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CFD (Solution Algorithms: 3.1 N-S Equations

1. The document discusses solution algorithms for solving the Navier-Stokes equations numerically using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). 2. It describes the PISO and SIMPLE algorithms, which are commonly used to solve the equations by iterating between solving for velocity and pressure until the fields converge. 3. It also covers setting up initial and boundary conditions, discretizing the equations onto a mesh, and the full workflow of building a CFD model from defining geometry to postprocessing results.

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44 views

CFD (Solution Algorithms: 3.1 N-S Equations

1. The document discusses solution algorithms for solving the Navier-Stokes equations numerically using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). 2. It describes the PISO and SIMPLE algorithms, which are commonly used to solve the equations by iterating between solving for velocity and pressure until the fields converge. 3. It also covers setting up initial and boundary conditions, discretizing the equations onto a mesh, and the full workflow of building a CFD model from defining geometry to postprocessing results.

Uploaded by

phicau87
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CFD { Solution Algorithms

SOE3213/4: CFD Lecture 3

3.1

N-S Equations

r:u = 0 1 @p @ux + r:(uux ) = +  r2 ux @t  @x


@uy 1 @p + r:(uuy ) = +  r2 uy @t  @y @uz 1 @p + r:(uuz ) = +  r2 uz @t  @z
1 @p  @x

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Transport equation form, with source

Two main problems 1. The equation is non-linear 2. The source term involves p NSE  3 equations for 4 variables, +1 constraint equation.

    

Need p to nd u, need u to nd p Equations solved sequentially Iterate until all elds correct

Several di erent approaches used to solve these equations. 2 main ones : PISO { Pressure Implicit Splitting of Operators { for time dependent ows SIMPLE { Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations { used for steady state problems

3.2

PISO

 

Eqn (2) if we know p, ux, can nd ux . Eqns (2{4), (1) combined 3 equation for p given the ux :

r: A rp 
Flux has to satisfy continuity (1)

= ( ux term)

PISO algorithm as follows : 1. Guess p, ux (values from previous timestep) 2. Use equation (2) to nd ux , uy etc. 3. Solve pressure equation for p 4. Correct ux to satisfy continuity
Start

Guess p, flux (values from previous timestep)

Use equation (3) to find ux, uy, uz

Solve pressure equation to get p

Correct flux to satisfy continuity

Next timestep? N

3.3

SIMPLE

Could iterate PISO until steady-state. More usual to use SIMPLE. 2

r:u = 0 1 @p r:(uux ) =  @x +  r2 ux
1 @p r:(uuy ) =  @y +  r2 uy 1 @p r:(uuz ) =  @z +  r2 uz (5)

1. Guess an initial pressure eld p 2. Use equation (5) to create a velocity eld u from this pressure eld 3. Find a correction pH to the pressure eld

p = p + pH
4. Correct the velocity ( ux) to obey continuity. In theory, p and u should now be the desired solution. In practice, it is necessary to repeat this procedure as an iterative process. If new solution p , u adopted at each step 3 algorithm becomes unstable. Thus, use underrelaxation : 5. Underrelax solution

pn+1 = p + (1 )pn is underrelaxation parameter. At each step of the iteration, the error in the solution (the residual) should decrease { residuals for all variables should be monitored to ensure this.

Start

Guess p *

Find u* from momentum eqn.

Find pressure correction p Find flux correction

Correct fields p**= p* + p

Update fields (underrelaxation)

Tolerance achieved? y

3.4

Initial/Boundary Conditions

Initial condition { state of p and u at all points in the ow.

       

most uid ow problems parabolic or hyperbolic part on initial conditions

3 solution depends in

specify known values for p and u, or make sensible guess may need to timestep until the e ect of the I.C. absent Steady viscous ows { elliptic however methods parabolic { need starting conditions

Boundary conditions { largely specify what the solution will be 3 main types of b.c. { walls, inlets, outlets Walls { u = 0 parallel to the wall (unless the wall is moving in which case the uid will share the motion) Fluid inlet { specify u. Fluid outlet { specify p

N.B. If b.c. incorrectly speci ed, problem becomes ill posed { no solution possible. 4

3.5

Full solution { recap

   

Build mathematical model of the problem

{ (NSE, turbulence, combustion. . .


Discretise the equations on a mesh

{ converts mathematical model to di erence equations


Solve the discretised equations

{ inverting discretised matrix equation { NSE nonlinear, 3 PISO and SIMPLE


Analyse the results

{ check results make sense physically, { check numerical solution, eg. mesh independence { process data to extract information
Using commercial code :

       

De ne the geometry Generate the mesh Switch on physical models Specify physical constants Specify boundary/initial conditions Specify numerical parameters Run the solver Postprocess results

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