Notes

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
_________
SUMMER – 2024 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject Name: Web Based Application Development with PHP Subject Code: 22619
Important Instructions to examiners:
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the
understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not applicable for
subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The figures
drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values may vary and
there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer based on
candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in English/Marathi and Bilingual (English +
Marathi) medium is introduced at first year of AICTE diploma Programme from academic year 2021-2022. Hence if
the students in first year (first and second semesters) write answers in Marathi or bilingual language (English
+Marathi), the Examiner shall consider the same and assess the answer based on matching of concepts with model
answer.
Q. Sub Answer Marking

No. Q. Scheme
N.
1 Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10 M
a) List any four advantages of PHP. 2M
Ans 1. Performance: PHP script is executed much faster than those scripts which are Any 4
written in other languages such as JSP and ASP. PHP uses its own memory, so the correct
server workload and loading time is automatically reduced, which results in faster points-2 M
processing speed and better performance.
2. Open Source: PHP source code and software are freely available on the web. We
can develop all the versions of PHP according to our requirement without paying
any cost. All its components are free to download and use.
3. Embedded: PHP code can be easily embedded within HTML tags and script.
4. Platform Independent: PHP is available for WINDOWS, MAC, and LINUX&
UNIX operating system. A PHP application developed in one OS can be easily
executed in other OS also.
5. Database Support: PHP supports all the leading databases such as MySQL,
SQLite, ODBC, etc.
6. Security: PHP is a secure language to develop the website. It consists of multiple
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(Autonomous)
_________
layers of security to prevent threads and malicious attacks.
7. Loosely Typed Language: PHP allows us to use a variable without declaring its
datatype. It will be taken automatically at the time of execution based on the type
of data it contains on its value.
8. Error Reporting: PHP has predefined error reporting constants to generate an error
notice or warning at runtime. E.g., E_ERROR, E_WARNING, E_STRICT,
E_PARSE.
9. Control: Different programming languages require long script or code, whereas
PHP can do the same work in a few lines of code. It has maximum control over the
websites like we can make changes easily whenever we want.
10. Web servers Support: PHP is compatible with almost all local servers used today
like Apache, Netscape, Microsoft IIS, etc.
11. Familiarity with syntax: PHP has easily understandable syntax. Programmers are
comfortable coding with it.
12. Helpful PHP Community: It has a large community of developers who regularly
updates documentation, tutorials, online help, and FAQs. Learning PHP from the
communities is one of the significant benefits.
b) State the use of str-word-count along with its syntax. 2M
Ans Use of str_word_count() : Use -1 M

and Correct
The str_word_count() is in-built function of PHP. It is used to return information about Syntax- 1 M
words used in a string or counts the number of words in a string.
Syntax:
str_word_count ( $string , $returnVal, $chars )
Parameters Used:
$string: Input string.
$returnVal: $returnVal parameter. It is an optional parameter and its default value is 0.
$chars: This is an optional parameter which specifies a list of additional characters which
shall be considered as a ‘word’.
c) Define Serialization. 2M
Ans In PHP, serialization is the process of converting a data structure or object into a string Correct
Definition- 2
representation that can be stored or transmitted. This allows you to save the state of an
M
object or data structure to a database, cache, or send it over a network connection, and
then later recreate the object or data structure from the serialized string.
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(Autonomous)
_________
d) Differentiate between Session & Cookies. (Any two points) 2M
Ans Sr. Session Cookies Any 2

No. correct
points – 2 M
1 When it comes to sessions, it When it comes to cookies, they
stores the variable and their are stored as a text file on the
values within a file in a user’s system.
momentary manual on the
server.
2 It ends when the operator The cookie expires relying on the

turns off the system or logs lifetime a user set for it.
off the application.
3 They are server-side files that They are considered client-side

manage user data. files that store user data.
4 It can hold an unlimited It can only hold a specific piece of

amount of data. information.
5 Here, we can hold unlimited Here, the utmost size of the

data; however, there is the cookies is 4 KB.
highest memory limitation,
which a script can utilise a
single time, and it is 128 MB.
6 To begin the session, we are As cookies are stored in the local

required to call the system hence, we don’t require to
session_start() function. call a function to initiate a cookie.
7 Sessions are more secure than Cookies are less secure as

cookies. compared to the sessions.
e) List out the database operations. 2M
Ans 1. Create Any 4

2. Insert correct
3. Update operations-2
4. Delete M
5. Truncate
6. Alter
f) Write a program using Foreach loop. 2M
Ans <?php Correct

//declare array program- 2
$season = array ("Summer", "Winter", "Autumn", "Rainy"); M
//access array elements using foreach loop

foreach ($season as $element) {
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(Autonomous)
_________
echo "$element";
echo "</br>";
}
?>
g) Explain in short how can we destroy cookies. 2M
Ans To delete or destroy the cookie, we can use the setcookie() function with the same cookie Correct
name, an empty value, and a past expiration time (specifically, one hour ago). Setting the explanation-
expiration time to the past causes the cookie to be immediately expired and removed from 2M
the browser.
Example:
<?php
$cookieName = "username";
// Set the cookie expiration time to the past to delete the cookie
setcookie($cookieName, "", time() - 3600);
echo "Cookie named 'username' has been deleted.";

?>
2. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 M
a) Explain different loops in PHP. 4M
Ans Type of Loops in PHP Types of

Loops-1 M
1. The while Loop
2. The Do …while Loop Any 2
3. The For Loop correct Loop
4. The Foreach Loop with syntax-
2M
The While Loop
Example of
While structure is type of loop statement, where the condition is checked at first, the above loop-1
iteration will not stop even if the value changes while executing Statements. M
Syntax-
while(condition)
{
code to be executed
}
Example:
<?php
$i=0;
while($i<=10)
{ //output value 0 from 10
echo "The Number is ".$i."<br>";
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(Autonomous)
_________
$i++;
}
?>
The Do While Loop
Do while statement is same as the while statement, the only difference is that it evaluates
the expression at the end.
Syntax –
do
{
code to be executed
}
while(condition);
Example:
<?php
$i=0;
do
{ //output value 0 from 10
echo "The Number is ".$i."<br>";
$i++;
}
while($i<=10)
?>
The For Loop
The for loop is used when we know in advance how many times the script should run.
Syntax:
for(initialization; condition; increment)
{
code to be executed
}
Example:
<?php
for($i=0;$i<=10;$i++)
{
echo "The Number is ".$i."<br/>";
}
?>
The Foreach Loop
For Each structure is a loop structure used for arrays.

Syntax:
foreach(array as value)
{
code to be executed;
}
foreach(array as key => value)
{
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(Autonomous)
_________
code to be executed;
}
Example:
<?php
$email=array('info@phpgurukul.com','anuj.lpu1@gmail.com');
foreach($email as $value)
{
echo "Processing ".$value."<br/>";
}
?>
b) Differentiate between implode & explode functions. 4M
Ans Implode function Explode function Any 4

Correct
points- 4 M
The implode function works on an The explode function works on
array. a string.
The explode function returns

The implode function returns string.
array.
The first parameter of the implode The first parameter of the

function is optional. explode function is required.
The explode function is used

The implode function in PHP is used
to "Split a string by a specified
to "join elements of an array with a
string into pieces i.e. it breaks a
string".
string into an array".
Syntax: Syntax:
implode (separator, array) explode (separator,string,limit)
c) Define Introspection and explain it with suitable example. 4M
Ans Definition: Definition-1

M
In PHP, An Introspection is an ability to examine an object's characteristics, such as its
name, parent class (if any) properties, classes, interfaces, and methods. Any 4
correct
In-built functions in PHP Introspection: Introspection
built-in
1. class_exists() Checks whether a class has been defined.
functions – 1
2. get_class() Returns the class name of an object. M
3. get_parent_class() Returns the class name of a Return object's parent class. Any Correct
Example- 2
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(Autonomous)
_________
4. is_subclass_of() Checks whether an object has a given parent class. M
5. get_declared_classes() Returns a list of all declared classes.
6. get_class_methods() Returns the names of the class methods.
7. get_class_vars() Returns the default properties of a class
8. interface_exists() Checks whether the interface is defined.
9. method_exists() Checks whether an object defines a method.
Example:
<?php
class Rectangle
{
var $dim1 = 2;
var $dim2 = 10;
function Rectangle($dim1,$dim2)
{
$this->dim1 = $dim1;
$this->dim2 = $dim2;
}
function area()
{
return $this->dim1*$this->dim2;
}
function display()
{
// any code to display info
}
}
$S = new Rectangle(4,2);
//get the class varibale i.e properties
$class_properties = get_class_vars("Rectangle");
//get object properties
$object_properties = get_object_vars($S);
//get class methods
$class_methods = get_class_methods("Rectangle");
//get class corresponding to an object
$object_class = get_class($S);
print_r($class_properties);
print_r($object_properties);
print_r($class_methods);
print_r($object_class);
?>
OUTPUT:
Array ( [dim1] => 2 [dim2] => 10 )
Array ( [dim1] => 4 [dim2] => 2 )
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(Autonomous)
_________
Array ( [0] => Rectangle [1] => area [2] => display )
Rectangle
d) Explain mail () function in PHP with example. 4M
Ans PHP mail() function is used to send email in PHP. You can send text message, html Syntax with
message and attachment with message using PHP mail() function. description-2
M
Syntax:
Example-2
bool mail ( string $to , string $subject , string $message [, string $additional_headers [, M
string $additional_parameters ]] )
Description:
$to: specifies receiver or receivers of the mail.
$subject: represents subject of the mail.
$message: represents message of the mail to be sent.
$additional_headers (optional): specifies the additional headers such as From, CC, BCC
etc.
Example:
<html>
<head>
<title>Email Using PHP</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
$to_email = "sneha.patange@vpt.edu.in";
$subject = 'Testing PHP Mail';
$message = 'This mail is sent using the PHP mail function';
$headers = 'From:spat20.06.86@gmail.com';
$retvalue=mail($to_email,$subject,$message,$headers);
echo $retvalue;
if( $retvalue == true ) {
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(Autonomous)
_________
echo "Message sent successfully...";
}else {
echo "Message could not be sent...";
?>
</body>
</html>
a) Explain Indexed & Associative arrays with suitable example. 4M
Ans 1. Indexed array - Each type

explanation-
• An array with a numeric index where values are stored linearly. 1M
• Numeric arrays use number as access keys. Example of
each type of
• An access key is a reference to a memory slot in an array variable. array-1 M
• The access key is used whenever we want to read or assign a new value an array
element.
• Syntax - <?php $variable_name[n] = value; -?> OR
<?php -$variable_name = array(n => value, …); -?>
• Example - <?php $course = array(0 => "Computer Engg.",1 => "Information

Tech.",
o 2 => "Electronics and Telecomm."); echo

$course[1]; ?>
2. Associative array -
• This type of arrays is like the indexed arrays but instead of linear storage, every
value can be assigned with a user-defined key of string type.
• An array with a string index where instead of linear storage, each value can be
assigned a specific key.
• Associative array differ from numeric array in the sense that associative arrays
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(Autonomous)
_________
use descriptive names for id keys.
• Syntax : <?php $variable_name['key_name'] = value;
$variable_name = array('keyname' => value); ?>
b) Explain Constructor with example. 4M
Ans A constructor is a special built-in method. Explanation

–2M
Constructor is special method of class used to initialize an object automatically when it is
created. Example – 2
M
Constructor do not return any value.
Constructor method takes arguments.
To define constructor, 'construct' method is used with two underscores ( ).
Syntax:
function construct([argument1, argument2, ..., argumentN]) {
/* Class initialization code */
}
Example:
<?php
class student{
public $name;
function construct()
{
echo "Constructor is executed for " .$this->name;
}
function destruct()
{
echo "Destructor is executing for " .$this->name;
}
}
$s1=new student("Sneha");
?>
c) Define session & cookie. Explain use of session start. 4M
Ans Cookie: Cookie is a small piece of information which is stored at client browser. It is used Definition
to recognize the user. each – 1 M
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(Autonomous)
_________
• Cookie is created at server side and saved to client browser. Each time when client Use – 2 M
sends request to the server, cookie is embedded with request. Such way, cookie
can be received at the server side. In short, cookie can be created, sent and
received at server end.
Session: Session data is stored on the server side and each Session is assigned with a
unique Session ID (SID) for that session data. As session data is stored on the server there
is no need to send any data along with the URL for each request to server.
Session_start-
• PHP session_start() function is used to start the session.
• It starts a new or resumes existing session.
• It returns existing session if session is created already.
• If session is not available, it creates and returns new session
Session variables are set with the PHP global variable: $_SESSION.
Example:
<?php
// Start the session
session_start();
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
// Set session variables
$_SESSION["favcolor"] = "green";
$_SESSION["favanimal"] = "cat";
echo "Session variables are set.";
?>
</body>
</html>
d) Explain inserting and retrieving the query result operations. 4M
Ans The below given code will demonstrate to insert and retrieve the respective query result Relevant
operations. code – 4 M
<?php
{
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "clg";
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
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(Autonomous)
_________
}
$sql = "SELECT id, firstname, lastname FROM staff";
$result = $conn->query($sql);
if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
// output data of each row
while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
echo "id: " . $row["id"]. " - Name: " . $row["firstname"]. " " . $row["lastname"].
"<br>";
}
} else {
echo "0 results";
}
$conn->close();
}
?>
<?php
{
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "clg";
}
$sql = "INSERT INTO staff (firstname, lastname, email)
VALUES ('John', 'Doe', 'john@example.com')";
if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {

echo "New record created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error: " . $sql . "<br>" . $conn->error;
}
$conn->close();
}
?>
a) Write a program to create PDF document in PHP. 4M
Ans <?php Relevant

code – 4 M
ob_end_clean();
require('fpdf/fpdf.php');
// Instantiate and use the FPDF class

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(Autonomous)
_________
$pdf = new FPDF();
//Add a new page

$pdf->AddPage();
// Set the font for the text

$pdf->SetFont('Arial', 'B', 18);
// Prints a cell with given text

$pdf->Cell(60,20,'Hello Students!');
// return the generated output

$pdf->Output();
?>
b) Write a program to demonstrate concept of inheritance in PHP. 4M
Ans Inheritance: Relevant

code – 4 M
It is the process of inheriting (sharing) properties and methods of base class in its child
class. Inheritance provides reusability of code in a program. PHP uses extends keyword to
establish relationship between two classes.
Syntax:
class derived_class_name extends base_class_name
// body of derived Class
derived_class_name is the name of new class which is also known as child class and
base_class_name is the name of existing class which is also known as parent class.
A derived class can access properties of base class and also can have its own properties.
Properties defined as public in base class can be accessed inside as well as outside of the
class but properties defined as protected in base class can be accessed only inside its derived
class. Private members of class cannot be inherited.
Types of Inheritance are:
Single Inheritance
Multilevel Inheritance
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(Autonomous)
_________
Hierarchical Inheritance
Multiple Inheritance
Example:
<?php
class college
public $name="ABC College";
protected $code=7;
class student extends college
public $sname;
public function setName($n){
$this->sname=$n;
public function display()
echo "College name=" .$this->name;
echo "<br>College code=" .$this->code;
echo "<br>Student name=" .$this->sname;
$s1=new student();
$s1->setName(“Ramesh”);
$s1->display();
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(Autonomous)
_________
?>
OUTPUT:
College name=ABC college

College code= 7
Student name=Ramesh
c) Create Employee form like employee_name, Address, Mobile_No, Date of 4M
birth, Post and Salary using different form input element and display user
inserted values in new PHP form.
Ans Html Program Html code –

<!DOCTYPE html> 2M
<html lang="en">
<head> PHP code –
2M
<title>Employee Form</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Employee Information</h2>
<form action="process_form.php" method="post">
<label for="employee_name">Employee Name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="employee_name" name="employee_name"><br><br>
<label for="address">Address:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="address" name="address"><br><br>
<label for="mobile_no">Mobile No:</label><br>

<input type="text" id="mobile_no" name="mobile_no"><br><br>
<label for="dob">Date of Birth:</label><br>

<input type="date" id="dob" name="dob"><br><br>
<label for="post">Post:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="post" name="post"><br><br>
<label for="salary">Salary:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="salary" name="salary"><br><br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">

</form>
</body>
</html>
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(Autonomous)
_________
PHP Program
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Employee Information</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Employee Information</h2>
<?php
// Retrieve form data using PHP
$employee_name = $_POST['employee_name'];
$address = $_POST['address'];
$mobile_no = $_POST['mobile_no'];
$dob = $_POST['dob'];
$post = $_POST['post'];
$salary = $_POST['salary'];
// Display the retrieved data

echo "<p><strong>Employee Name:</strong> $employee_name</p>";
echo "<p><strong>Address:</strong> $address</p>";
echo "<p><strong>Mobile No:</strong> $mobile_no</p>";
echo "<p><strong>Date of Birth:</strong> $dob</p>";
echo "<p><strong>Post:</strong> $post</p>";
echo "<p><strong>Salary:</strong> $salary</p>";
?>
</body>
</html>
d) Write PHP program to demonstrate delete operation on table data. 4M
Ans In the below example a student record with a roll no. ‘CO103’ will be deleted by using Relevant
DELETE statement and WHERE clause. code – 4 M
<?php
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "clg";
}
$sql = "DELETE FROM staff WHERE id=1";

echo "Record deleted successfully";
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(Autonomous)
_________
} else {
echo "Error deleting record: " . $conn->error;
}
$conn->close();
?>
e) Explain web page validation with example. 4M
Ans There are some built-in functions in PHP which will validate the web page. Explanation
• User may by mistakenly submit the data through form with empty fields or in wrong –2M
format.
• PHP script must ensure that required fields are complete and submitted data is in Example – 2
valid format. M
• PHP provides some inbuilt function using these functions that input data can be
validated.
• empty() function will ensure that text field is not blank it is with some data, function
accepts a variable as an argument and returns TRUE when the text field is submitted
with empty string, zero, NULL or FALSE value.
• Is_numeric() function will ensure that data entered in a text field is a numeric value,
the function accepts a variable as an argument and returns TRUE when the text
field is submitted with numeric value.
• preg_match() function is specifically used to performed validation for entering text
in the text field, function accepts a “regular expression” argument and a variable as
an argument which has to be in a specific pattern. Typically it is for validating email,
IP address and pin code in a form.
• For Example a PHP page formvalidation.php is having three text fields name,
mobile number and email from user, on clicking Submit button a data will be
submitted to PHP script validdata.php on the server, which will perform three
different validation on these three text fields, it will check that name should not be
blank, mobile number should be in numeric form and the email is validated with an
email pattern.
<html>
<head>
<title> Validating Form Data</title>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post" action="validdata.php">
Name :<input type="text" name="name" id="name" /><br/>
Mobile Number :<input type="text" name="mobileno" id="mobileno" /><br/>
Email ID :<input type="text" name="email" id="email" /><br/>
<input type="submit" name="submit_btn" value="Submit" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
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(Autonomous)
_________
<?php
if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST') {
if(empty($_POST['name']))
{
echo "Name can't be blank<br/>";
}
if(!is_numeric($_POST['mobileno']))
{
echo "Enter valid Mobile Number<br/>";
}
$pattern ='/\b[\w.-]+@[\w.-]+\.[A-Za-z]{2,6}\b/';
if(!preg_match($pattern,$_POST['email']))
{
echo "Enter valid Email ID.<br/>";
}
}
?>
5. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12 M
a) Explain decision making statements along with their syntax in PHP. 6M
Ans Program Instructions are executed sequentially. In some cases it is necessary to change Each Syntax
the sequence of executions based on certain conditions. For this purpose decision control Carries – 1
structure is required. M
Decision making statements are
1. if statement
2. if else statement
3. Else if else statement
4. Switch statement
5. Break statement
6. Continue statement
If statement-
The if statement executes some code if one condition is true.
Syntax
if (condition) {
// code to be executed if condition is true;
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(Autonomous)
_________
}
Example-
<?php
$a=10;
if ($a > 0)
{
echo "The number is positive";
}
?>
1. If else statement –
The If...Else Statement
If you want to execute some code if a condition is true and another code if a condition is
false, use the if ... else statement.
Syntax
if (condition)
code to be executed if condition is true;
else
code to be executed if condition is false;
<?php
$d = date("D");
if ($d == "Fri")
echo "Have a nice weekend!";
else
echo "Have a nice day!";
?>
2. Nested if else statement-
Nested if statements mean an if block inside another if block. Nested if else

statement used when we have more than two conditions. It is also called if else if
statement
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(Autonomous)
_________
if(condition1)
{
// Code to be executed
if condition1 is true
}
elseif(
condition2)
{
// Code to be executed if the condition1 is false and condition2 is true
}
else
{
// Code to be executed if both condition1 and condition2 are false
}
4. The if...elseif...else statement executes different codes for more than two
conditions.
Syntax
if (condition) {
code to be executed if this condition is true;
} elseif (condition) {
// code to be executed if first condition is false and this condition is true;
} else {
// code to be executed if all conditions are false;
}
Example
Output "Have a good morning!" if the current time is less than 10, and "Have a
good day!" if the current time is less than 20. Otherwise it will output "Have a
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(Autonomous)
_________
good night!":
<?php
$t = date("H");
if ($t < "10") {

echo "Have a good morning!";
} elseif ($t < "20") {
echo "Have a good day!";
} else {
echo "Have a good night!";
}
?>
4.swich case –
The PHP switch Statement
Use the switch statement to select one of many blocks of code to be executed.
Syntax
switch (expression) {
case label1:
//code block
break;
case label2:
//code block;
break;
case label3:
//code block
break;
default:
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(Autonomous)
_________
//code block
}
This is how it works:
The expression is evaluated once
The value of the expression is compared with the values of each case
If there is a match, the associated block of code is executed
The break keyword breaks out of the switch block
The default code block is executed if there is no match

<?php
$favcolor = "red";
switch ($favcolor) {
case "red":
echo "Your favorite color is red!";
break;
case "blue":
echo "Your favorite color is blue!";
break;
case "green":
echo "Your favorite color is green!";

break;
default:
echo "Your favorite color is neither red, blue, nor green!";
}
?>
4 Break : The keyword break ends execution of the current for, for each, while, do
while or switch structure. When the
keyword break executed inside a loop the control automatically passes to the first
Page No: 22 | 36
(Autonomous)
_________
statement outside the loop. A
break is usually associated with the if.
Example :
<?php
for($i=1; $i<=5;$i++)
echo "$i<br/>";
if($i==3)
break;
?>
Output :
2. Continue : It is used to stop processing the current block of code in the loop and
goes to the next iteration. It is used to skip a part of the body of the loop under
certain conditions. It causes the loop to be continued with the next iteration after
skipping any statement in between. The continue statement tells the compiler
”SKIP THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS AND CONTINUE WITH THE
NEXT ITERATION”.
Example :
<?php
for($i=1; $i<=5;$i++)
Page No: 23 | 36
(Autonomous)
_________
if($i==3)
continue;
echo "$i<br/>";
?>
Output :
5
b) Write PHP program to demonstrate database operation using PHP and 6M
MySQL.
Ans Note - Assessor may consider any one database operation from this. Any One
Correct
CREATE – Database
Operation
A database consists of one or more tables. You will need special CREATE privileges to Carries 6 M
create or to delete a MySQL database. (Create,
Select,
− A database is a collection of data. MySQL allows us to store and retrieve the data Insert,
from the database in a efficient way. Update,
Delete)
<?php
if(isset($_POST)) {
$username = "root";
$password = "";
//$dbname = "clg";
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(Autonomous)
_________
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password);
$sql = "CREATE DATABASE clg";
echo "Database created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error creating database: " . $conn->error;
$conn->close();
?>
INSERT –
<?php
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "clg";
if ($conn->connect_error)
Page No: 25 | 36
(Autonomous)
_________
$sql = "SELECT id, firstname, lastname FROM staff";
$result = $conn->query($sql);
if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
// output data of each row
while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
echo "id: " . $row["id"]. " - Name: " . $row["firstname"]. " " . $row["lastname"].
"<br>";
} else {
echo "0 results";
$conn->close();
?>
DELETE-
• Record scan be deleted from a table using the SQL DELETE statement.
• DELETE statement is typically used in conjugation with the WHERE clause to
delete only those records that matches specific criteria or condition.
• SQL query is formed using the DELETE statement and WHERE clause, after that
will be executed by passing this query to the PHP query() function to delete the tables
records.
• For example a student record with a roll no. ‘CO103’ will be deleted by using
DELETE statement and WHERE clause.
• <?php
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "clg";
Page No: 26 | 36
(Autonomous)
_________
$sql = "DELETE FROM staff WHERE id=1";
echo "Record deleted successfully";
} else {
echo "Error deleting record: " . $conn->error;
$conn->close();
?>
INSERT-
After a database and a table have been created, we can start adding data in them.
Here are some syntax rules to follow:
The SQL query must be quoted in PHP
String values inside the SQL query must be quoted
Numeric values must not be quoted
The word NULL must not be quoted
The INSERT INTO statement is used to add new records to a MySQL table:
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...)
VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...)
<?php
Page No: 27 | 36
(Autonomous)
_________
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "clg";
$sql = "INSERT INTO staff (firstname, lastname, email)
VALUES ('John', 'Doe', 'john@example.com')";
echo "New record created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error: " . $sql . "<br>" . $conn->error;
$conn->close();
?>
UPDATE-
Update Data In a MySQL Table Using MySQLi and PDO
The UPDATE statement is used to update existing records in a table:
UPDATE table_name
SET column1=value, column2=value2,...
WHERE some_column=some_value
<?php
$username = "root";
Page No: 28 | 36
(Autonomous)
_________
$password = "";
$dbname = "clg";
$sql = "UPDATE staff SET lastname='technology' WHERE id=1";
echo "Record updated successfully";

}
else
{
echo "Error updating record: " . $conn->error;
}
$conn->close();
}
?>
c) Explain method overriding with example. 6M
Ans In function overriding, both parent and child classes should have same function name and Explanation-
number of arguments. 2 M,
Script- 4 M
It is used to replace the parent method in child class.
The purpose of overriding is to change the behavior of parent class method.
The two methods with the same name and same parameter is called overriding.
Inherited methods can be overridden by redefining the methods (use the same name) in
the child class.
Example-
<?php
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(Autonomous)
_________
class Shape
public $length;
public $width;
public function construct($length, $width) {
$this->length = $length;
$this->width = $width;
public function intro()
echo "The length is {$this->length} and the width is {$this->width}.";
class square extends Shape
public $height;
public function construct($length, $width, $height)
$this->length = $length;
$this->width = $width;
$this->height = $height;
public function intro()
echo "The length is {$this->length}, the width is {$this->width}, the height is {$this-
>height} ";
Page No: 30 | 36
(Autonomous)
_________
}
$s = new square(10,30, 50);
$s->intro();
?>
Output :
The length is 10, the width is 30, the height is 50
6. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12 M
a) Write a PHP program to demonstrate use of cookies. 6M
Ans <html> Correct

<body> logic- 6 M
<?php
$cookie_name = "username";
$cookie_value = "abc";
setcookie($cookie_name, $cookie_value, time() + (86400 * 30), "/"); // 86400 = 1 day
if(!isset($_COOKIE[$cookie_name]))
{
echo "Cookie name '" . $cookie_name . "' is not set!";
}
else {
echo "Cookie '" . $cookie_name . "' is set!<br>";
echo "Value is: " . $_COOKIE[$cookie_name];
}
if(!isset($_COOKIE["user"]))
{
echo "Sorry, cookie is not found!";
} else {
echo "<br/>Cookie Value: " . $_COOKIE["user"];
}
setcookie("user"," ",time()-3600);
echo "Cookie 'user' is deleted.";
?>
Page No: 31 | 36
(Autonomous)
_________
</body>
</html>
b) Explain the following string functions with example: 6M
(i) Str-replace
(ii) Vcwords()
(ii) Strlen()
(iv) Strtoupper()
Ans Note: in sub question (ii) instead of Vcwords() read it as ucwords() Each Correct
1. str_replace()-Replaces some characters in a string (case-sensitive) String
Function
Syntax- Str_replace(string tobe replaced, text, string) Carries-
Example- 1.5 M
<?php
echo str_replace("Clock","Click","Click and Clock");
?>
Output:
Click and Click
2. ucwords()-Convert the first character of each word to uppercase.

Syntax- ucwords(String)
Example- <?php
echo ucwords("welcome to php world");
?>
Output:
Welcome To Php World
3.strlen()-Returns the length of a string

Syntax- Strlen(String)
Example- <?php
echo strlen("Welcome to PHP");
?>
Output: 14
4. strtoupper()-Converts a string to uppercase letters
Syntax - strtoupper(String)
Example-
<?php
echo strtoupper("information technology ");
Page No: 32 | 36
(Autonomous)
_________
Output:
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
c) Explain interface with example. 6M
Ans An Interface allows the users to create programs, specifying the public methods that a Interface
class must implement, without involving the complexities and details of how the explanation -
particular methods are implemented. 3 M,
example-3 M
− An Interface is defined just like a class but with the class keyword replaced by the
interface keyword and just the function prototypes.
− The interface contains no data variables.
− An interface consists of methods that have no implementations, which means the
interface methods are abstract methods.
− All the methods in interfaces must have public visibility scope.
-Interfaces are different from classes as the class can inherit from one class only whereas
the class can implement one or more interfaces.
− Interface enables you to model multiple inheritance
Syntax-1 :
interface (using class along with interface)
class child_class_name extends parent_class_name
implements interface_name1, ..
Example :
Example :
<?php
// Class A i.e. Parent A
class A
public function disp1()
echo "Parent-A <br>";

}
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(Autonomous)
_________
}
// Interface B i.e Parent B
interface B
public function disp2();
class C extends A implements B
function disp2()
echo " Parent-B <br>";
echo "\nChild-C";
$obj = new C();
$obj->disp1();
$obj->disp2();
$obj->disp3();
?>
Output :
Parent-A
Parent-B
Child-C
Page No: 34 | 36
(Autonomous)
_________
Syntax-2 :
Interface (using multiple interface)
class child_class_name implements interface_name1,
interface_name2, ...
Example :
<?php
// interface A i.e. Parent A
interface A
// Interface B i.e Parent B
interface B
class C implements A,B
function disp1()
echo "Parent-A <br>";
function disp2()
echo " Parent-B <br>";
Page No: 35 | 36
(Autonomous)
_________
$obj = new C();
$obj->disp1();
$obj->disp2();
$obj->disp3();
?>
Output :
Parent-A
Parent-B
Child-C
Page No: 36 | 36

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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Q. Sub Answer Marking

1 Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10 M

a) List any four advantages of PHP. 2M

b) State the use of str-word-count along with its syntax. 2M

Ans Use of str_word_count() : Use -1 M

Ans Sr. Session Cookies Any 2

2 It ends when the operator The cookie expires relying on the

3 They are server-side files that They are considered client-side

4 It can hold an unlimited It can only hold a specific piece of

5 Here, we can hold unlimited Here, the utmost size of the

6 To begin the session, we are As cookies are stored in the local

7 Sessions are more secure than Cookies are less secure as

e) List out the database operations. 2M

Ans 1. Create Any 4

Ans <?php Correct

//access array elements using foreach loop

echo "Cookie named 'username' has been deleted.";

2. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 M

a) Explain different loops in PHP. 4M

Ans Type of Loops in PHP Types of

The Do While Loop

For Each structure is a loop structure used for arrays.

Ans Implode function Explode function Any 4

The explode function returns

The first parameter of the implode The first parameter of the

The explode function is used

Ans Definition: Definition-1

$to: specifies receiver or receivers of the mail.

$subject: represents subject of the mail.

$message: represents message of the mail to be sent.

<title>Email Using PHP</title>

$subject = 'Testing PHP Mail';

$message = 'This mail is sent using the PHP mail function';

if( $retvalue == true ) {

echo "Message could not be sent...";

3. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 M

a) Explain Indexed & Associative arrays with suitable example. 4M

Ans 1. Indexed array - Each type

• Syntax - <?php $variable_name[n] = value; -?> OR

<?php -$variable_name = array(n => value, …); -?>

• Example - <?php $course = array(0 => "Computer Engg.",1 => "Information

o 2 => "Electronics and Telecomm."); echo

• Syntax : <?php $variable_name['key_name'] = value;

$variable_name = array('keyname' => value); ?>

b) Explain Constructor with example. 4M

Ans A constructor is a special built-in method. Explanation

d) Explain inserting and retrieving the query result operations. 4M

if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {

4. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 M

a) Write a program to create PDF document in PHP. 4M

Ans <?php Relevant

// Instantiate and use the FPDF class

//Add a new page

// Set the font for the text

// Prints a cell with given text

// return the generated output

Ans Inheritance: Relevant

class derived_class_name extends base_class_name