Self-Made 27MHz CB

09/05/2023, 20:27 Self-made 27MHz CB desktop communicator experiment and call test (Homebrew CB Radio) @ LKS DIY blog::
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Webm a s t e r Self-made 27MHz CB desktop communicator 2020-07-12 twenty one:twenty four

mess a g e experiment and call test (Homebrew CB Radio)
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I like homemade toys since I w
In the past, almost all the materials used to make CB transceivers can be bought in
as a child. I used various simpl
e materials to make cars, buse electronic component stores, such as mid-cycle transformers, 5mm8mm short-wave
s, airplane models, and telesco coils, power transmitting transistors, modulation transformers, quartz crystal
pes. I fell in love with radio and
electronic production in middle oscillators...
school. Now I also design electr
onic products at work. I also m Now most of the components are gone, because not many people assemble these
ake some radio and electronic d
machines, but there is still a demand for CB machines in the United States, and there
evices in my spare time. Here i
s a record of my productions in are still a few factories in mainland China to produce, and you can also buy some coils,
recent years. Although these pr
mid-week, etc. on Taobao. Although I still have a lot of these components, this time I
oductions seem outdated in tod
ay's era of rapid technology, th deliberately used commonly available general components to make this CB machine
ey are mainly used to satisfy m instead of looking for special components, but I still need a pair of 27MHz transceiver
y own interests, and I also hav
e some nostalgic feelings. I do
quartz crystal oscillators. I don’t know if they can be used in Taiwan. Have you bought
n't want to repeat the products it? I can still buy some in Hong Kong. This unit only uses a single channel, mainly
designed in my work.
because it is an experiment.
https://blog.xuite.net/ksli1010/blog/589225436 1/20
09/05/2023, 20:27 Self-made 27MHz CB desktop communicator experiment and call test (Homebrew CB Radio) @ LKS DIY blog:: Random ne…

Earlier, I also shared some elec In order to simplify the circuit, the receiver has no high-frequency amplifier (LNA), no
tronic productions on the Kimo
blog. Inkimo ended the blog, so automatic noise limiter circuit (ANL), and no mute circuit (squelch).
I continued to share the subseq
uent productions here. These p Features of this machine: Receiver RX
roductions are mainly some rad
io transceivers and radios, and
Electric sensitivity sensitivity: 3 μ V @ 10dB S/N
there are also some self-made i
nstruments. Recently I also coll
ected some second-hand electr
Audio output Audio power (8Ω ) : 1.5W
onic and radio products for my
personal collection. Most of the Transmitter TX
se collections are more than ha
lf a century old and will be intro RF Output power (50 Ω) : 3W @ 12V; 4W @ 13.8V
duced here.
log Modulation: Low distortion Low distortion 55%; Maximum Max 70%
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The schematic diagram of this machine;

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Due to poor drawing skills, the circuit seems a bit chaotic, and there will be circuit
analysis below.
Receive audio amplifier circuit:
The power amplifier uses LM380, when the power supply is 12V, the maximum power
output is 1.5W when the load is 8Ω, and the maximum power output is 2.4W when the
load is 4Ω , but its voltage gain is fixed at 50, regardless of the Both the transmitting
and receiving circuits are low, and a pre-amplifier is required. Q4 is this amplifier, and
its power supply is connected to the receiver. Amplifier stops working.
When receiving, the receiving and transmitting switch in the hand-held microphone
connects the ground wire of the speaker to make it sound, and when transmitting, it
opens the circuit and the speaker is silent.
Receiver circuit:
The coil of the receiver uses a resistor-like color ring fixed inductance with a semi-
adjustable capacitor to replace the short-wave and medium-circumference coils. These
are relatively easy to buy. The intermediate frequency amplifier uses the operational
amplifier IC TL082. Its G- BW reaches 4MHz, which is higher than LM358's 1MHz. It
is an IC that is easy to buy. It is also possible to use LF353 as a direct substitute.
Because it is difficult to control the AGC of the operational amplifier, the AGC voltage
is applied to the frequency conversion transistor. The AGC of this circuit has a range of
30dB, which is acceptable.
Since there is only single frequency conversion and no high-frequency amplification,

the gain of the entire receiving circuit is not high, so the background noise level is not
large, so there is no quiet noise circuit.
Transmit audio modulation circuit:
When transmitting, press the PTT key of the hand -held microphone to ground D10,
the microphone amplifier Q3 is turned on, and the microphone is connected to the
circuit. If a condenser microphone is used , it can be powered through R19, and the
B500 Ω semi-adjustable potentiometer Adjust the speaking level to the maximum
without distortion. Note that if the gain is too high, there will be self-excited howling.
When switching from transmitting to receiving, the microphone must be disconnected
from the circuit, otherwise there will be howling when the capacitor is charged and
discharged.
The modulation transformer is replaced by a power transformer. It is a 3VA

transformer with an output of 1 5V x 2 It can also be used with 3V x 2 The main
transformer with an output of 1.5V x 2. It can also be used with 3V x 2. The main
reason is that the lower the DC impedance of its coil, the better. It’s okay to use a
larger transformer, but the size and weight will increase. The primary high-voltage coil
is not used, but be careful that it will have a high-voltage output when there is audio. If
the primary coil is broken, an open-circuit transformer can also be used, but a short-
circuit one cannot. Some non-switching power adapters with multiple voltage outputs
can also be used.
Transmitter circuit:
This circuit has only two stages but can produce 3~4W output. Its idea comes from the
previous production of electron tube transmitters. Only one electron tube can oscillate
with power up to W level. Of course, the most difficult thing to obtain is the quartz
crystal, which has a very high frequency. When the current passes through, the small
quartz crystal of the HC-49US tube oscillator will hang up in a second. The general
HC-49U and HC-50U are barely hot, but the larger HC-6U or larger FT243 will be
fine. Fortunately, This machine uses HC-50U to oscillate with BD135 transistor and
can have 700mW output without quartz heating. Because the oscillator has sufficient
output, it is enough to directly drive the unstaged transmitter IRF510.
IRF510 is a MOSFET, its G pole has a +3.6V bias voltage, but different brands may
need to adjust this bias voltage, the adjustment method is to adjust this bias voltage
until the D pole current of the tube just starts to conduct, that is, ID has 0.1 ~ 1mA
Better, this bias voltage adjustment can use an adjustable resistor in series with D6 to
increase or decrease the voltage, if the 3.6V of D6 is too high, you can use 3.0V or
3.3V instead.
BD135 and IRF510 are very common and easy-to-buy tubes at present. They need to
be installed with radiators, and the tubes must be insulated from the radiators to avoid
affecting high-frequency circuits.
Note that the withstand voltage of C42, C43 and even C1 must be above 250V,
otherwise it will consume power and generate heat. If these capacitors heat themselves
(not transmitted by Q6) during transmission, the withstand voltage is not enough.
According to experience, if the capacitor does not indicate the withstand voltage
Voltage value, the larger volume usually has a higher withstand voltage, but not
necessarily, but the small volume capacitor has a small withstand voltage.
Transmit-receive conversion:
Transmit receive conversion:
The transceiver switch in the hand-held microphone can be used to switch the
transceiver state of this machine without using a relay. This switch not only connects
the microphone when transmitting, but also controls the switch of the receiving and
transmitting circuits. However, in terms of antenna, how to connect the transmitter and
receiver Be one without shadowing each other?
The following is the antenna circuit when receiving:
The signal from the antenna passes through C1, C2 to the frequency conversion tube
Q1, and VC1, C48, L4 are receiving tuning circuits. D1, D2 are not conducting when
the receiving signal does not exceed 0.6V. Generally, the voltage received from the
antenna will not be too high. High, so D1 and D2 are equivalent to open circuits, only
its internal capacitance is connected in parallel with the tuning circuit, as long as it is
calculated into the circuit.
The circuit composed of C43, L10, and C42 at the other end of the antenna has no
great influence on the receiver. It is equivalent to the capacitor connected in parallel to
the antenna, and the receiving tuning circuit can also calculate it, while the end of C41,
VC8, and L9 can be It is regarded as an open circuit, because there is a transmitting
tube and RFC over there, the current of the transmitting tube is very small when
receiving, the impedance is very high, and the RFC is also high impedance, so it is
considered an open circuit.
Antenna circuit when transmitting :
When there is a large enough transmission power output, diodes D1 and D2 are turned
on, which is equivalent to an AC short circuit, and then the end below C1 is equivalent
to grounding. At this time, C1 is connected in parallel with the transmission circuit C43
and becomes a component of the transmission circuit.
If there is no D1, D2, then C2 and L4, C48, etc. will form series resonance, resulting in
low impedance and loss of transmission power.
If D1 and D2 are to be turned on, it is better to have a power of more than 100 mW.
This circuit is only suitable for transmission with a carrier, such as AM, FM, CW, etc.
It cannot be used for SSB without a carrier.
S‧RF meter circuit:
A 500 μA level meter is used , the received signal is taken from the output of the mid-
amplifier IC, through C44, D7, D8, and C45 for positive voltage detection and
rectification, and then the B5k Ω potentiometer is used to drive the meter. C49 is used
to prevent leakage from the receiving circuit during transmission. The incoming signal
is filtered out so as not to affect the reading of the ammeter, because the leakage is
27MHz, and the intermediate frequency is only 455kHz, so it does not affect the
reception.
The general specification of CB machine is that when receiving 100 μV (-67dBm), the
S meter indicates 9, but the sensitivity of the receiving meter, circuit gain, AGC initial
level and other factors, this machine cannot meet this requirement, so only S3 at 100
μV , S9 is only available when it is 1mV, so the B5k Ω potentiometer can be short-
circuited with wiring instead.
When transmitting, a small part of the power passes through C46, D9, C47 and then
through the B50k Ω potentiometer to drive the ammeter.
Production information:
PCB
Component location map:
Wiring assembly diagram:
Coil homemade:
The transmitter coil should be self-made, the data can be seen in the schematic
diagram, RFC L7 is wound on a 2W, 1M Ω resistor, pay attention to the different
winding directions of the coils of L4 (L8), L9 and L10.
LM380 heat dissipation:
LM380 is DIP14 without any metal sheet for heat sink, but it needs to dissipate heat,
otherwise its output power will be automatically reduced. The above picture is one of
the methods. The transparent circle is a heat shrinkable tube. It doesn’t matter if you
use any color.
PCB with components :
Welding surface:
Since I couldn't find a case at home that could fit this machine, I printed one for it:
From above:
Viewed from the bottom: the speaker is installed next to the machine:
comments
This machine has the following disadvantages:
1) The selectivity of the receiver is not ideal. Because the mid-cycle transformer is
omitted and the LC negative feedback method is used instead, the attenuation of
adjacent channels is not enough, especially the attenuation of higher channels is not as
good as that of low channels. For example, for the receiving frequency - There is 20dB
attenuation at 10kHz, but only 13dB at +10kHz, and 39dB at -50kHz, but 28dB at
+50kHz. Although it is not clear why there is such a difference in the selectivity of
upper and lower frequencies, if you use communication The machine's ceramic filter
will have good selectivity even without using IFT.
Since there is only one stage of frequency conversion and only one 27MHz tuning
circuit, the image frequency is only attenuated by 6dB, which is very common for
single-frequency CB machines, and because the local oscillator lower than the
receiving frequency is used, the image frequency is in the range of 26MHz. This
frequency band There are less interference signals, so it is not a big problem. If you use
a local oscillator frequency higher than the reception, then the image frequency is in
the 28MHz range, which is just in the 10m amateur band, and you will receive their
signals and cause trouble.
2) The transmission modulation is not enough, only 65%~70%, due to the insufficient
power of LM380, the general 4W CB machine will not use this IC, but will use
TDA2003 and other higher power, but initially the high frequency output of this
machine is only about 2W , TDA2003 can be directly used in future designs. Anyway,
the prices of the two in the electronic component store I bought are similar.
In terms of high-frequency harmonics, the 2nd harmonic (54MHz) is only 40dB lower
than the main wave, and the rest of the harmonics are >50dB lower than the main
wave.
Because the machine has just been installed and has not had time to test, so I don't
know the communication effect. According to experience, if the antenna is erected
correctly, it is possible to have a distance of several kilometers to more than ten
kilometers.
Actual call test (April 2021)

Before the hot summer comes, test the call performance of the CB channel with a
friend. The friend brought a European version of the CB talker produced in the early
years, which is channel 40, AM, and FM. Its FM transmission power is 4W, and AM is
only 1W (equal to 4W peak value. power). I brought this CB radio (which has been
changed to channel 40) and a self-made CB radio 10 years ago , with AM/FM, channel
40, and a transmitting power of 3W for both AM and FM. Parallel inverter, so the
reception performance is excellent.
The antenna is a 3.5-meter rod vertical antenna, but it only extends to about 2.8 meters
(1/4 wavelength), with three 2.8-meter flexible wires as the ground grid, and it is
equipped with antenna tuner, power, standing wave Table, the best standing wave for
this test is 1.3.
My friend and I are 15 kilometers apart (because of the small area of Hong Kong, 15
kilometers is considered a long distance), and we are all on a hill of more than 100
meters to increase the communication effect.
This CB machine only has AM, and the reception sensitivity is not high. It can receive
the signal sent by a friend from 15 kilometers away.
My friend also heard the signal I transmitted. After all, the transmission power of this
machine is not bad, but the voice is a little distorted. It may be that the output of the
microphone is too large, and this machine is a simplified version without an automatic
level control circuit. The volume is too loud and the distortion is true. Inevitably,
unlike another self-made AM/FM machine with this circuit, there is no problem of
signal distortion.
Comments:
The test results this time were better than expected. After all, 15 kilometers is still not
bad, and it should be farther.
In fact, this machine is a simplified version of the CB machine, and I am not very
satisfied with its performance. It uses unorthodox components and designs, which are
all compromises. This time it should be the result of proper antenna installation and a
better location.
In terms of signal distortion, in addition to the reason that the microphone output is too
large (the circuit has a gain adjustment potentiometer), it may also be related to the
high-frequency self-excited oscillation generated by the audio output peak of the
power amplifier IC LM380. Many power amplifier ICs have high-frequency self-
excited oscillations. In order to solve the problem of excitation, the manual
recommends to add a series low-resistance resistor and capacitor at the output end to
stop the vibration, but sometimes there may still be problems, so it is best to choose a
better power amplifier IC based on experience.
Finally, it is found that using FM for CB communication works well, but for remote
communication using electric fence reflection, it is better to use AM and SSB, because
the time when the same signal arrives at the receiver through different reflection paths
is different, the problem of AM detection Not much, but the phase detection of FM
may become noise, which will affect the listening effect.
LKS / Xuite Logs / Responses (6) / Quotes (0)

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LKS 2020-10-18 19:22:42
Li Kin Sing In fact, it lacks a low-pass filter compared with the LC circuit of the TX of most CB machines.
The output impedance of IRF510 is about 24Ω. According to the analysis of the circuit results using the
Smith chart, it can be concluded that the equivalent output capacitance of IRF510 must reach 300pF to
meet the impedance, which is quite different from the 81pF in the specification. It may be affected by its
input circuit. Because its Crss has 15pF. As for the D1 and D2 connected after the C1 capacitor, they are
equivalent to grounding during TX, so ignore the circuit there.
The L/C design process of the TX post-stage is to use the Smith chart to obtain each L value and directly
substitute it into the circuit, then use VC to repeatedly adjust each capacitor to maximize the output and
minimize the harmonics, and finally use a capacitance meter to measure each VC value. Substitute fixed
capacitors and semi-adjustable capacitors, which may differ from theoretical values.
bx2aw 2020-09-23 05:45:34
to : jeanshyen
c1 only has 22p, which does not affect the transmit power
jeanshyen 2020-07-13 23:39:44

jeanshyen 2020 07 13 23:39:44
This message is a private message .
Reply at 2020-07-14 19:46:24

To jeanshyen
jeanshyen 2020-07-13 17:28:20
It is another excellent work, you have 3D printing, it is even more powerful~
At present, the crystal oscillator I bought in Taiwan is the 3rd overtone~
You said that the receiving/transmitting conversion circuit, when transmitting, D1.D2 will be
Shows a short ground, won't that affect the transmit power?
And D1. D2 can withstand this transmit power without burning out?
In addition, the image frequency you mentioned, I think you are referring to the mirror image frequency
right~
P.S.
The weather is really super hot recently, 37~38 degrees at every turn~
Yesterday evening, I rode a motorcycle and went out to bask in the sun for an hour or two
When I came back, my skin was a little tingling, the sun is really too strong~
Reply at 2020-07-13 20:20:32

To jeanshyen
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09/05/2023, 20:27 Self-made 27MHz CB desktop communicator experiment and call test (Homebrew CB Radio) @ LKS DIY blog::

KS DIY blog:: Random ne…

Management background │ browse mode │ webmaster log │ login │ report │

log album video friends

LKS DIY Blog

Webm a s t e r Self-made 27MHz CB desktop communicator 2020-07-12 twenty one:twenty four

Is the file download not

add me as fr <<New call test is at the end of the article>>

Management background │ browse mode │ webmaster log │ login │ report │

The schematic diagram of this machine;

24hrs live news

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Management background │ browse mode │ webmaster log │ login │ report │

Receive audio amplifier circuit:

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Management background │ browse mode │ webmaster log │ login │ report │

Since there is only single frequency conversion and no high-frequency amplification,

Transmit audio modulation circuit:

The modulation transformer is replaced by a power transformer. It is a 3VA

The following is the antenna circuit when receiving:

Antenna circuit when transmitting :

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S‧RF meter circuit:

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Component location map:

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Wiring assembly diagram:

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LM380 heat dissipation:

PCB with components :

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This machine has the following disadvantages:

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Actual call test (April 2021)

LKS / Xuite Logs / Responses (6) / Quotes (0)

The reference URL of this article https://blog.xuite.net/ksli1010/blog/589225436/track

LKS 2020-10-18 19:22:42

bx2aw 2020-09-23 05:45:34

jeanshyen 2020-07-13 23:39:44

This message is a private message .

Reply at 2020-07-14 19:46:24

jeanshyen 2020-07-13 17:28:20

It is another excellent work, you have 3D printing, it is even more powerful~

At present, the crystal oscillator I bought in Taiwan is the 3rd overtone~

Shows a short ground, won't that affect the transmit power?

Reply at 2020-07-13 20:20:32

Copyright © 2005 - 2023 Internet Service by Xuite.

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