weight whose thickness ranges
from 7.5 cm. to 10 cm.
Estimates on masonry are considered as a minor thing in the construction work which are simply overlooked, but
summing them up for a months work will surprisingly result to a figure beyond expectation after estimate.

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DOORS AND WINDOWS
Estimating the materials for fabrication of door frame is simply determining the size and length of the lumber to suit the
size of door panel whose width varies from .60m to 1.00 meter wide. Door frame bigger than one meter opening is
considered as special design and order.

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Explain the class A, class B, class C, and class D in estimating masonry.

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LESSON WRAP-UP
What is the advantage of using massing in conceptual design?
- Using massing for conceptual design helps a designer expand his/her idea while going through a design
phase to building a model for actual reference. Massing could help in the environmental planning with
respect to the structure or project being designed.

Provide a discussion on how to estimate doors and windows.

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Answer Key
1. FALSE
2. FALSE
3. FALSE
4. TRUE
5. TRUE
6. FALSE
7. TRUE
8. FALSE
9. FALSE
10. FALSE

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Estimating Architectural Materials and Finishes (Part 2) Handouts, and paper, PPT presentation

1. Define and describe the architectural materials to be Architectural Materials for Construction by
included in estimates Harold J. Rosenand, Building Construction
2. Understand and be able to compute for estimates Handbook by Frederick S. Merritt New York:
McGraw- Hill, 1975, Fundamentals of
Introduction
Interior and exterior finishes estimations are very important for the construction of buildings. Painting, stucco, plaster,
specialized coatings estimates are necessary for winning bids and quoting a price to the client for contractors. They
normally demand for bid and material takeoffs for ordering and procuring material.
B. MAIN LESSON
Interior and Exterior Finishes
Accuracy matters a lot when contractors are held responsible for any shortcoming in the estimate, therefore
experience, professionalism and ability along with ensured practices are maintained by the estimation
company. Hence, relying on outsourcing the estimates and cutting down your in-house costs always save
expenditure if and only if accuracy is established and promised.
Metallics, Patinas & chrome, interior & exterior finishes work always costs a lot and waste is always dumped
when excess is ordered and expenses are credited to the contractor so to avoid wastage, accurate takeoff is
required which is only possible when the contractor is provided with exact accurate estimate and pricing.

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THE RANGE OF FINISHES ESTIMATING

 Material Takeoffs
 Flooring Estimates
 Painting Estimates
 Ceiling Estimates
 Drywall Estimates
 Stucco Estimates
 Bid Estimate
 Bid Reviews
 Budget Estimate
 Change Order Estimate
 Project Lead Generation
 Subcontractor Marketing
FLOORING ESTIMATING
As architects, we should provide expert material takeoffs and cost estimates for flooring contractors, flooring installation
companies, carpet mills, architects, designers, and manufacturers. Our highly accurate flooring estimating services are
tailored to minimize waste keeping in mind all the patterns, inlays, and design elements.
With the ability to handle the complex patterns and inlays, we should successfully delivered flooring estimates including
access flooring, stair details, stair nosing, etc for multi use residential buildings, commercial buildings, apartments, hotels,
restaurants, schools, hospitals, arenas, banks, libraries, stores, etc.
Flooring estimate deliverables include:
 Digital flooring takeoff file  Laminate Flooring

 Material spreadsheet  Leather Flooring
 Color-coded plans  Dance Flooring
 Seaming diagrams  Fluid Applied Flooring
 Takeoff summary including total square feet,  Vinyl Composite flooring
seaming & welding linear feet, wall base, stair  Rubber flooring
information, etc.  Wood flooring
 Review of bid documents and addendums  Epoxy flooring
 Broadloom Carpet  Plank Flooring
 Resinous Flooring  Athletic flooring system
 Linoleum  Ceramic Tile
 Stair tread & nosing  Mosaic Tile
 Sealed concrete  Carpet Tiles
 Rubber base  Resilient Tile
 Terrazzo  Cork Flooring

EDUCATION
Name:
Class number:
Section: Schedule:
Date:
PAINTING AND COATING ESTIMATING
Quick and accurate painting estimating services helps to improve construction efficiency, increase bid hit ratio, and profit
potential. The basics of providing painting estimates for residential, commercial, and industrial projects should all be fully
grasped by an architect.
Project completion and staying on budget should root from specifying the amount of interior painting finishes for walls &
ceiling, door/window, spindles, baseboards & chair rails, patching, crown molding, etc, and the amount used for exterior
painting for siding, overhang, soffit, doors/windows, dormer, gables, shutters, guttering, flashing, concrete blocks, etc
Painting estimate deliverables include:
 Takeoff EXCEL spreadsheets  Fire-Retardant Coatings

 Material &Labor costs per SF  Elastomeric Coatings
 Color-coded plans  Special Coatings
 Labor hours  Concrete Coatings
 Bid summary including total cost, overheads,  Stucco Coatings
profit percentage, etc and review of inclusions and  Masonry Coatings
exclusions  Elastomeric Coatings for Wall
 Graffiti-Resistant Coatings  Mold Retardant Coatings
DRYWALL ESTIMATING
Drywall and ceiling are finishes that will determine the slate for a project. From framing, taping, gypsum board
quantifying, all should be in place. Takeoffs should be accurate and help clients not only in quoting marked-up prices to
general contractors but also to their suppliers. Mosaic, tile, acoustical consultants, and athletics floor courts have to work
so much apart from winning jobs and implementing the work at the site.
CEILING ESTIMATING
 Acoustical Ceilings
 Ceiling Suspension Assemblies
 Specialty Ceilings
 Luminous Ceilings
 Suspended Decorative Grids
 Stretched-Fabric Ceiling Systems
 Textured Ceilings
 Tin Ceilings
 Maintenance of Ceilings & Restoration
PLASTER & GYPSUM BOARD ESTIMATING

 Furring & Lathing
 Non-Load-Bearing Wall Framing
 Head-of-wall Framing Systems
 Portland Cement Plaster (Stucco)
 Drywall

EDUCATION
Name:
Class number:
Section: Schedule:
Date:
 Plaster Fabrications
 Venetian & Other Lime Plasters
 Gypsum Board
 Gypsum Wallboard
 Glass Tiles & Mosaics
 Acoustical Plaster
 Mosaic Tiles
 Specialty Tiles
 Terracotta Tiles
THE MANUAL WAY CALCULATION OF PAINT
If you want to check your paint calculations, you can use the manual way, using the mano-mano formula:
((height x width) / coverage)) x number of coats
Sample Calculation of a Wall

Let’s say your ceiling height is 5 meters and the width of the wall is 10 meters. if you want to use Permacoat Latex to
paint your concrete wall, you will see from the product description that the product coverage is 25 square meters.
Assume further that you will paint 2 coats.
((5 meters x 10 meters) / 25 square meters)) x 2 coats

= (50 / 25) gallons x 2 coats
= 2 gallons x 2 coats
= 4 gallons
This means that for one coat, you would need 2 gallons/coat. But if you want to make two coats, then you would be
needing 4 gallons for the whole DIY project.
Since 1 gallon = 4 liters, you will be needing 16 liters to complete your project,
4 gallons x 4 liters = 16 liters
The paint packaging available are 1-liter, 4-liter and 16-liter cans. It is best to buy all the paint you need for a room before
you start your DIY project. This is to make sure that the paint color is consistent for the whole area you’re working on!

Enumerate at least three (3) types of floor finishes and define their properties.

EDUCATION
Name:
Class number:
Section: Schedule:
Date:
LESSON WRAP-UP
What is the advantage of using massing in conceptual design?
- Using massing for conceptual design helps a designer expand his/her idea while going through a design
phase to building a model for actual reference. Massing could help in the environmental planning with
respect to the structure or project being designed.

Discuss briefly why we need to estimate finishing materials and specify the correct finishes.

EDUCATION

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ARC 041: Building Technology 04

Module #5 Student Activity Sheet

Lesson title: Estimating Civil Works Materials:

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Rebar cost – an example of calculation

Structural Steel Works

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The Estimating Procedure

 Prepare your takeoff by grouping the steel by its grade.

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Name: Vince C. Babate

Thinking about Learning

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Lesson title: Materials:

Learning Targets: References:

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 Pre-bid investigation  Estimating forms and formats

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Excavation and Backfilling of Soil

Materials and Tools Used for Excavation

Drawings required for excavation

Scope of Work for Excavation and Backfilling of Soil

Working Procedure for Soil Excavation

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Earthwork in Excavation by using hydraulic Excavator

Backfilling and Removal of Excess Soil

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Calculating Volumes of Excavation and Backfill for Trenches

 Trenches are measured using the following formula:

– Backfill volume = excavation volume – footing volume – wall volume

 Basement volume = average length x average width x average depth

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Grid Method of Calculating Cut and Fill Quantities

Cut volumes are calculated separately from fill volumes:

Rules of Measurement for Excavation and Backfill

These are some of the rules of measurement:

Check for Understanding

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Why is it important to prepare the site prior construction?

Thinking about Learning

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Lesson title: Materials:

Learning Targets: References:

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4. High Density Concrete

7. Glass Reinforced Concrete

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9. Self Compacting Concrete

10. Smart Concrete

Different types of Concrete Mix Ratio

 Nominal Concrete Mix Ratios

 Standard Concrete Mix/Ratio

 Designed Concrete Mix/Ratio

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How to calculate concrete:

Check for Understanding

What is the use and advantage of using concrete?

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Thinking about Learning