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    History 1

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    History 1

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    HISTORY 1 (1)

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    History 1

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    EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ESWATINI

    Eswatini General Certificate of Secondary Education

    HISTORY 6891/01
    Paper 1 International Relations and Depth Study October/November 2020
     2 hours 30 minutes
    Additional Materials: Answer Booklet/Paper

    READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

    If you have been given an Answer Booklet, follow the instructions on the front cover of the Booklet.
    Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on all the work you hand in.
    Write in dark blue or black pen.

    Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

    This paper has two sections.

    Answer two questions from Section A (International Relations, 1919-c. 1989). Answer all parts of the
    questions you choose.

    Answer all questions in Section B (Depth Study).

    At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
    The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

    This document consists of 5 printed pages and 3 blank pages.

    © ECESWA 2020 6891/01/O/N/2020 [Turn over


    2

    Section A: International Relations, 1919-c. 1989

    Answer two questions.

    1 (a) Describe any three territorial terms of the Treaty of Versailles. [5]

    (b) Explain any two reasons why the ‘war guilt clause’ was imposed on Germany. [7]

    (c) ‘Making Germany pay the reparations was fair.’

    How far do you agree with the statement? Explain your answer. [8]

    2 (a) Describe any three agreements of the Locarno Treaties of 1925. [5]

    (b) Explain any two reasons why the League of Nations failed to achieve disarmament. [7]

    (c) ‘The fact that Italy was a major power was the main reason for the League’s failure to stop
    the Italian invasion of Abyssinian.’

    How far do you agree with the statement? Explain your answer. [8]

    3 (a) Describe any three things on the events in the Saar in 1935. [5]

    (b) Explain any two reasons why Britain and France allowed the remilitarisation of the
    Rhineland. [7]

    (c) ‘Hitler’s foreign policies were the main reason for the outbreak of war in 1939.’

    How far do you agree with the statement? Explain your answer. [8]

    4 (a) Describe any three things about America’s relationship with Cuba from 1959 to 1961. [5]

    (b) Explain any two reasons why the USA was worried about Soviet missiles in Cuba. [7]

    (c) ‘Khrushchev won the Cuban Missile Crisis.’

    How far do you agree with the statement? Explain your answer. [8]

    © ECESWA 2020 6891/01/O/N/2020


    3

    Section B: Depth Study

    Answer all questions.

    The USSR, 1905-1941

    Study the sources carefully and then answer questions (a) to (d).

    Source A

    Week by week food became scarcer. One had to queue for long hours in the rain. Think of the poorly
    dressed people standing on the streets of Petrograd for whole days in the Russian winter! I have listened
    in the bread-lines, hearing the bitter discontent which from time to time burst through the miraculous
    good nature of the Russian crowd.

    A speech by an American writer who lived in Petrograd in 1917.

    Source B

    The decision taken to continue the war and to launch a large offensive backfired. As the summer
    offensive of 1917 faltered and conditions at home didn’t improve, food remained scarce and what food
    there was proved to be too expensive for many. Soldiers and sailors took to the streets of Petrograd in
    July 1917 and they were soon joined by workers in the factories. Riots occurred on 16 and 17 July.

    From a history book published in 2013.

    Source C

    The Bolsheviks were a disciplined party dedicated to the revolution, even though not all the Bolshevik
    leaders believed this was the right way to change Russia. The Bolsheviks had some 800,000 members,
    and their supporters were also in the right places. At least half the army supported them, as did the
    sailors at the important naval base at Kronstadt near Petrograd.

    From a history book published in 2001.

    © ECESWA 2020 6891/01/O/N/2020 [Turn over


    4

    Source D

    Peace! Bread! Land!


    Lenin’s slogan from the April Theses published in 1917.

    Source E

    To call at present for an armed uprising means to risk the future of our party and the revolution. A
    majority of workers and a large part of the army is for us. But all the rest are not. We are convinced that
    the majority of peasants will vote for the Socialist Revolutionaries. If we take power now and are forced
    to fight a revolutionary war, the mass of soldiers will not support us.

    A letter from leading Bolsheviks to the Bolshevik Party, October 1917.

    © ECESWA 2020 6891/01/O/N/2020


    5

    Now answer questions (a) to (d). Make sure you use the sources and your knowledge when answering
    these questions.

    (a) Study Source A.

    What is the message of this Source? Explain your answer using the source. [6]

    (b) Study Sources B and C.

    How far do these sources agree? Explain your answer using the sources. [9]

    (c) Study Source D.

    How useful is this source to a historian studying events in the USSR in 1917? Explain your
    answer using the source and your own knowledge. [8]

    (d) Study all the sources.

    ‘The collapse of the Provisional Government was due to the growing power of the Bolsheviks.’

    How far do these sources agree with this statement? Explain your answer using the sources. [12]

    © ECESWA 2020 6891/01/O/N/2020


    6

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    © ECESWA 2020 6891/01/O/N/2020


    7

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    © ECESWA 2020 6891/01/O/N/2020


    8

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    Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
    reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (ECESWA) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included,
    the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

    © ECESWA 2020 6891/01/O/N/2020

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