Bhupendra Jogi
Bhupendra Jogi
Bhupendra Jogi
1
Question 1:
Identify the terms, their coefficients for each of the following expressions:
(i) 5xyz 2 3zy (ii) 1 x x2
(iii) 4 x2 y 2 4 x2 y 2 z 2 z 2 (iv) 3 pq qr rp
x y
(v) xy (vi) 0.3a 0.6ab 0.5b
2 2
Answer 1:
(i) Terms: 5xyz 2 and 3zy
Coefficient in 5xyz 2 is 5 and in 3zy is 3.
(ii) Terms: 1, x and x 2 .
Coefficient of x and coefficient of x 2 is 1.
(iii) Terms: 4 x2 y 2 , 4 x 2 y 2 z 2 and z 2 .
Coefficient in 4x2 y 2 is 4, coefficient of 4x 2 y 2 z 2 is 4 and coefficient of z 2
is 1.
(iv) Terms: 3, pq, qr and rp
Coefficient of pq is 1, coefficient of qr is 1 and coefficient of rp is 1.
x y
(v) Terms: , and xy
2 2
x 1 y 1
Coefficient of is , coefficient of is and coefficient of xy is 1.
2 2 2 2
(vi) Terms: 0.3a, 0.6ab and 0.5b
Coefficient of 0.3a is 0.3, coefficient of 0.6ab is 0.6 and coefficient of
0.5b is 0.5.
Question 2:
Classify the following polynomials as monomials, binomials, trinomials. Which
polynomials do not fit in any of these three categories:
x y, 1000, x x2 x3 x4 , 7 y 5 x, 2 y 3 y 2 , 2 y 3 y 2 4 y 3 , 5 x 4 y 3xy,
4 z 15 2 , , pqr, p 2 q pq 2 , 2 p 2q
1
Answer 2:
(i) Since x y contains two terms. Therefore it is binomial.
(ii) Since 1000 contains one terms. Therefore it is monomial.
(iii) Since x x 2 x3 x 4 contains four terms. Therefore it is a polynomial and
it does not fit in above three categories.
(iv) Since 7 y 5 x contains three terms. Therefore it is trinomial.
(v) Since 2 y 3 y 2 contains two terms. Therefore it is binomial.
(vi) Since 2 y 3 y 2 4 y 3 contains three terms. Therefore it is trinomial.
(vii) Since 5 x 4 y 3xy contains three terms. Therefore it is trinomial.
(viii) Since 4 x 15 z 2 contains two terms. Therefore it is binomial.
(ix) Since ab bc cd da contains four terms. Therefore it is a polynomial
and it does not fit in above three categories.
(x) Since pqr contains one terms. Therefore it is monomial.
(xi) Since p 2 q pq 2 contains two terms. Therefore it is binomial.
(xii) Since 2 p 2q contains two terms. Therefore it is binomial.
Question 3:
Add the following:
(i) ab bc, bc ca, ca ab
(ii) a b ab, b c bc, c a ac
(iii) 2 p 2 q 2 3 pq 4,5 7 pq 3 p 2 q 2
(iv) l 2 m2 , m2 n2 , n2 l 2 2lm 2mn 2nl
Answer 3:
(i) ab bc, bc ca, ca ab (ii) a b ab, b c bc, c a ac
ab bc a b ab
bc ca b c bc
ab ca a c ac
0+0+ 0 0 0 ab 0 bc ac
Hence the sum is 0. Hence the sum is ab bc ac.
2
(iii) 2 p 2 q 2 3 pq 4,5 7 pq 3 p 2 q 2 (iv) l 2 m2 , m2 n2 , n2 l 2 , 2lm 2mn 2nl
2 p 2 q 2 3 pq 4 l 2 m2
3 p 2 q 2 7 pq 5 m2 n2
l 2
n2
2lm 2 mn 2 nl
p 2 q 2 4 pq 9
2l 2m 2n 2lm 2mn 2nl
2 2 2
Question 4:
(a) Subtract 4a 7ab 3b 12 from 12a 9ab 5b 3.
(b) Subtract 3 xy 5 yz 7 zx from 5 xy 2 yz 2 zx 10 xyz.
(c) Subtract 4 p2 q 3 pq 5 pq2 8 p 7q 10 from 18 3 p 11q 5 pq 2 pq 2 5 p 2 q.
Answer 4:
(a) (b)
12a 9ab 5b 3 5 xy 2 yz 2 zx 10 xyz
4a 7ab 3b 12 3 xy 5 yz 7 zx
8a 2ab 2b 15 2 xy 7 yz 5 zx 10 xyz
(c)
5 p 2 q 2 pq 2 5 pq 11q 3 p 18
4 p 2 q 5 pq 2 3 pq 7q 8 p 10
p 2 q 7 pq 2 8 pq 18q 5 p 28
3
Exercise 9.2
Question 1:
Find the product of the following pairs of monomials:
(i) 4, 7 p (ii) 4 p, 7 p (iii) 4 p, 7 pq
(iv) 4 p3 , 3 p (iv) 4 p , 0
Answer 1:
(i) 4 7 p = 4 7 p = 28 p
(ii) 4 p 7 p = 4 7 p p = 28 p 2
(iii) 4 p 7 pq = 4 7 p pq = 28 p 2 q
(iv) 4 p3 3 p = 4 3 p3 p = 12 p 4
(v) 4 p 0 = 4 0 p = 0
Question 2:
Find the areas of rectangles with the following pairs of monomials as their lengths and
breadths respectively:
p, q ; 10m,5n ; 20 x ,5 y ; 4 x,3x ; 3mn, 4np
2 2 2
Answer 2:
(i) Area of rectangle = length x breadth
= p q pq sq. units
(ii) Area of rectangle = length x breadth
= 10m 5n 10 5 m n = 50mn sq. units
(iii) Area of rectangle = length x breadth
= 20 x 2 5 y 2 20 5 x 2 y 2 = 100x2 y 2 sq. units
(iv) Area of rectangle = length x breadth
= 4 x 3x 2 4 3 x x 2 = 12x 3 sq. units
(v) Area of rectangle = length x breadth
= 3mn 4np 3 4 mn np = 12mn2 p sq. units
1
Question 3:
Complete the table of products:
First monomial
2x 5 y 3x 2 4xy 7x2 y 9x2 y 2
Second monomial
2x 4x 2 ….. ….. ….. ….. …..
5 y ….. ….. 15x 2 y ….. ….. …..
3x 2 ….. ….. ….. ….. ….. …..
4xy ….. ….. ….. ….. ….. …..
7x2 y ….. ….. ….. ….. ….. …..
9x2 y 2 ….. ….. ….. ….. ….. …..
Answer 3:
First monomial
2x 5 y 3x 2 4xy 7x2 y 9x2 y 2
Second monomial
2x 4x 2 10xy 6x 3 8x2 y 14x3 y 18x3 y 2
5 y 10xy 25y 2 15x 2 y 20xy 2 35x 2 y 2 45x 2 y 3
Question 4:
Obtain the volume of rectangular boxes with the following length, breadth and height
respectively:
(i) 5a,3a 2 7a 4 (ii) 2 p, 4q,8r
(iii) xy, 2 x 2 y, 2 xy 2 (iv) a, 2b,3c
2
Answer 4:
(i) Volume of rectangular box = length x breadth x height
= 5a 3a 2 7a 4 5 3 7 a a 2 a 4
= 105a 7 cubic units
(ii) Volume of rectangular box = length x breadth x height
= 2 p 4q 8r 2 4 8 p q r
= 64 pqr cubic units
(iii) Volume of rectangular box = length x breadth x height
= xy 2 x 2 y 2 xy 2 1 2 2 x x 2 x y y y 2
= 4x4 y 4 cubic units
(iv) Volume of rectangular box = length x breadth x height
= a 2b 3c 1 2 3 a b c = 6abc cubic units
Question 5:
Obtain the product of:
(i) xy, yz, zx (ii) a, a 2 , a 3
(iii) 2, 4 y,8 y 2 ,16 y3 (iv) a, 2b,3c, 6abc
(v) m, mn, mnp
Answer 5:
(i) xy yz zx x x y y z z = x 2 y 2 z 2
(ii) a a 2 a3 = 1 a a 2 a 3 = a 6
(iii) 2 4 y 8 y 2 16 y 3 2 4 8 16 y y 2 y 3 = 1024y 6
(iv) a 2b 3c 6abc 1 2 3 6 a b c abc = 36a 2b 2 c 2
(v) m mn mnp 1 m m m n n p = m3n2 p
3
Exercise 9.3
Question 1:
Carry out the multiplication of the expressions in each of the following pairs:
(i) 4 p, q r (ii) ab, a b
(iii) a b, 7a 2b2 (iv) a 2 9, 4a
(v) pq qr rp, 0
Answer 1:
(i) 4 p q r 4 p q 4 p r
= 4 pq 4 pr
(ii) ab a b ab a ab b
= a 2b ab 2
(iii) a b 7 a 2 b 2 a 7 a 2 b 2 b 7 a 2b 2
= 7 a 3b 2 7 a 2 b 3
(iv) a 2
9 4 a a 2 4a 4a 9
= 4a 3 36a
(v) pq qr rp 0 = pq 0 qr 0 rp 0
=0+0+0=0
Question 2:
Complete the table:
First expression Second expression Product
(i) a bcd …..
(ii) x y 5 5xy …..
(iii) p 6 p2 7 p 5 …..
(iv) 4 p2q2 p2 q2 …..
(v) abc abc …..
1
Answer 2:
First expression Second expression Product
(i) a bcd a b c d
= a b a c a d
= ab ac ad
(ii) x y 5 5xy 5 xy x y 5
= 5 xy x 5 xy y 5 xy 5
= 5x 2 y 5xy 2 25xy
(iii) p 6 p2 7 p 5 p 6 p 2 7 p 5
= p 6 p2 p 7 p p 5
= 6 p3 7 p 2 5 p
Question 3:
Find the product:
2 9 2 2
(i) a 2a 4a
2 22 26
(ii) xy
3 10
x y
10 3 6 3
(iii) pq p q (iv) x x 2 x3 x 4
3 5
2
Answer 3:
(i) a 2a 4a 2 4 a
2 22 26 2
a 22 a 26
= 8 a 2 22 26 8a 50
2 9 2 2 2 9
(ii) xy x y = x x2 y y 2
3 10 3 10
3 3 3
= x y
5
10 3 6 3 10 6
(iii) pq p q = p p3 q3 q
3 5 3 5
= 4 p 4 q 4
(iv) x x 2 x 3 x 4 x1 2 3 4 = x10
Question 4:
1
(a) Simplify: 3 x 4 x 5 3 and find values for (i) x 3 (ii) x .
2
(b) Simplify: a a 2 a 1 5 and find its value for (i) a 0 (ii) a 1 (iii) a 1.
Answer 4:
(a) 3 x 4 x 5 3 3 x 4 x 3 x 5 3 = 12 x 2 15 x 3
For x 3, 12 x 2 15 x 3 = 12 3 15 3 3
2
(i)
= 12 x 9 – 45 + 3 = 108 – 45 + 3 = 66
2
1 1 1 1 15
(ii) For x , 12 x 2 15 x 3 = 12 15 3 = 12 3
2 2 2 4 2
15 12 15 3
= 6
2 2 2
(b) a a a 1 5 a a a a a 1 5 = a a a 5
2 2 3 2
For a 0, a 3 a 2 a 5 = 0 0 0 5
3 2
(i)
=0+0+0+5=5
For a 1, a a a 5 = 1 1 1 5
3 2
(ii) 3 2
=1+1+1+5=8
3
For a 1, a 3 a 2 a 5 = 1 1 1 5
3 2
(iii)
= 1 1 1 5 = 2 6 = 4
Question 5:
(a) Add: p p q , q q r and r r p .
(b) Add: 2x z x y and 2 y z y zx .
(c) Subtract: 3l l 4m 5n from 4l 10n 3m 2l .
(d) Subtract: 3a a b c 2b a b c from 4c a b c .
Answer 5:
(a) p p q q q r r r p = p 2 pq q 2 qr r 2 rp
= p 2 q 2 r 2 pq qr rp
(b) 2 x z x y 2 y z y x = 2 xz 2 x 2 2 xy 2 yz 2 y 2 2 xy
= 2 xz 2 xy 2 xy 2 yz 2 x 2 2 y 2
= 2 x 2 2 y 2 4 xy 2 yz 2 zx
(c) 4l 10n 3m 2l 3l l 4m 5n = 40ln 12lm 8l 2 3l 2 12lm 15ln
= 8l 2 3l 2 12lm 12lm 40ln 15ln
= 5l 2 25ln
(d) 4c a b c 3a a b c 2b a b c
= 4ac 4bc 4c 2 3a 2 3ab 3ac 2ab 2b 2 2bc
= 4ac 4bc 4c 2 3a 2 2b 2 3ab 2bc 3ac 2ab
= 4ac 4bc 4c 2 3a 2 2b2 ab 3ac 2bc
= 4ac 4bc 4c 2 3a 2 2b 2 ab 3ac 2bc
= 3a 2 2b 2 4c 2 ab 4bc 2bc 4ac 3ac
= 3a 2 2b 2 4c 2 ab 6bc 7ac
4
Exercise 9.4
Question 1:
Multiply the binomials:
(i) 2 x 5 and 4 x 3
(ii) y 8 and 3 y 4
(iii) 2.5l 0.5m and 2.5l 0.5m
(iv) a 3b and x 5
(v) 2 pq 3q and 3 pq 2q
2 2
3 2 2 2 2 2
(vi) a 3b and 4 a b
4 3
Answer 1:
(i) 2 x 5 4 x 3 2 x 4 x 3 5 4 x 3
= 2x 4x 2x 3 5 4x 5 3
= 8 x 2 6 x 20 x 15
= 8 x 2 14 x 15
(ii) y 8 3 y 4 y 3 y 4 8 3 y 4
= y 3 y y 4 8 3 y 8 4
= 3 y 2 4 y 24 y 12
= 3 y 2 28 y 12
(iii) 2.5l 0.5m 2.5l 0.5m 2.5l 2.5l 0.5m 0.5m 2.5l 0.5m
= 2.5l 2.5l 0.5l 0.5m 0.5m 2.5l 0.5m 0.5m
= 6.25l 2 1.25lm 1.25lm 0.25m 2
= 6.25l 2 0.25m2
(iv) a 3b x 5 a x 5 3b x 5
= a x a 5 3b x 3b 5
= ax 5a 3bx 15b
(v) 2 pq 3q 3 pq 2q = 2 pq 3 pq 2q 3q 3 pq 2q
2 2 2 2 2
= 2 pq 3 pq 2 pq 2q 2 3q 2 3 pq 3q 2 2q 2
= 6 p 2 q 2 4 pq3 9 pq3 6q 4
= 6 p 2 q 2 5 pq3 6q 4
1
3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 8 2
(vi) a 3b 4 a b a 3b 4a b
2
4 3 4 3
3 8 8
a 2 4a 2 b 2 3b 2 4a 2 b 2
4 3 3
3 2 3 8 8
= a 4a 2 a 2 b2 3b2 4a 2 3b2 b2
4 4 3 3
= 3a 2a b 12a b 8b
4 2 2 2 2 4
= 3a 4 10a 2b 2 8b 4
Question 2:
Find the product:
(i) 5 2 x 3 x (ii) x 7 y 7 x y
(iii) a 2
b a b 2 (iv) p2 q2 2 p q
Answer 2:
(i) 5 2 x 3 x 5 3 x 2 x 3 x = 5 3 5 x 2x 3 2x x
= 15 5 x 6 x 2 x 2 = 15 x 2 x 2
(ii) x 7 y 7 x y x 7 x y 7 y 7 x y
= x 7x x y 7 y 7x 7 y y
= 7 x 2 xy 49 xy 7 y 2
= 7 x 2 48 xy 7 y 2
(iii) a 2
b a b2 a 2 a b 2 b a b 2
= a 2 a a 2 b2 b a b b2
= a 3 a 2b 2 ab b3
(iv) p 2
q2 2 p q p2 2 p q q2 2 p q
= p2 2 p p2 q q2 2 p q2 q
= 2 p3 p 2 q 2 pq 2 q3
2
Question 3:
Simplify:
(i) x 5 x 5 25
2
(ii) a 5 b 3 5
2 2
(iii) t s t s
2 2
(iv) a b c d a b c d 2 ac bd
(v) x y 2 x y x 2 y x y
(vi) x y x2 xy y 2
(vii) 1.5 x 4 y 1.5 x 4 y 3 4.5 x 12 y
(viii) a b c a b c
Answer 3:
(i) x 2
5 x 5 25 x 2 x 5 5 x 5 25
= x 2 x x 2 5 5 x 5 5 25
= x3 5 x 2 5 x 25 25
= x3 5 x 2 5 x
(ii) a 2
5 b3 3 5 a 2 b3 3 5 b3 3 5
= a 2 b3 a 2 3 5 b3 5 3 5
= a 2b3 3a 2 5b3 15 5
= a 2b3 3a 2 5b3 20
(iii) t s t 2 2
s t t 2 s s 2 t 2 s
= t t 2 t s s2 t 2 s2 s
= t 3 st s 2t 2 s 3
(iv) a b c d a b c d 2 ac bd
a c d b c d a c d b c d 2ac 2bd
= ac ad bc bd ac ad bc bd 2ac 2bd
= ac ac ad ad bc bc bd bd 2ac 2bd
= 2ac 2bd 2ac 2bd
= 4ac
3
(v) x y 2 x y x 2 y x y x 2 x y y 2 x y x x y 2 y x y
= 2 x2 xy 2 xy y 2 x2 xy 2 xy 2 y 2
= 2 x2 x2 xy 2 xy xy 2 xy y 2 2 y 2
= 3x2 4 xy y 2
(vi) x y x2 xy y 2 x x 2 xy y 2 y x 2 xy y 2
= x3 x2 y xy 2 x2 y xy 2 y3
= x3 x2 y x2 y xy 2 xy 2 y3
= x3 y 3
(vii) 1.5 x 4 y 1.5 x 4 y 3 4.5 x 12 y
1.5 x 1.5 x 4 y 3 4 y 1.5 x 4 y 3 4.5 x 12 y
= 2.25x2 6.0 xy 4.5x 6.0 xy 16 y 2 12 y 4.5x 12 y
= 2.25x2 6.0 xy 6.0 xy 4.5x 4.5x 16 y 2 12 y 12 y
= 2.25 x 2 16 y 2
(viii) a b c a b c a a b c b a b c c a b c
= a 2 ab ac ab b 2 bc ac bc c 2
= a 2 ab ab ac ac bc bc b 2 c 2
= a 2 b 2 c 2 2ab
4
Exercise 9.5
Question 1:
Use a suitable identity to get each of the following products:
(i) x 3 x 3 (ii) 2 y 5 2 y 5
1 1
(iii) 2a 7 2a 7 (iv) 3a 3a
2 2
(v) 1.1m 0.4 1.1m 0.4 (vi) a 2
b 2 a 2 b2
(vii) 6 x 7 6 x 7 (viii) a c a c
x 3y x 3y
(ix) (x) 7a 9b 7a 9b
2 4 2 4
Answer 1:
x 3 x 3 x 3
2
(i)
x 2 x 3 3 [Using identity a b a 2 2ab b2 ]
2 2 2
= x2 6 x 9
2 y 5 2 y 5 2 y 5
2
(ii)
= 2 y 2 2 y 5 5 [Using identity a b a 2 2ab b2 ]
2 2 2
= 4 y 2 20 y 25
2a 7 2a 7 2a 7
2
(iii)
= 2a 2 2 a 7 7 [Using identity a b a 2 2ab b2 ]
2 2 2
= 4a 2 28a 49
2
1 1 1
(iv) 3a 3a 3a
2 2 2
2
1 1
= 3a 2 3a [Using identity a b a 2 2ab b2 ]
2 2
2 2
1
= 9a 2 3a
4
1.1m 0.41.1m 0.4 1.1m 0.4
2 2
(v)
Using identity a b a b a 2 b 2 ]
1
= 1.21m 2 0.16
(vi) a 2
b2 a 2 b2 b2 a 2 b2 a 2
= b2 a 2
2 2
[Using identity a b a b a 2 b 2 ]
= b4 a4
6 x 7 6 x 7 6 x 7 [Using identity a b a b a 2 b 2 ]
2 2
(vii)
= 36 x 2 49
a c a c c a c a c a
2
(viii)
= c 2 c a a
2 2
= c 2 2ca a 2
2
x 3 y x 3 y x 3 y
(ix)
2 4 2 4 2 4
2 2
x x 3y 3y
= 2
2 2 4 4
x2 3 9
= xy y 2
4 4 16
7a 9b 7a 9b 7a 9b
2
(x)
= 7a 2 7a 9b 9b
2 2
2
Question 2:
Use the identity x a x b x 2 a b x ab to find the following products:
(i) x 3 x 7 (ii) 4 x 5 4 x 1
(iii) 4 x 5 4 x 1 (iv) 4 x 5 4 x 1
(v) 2 x 5 y 2 x 3 y (vi) 2a 2
9 2a 2 5
(vii) xyz 4 xyz 2
Answer 2:
x 3 x 7 x 3 7 x 3 7
2
(i)
[Using identity x a x b x 2 a b x ab ]
= x 2 10 x 21
4 x 5 4 x 1 4 x 5 1 4 x 5 1
2
(ii)
[Using identity x a x b x 2 a b x ab ]
= 16 x 2 6 4 x 5 16 x 2 24 x 5
3
2a 9 2a 2 5 2a 2 9 5 2a 2 9 5
2
(vi) 2
[Using identity x a x b x 2 a b x ab ]
= 4a 4 14 2a 2 45
= 4a 4 28a 2 45
xyz 4 xyz 2 xyz 4 2 xyz 4 2
2
(vii)
[Using identity x a x b x 2 a b x ab ]
= x2 y 2 z 2 6 xyz 8
Question 3:
Find the following squares by using identities:
b 7 xy 3z 6x 5y
2 2 2
(i) (ii) (iii) 2
2
2 3
m n 0.4 p 0.5q 2 xy 5 y
2 2
(iv) (v) (vi)
3 2
Answer 3:
b 7 b 2 b 7 7 [Using identity a b a 2 2ab b2 ]
2 2 2 2
(i)
= b 2 14b 49
6x 5 y 6x2 2 6x2 5 y 5 y
2 2 2
(iii) 2
= 36 x4 60 x2 y 25 y 2
2 2 2
2 3 2 2 3 3
(iv) m n m 2 m n n
3 2 3 3 2 2
[Using identity a b a 2 2ab b2 ]
2
4
4 2 9
= m 2mn n2
9 4
2 xy 5 y 2 xy 2 2 xy 5 y 5 y
2 2 2
(vi)
[Using identity a b a 2 2ab b2 ]
2
= 4 x 2 y 2 20 xy 2 25 y 2
Question 4:
Simplify:
a b2
2
(i) 2
2 x 5 2 x 5
2 2
(ii)
7m 8n 7m 8n
2 2
(iii)
4m 5n 5m 4n
2 2
(iv)
ab bc 2ab2c
2
(vi)
m n2 m 2m3n2
2
(vii) 2
Answer 4:
a b2 a 2 2 a 2 b2 b2 [Using identity a b a 2 2ab b2 ]
2 2 2 2
(i) 2
= a 4 2a 2 b 2 b 4
2 x 5 2 x 5 2 x 2 2 x 5 5 2 x 2 2 x 5 5
2 2 2 2 2 2
(ii)
[Using identities a b a 2 2ab b2 and a b a 2 2ab b2 ]
2 2
= 4 x 2 20 x 25 4 x 2 20 x 25
5
= 4 x 2 20 x 25 4 x 2 20 x 25
= 40x
(iii)
7m 8n 7m 8n 7m 2 7m 8n 8n 7m 2 7m 8n 8n
2 2 2 2 2 2
[Using identities a b a 2 2ab b2 and a b a 2 2ab b2 ]
2 2
(iv) 4m 5n 5m 4n 4m 2 4m 5n 5n 5m 2 5m 4n 4n
2 2 2 2 2 2
ab bc 2ab2c ab 2 ab bc bc 2ab 2c
2 2 2
(vi)
[Using identity a b a 2 2ab b2 ]
2
= a 2b 2 2ab 2 c b 2 c 2 2ab 2 c
= a 2b 2 b 2 c 2
6
m n2 m 2m3n2 = m2 2 m2 n2 m n2 m 2m3n2
2 2 2
(vii) 2
= m 4 2 m 3 n 2 n 4 m 2 2m 3 n 2
= m4 n4 m2
Question 5:
Show that:
3x 7 84 x 3x 7
2 2
(i)
9 p 5q 180 pq 9 p 5q
2 2
(ii)
2
4 3 16 2 9 2
(iii) m n 2mn m n
3 4 9 16
4 pq 3q 4 pq 3q 48 pq 2
2 2
(iv)
(v) a b a b b c b c c a c a 0
Answer 5:
L.H.S. = 3x 7 84 x 3x 2 3x 7 7 84 x
2 2 2
(i)
= 9 x 2 42 x 49 84 x
= 9 x 2 42 x 49
= 3x 7 a b a 2 2ab b2 ]
2 2
[
= R.H.S.
= 81 p 2 90 pq 25q 2 180 pq
= 81 p 2 90 pq 25q 2
= 9 p 5q a b a 2 2ab b2 ]
2 2
[
7
2 2 2
4 3 4 4 3 3
(iii) L.H.S. = m n 2mn m 2 m n n 2mn
3 4 3 3 4 4
[Using identity a b a 2 2ab b2 ]
2
16 2 9
= m 2mn n2 2mn
9 16
16 2 9 2
= m n
9 16
= R.H.S.
L.H.S. = 4 pq 3q 4 pq 3q
2 2
(iv)
= 4 pq 2 4 pq 3q 3q 4 pq 2 4 pq 3q 3q
2 2 2 2
[Using identities a b a 2 2ab b2 and a b a 2 2ab b2 ]
2 2
= 16 p 2 q 2 24 pq 2 9q 2 16 p 2 q 2 24 pq 2 9q 2
= 16 p 2 q 2 24 pq 2 9q 2 16 p 2 q 2 24 pq 2 9q 2
= 48 pq 2
= R.H.S.
(v) L.H.S. = a b a b b c b c c a c a
= a 2 b2 b2 c2 c2 a 2 [Using identity a b a b a 2 b 2 ]
=0
= R.H.S.
Question 6:
Using identities, evaluate:
(i) 712 (ii) 99 2 (iii) 102 2
(iv) 9982 (v) 5.2 2 (vi) 297 303
(vii) 78 82 (viii) 8.9 2 (ix) 1.05 9.5
8
Answer 6:
712 70 1 70 2 70 1 1
2 2 2
(i)
[Using identity a b a 2 2ab b2 ]
2
78 x 82 = (80 – 2) x (80 + 2) = 80 2
2 2
(vii)
[Using identity a b a b a 2 b 2 ]
= 6400 – 4 = 6396
9
= 64 + 14.4 + 0.81 = 79.21
[Using identity a b a b a 2 b 2 ]
Question 7:
Using a 2 b 2 a b a b , find
Answer 7:
(i) 512 492 51 49 51 49
[Using identity a b a b a 2 b 2 ]
= 100 x 2 = 200
10
Question 8:
Using x a x b x 2 a b x ab , find
[Using identity x a x b x 2 a b x ab ]
= 10000 + 7 x 100 + 12
= 10000 + 700 + 12 = 10712
[Using identity x a x b x 2 a b x ab ]
= 100 0.3 0.2 10 0.06
= 100 – 0.5 x 10 + 0.06
= 100 – 5 + 0.06 = 95.06
11