Phys102-04 Berkay Özer Project Proposal (Revised)

NAME: Berkay ÖZER
STUDENT ID: 22202119

Course Code: PHYS102 Section: 04
DEPARTMENT: Electrical & Electrical Engineering
Date: 31.03.2024
TITLE: THE MEASUREMENT OF EARTH’S MAGNETIC FIELD

Description of The Experiment
Introduction
I want to build a “tangential Galvanometer” because our lab does not have one. Then,
I’ll be using a voltage supply to create a magnetic field and using it I’ll be calculating the
angle between the two fields namely coil’s magnetic field and Earth’s magnetic field. The aim
is to find Earth’s magnetic field.
Firstly, we should talk about the tangential galvanometer. This is an equipment made
of a coil, compass and a quadrant. The compass will be in the center of coil, and it’ll be
affected of the coil’s magnetic field. This way, by measuring the deflection of the compass’
needle the magnetic field of the earth will be found.
Equipment:
For the Tangential Galvanometer:
• Compass
• Coil
• Plastic surface (to combine the other objects)
• A quadrant (To be able to measure the angle)
For the rest of the setup:
• Voltage Supply
• Resistor
• Multimeter
• Cables
Theory:
The north pole of a compass’ needle points toward the south pole of a magnet, which
is how today’s magnetic field is oriented from inside Earth. It also points toward Earth’s
geographic North pole because the North Pole is near the magnetic south pole. (Ling et
al.,11.1,n.d)
Also, we can measure Earth’s magnetic field by using other techniques. NOAA uses
World Magnetic Model which is highly accurate. At the end of our experiment, we will
compare our results with this model. (Center, NCEI geomagnetic calculators,30.03.2024)
Since magnetic field is in vector form, we can use vector properties to calculate
Earth’s magnetic field. We can apply a known magnetic field by using a coil and then use the
angle between these two vectors. We know the coil’s magnetic field and we know the angle
therefore we can calculate Earth’s magnetic field as well. (Ling et al.,11.2)
Related formulas for the calculations are given below:
⃗ 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝐵𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑥̂ + 𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑦̂

𝐵 (1)
𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 𝐵𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ tan⁡(𝜃) (2)
𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 𝑁𝜇2𝑎0𝐼 (3)
Where 𝜇0 = 4𝜋 ∗ 10−7 T m/A and N is the number of turns of the coil, a is the radius of the
coil and I is the carrying current.
𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝐵𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝐵𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ
Figure 1: The Force Diagram of Magnetic Fields
Above the force diagram is given for a better understanding of the magnetic fields. And below
a diagram for the circuit of the experiment is given.
Figure 2: The Schematics of The Circuit (Amperemeter is represented by a diode)
The Procedure
1. First, I’ll be constructing a tangential galvanometer by using a coil (from the lab) and
combine a compass. Thus, we will have a tangential galvanometer.
2. Then I’ll be increasing the magnetic field of the coil and keeping track of both the
angle between the fields and the magnitude of coil’s magnetic field.
3. I will be making a graph of tangent of the angle and magnetic field of the coil; the
tangent of the graph will give the magnetic field of Earth’s.
4. Then I will be comparing the value of Earth’s magnetic field with the magnetic field
that is measured from the NOAA (National Centers for Environmental Information)
site.
References
Center, N. G. D. (n.d.). NCEI geomagnetic calculators. NCEI Geomagnetic Calculators.

https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/geomag/calculators/magcalc.shtml, 30 March 2024
Ling, S. J., Moebs, W., & Sanny, J. (n.d.). 11.1 magnetism and its historical discoveries -
university physics volume 2. OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-
volume-2/pages/11-1-magnetism-and-its-historical-discoveries, 17 March 2024.
Ling, S. J., Moebs, W., & Sanny, J. (n.d.). 11.1 magnetic fields and lines - university physics
volume 2. OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-2/pages/11-
2-magnetic-fields-and-lines , 17 March 2024.

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Phys102-04 Berkay Özer Project Proposal (Revised)

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NAME: Berkay ÖZER

STUDENT ID: 22202119

TITLE: THE MEASUREMENT OF EARTH’S MAGNETIC FIELD

⃗ 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝐵𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑥̂ + 𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑦̂

Center, N. G. D. (n.d.). NCEI geomagnetic calculators. NCEI Geomagnetic Calculators.

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