Ways of Reporting A Speech

BETHLEHEM
SECONDARY SCHOOL
ENGLISH GRADE ELEVEN
TEACHER MADE MATERIAL
BY MR. YAZACHEW ATALAY
SEPTEMBER , 2023
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
.
WAYS OF REPORTING a SPEECH
1)What we report or narrate ?
2)What is speech?
3)What are the ways of narrating (reporting )a
speech?
4)What are the differences between these
ways of narrating a speech?
5)What is back shifting in reporting a
speech?
.
Identify which narration of a speech is
direct and indirect , and why?
1.Alemu said,” I had
learned Amharic.”
2. She said that she had
been learning English.
What we report ?
In the direct and indirect speech
we are always reporting or
narrating the spoken word called
speech.
What is speech ?
• It is generally termed as the
saying of the speaker.
OR
• It is what someone has said.
WHAT ARE THE WAYS OF
NARRATING A SPEECH?
Directly (by repeating the
words spoken (direct
speech)
Indirectly (by reporting
the words spoken (indirect
or reported speech).
Direct speech/ Direct narration
• It is a way of reporting a speech
by giving the original speakers
exact words.
• Direct speech repeats, or quotes,
the exact words spoken.
Characteristics of Direct speech
1) We place the words spoken between inverted
commas ("....")
2) The first letter of the first word of the reporting
sentence begins with a capital letter.
3) A comma is placed after a reporting verbs (ask,
asked, say, said, etc.)When coming at the
beginning to be separated from the reporting
sentence/ the speech.
4) No need of using that.
5) There are no any changes.
6) The reporting verb may be placed either before or
after the speech.
Examples
Bereket said, ”He is clever.”
"There's a fly in my soup!"
screamed Simone.
John said, "There's an
elephant outside the window."
1.
2. Reported Speech/ Indirect speech

/Indirect narration
It is an indirect narration by giving
not the exact speech but the only the
substance of what has been said.
Reported speech is usually used to
talk about the past, so we normally
change the tense of the words spoken.
Characteristics of reported speech
Inverted commas are not used.
Use the word 'that' to introduce the
reported words.
There are different changes. (Adverb
change, pronoun change, tense change,
demonstrative adjective changes).
Examples
She said, "I saw him."
• She said that she had seen him .
He said, “I saw her in this library
here today.”
• He said that he had seen her in
that library there that day.
What is back shifting ?
when we report things in the past, we
usually change the tense by moving it
one step back. It is called back shifting.
Example
Direct speech: "I have a new car. "
Indirect speech: He said that he had a new
car.
.
Things to be changed in the
reported speech
1. Adverb change
2. Demonstrative adjective change
3. Tense change
4. pronoun change
.
1. Demonstrative adjective change
Direct speech Reported speech
• This __________________That
• These __________________ Those
Example
1. She said, "I'm getting a new car
this week"
 She said that she was getting a
new car that week.
2. "Do you like this shirt? ”He
asked.
 He asked if I liked that shirt.
.
2. Adverb change
Direct speech Reported speech
 Today_______________________ that day
 Yesterday _________ the day before /the previous day
 Ago ________________before
 Last week ________ the week before/the previous week
 Next week ________the following week
 Tomorrow--------------------------the following day
 Here -------------------------------there
 Tonight ----------------------------that night
 The day before yesterday _______two days before
 The day after tomorrow _________ in two days’ time/
two days later.
 Now ________________________ then
Examples
1.She said, "I saw him today. "
• She said that she had seen him that day.
2. She said, "I saw him yesterday.”
• She said that she had seen him the day before.
3. He said, "I'll see you tomorrow ."
• He said that he would see me the next day.
4. "We'll come the day after tomorrow ", they said.
• They said that they would come in two days‟
time/ two days later.
.
5. "I have an appointment next week ", she
said.
• She said that she had an appointment the
following week.
6. "I was on holiday last week ", he told us.
• He told us that he had been on holiday the
previous week.
7. "I saw her a week ago, “he said.
• He said he had seen her a week before.
8. He said, "I live here ".
• He told me that he lived there.
3. TENSE CHANGE
.
Direct speech reported speech
1. Present simple-________________past simple
2. Present continuous tense ________-past continuous
3. Simple past tense _______________past perfect
4. Past simple continuous ______ past perfect continuous
5. Present perfect _____________ past perfect
6. Present perfect continuous ____ past perfect continuous
7. Past perfect ________________Past perfect
8. Past perfect continuous ___ past perfect continuous (
had+ been + v-ing )
9. Simple future ________ present conditional
(would/should+v1)
10.Future continuous _____would /should +be +v-ing
Example
1."I always drink coffee", she said
• She said that she always drank coffee.
2."I am reading a book", he explained.
• He explained that he was reading a book
3. "Bill arrived on Saturday", he said.
• He said that Bill had arrived on Saturday
4. "I have been to Spain", he told me.
• He told me that he had been to Spain
5. "I had just turned out .the light," he explained.
• He explained that he had just turned out the
light.
6. "We were living in Paris", they told me.
• They told me that they had been living in Paris.
7. "I will be in Geneva on Monday", he said
• He said that he would be in Geneva on Monday.
8. She said, "I'll be using the car next Friday".
• She said that she would be using the car next
Friday.
OTHER CHANGES IN REPORTED SPEECH
1) reporting verb in the simple present tense,
present perfect tense and simple future
2) if the original statement was about something
that is still true
3) Yes / no questions
4) Question words
5) Orders
6) Requests
7) Suggestions
8) Hopes, Intentions or Promises
Examples
Change these direct speeches in to
reported speech.
1. She asked, "Is it raining?”
2. "How old is your mother?” he asked.
3."Get out of the car!" said the policeman.
4."Can I have the newspaper, please?“
5.The dentist said, "I think you should use a
different toothbrush".
6.He said, "I'll be back by lunchtime."
.
A. You do not need to change

the tense if :
the reporting verb is in the
simple present tense, present
perfect tense or simple future.
if the original statement was
about something that is still
true.
Example
He says “he has missed the train”
• He says that he has missed the train.
“I will help you,” she has said.
• She has said that she will help me.
She said „The world is round.”
• She said that the world is
round.
.
B. Yes / no questions
This type of question is reported
by using 'ask' + 'if / whether +
clause.
Example
"Do you speak English?"
He asked me if I spoke English.
.
C. Question words
• This type of question is reported by
using 'ask' (or another verb) +
question word + clause. The clause
contains the question.
• Examples
"What is your name?" he asked me.
He asked me what my name was.
.
D. Orders, Requests, Suggestions
I.When we want to report an order, we
can use a verb like:
(command, order, warn, told, ask,
invite, beg, teach, forbid + object + to
+v1)
• Examples
The doctor said to me, "Stop
smoking!".
The doctor told me to stop smoking.
.
II. Requests for objects are
reported using the pattern ask +
for + object:
Examples
"Can I have an apple?“ she asked.
• She asked for an apple.
.
III. Suggestions are usually reported
with a that-clause and using suggest ,
insist, recommend, demand, request, and
propose.
Examples
She said: "Why don't you get a
mechanic to look at the car?"
She suggested that I should get a
mechanic to look at the car.
.
E. Hopes, Intentions and Promises
When we report an intention, hope
or promise, we use an appropriate
reporting verb followed by a that-
clause or a to-infinitive and using
hope, propose, threaten, guarantee,
and swear.
EXAMPLE
"I'll pay you the money
tomorrow."
He promised to pay me the
money the next day. OR
• He promised that he would pay
me the money the next day.

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BETHLEHEM

ENGLISH GRADE ELEVEN

TEACHER MADE MATERIAL

BY MR. YAZACHEW ATALAY

2. Reported Speech/ Indirect speech

A. You do not need to change

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