ASHGAL PWD INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

What it is HSE Plan?

HSE Plan is a written live document that describes the process for identifying workplace hazards and risks
that could harm workers and procedures to prevent accidents, and steps to take when accidents occur.

What is the content of HSE Plan?

1. Introduction
2. Roles and Responsibilities
3. Project Management
4. Inspection, Monitoring & Audits
5. Management Review
6. Fire, Emergency & Medical requirements
7. Procedures
8. Health and Safety Files
9. References
10. Appendices.

Aim of the Occupational Health & Safety Plan:

The aim of HSE Plan is to prevent accidents, injuries and illness resulting from all foreseeable workplace
hazards and risks and to respond rapidly and appropriately when these occur.
Note: Important Points to Remember
1. The HSE plan is a live document and changes as the project evolves.
2. HSE plans must be specific to the working area/project.
3. The HSE plan must be approved by the responsible person usually a project manager, director or
company owner.
4. The HSE plan must be made freely available to all employees.
5. Every time a change is made to the HSE plan, the document owner needs to approve it again. Remember
to communicate these changes to the employees.

What is the Objectives HSE Plan?

The objectives of HSE Plan are:
• To ensure awareness of all potential workplace hazards and to develop preventive strategies to
minimize/eliminate the risks.
• To develop a collaborative approach to managing Health and Safety within the organization
• To provide and maintain safe working procedures and operations
• To provide appropriate training to all staff to enable employees to work safely and effectively.
• To maintain a continuing interest in the improvement of occupational health and safety performance,
providing the resources necessary for the implementation of the HSE Plan.
What is health and safety program?
A health and safety program is an organized, written action plan to identify and control hazards, define safety
responsibilities and respond to emergencies that result in the prevention of accidents and occupational
diseases. Health and safety programs are aimed at ensuring workers are protected, risks are minimized, and
a healthy and safe workplace is maintained. The objective of a HS program is to integrate health & safety
into all work practices and conditions. The primary objective of workplace safety programs should be to help
prevent workplace injuries, illnesses and fatalities. Employers develop detailed plans that provide guidance in
the event of an accident, fire, natural disaster or other emergency. All employers must establish some form of
health and safety program at the workplace. The type of program you need depends on the number of
workers you have and the risks associated with their work.

What are safety program samples?

A health and safety program is a definite plan of action designed to prevent accidents, occupational illness
and to promote positive safety culture in among workforces and within an organization. Some form of a
program is required under occupational health and safety legislation in most Canadian jurisdictions. A health
and safety program must include the elements required by the health and safety legislation as a minimum.

How do you develop a health and safety program?

Developing a health & safety program.
1. Create health and safety policy.
2. Conduct regular inspections.
3. Develop written safe work procedures.
4. Orient new and young workers.
5. Educate and train the employees.
6. Hold regular health and safety meetings.
7. Report and investigate incidents.
8. Maintain health & safety records and statistics.

What an effective health and safety program looks like?

An effective HS program will:
• Identify and control hazards in the workplace.
• Help prevent injuries and disease.
• Limit an organization's financial losses resulting from injuries and disease.
• Promote a positive health and safety culture.
• Outline the importance of, and provide guidance on, health and safety processes such as workplace
inspections, investigations, safe work procedures, management meetings for health and safety, joint
health and safety committee requirements, and the tracking and trending of OHS records and statistics.
• Include sub-programs focused on health and safety issues pertinent to your site. For example, your site
may have a specific lockout program, a fall protection program, or a confined space entry program.

What is HSE Action Plan?

Health and Safety Action Plan is based on the Health and Safety Executive’s (HSE) model, outlining a plan
of activities to ensure good awareness of all risks within the workplace and strategies to prevent injury,
illness and accidents resulting from these risks. Strategies include monitoring and reviewing systems, strong
channels of communication and robust governance arrangements as outlined in the Corporate Health and
Safety Policy. Management must consider its employees as its most valuable assets and commit to
maintaining the health and safety of all employees as a priority for the organization. This commitment to
health and safety must ne extended to others that may be affected by the organization’s undertakings,
including members of the public on workplace premises.

What is the purpose of management review systems/process?

The purpose of a Management Review meeting is to review and evaluate the effectiveness of organization
management system, helping the organization to determine its continued suitability and adequacy. In another
vein, is to review the performance of the management systems, and their continuing suitability, adequacy
and effectiveness.
Focusing on the key words, the various standards available note the review should check that the system is:
• Suitable, in terms of whether the system is appropriate to the organization, its operations, culture and risk
profile
• Adequate, in terms of addressing the organization’s policy and objectives and is therefore appropriate
and sufficient
• Effective, in terms of whether the system is achieving the desired outcomes or results.

What are the reasons for reviewing health and safety management system?
The reasons for reviewing HSMS are:
• To identify substandard in health and safety practices and conditions of the organization;
• To identify trends in relation to different types of incident, or incidents in general by analysis of relevant
incident data;
• To compare actual performance with previously set targets;
• To “benchmark” the organization’s performance against that of similar organizations or an industry norm;
• To identify whether control measures are in use, to assess their effectiveness and to be able to make
decisions on appropriate remedial measures for any deficiencies identified;
• To identify any new or changed risks;
• To assess compliance with legal requirements and accepted national/international standards;
• To be able to provide a Board of Directors or safety committee with relevant information;
• To boost morale and motivate the workforce;
• Ultimately because monitoring and review is a vital component of any safety management system
• It is essential if the system is externally accredited and audited by a specific body.
• To keep it aligned with reviews and changes of business goals.

If participate in the management review meeting, what are the topic discussed?
A Management Review should cover the following topics: Discussion on the status of any issues from the
previous meeting. Changes to external and internal issues that affect the Management System. Examination
of the performance of the Management System.

Why it is important for an organization to set health and safety targets.

Importance of setting targets in terms of health and safety performance in order:
• To give evidence of management commitment;
• To motivate staff by providing them with something tangible to aim for;
• The important part they can play in facilitating the measurement and review of performance and for
benchmarking against other like organizations.

What are the health and safety targets that an organization could set?
Targets that an organization could set include:
• A reduction in the number of accidents and defined incidents;
• An improvement in the reporting of near-miss incidents or minor accidents and inspection and audit
scores;
• A reduction in actions taken by the enforcement authorities and in the number of civil claims;
• A reduction in sickness absence and absenteeism;
• An improvement in the outcome of benchmarking of performance against like organizations;
• A reduction in insurance costs;
• An increase in the degree of worker involvement and additionally in the number of workers trained in
health and safety.

What is health and safety management system?

An HSMS is a coordinated and systematic approach to managing health and safety risks. HSMSs help
organizations to continually improve their safety performance and compliance to health and safety legislation
and standards.

What are the objectives of safety management?

The objective of a Safety Management System is to provide a structured management approach to control
safety risks in operations. Effective safety management must take into account the organization’s specific
structures and processes related to safety of operations.
`
What are the three main reasons why a health and safety management system is important?
Legal, Moral & Financial: Managing health and safety at some point in our career we will all have heard that
the three key reasons for managing health and safety in our organization are: legal, moral and financial.
What are the benefits of a health and safety management system?
The benefits of a health and Safety Management System include: Increased compliance,
higher productivity, more profits, protecting your staff, increasing employee satisfaction, generating
positive PR for your business, lowering your insurance premiums, and obtaining finance more
easily.

What are the HSMS elements?

Health and safety management systems have six elements:
• Health and safety plan
• Policies, procedures and processes.
• Training and induction.
• Monitoring.
• Supervision.
• Reporting.

What does management review agenda contains?

An effective management review process agenda should focus on the following inputs:
• Review of policies and procedures
• Suitability of set objectives, targets and performance indicators
• Effectiveness of monitoring and audits is assessing compliance.
• Results of internal/external audits;
• Risks and opportunities;
• Customer satisfaction surveys;
• Non-compliances and complaints :
• Performance indicators ;
• Status of actions taken since the last review;
• Analysis of possible changes;
• Suggestions for improvement.

OR
According to ISO 45001, this will be based around the elements of the management system and will include:
• the status of actions from previous management reviews
• changes in external and internal issues including stakeholder expectations, legal requirements and
risks
• the extent to which policy and objectives have been met
• performance data on incidents, non-conformities, audits, compliance and worker participation
• resource adequacy to maintain the system (financial, personnel and material)
• communication with stakeholders
• opportunities for continual improvement and risk management.
 OR
1. Risks and opportunities (Clause 6.1)
2. Possible changes that might affect the system (Clause 6.3)
3. External provider and suppliers performance (Clause 8.4)
4. Customer satisfaction and perception (Clause 9.1.2)
5. Audit results (Clause 9.2)
6. Non-conformity and corrective actions (Clause 10.2)

Who are the people that must conduct management review?

Although this is called the “management review” and top management should be involved. It’s important to
include top management in this annual management review process because it’s top management that has
the authority to make necessary decision about actions, resources, and resource allocation. It’s also true that
OHSMS leaders, process owners, and employees (and/or their representatives) should be involved as well.

What are the circumstances that may require a health and safety policy to be reviewed?
The circumstances that may require a health and safety policy to be reviewed are when:

• Significant changes in the structure of the organization and/or a change of premises;

• After the introduction of new or changed processes or work methods;
• Following changes in key personnel;
• Following changes in legislation;
• Where audits, risk assessments, monitoring exercises or accident investigations show that the policy is
no longer effective or relevant;
• As a result of consultation with the workforce;
• Following enforcement action and after a sufficient period of time has elapsed since the previous review
to suggest that another one is due.

What are the objectives of the health and safety policy?

To maintain a safe, healthy workplace & safe access and egress from it. To formulate effective procedures in
case of fire and other emergencies and for evacuating/locking down the Academy premises as necessary.
To lay down procedures to be followed in the case of accident.

Mention the purpose of three main sections of an organization’s health and safety policy?

• Statement of intent – which both demonstrates management’s commitment to health and safety and
sets goals and objectives for the organization,
• Organization – the purpose of which is to allocate health and safety responsibilities within the company
and to ensure effective delegating and reporting and finally,
• Arrangements – section which sets out in detail the systems and procedures that show how the policy is
to be implemented.

Give reasons why the health and safety policy should be signed by the most senior person
in an organization, such as Managing Director or Chief Executive Officer?
• Signature of the most senior person in the organization would demonstrate management commitment;
• Give authority to the policy or that the person concerned ultimately had responsibility for health and
safety in the organization.

What are the various methods for communicating the contents of a health and safety policy
to a workforce?

Methods Include:
• Giving employees their own personal copy of the policy or a summary of it;
• Displaying the policy on noticeboards;

• Explaining the content of the policy at team briefings or tool-box talks and during induction or refresher
training courses;
• Referring to the policy in internal newsletters, booklets, emails and intranet communications;

• Making the policy an agenda item at meetings of the health and safety committee.

What the issues that is typically included in the arrangements section of health & safety?

These included:
• Systems of work;
• Health and safety training;
• Provision of protective equipment;
• Specific types of hazard (e.g. machinery, hazardous substances, manual handling, fire, etc.);
• Control of contractors;
• Safety of visitors;
• Accident reporting and investigation procedures; first-aid facilities;
• Emergency procedures;
• Employee consultation;

What is the action plan to ensure no LTI in the project?

The followings are the action plan to put in place to ensure zero LTI in the project:
Commitment: Commitment is a key driver for any long-term and sustainable improvements in organizational
health and safety. There must be genuine commitment of senior management towards health and safety.
Communication: Management commitment needs to be communicated to the entire workforce in order to
impact the safety behaviours of the entire organization. Asides, successful communication needs to ensure
that relevant information is transferred to respective organizational levels.
Culture: In an organization with a successful safety culture, managers are observed to be better at creating
an open atmosphere for communication on safety grounds and ensuring everyone has the information they
need on safety. Positive safety cultures empower workers to take part in discussions and decisions regarding
issues of safety.
Learning: Both the adequate education and training of managers and workers are needed in order to ensure
their safety competencies, as well as collective learning from experiences, planned safety actions, incidents
and accidents, as well as from unforeseen situations and events.

How to prepare Risk Assessment

Preparation for risk assessment has five steps, they are:

Step 1: Identify the hazards- This involve walking around and inside the workplace and look at what could
reasonably be expected to cause harm.
Step 2: Decide who might be harmed and how- For each hazard management need to be clear about who
might be harmed; it will help management to identify the best way of managing the risk.

Step 3: Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions- Having spotted the hazards, it is important to
decide what to do about them. The law requires employer to do everything ‘reasonably practicable’ to protect
people from harm. Employer can work this out for himself, but the easiest way is to compare what you are
doing with good practice. First, look at what you’re already doing, think about what controls you have in place
and how it is organized. Then compare this with the good practice and see if there’s more you should be
doing to bring yourself up to standard.

Step 4: Record your findings and implement them- Writing down the results of your risk assessment, and
sharing them, encourages you to do this. When writing down your results, keep it simple, for example
‘tripping over rubbish: bins provided, staff instructed, and weekly housekeeping checks’.

Step 5: Review your risk assessment and update- Look at your risk assessment and think about whether
there have been any changes? Are there improvements you still need to make? Have other people spotted a
problem? Have you learnt anything from accidents or near misses? Make sure your risk assessment stays
up to date.

What are the general root causes of accident in the workplace?

The simple model shown in Figure 1 attempts to illustrate that the causes of any incident can be grouped into
five categories - task, material, environment, personnel, and management. When this model is used,
possible causes in each category should be investigated. Each category is examined more closely below.
Remember that these are sample questions only: no attempt has been made to develop a comprehensive
checklist.
Figure 1: Incident Categories

What is restricted work case (RWC)?

Restricted Work Case is when a person is so injured that they cannot perform their normal duties. Therefore
they are transferred, temporarily to some other jobs (light duties). In another vein, Restricted Work Case
(RWC) Any work-related injury other than a fatality or a Lost Time Injury where the injured person cannot
fulfill his normal work the day following the injury but does not result in days away from work. Restricted Work
Case (RWC) occurs when an employee cannot perform all of the routine job functions, but does not result in
days away from work. RWC occurs when, as a consequence of a work-related injury or illness:
o The employee is temporarily assigned to another job;
o The employee cannot perform all of his routine job functions for all or part of his work shift;
o The employee works his regularly assigned job but cannot work the full shift/tour.
o Restricted or light duty the day of the injury or illness does not make the incident a recordable
Restricted Work / Transfer Case (RWTC). If the employee continues under restricted duty the day after the
incident, the case becomes a recordable Restricted Work/Transfer Case (RWTC).
Should an employee experience minor musculoskeletal discomfort such as muscle pains or strains, a
physician or licensed health care professional determines that the employee is fully able to perform all of his
routine job functions, and the employer assigns work restriction to that employee or restricts the employee’s
job functions, for purpose of preventing a more serious condition from developing, the case is not recordable
as a restricted work case.

How do you decide if the case involved restricted work?

Restricted work activity occurs when, as the result of a work-related injury or illness, an employer or health
care professional keeps, or recommends keeping, an employee from doing the routine functions of his or her
job or from working the full workday that the employee would have been scheduled to work before the injury
or illness occurred.
How do you count the number of days of restricted work activity or the number of days away
from work?
Count the number of calendar days the employee was on restricted work activity or was away from work as a
result of the recordable injury or illness. Do not count the days on which the injury or illness occurred in this
number. Begin counting days from the day after the incident occurs. If a single injury or illness involved both
days away from and days of restricted work activity, enter the total number of days for each. You may stop
counting days of restricted work activity or days away from work once the total of either or the combination of
both reaches 180 days.

What is medical treatment?

A medical treatment injury (MTI) is defined as an injury or disease that resulted in a certain level
of treatment (not first aid treatment) given by a physician or other medical personnel under standing orders of
a physician. Medical treatment includes managing and caring for a patient for the purpose of combating
disease or disorder.

What is first aid?

First aid refers to medical attention that is usually administered immediately after the injury occurs and at the
location where it occurred. If the incident required only the following types of treatment, if it involves only: •
Cleaning, flushing, or soaking wounds on the skin surface • Using wound covering, such as bandages, band -
aids, gauze pads, etc., • Using hot or cold therapy ider it first aid • Drinking fluids to relieve heat stress.

What are the 4 P's of first aid?

1. To preserve life 2.To prevents deterioration. 3. To promote recovery. 4. To protect the unconscious.

What is action Plan for incident investigation all about?

When determining how to avoid future accidents, it’s all too easy to focus on preventing direct causes.
Rather, your corrective actions should also consider root causes that fully eliminate the problem.
Here are the root causes for the failure to warn: Mental stress: Working double shifts, the mechanic had
more work than he could handle. Lack of skill: The forklift driver did not have adequate training. Inadequate
motivation: The priority of things to be done was confusing to the mechanic because he had so much to do.
1. Taking Shortcuts: Every day we make decisions we hope will make the job faster and more efficient. Do
time savers ever risk your own safety or that of other team members? Short cuts that reduce your safety
on the job are not shortcuts. Shortcuts are increased chances for accidents and injuries.

2. Being Over-confident: Confidence is a good thing. Overconfidence is too much of a good thing. "It'll never
happen to me" is an attitude that can lead to improper procedures, tools, or methods in your work, any of
which can lead to accident and injury.

3. Starting a Task with Incomplete Instructions: To do the job safely and correctly the first time, you need
complete information. Have you ever been sent to do a job, having been given only a part of the job's
 instructions? Don't be shy about asking for explanations about work procedures and safety precautions. It
isn't dumb to ask questions; it's dumb not to ask.

4. Poor Housekeeping: When clients, managers or safety professionals walk through your work site,
housekeeping is an accurate indicator of attitudes about quality and safety. Poor housekeeping creates
hazards of all types. Good housekeeping embodies both pride and safety. A well-maintained work area
also sets a standard for others to follow.

5. Ignoring Safety Procedures: Purposely failing to observe safety procedures can endanger you and your
co-workers. You are compensated to do your job while following established safety policies, not to make
your own policies and rules. Being "casual" about safety can lead to a casualty!

6. Mental Distractions from Work: Having a bad day at home and worrying about it at work is a hazardous
combination. Dropping your 'mental' guard can pull your focus away from safe work procedures. Don't
become a statistic because your mind is not focused on your job.

7. Failure to Pre-Plan the Work: There is a lot of talk today about Job Hazard Analysis. Job Hazard Analysis
is an effective way to anticipate the potential hazards associated with a job or task and figure out the best
ways to accomplish the work safely and effectively. Being hasty in starting a task or not thinking through
the process can put you in harm’s way. Plan Your Work and then Work Your Plan!

What is the Accident Incidence Rate (AIR)?

AIR = the incident rate is based on the number of accidents that occurred over a fixed period, per 100,000
employees.

AIR = No. of reported accident in a specific period X 100,000

Average No. of employees in that period.

What is the Accident Frequent Rate (AFR) Formula?

The AFR is worked out by Number of reported accidents X 1,000,000 / Employee total hours worked. OR
Accident Frequency Rate is [(Number of injuries in the period)/ (Total hours worked during the period)] x
1,000,000. ie the number of injuries per million hours worked i.e. the number of injuries per 100,000 workers.

(Number of reported accident x 1,000,000)

Employee total hours worked
We have an example calculation below which shows what your real-world calculation may look like.
Let's take a case where a company has had 4 recorded accidents in the previous year, and are looking to do
an AFR calculation for the previous year.
Getting the figures together, they have:

• 4 recorded accidents
• 1,000,000 Standardize Number or to standardize the number per 100 employees over 12 months
• A total of 115,000 hours worked across the company or project
So the formula would be:
(4 reported accidents x 1,000,000) / 115,000 = 34.78
The result here is 6.95 accidents per 100 employees, which could be relatively high depending on the
industry.

What is LTI?
Lost Time Injury – any injury sustained by an employee while on the job that prevents them from being able
to perform his job for at least one day/shift. “A lost-time injury is something that results in a fatality,
permanent disability or time lost from work.
Lost Time Frequent Rate (LTIFR) refers to the number of lost-time injuries within a given accounting period,
relative to the total number of hours worked in that period.

How to calculate LTI?

([Number of lost time injuries in the reporting period] x 1,000,000) / (Total hours worked in the reporting
period).

(Number of LTI in the reporting period X 1,000,000)

Total hours worked in reporting period.

For simplicity’s sake, let’s say you ended the year with two lost time injuries out of 150,000 man hours
worked. The LTI metric result would be 1.33.
Here the Calculation goes:
LTI = 2
Total No. of hours worked = 150,000
1,000,000 Standardize Number or to standardize the number of hours per 100 employees over 12 months
2 X 1, 000,000 /150,000
The LTI metric result would be 1.33.

What is Occupational Health & Safety attitude?

OH&S attitude simply refers to the employee tendency to either respond positively or negatively towards a
safety goal, idea, plan, procedure, prevention or situation. Safety attitudes influence employee choice of
actions and response to challenges, incentives and rewards in the workplace. Positive workplace safety
attitudes are essential for an accident free work environment that ensures higher efficiency, best quality,
saves budget on cost of accident, raises employee morale, business profit and goodwill. On the contrary, a
negative workplace safety attitude increases cost of production, turnover rate, and reduces employee safety,
morale, quality, profitability and business goodwill.
.
Workplace safety attitudes have following components:
• Emotions or feelings - driven by mental states
• Belief or opinions - derived from own faith
• Inclination for action - driven by opinions
• Positive or negative response to stimuli - lead by actions
Positive workplace safety attitudes aim to:
• Protect properties and employees
• Prevent all types of accidents and near misses
• Prepare for the emergencies
• Improve work environment and morale

Good workplace safety attitudes are represented by attentiveness, eagerness, alertness, carefulness, task
focused, team-oriented and seriousness. Bad workplace safety attitudes are represented by emotional acts,
tiredness, risk-taking, recklessness, selfishness and carelessness.

Action plan for Occupational Health &Safety attitude?

A Safety Action Plan is to identify and eliminate physical, ergonomic, biological and chemical exposures will
assist the employer in the reduction of the number of work-related injuries and occupational diseases. By
having a Safety Action Plan, the employer is taking a proactive approach to providing the employees with a
safe place to work.

The 5 Steps of a Safety Action Plan

1. Identify all the hazards
2. Establish who is responsible for eliminating each hazard

3. Plan a course of action to remove the hazards

4. Take the necessary corrective actions to eliminate the hazards

5. Establish a system to prevent the hazard from returning

Step 1: Identify all the hazards:

If you have not already compiled a list of potential job hazards that could cause injury or damage to
equipment, you should do so. Incorporate the employees into identifying the job hazards. Ask each
employee to list the 5 biggest safety hazards in their job. Not only will you see most of the job hazards you
have already identified, but you will also learn of potential job hazards of which you were not aware.

Step 2: Establish who is responsible for eliminating each hazard:

Once you have compiled your list of job hazards, place the name of the unit supervisor or department
manager, or senior executive who is responsible for the eliminating the hazard. Lower management can
correct simple hazards like improper storage of supplies. More complex hazards requiring a revision of the
work process or a change in the physical facility structure will necessitate the involvement of senior
management.

Step 3: Plan a course of action to remove the hazards:

Once the hazard has been identified, and the person responsible for eliminating or correcting the hazard has
been identified, a course of action to accomplish the hazard elimination must be determined. Identifying the
hazard will not accomplish anything for the employer if the steps to remove the hazard are not
established. By knowing what needs to be done, the process to achieve the elimination of the hazard can
move forward. The plan of action should include the completion date to facilitate its timely accomplishment.

Step 4: Take the necessary corrective actions to eliminate the hazards:

Implementation of the plan of action is critical to the success of the Safety Action Plan. Identifying the hazard
and determining how to correct it will not matter if the necessary corrective actions are not taken. The
employees who have assisted you in identifying the hazards will judge everything in the Safety Program by
whether or not management was serious about removing the hazards. When the corrective actions are
taken, and the hazards are eliminated, the employees will be more safety conscious as they understand
management is serious about their safety.

Step 5: Establish a system to prevent the hazard from returning:

Some safety issues, like cluttered storerooms or spills, have a happy of returning if steps are not taken to
prevent the hazard from reoccurring. Management can best address these safety hazards by continuous
emphasizing the importance of safety. Each employee should understand safety is not a one-time
correction, but a continuous, on-going process.

How many workers are entitled to a Toilet facility?

According to workers accommodation planning regulation Minimum 1 dual flush water cistern (maximum
flush 4.5L/min), pan and toilet roll holder per 6 persons; according to workers welfare standard of Supreme
Committee SC - The Accommodation shall contain a minimum of one (1) x toilet per six (6) beds. On
Construction Sites, the Contractor shall provide at a minimum the specified number of sanitary facilities
dependant on the total number of Workers employed by the Contractor and Other Contracting Parties at that
Construction Site: (a) up to fifty (50) Workers, two (2) toilets and two (2) washbasin; (b) for the next fifty (50)
Workers, two (2) additional toilet plus two (2) additional washbasins; (c) for every additional 100 Workers,
one (1) additional toilet, one (1) additional washbasin and two (2) additional urinals. Where the Contractor or
Other Contracting Parties employ females on the Construction Site, separate toilet facilities shall be provided
and shall include one (1) toilet for every ten (10) females.

Workers Toilets Urinals Washbasins

50 2 - 2
100 4 - 4
200 5 2 5
300 6 4 6
400 7 6 7
500 8 8 8
1000 16 16 16
 2000 32 32 32

What is the ratio of a site Nurse and Doctor to workers?

1 Occupational site nurse to 100 workers while 1 occupational doctor to 500 workers.

What is the requirement for Site Nurse and Doctor?

Both site nurse and doctor must possessed legal license of supreme health of council state of Qatar
i.e. they must be registered nurse and doctor as per state of Qatar legal requirements.

What do you mean by a Confined space?

Confined space is the space with limited ways to get in and out. The Space is not intended for continuous
human occupancy. This means that the space was designed to hold something other than people. Examples
include silos, vats, hoppers, utility vaults, tanks, water supply towers, sewers, pipes, access shafts, truck or
rail tank cars, aircraft wings, boilers, manholes, pump stations, digesters, manure pits and storage bins. In
another vein, confined space" means a space that: (1) Is large enough and so configured that an employee
can bodily enter and perform assigned work; and. (2) Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit (for
example, tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, and pits are spaces that may have limited
means of entry.

Is excavation a confined space? If no why and if yes why?

In the United States, any pit or trench with a depth equal to or greater than 4 feet is classified as a permit-
required confined space.

What are the hazards of confined space?

The hazards associated confined spaces include:
• Toxic Atmosphere- A toxic atmosphere may cause various acute effects, including impairment of
judgement, unconsciousness and death,
• Oxygen Deficiency,
• Oxygen Enrichment,
• Flammable or Explosive Atmospheres,
• Flowing Liquid or Free Flowing Solids
• Excessive Heat.

Confined space safety precautions/control measures

Where possible, avoid entry to confined spaces. Establish if the work is really necessary or if it can be done
in another way that avoids the need to enter.
Safe systems of work- Make sure you have all the relevant information, knowledge and experience to carry
out the work. There must be a site specific method statement in place for all employees to adhere to before
the work is carried out. You may need to have a permit to work system in place.
Ventilation- You will need to ensure there is suitable ventilation within the workplace. You may have to
introduce temporary ventilation before you start. If the area has restricted or no natural air supply you may
have to use breathing apparatus to provide an air supply to the user.

Isolation- You may need to isolate local utilities to allow your employees to work safely such as gas, water
and electricity.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - Ensure all employees have suitable PPE to undertake the work.
Care should be taken to ensure that the PPE used does not introduce other hazards. These can include
overheating or restricting communication or movement. Ensure employees have proper: head, hand and foot
protection; eye and hearing protection; waterproof and thermal clothing; respirators and breathing apparatus;
and appropriate safety harnesses.

Emergency procedures- Put emergency arrangements in place before any work starts. You must put
suitable and sufficient measures in place to make sure employees can be rescued safely if required. You
should also consider: first aid procedures; the safety of rescuers; and liaison with emergency services.
They must be appropriate to the hazard presented by the activity:
• There must be an effective means of communication for raising the alarm both from the confined space
and by someone outside.
• Work in confined spaces is often carried out at night, weekends and times when the premises are closed,
for example holidays. Consider how the alarm can be raised.
• Provide rescue and resuscitation equipment. This will depend on the likely emergencies identified.
• It may be necessary to shut down any adjacent plant before attempting emergency rescue. Ensure
access and a means to safely shut down is available.
• Consider how the local emergency services would be made aware of an incident. Plan what their route of
access is. Also consider what information about the dangers need to be given to them on their arrival.

Rescuers - Those who are identified as rescuers need to be: ready at hand; properly trained; fit to carry out
their task; protected against the cause of the emergency; and capable of using any equipment provided for
rescue, for example breathing apparatus, lifelines and fire-fighting equipment.

Training - Training is critical in all work with confined spaces. Ensure that all employees are given suitable
and appropriate training to carry out the workplace task. This will include emergency procedures and if
required training in the use of breathing apparatus.

Why 24 Volt is used in confined space?

It is to reduce the impact of electrical shock to the workers (in case any). Installation with higher voltage
(110 V, 220 V, or 380 V) is possible to create a fatal incident depending upon the environment (wet, metal
surface, etc.)

What is a high risk confined space?

A high risk confined space is a space in which a specified risk cannot be eliminated or controlled to an
acceptable level, or where breathing apparatus is required. Entry may involve complex entry procedures and
it will entail the use of breathing apparatus.

What is the voltage of light used in a confined space?

12 volts. When natural lighting is not sufficient, additional lighting will be provided. It must not exceed 12
volts in damp conditions and will be equipped with a ground fault circuit interrupter.

Rescue plan for confined space work activity

Where a system of entry permits is in place, a rescue plan is required, which includes a trained and equipped
rescue team available within a reasonable response. It will list the personnel and equipment required to be at
the worksite before entry is allowed. Special equipment such as tripod hoists, harnesses, and others may be
required to extricate a worker from a toxic environment, without unduly endangering rescue personnel. In
some industrial plants, Working at Height (WAH) and Confined Space (CS) rescue services are combined
and delivered together.

What are the hazards in an excavation and their control measures?

The specific hazards associated with excavations are as follows:

• the collapse of the sides;

• materials falling on workers in the excavation;
• falls of people and/or vehicles into the excavation;
• workers being struck by the plant;
• specialist equipment such as pneumatic drills;
• hazardous substances, particularly near the site of current or former industrial processes;
• the influx of ground or surface water and entrapment in silt or mud; proximity of stored materials, waste
materials or plant;
• the proximity to adjacent buildings or structures and their stability;
• contact with underground services;
• access and egress to the excavation;

• fumes, lack of oxygen and other health hazards (such as Weil’s disease ).

Precautions & Controls Required For Excavations

The following precautions and controls should be adopted:
At all stages of the excavation, a competent person must supervise the work and the workers must be given
clear instructions on working safely in the excavation.
The sides of the excavation must be prevented from collapsing either by digging them at a safe angle
(between 5 ° and 45 ° dependent on soil and dryness) or by shoring them up with timber, sheeting or a
proprietary support system. Falls of material into the workings can also be prevented by not storing spoil
material near the top of the excavation.

The workers should wear hard hats.

If the excavation is more than 2 m deep, a substantial barrier consisting of guardrails and toe boards should
be provided around the surface of the workings.
Vehicles should be kept away as far as possible using warning signs and barriers. Where a vehicle is tipping
materials into the excavation, stop blocks should be placed behind its wheels.
It is very important that the excavation site is well lit at night.
All plant and equipment operators must be competent and non-operators should be kept away from moving
the plant.
PPE must be worn by operators of the noisy plant.
Nearby structures and buildings may need to be shored up if the excavation may reduce their stability.
Scaffolding could also be de-stabilized by adjacent excavation trenches.
The influx of water can only be controlled by the use of pumps after the water has been channeled into
sumps. The risk of flooding can be reduced by the isolation of the mains water supply.

What is Type C soil?

Type C soil is the least stable type of soil. Type C includes granular soils in which particles don't stick
together and cohesive soils with a low unconfined compressive strength; 0.5 tons per square foot or less.
Examples of Type C soil include gravel, and sand. ... Clumps mean that the soil is cohesive.

How do you manage buried service while excavations work ongoing?

Proper way to manage buried service while excavation work is onging is
• Planning the work
• Locating and identifying buried services
• Safe excavation
Excavation work should be properly managed to control risks, including :
Planning the work : Most buried service cables belong to KHARMA in State of Qatar. Careful planning and
risk assessments are essential before the work starts. Risk assessments should consider how the work is to
be carried out, ensuring local circumstances are taken into account.

Using cable plans : Plans or other suitable information about all buried services in the area should be
obtained and reviewed before any excavation work starts. If the excavation work is an emergency, and plans
and other information cannot be found, the work should be carried out as though there are live buried
services in the area. Plans give only an indication of the location, and number of underground services at a
particular site. It is essential that a competent person traces cables using suitable locating devices.

Cable locating devices : Before work begins, underground cables must be located, identified and clearly
marked. The position of the cable in or near the proposed work area should be pinpointed as accurately as
possible by means of a locating device, using plans, and other information as a guide to the possible location
of services and to help interpret the signal. Remember: Locators should be used frequently and repeatedly
during the course of the work.

Safe digging practices: Excavation work should be carried out carefully and follow recognized safe
digging practices. Once a locating device has been used to determine cable positions and routes, excavation
may take place, with trial holes dug using suitable hand tools as necessary to confirm this. Excavate
alongside the service rather than directly above it. Final exposure of the service by horizontal digging is
recommended, as the force applied to hand tools can be controlled more effectively. Insulated tools should
be used when hand digging near electric cables.

What type of worker’s welfare to provide on-site?

The types of worker’s welfare that need to be provided on-site include: field toilet or sanitary facilities, potable
drinking water, rest shelter with industrial or misty fan, smoking area, sufficient supply of hot and cold or
warm running water and mess hall with AC or industrial fan.

Factors to be considered in Contractor Selection

• Health and safety policy.
• Trade association memberships/ certification with professional bodies
• Competency of staffs
• Insurance
• Medical
• Maintenance of equipment.
• Experience of similar works.
• Training of staff.
• Method statement suitability.
• Risk assessment quality.
• Accident history.
• Enforcement actions.
• Equipment to be used.
• Maintenance of equipment.
• Control of sub-contractors.

Assuming you have a new road project, what are the necessary requirements/ things to put
in place before/during mobilization to the new road project site?
First and foremost, there must be ROAD OPENING (RO). If the road/place interface with Qrail/QP facilities,
there is need to obtain Qrail/QP permit. However, the following permits must be obtain or made available:

• Approved Traffic management plan,

• Approved Road diversion plan,
• Approved Road opening (RO),

Regarding site implementation

The followings must be put in place:
• Hard barriers on site,
• Hoarding in place,
• Signage,
• Create site access,
• Provide adequate welfare facilities such as field toilets, potable water, smoking area,
• Obtain permit for laydown area from Municipality.

What are the type of water filter is approved and to be used on site?
Ceramic water filter is most and best to be used in water drinking station in site and use 3 cartridges for
proper filtration of soil impurity and particles.

What is the different between Shaft and Tunnel?

Shaft: a long, narrow, typically vertical hole that gives access to a mine, accommodates a lift in a building, or
provides ventilation.
Tunnel: an artificial underground passage, especially one built through a hill or under a building, road, or
river.

What are the legal requirements as per road project/Ashgal work?

LEGISLATIONS, SPECIFICATION AND STANDARDS

4.1 Qatar Laws (Legislations)
• Qatar Civil Defence Law No. 9 of 2012
• Qatar Labour Law No. 14 of 2014
• Qatar Environmental Protection Law No. 30 of 2002
• Qatar Traffic Law No. 19 of the Year 2007,
• Environmental Executive Regulation of 2005

4.2 Standards
• ISO 14001: 2015
• OHSAS 18001: 2007
• ILO Labour Standards
• ILO Occupational Safety and Health Guidelines
• AS 1885.1-1990 • BS and EN Standards

4.3 Specifications
• Qatar Construction Specifications (QCS 2014)
• Work Zone Traffic Management Guide-ASHGHAL
• Workers' Rights Book-National Human Rights Committee- Qatar
• Qatar Traffic Control at Road Works
• ASHGHAL Expressway Specifications
• KAHRAMAA Guidelines for Works near MV/LV OHL

What is the health and safety KPI?

Health and Safety KPIs are measurable values used by Health and Safety Teams to track and determine
their progress on specific business objectives. These KPIs help determine how well H&S Teams are
performing. Besides, KPI’s will measure health and safety performance, progress of objectives and targets.
Leading and Lagging KPI’s will be developed and include the SC Performance Monitoring Indicators to
ensure transparency.

5 KPIs to measure personal performance

• Customer/Client Satisfaction. Let's be blunt – unhappy customers/client do not make for good long-term
prospects for any business.
• Employee Satisfaction.

• Teamwork.

• Employee Turnover Rate.

• Achieving Goals (Employee Performance)

What are the different between ISO 45001 & OHSAS 18001?
ISO 45001 follows a preventative process, which requires hazard risks to be evaluated and remedied, as
opposed to hazard control, under OHSAS 18001. In adopting ISO 45001, your organization will find and
identify potential hazard risks before they cause accidents and injuries. Unlike OHSAS 18001, which only
focused on controlling known hazards, ISO 45001 requires organizations to proactively identify sources or
situations that have the potential to cause harm.

Context of Organization
Companies will have to define the Context of their Organizations, meaning the External and Internal Issues in
the environment in which they operate. The Context will have to be systematically determined and monitored.
The organization shall have to look the conditions affecting the operations such as regulations, stakeholders
and governance. They have to understand the drivers of their organizational culture.
Needs and Expectations of Workers
The Needs and Expectations of Workers and other Interested Parties such as Shareholders, Customers and
Board Members have to be defined. From this step the requirements and deliverables of the Management
System will be further developed.
Risks and Opportunities
Organizations will be required to determine the Risks and Opportunities that may impact its ability to deliver
planned results which shall include enhancement of health and safety of employees during the job. Legal and
other requirements have also got to be identified and considered.
Leadership
There is increased emphasis on the Leadership of the company to become engaged in and be responsible
for the management system to be more effective.
Objectives and Performance Reviews
There is an increased focus on the Objectives determined by the organization as improvement drivers and
their achievement shall be evaluated during Performance Review. The Objectives should support the Policy
and shall be considered within the available resources. The responsibility for achieving Objectives, the time
frame and measures to establish progress has to be decided and should evaluate whether Objectives have
been achieved. Documented information has to be retained about objectives and plans to achieve them.
Communication Requirements
Communications requirements have been enhanced in terms of defining the objective of communication and
if it was effective in addition to Who, What and When it should take place.
Removal of Preventive Action
Preventive Action has been removed from Corrective and Preventive Actions. The Preventive Actions are
now undertaken in the Risk Management Processes while determining the risks and opportunities and ways
to reduce or eliminate risks and undertake opportunities.
Health and Safety
It also allows the participation and consultation of workers to a higher degree in the Health and Safety
Management System.
The new standard has requirements for taking care of and monitoring the health and safety of workers in the
Contractor’s organizations and in Outsourced Processes and during Procurement Processes.
Risk Control
For the reduction of OH&S risks and eliminating Hazards the new standard specifies hierarchy of controls in
an order of preference with reference to risk management. Hazards and risk controls are required to be
planned in the operational controls. The standard introduces requirements for management of planned
changes in operations such as working conditions, work force, equipment as well as changes in risks and
known hazards.
Implementation of the new ISO/FDIS 45001 standard will result on overall better Health and Safety of
Workers and reduced accidents.

What is the Aim of ISO 45001?

The overall aim of ISO 45001 is to reduce unacceptable risks and ensure the safety and wellbeing of
everyone involved in an organization’s activities.
The contents of ISO 45001
1. Scope

2. Normative References
3. Terms and Definitions
4. Context of the Organization
5. Leadership
6. Planning
7. Support
8. Operation
9. Performance Evaluation
10. Improvement

Some Core Elements of Successful Safety Programs

• SAFETY CULTURE: Before you can expect employees to follow best practices, you must educate them
and empower them to hold each other accountable. Dedicate a day to safety training when you share safety
tips and plan activities that keep your employees interested. There are plenty of online safety training ideas
and resources to help get you started.
• EMPLOYEE TRAINING AND EMPOWERMENT: Once your employees are trained, a safety
management process must be put in place for them to easily identify hazards and take steps to contain them.
It’s true that not all hazards can be eliminated, but most can be controlled. For each hazard you identify, try
following the hierarchy of controls to ensure you’ve done everything you can to keep workers safe on the job.
• HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS: Complying with OSHA’s regulations is the best
way to ensure you’re doing everything you can to keep your workers safe. They even provide compliance
resources organized by industry as well as email newsletters and a searchable database by safety topic.

• FOCUS ON COMPLIANCE: Safety and health programs don’t fall into the “set it and forget it” category.
Not only are new regulations being released all the time, but new employees will join your team. Thus, it’s
important to adopt a continuous improvement mindset when it comes to safety. Hold frequent safety
meetings, retrain more tenured employees as you train new hires, and consider doing a full safety and health
program audit each year. Also, encourage employees to share their concerns with you. These concerns can
most likely be turned into safety topics that will resonate with your entire team.
• CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT: Safety and health programs don’t fall into the “set it and forget it”
category. Not only are new regulations being released all the time, but new employees will join your team.
Thus, it’s important to adopt a continuous improvement mindset when it comes to safety. Hold frequent
safety meetings, retrain more tenured employees as you train new hires, and consider doing a full safety and
health program audit each year. Also, encourage employees to share their concerns with you. These
concerns can most likely be turned into safety topics that will resonate with your entire team.
• LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL BUY-IN: For a safety and health program to be effective there
must be institutional buy-in from the top down. Workers will be faced with situations every day that force
them to decide between a safe course of action and an unsafe one. Good safety leaders motivate workers to
make the right decision even when no one is watching. Becoming a good safety leader starts with honest,
consistent communication. Set high but attainable standards for your team. Offer an incentive for following
your organization’s safety management system. And, if an incident that requires disciplinary action occurs,
always communicate the “why” along with the “what” when addressing it.

• THE SAFETY MANAGER ROLE: Though safety leadership roles may be taken on by various workers, a
safety manager is typically the official face of safety within an organization. Safety managers try to minimize
workplace injuries and illnesses by training workers, staying up-to-date on current safety news, writing
policies, and ensuring compliance.

What is risk assessment?

Risk assessment is a term used to describe the overall process or method where you: Identify hazards
and risk factors that have the potential to cause harm (hazard identification). Analyze and evaluate
the risk associated with that hazard (risk analysis, and risk evaluation).

What are the types of risk assessment?

• Qualitative Risk Assessment: Qualitative risk analysis involves identifying threats (or opportunities), how
likely they are to happen, and the potential impacts if they do. The results are typically shown using a
Probability/Impact ranking matrix. This type of analysis will also categorize risks, either by source or effect.
• Quantitative Risk Assessment: A Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) is a formal and systematic risk
analysis approach to quantifying the risks associated with the operation of an engineering process. A QRA
also helps to make cost effective decisions and manages the risks for the entire asset lifecycle.
• Generic Risk Assessment: Highlight commonly identified hazards (i.e. things with the potential to cause
harm) and control measures/precautions (i.e. ways of reducing the likelihood of the hazard causing harm)
associated with general locations, events or activities
• Site-Specific Risk Assessment: Site-specific risk assessments are risk assessments that have been
adapted to a specific site, and only contain relevant information for that particular project. Site-specific risk
assessments take into account the actual site conditions and type of project and address only the
relevant hazards.
• Dynamic Risk Assessment: Dynamic risk assessment is the practice of mentally observing, assessing
and analyzing an environment while we work to identify and remove risk. The process allows individuals to
identify a hazard on the spot and make quick decisions in regards to their own safety.

What is method statement?

Method statement is a written document that describes the work to be carried out, outlines the hazards
involved with the work, lists the control measures for the hazards identified and specifies the responsibility for
the control measure. A method statement is a description of how the work will be carried out safely. It
describes in a logical sequence exactly how a job is to be carried out in a safe manner and without risks to
health. It includes all the risks identified in the risk assessment and the measures needed to control those
risks.

What is procedure?
Procedures are in place which set out the steps workers should follow to perform specific work activities
safely and meet organizational policies and legislation. It is particular way of accomplishing task, or a series
of steps followed in a regular definite order to perform task or work. OR Procedure is order of the steps to be
taken to make something happen, or how something is done. The important purpose of procedures is to
ensure consistency.

What is policy?
A workplace policy is a statement which outlines an organization's practices. Policy provides guidance,
consistency, accountability, efficiency, and clarity on how an organization operates.

What is process and procedure?

A process is a series of related tasks or methods that together turn inputs into outputs. A procedure is a
prescribed way of undertaking a process or part of a process. At a glance, the two might seem confusing,
as they both refer to the same activities being carried out.

What is the difference between process and procedure?

Process: “a series of actions or steps taken in order to achieve a particular end.” Procedure: “an established
or official way of doing something.”

What are attitudes to work?

An attitude refers to our opinions, beliefs, and feelings about aspects of our environment. At work, two
job attitudes have the greatest potential to influence how we behave. These are job satisfaction and
organizational commitment. Job satisfaction refers to the feelings people have toward their job.

What is safety audit?

A safety audit is a structured process whereby information is collected relating to the efficiency,
effectiveness, and reliability of a company's total health and safety management system.
Safety audits serve two broad purposes:

1. They are routinely conducted in order to determine whether the company is in compliance with safety
legislation. These can be performed by representatives of a regulatory body or by the company itself.
2. They are used to identify weaknesses in their safety programs and processes. These audits are then used
as a guide for designing safety plans or to identify corrective actions that should be undertaken.
The minimum information required to be contained in the HSE PLAN includes:
- Front Cover
- Table of Contents
- OHSAS 18001 Certificate (if applicable)
- CONTRACTOR health and safety policy statement
- Project Scope, Requirements and Occupational Health and Safety Objectives
- Subcontractor Occupational Health and Safety
- Management structure, organization chart, and key personnel responsibilities
- PPE requirements
- Training requirements
- Hazard Communication Program
- Occupational Health Program
- Emergency Response Program
- Incident Notification and Investigation
- Safety Meeting Details
- Site Security Procedure
- Air/ noise/ dust monitoring procedures
- Permit to Work Program
- Procedure for inspections, corrective and preventative actions
- Method Statements
- Risk Assessment and Job/Activity Hazard Analyses
- Key Performance Indicators and Continual Improvement
- Reference to and listing of pertinent Company HSE Policies & Procedures
- Appendices
- Reference Documentation