REVISION

I. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences

1. Signs and symptoms of a broken bone may include swelling, bruising, pain and tenderness, ______
and inability to move.
A. deformity B. stomachache C. mobility D. union
2. After fracture reduction, ______devices may be used to provide stability and maintain the alignment
of bone fragments during the healing process.
A. fixation B. mobilization C. repositioning D. preventing
3. The part of the body under the arm where it joins the shoulder is known as ______ or armpit.
A. patella B. carpus C. coxa D. axilla
4. The most common cause of ______ is overproduction of thyroid hormone by the entire thyroid gland,
which is known as Graves’ disease.
A. hypothyroidism B. hyperthyroidism C. prolactinoma D. pancreatic cancer
5. ______ is a condition that causes a temporary weakness or paralysis of the muscles in the face.
A. Epilepsy B. Bell’s palsy C. Spinal cord tumour D. Parkinson's disease
6. The contraceptive ______ slowly releases a progestogen hormone called etonogestrel into the blood
stream and can prevent pregnancy for up to 3 years.
A. condom B. spermicide C. implant D. vasectomy
7. A ____ deals with only one type of patient or illness.
A. central hospital B. public hospital C. local hospital D. specialty hospital
8. Some examples of barrier methods of birth control include condoms, cervical cap and ______.
A. oral pills B. IUD C. diaphragm D. vasectomy
9. A ______ is done before donating blood or having a blood transfusion, to check what your blood
group is.
A. blood gases test B. blood type test C. coagulation test D. FBC
10. The brain and spinal cord are masses of tissue which are protected by ______ and cushioned by
cerebrospinal fluid.
A. skull B. meninges C. spine D. cranium
II. Identify the mistake in each sentence.
11. ** Having recovered from the illness after two-week treatment, he was discharged from home.
12. *** The doctors and nurses who run orthopedic deal with everything from setting bone fractures
to carrying out surgery to correct problems such as torn ligaments and hip replacements. (s)
13. ** Internal medicine is the medical specialty dealing with the prevent, diagnosis, and treatment of
internal diseases.
14. * Pain in the toes or wrist can result from an elbow sprain. (hands)
15. ** We are always looking for recipients with type O, because everyone’s blood is compatible with
type O. (donors)
16. * Which blood group you belong to depends on the antigens and antibiotics in your blood.
(antibodies)
17. ** There are 12 pairs of ribs that together with the clavicle form the ribcage of the thoracic region.
(sternum)
18. ** Neurons, also called nerves, can transmit information by both electrical and chemical signalling.
(nerve cells)
19. ** Men's testis are located in a pouch that hangs suspended outside the body. (testes)
20. ** Obesity develops when the pancreas doesn’t make enough of a hormone called insulin, or
insulin doesn’t work as it should.
III. Put the lines back into the gaps to make a complete the text.
A) the nervous system integrates
B) central nervous system
C) peripheral nervous system
D) external temperature
E) include an extensive network
F) the beginning of the process
Nervous system
The brain and spinal cord form the (21)_____, which works to process and send nerve signals, interpret
information, and produce conscious thought.
The portion of nervous system that communicates with the central nervous system is called the
peripheral nervous system. Overall, the peripheral and central nervous systems also (22)_____of
neurons. Located throughout the body, these fibrous bundles send information about sensation,
temperature, and pain.
The nervous system helps the body regulate every function, including every other organ system. For
instance, the stomach releases the hormone ghrelin, which signals to the brain that it is time to eat. This
causes feelings of hunger and encourages a person to eat, which leads to (23)______of digestion.
(24)_____with virtually every other part of the body. For example, nerve fibers in the hand tell the brain
when there is an injury in that area. Meanwhile, nerves in the skin relay information about (25)_____.
This may cause the brain to initiate involuntary responses that control body temperature, such as
sweating or shivering.
Also, other nerves interact with muscle, which helps coordinate movement.
1-B 2- E 3-F 4-A 5-D
IV. Read the article and choose the correct answer.
The skeletal system

Our skeleton is what gives us our shape, it is located inside of our

body tissues. Our bones are one the hardest substances found in
our body, second only to our teeth enamel. Our bones are living
tissues made of cells and are mostly made up of calcium phosphate
and collagen, our bones come in many shapes and sizes. The hardest
part of our bones is on the outer layer which is called compact bone.
Inside our bones are a softer, fatty tissues called the bone marrow.
Our skeletal system is grouped by the axial and the appendicular
skeletons. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebrae, ribs and sternum. The appendicular skeleton
consists of our limbs (arms/legs) and all of their attachments (fingers/toes). We have 206 bones in our
body that are all classified by their unique shape, with the major classifications being: long, short, flat or
irregular. Where two of our bones connect, there are movable joints which allow for various movements
like twisting and turning. Two major important functions of our bones are support and protection. Our
bones provide a framework for our tissues and our organs to attach to while shielding our organs in a
protective way. Another very important function of our skeletal system is movement. Our bones and
muscles work together to move parts of our body. All of our body movements involve the skeletal system
and our muscles. Our muscles rely on the structure of our bones they attach to in order to allow for
movement. Think of your bones as levers. Our legs wouldn’t be able to move if they weren’t attached to
bones. Another important function of our bones is to produce blood cells, which are formed inside our
bones in a setion called bone marrow. The bone marrow is found within the tissues of our bones. Our
bones contain many minerals which help to keep us strong. Broken and fractured bones can regenerate
and heal themselves. Our bones, muscles and joints all work together to make it possible for the hundres
of movements we make everyday. The entire system of bones couldn’t function without the help of our
muscles and joints which is then referred to as the musculoskeletal system.
Questions
26. Which of the following would be classified as in the appendicular skeleton?
A. ribs B. Fibula C. Sternum D. skull
27. What is in the center of our bones?
A. Cortical Bone B. Trabecular Bone C. Concellous Bone D. Bone Marrow
28. What tough tissue grows over a broken bone during the healing process?
A. Collagen B. Yellow Bone Marrow C. Minerals D. Red Bone Marrow
29. The following parts are included in the axial skeleton system, EXCEPT for:
A. cranium B. vertebrae C. sternum D. phalanges
30. What are the functions of bones in the skeletal system?
A. Support and protection human organs and tissues.
B. Support, movement and production of blood cells.
C. Provide shape, support the body, protection human organs, store site for minerals and production of
blood cells.
D. Serve as a storage site for minerals and provide the mdium-marrow-for the development and storage
of blood cells.
V. Choose the best item to fill in the gaps.
Respiratory symptoms
Viruses, bacteria, and toxins most often enter the body through the nose or mouth. Most
(31)_____ symptoms, such as post-nasal drip, coughing and sneezing are the result of sinus infection,
bronchitis, rhinitis, the common cold, or influenza (flu). Left untreated, respiratory symptoms can
develop into inflammation and congestion of the airways, nose, throat, (32)_____ , and bronchi.
The immune system mobilizes to respond to those disease – causing agents in an attempt to fight
them by trying to expel, immobilize, or destroy them. (33)_____ is one of the body’s defense
mechanisms used to kill viruses and other ferms, Its is a natural repsonse to infection and (34)_____
always be treated with fever - reducing medication. (However, if a fever is prolonged, particularly in very
small chilren, medication is neccesary to prevent such adverse effects as swelling in the joints and pain).
The best method of protection agaisnt respiratory illness is to (35)_____ your hands frequently.
31. A. respiratory B. circulatory C. immune D. excretory
32. A. larynx B. esophagus C. trachea D. lungs
33. A. Rash B. Fever C. Hypertension D. Hypothermia
34. A. should B. may C. should not D. can
35. A. clean B. disinfect C. sterilize D. wash