CFCv2019.146.

Marib Field Assistant - WASH

Instructions for the exam :

You will have 2 hours to complete the WASH test (32 questions).
All answers should be written in English, and only in English.
Please right down the detail of the calculation when it is needed (case study included).
Do not worry if you don’t know the exact answers to all the questions, start with the one
questions you are comfortable with, and go back to the other ones after.
Good luck!

A/ CASE STUDY (/7.5 POINTS):

Background situation :
In the city named BLUE, fighting erupted between 2 armed groups and there was a widespread
migration of people to YELLOW governorate in Yemen. IDPs (Internally Displaced Persons) have arrived
in to a migrant site of YELLOW governorate , some with animals, but many without. Whole families are
moving together with 20% of the population being children under 5 years old. These people are being
moved to a new site called PURPLE, 50km away in an area with local population of 2,000 people. Your
agency, which is IOM, has been tasked to do an intervention and provide WASH facilities in the new
camp. The site is green field site with no existing facilities. There are further details about the site below.

Existing camp condition :

• Available camp area is 2 Km x 2 Km, with flat topography. This land has already been divided into areas
for future blocks- it is planned that the whole area will be used.
• Population is currently about 1,100 families; with average family size are 5 people. At the current rate
of influx, it is estimated that there will be an additional 400 families arriving per week over the next 6
months. Monthly population estimates are shown in the table below.
• Not many household water containers have been seen among possessions of incoming refugees.
• There are no water tanks in the camp and no water supply currently.
• There is a borehole 3Km from the camp with a flow rate of 25mᶾ/hr which is allowed to operate for 20
hours per day. Currently it only operates for 2 hours per day to supply water to the local community.
Water table is about 100 meters depth. Any new boreholes will take at least 3 months to complete.
There are no nearby rivers.
• There are local tractors with bowsers available for hire. The outlet of the bowser is 1 meter above the
ground level- the bowser drivers do not have pumps for off-loading water. Tractor capacity is 6,000
liters.
• In the warehouse, you have access to 15mᶾ bladder tanks which can supply 3 tap stands. Each tap
stand has 6 taps.
• Type of chlorine product available is 70% HTH.
• The borehole water has no turbidity (zero NTU). From jar tests that have been carried out, the
borehole water requires 2.5ml of 1% solution of a 20-liter container, in order to give free residual of
0.45mg/l.

Page 1 of 7
 • Open defecation is common practice for the population and there are reports of high levels of
diarrhea. Scabies is becoming significant.

Use Sphere standard where appropriate to answer the following questions. Data shared through 2
tables.

Jar
End End End #
Bladder End test
gEnd End
# # Host Populatio # HT
nmonth month monthindiv month (ml month month
Populatio Water/person/ tank Indiv. / Indiv./ Indiv./
Household Ind./H populatio in 6 Tapstan H
n now day (liters) capacit . / / L Latrine bathing unit washing basin
s (HH) H n (ind.) months d per
y (m3) tap of
liter
Now 1%)

1,100 5 2,000 7,500 1

59,500 2 153 64 5
14 6

Population 7,500 16,167 24,833 33,500 42,167 50,833 59,500

Daily water
demand

Taps

Tap stands

Actual tap
stands

Actual taps

Household
storage

Chlorine (L of
1% in month)

Chlorine (Kg
in month)

Latrines

Washing
basins

Bathing units

Page 2 of 7
Water supply and operation and maintenance
Q1 - What is the daily water demand for the new refugee camp including the host community (now, at 3
months, at 6 months)? (1.0 pts)

Q2 - Is the water quantity sufficient for 3 months for the refugees? (0.5 pts)

Water storage & distribution

Q3 - What is your household water storage plan (6 months)? (0.5 pts)

Q4 – How many taps & tap stands are needed now, at the end of 3 months and at the end of 6 months .
(1 pts)

Water treatment
Q5 – What is your estimated chlorine requirement for month 1 (in kg of granular product)? (2.5 pts)

Excreta disposal & bathing

Q6 – How many latrines are required now and at the end of 6 months? (1 pts)

Q7 – How many bathing units and clothes washing units would be needed now and at the end of 6
months? (1.0 pts)

B/ MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION (/1 PT)

Q8 - By what processes/methods do you intend to report to your manager on the progress of your
activities. (0.5 pts)

Q9 – Describe what is a cluster ? Who is the Global Lead Agency for WASH cluster ? (0.5 pts)

C. WATER SUPPLY AND OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE (/8 POINTS)

Q10 – What is the average yield of a hand pump ? (0.5 pts)

Page 3 of 7
Q11 – What is the maximum theoretical depth a surface motorpump can suck-up ? (0.5 pts)

Q12 – What is the best season to drill a BH ? Why ? (0.5 pts)

Q13 – Explain briefly the difference between an aquifer test and a well test and how they are run ? (1.5
pts))

Q14 – Could you describe a situation where we might use lay flat hose for water distribution? What are
the disadvantages of these pipes ? (1.0 pts)

Q15 – What is the recommended flow at each tap/distribution point in emergency situation ? What is
the reason for it ? (2.0 pts)

Q16 – An Oxfam tank needs to supply water by gravity to 5 distribution frames at the bottom of a hill.
What pipe size would you recommend to complete the water distribution system ? (2.0 pts).
In addition to the information in the scheme below, please consider the following : 6 taps for each frame
; 3m residual head.

After calculating the head losses in the pipes, use the head loss diagram below.

Page 4 of 7
D - WATER TREATMENT (/7 POINTS)
Q17 – What process would you use in emergency situation to reduce/remove the pathogens in the
water ? (1 pts)

Q18 – What are we looking to be removed when filtering water on a sand bed (mechanical filtration) ?
(1 pts)

Q19 – What is the percentage of active product in aluminium sulphate (alumina)? What is the factor
limiting its use in water treatment ? (1 pts)

Q20 – Explain what is a jar test, and describe how you will implement it in detail to help you measure
the chlorination needed for drinking water. (2 pts)

Page 5 of 7
Q21 – Name 1 portable kit commonly used for bacteriological analysis in WASH emergency response.
What is the final outcome that we want to get from using these kits ? What does it indicate? (2 pts)

E - EXCRETA DISPOSAL & BATHING (/8.5 POINTS)

Q22 – Explain what is the objectif of hygienization of faecal materials ? (0.5 pts)

Q23 – What basic equipment would you install for the treatment and disposal of wastewater coming
from showers and kitchens in an emergency situation ? (1 pts)

Q24 – Name the 5 main steps for the sewage to go through in a traditional urban sanitation system ? (1
pts)

Q25 – Why are covered sanitation systems better than open sanitation drainage? (0.5 pts)

Q26 – What would you propose to deal with the drainage water at a water point in an IDP site ? (1pts)

Q27 – What process would you use in an emergency situation to remove suspended particles in raw
water ? (1 pts)

Q28 – Explain what is the differences between a simple pit latrine and a VIP latrine in terms of
construction and use. Please detail on what principle the VIP latrine works, and its advantages. Why are
they named dry latrines ? (2.0 pts)

Q29 – Two families of 3 and 6 individuals want to constructed a dry latrine to be shared. Explain in
detail calculation of the pit size needed for the construction of this latrine. (1.5 pts)

F - HP AND COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION (/8 POINTS)

Q30 – Name 3 key measures to be taken to prevent or reduce waterborne diseases in an IDP site. (1 pts)

Q31 – Give an example of implementation of a community based approach in WASH response ? (1 pts)

Page 6 of 7
Q32 – Responding to an influx of IDPs in a settlement area, what essential hygiene items would you
provide them (and in which quantity )? (1 pts)

Q33 – What makes a strong WASH Committee ? (1 pts)

Q34 – What is the best way for WASH committees to be accountable to the community ? (1 pts)

Q35 – What is the main objective of training the WASH committee ? (0.5 pts)

Q36 – What is the main aim of Community Led Total Sanitation ? (0.5 pts)

Q37 –Name 3 household methods for disinfection of water . (1 pts)

Q38 – Explain in detail what is the "3 pots method" (what is it ? When is it use? Advantages ?
Disadvantages ?) (0.5 pts)

Q39 – Describe what are the characteristic of a good water storage container (0.5 pts)

Page 7 of 7