TASK-1

Problem Statement:
Prepare a report on the basic architecture of a computer system. Give the configurational
details of the system you are working on in the lab.

BASIC ARCHITECTURE OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM

Block diagram of a computer system:

The different components in the computer system Architecture are:

1. Input Unit
2. Output Unit
3. Storage Unit
4. Arithmetic Logic Unit
5. Control Unit
6. Central Processing Unit

Details about all the computer units:

1.INPUT UNIT:
The input unit consists of one or more input devices that provide data to the computer system
from outside so that the computer can solve any task. It takes data from the input devices,
converts it into machine language and then loads it into the computer system. It links external
environment with the computer.
Input device is a piece of computer hardware equipment used to provide data and control
signals to an information processing system such as computer. Most commonly used input
devices are Keyboard, mouse, floppy disc, etc.,

2.OUTPUT UNIT:
The output unit provides the results of computer process to the users, it links the computer
with the external environment.

An output device is any device used to send data from a computer to another device or user.
Mostly it is in the form of audio or video. The different output devices are monitors, printers,
projectors, Visual Display Unit, speakers, headphones etc.
Examples:
1. Monitor: It is an output device that displays information in pictorial or text form.
2. Printer: It accepts text and graphic output from a computer and transfers the
information to paper.
3. Speaker: It is an output hardware device that is connected to a computer to generate
sound.

3.STORAGE UNIT:

Storage unit contains many computer components that are used to store data. It holds data
entered through input unit, before they are processed. It preserves intermediate and final
results before these are sent to output devices.

It is divided into primary storage and secondary storage.

Primary storage is also known as the main memory and is the memory directly accessible by
the CPU. It stores and provides very fast. The primary memory is temporary in nature, the
data is lost when computer is switched-off. Computers have limited primary storage
capacity.
PROM-Programmable Read Only Memory
EPROM - Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
EEPROM- electrically erasable programmable read-only memory

Secondary or external storage is not directly accessible by the CPU. The data from
secondary storage needs to be brought into the primary storage before the CPU can use it.
Secondary storage contains a large amount of data permanently.
It is used like an archive. It is slower and cheaper than primary memory. Some of the
commonly used secondary memory devices are Hard disk, CD, etc.,

Examples:
1. Hard Disk
2. Floppy disk
3. Flash drive
4. SD card
5. Compact disk
6. DVD
4.ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT:
It is a major component of central processing unit. It performs calculations, does comparisons
and also take decisions. Whenever calculations are required, the control unit transfers data
from storage unit to ALU and once the calculations are done, the results are transferred into
storage unit by the control unit and then it is sent to output unit for display.
Different operation as carried out by ALU can be categorized as follows –
1. Logic operations: These include operations like AND, OR, NOT, XOR, NOR,
NAND, etc.
2. Bit-Shifting Operations: This pertains to shifting the positions of the bits by a certain
number of places either towards the right or left, which is considered a multiplication
or division operations.
3. Arithmetic operations: This refers to bit addition and subtraction. Although
multiplication and division are sometimes used, these operations are more expensive
to make. Multiplication and subtraction can also be done by repetitive additions and
subtractions respectively.

5.CONTROL UNIT:
A control unit or CU is circuitry that directs operations within a computer’s processor. It lets
the computer's logic unit, memory, and both input, and output devices know how to respond
to instructions received from a program. It does not execute instructions by itself, it tells other
parts of computer system what to do.
A control unit works by receiving input information that it converts into control signals, which
are then sent to the central processor. The computers processor then tells the attached
hardware what operations to carry out.
6.CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT:
CPU is the brain of the computer. All types of data processing operations and all the
important functions of a computer are performed by the CPU. It helps input and output
devices to communicate with each other and perform their respective operations. It also stores
data which is input, intermediate results in between processing and instructions.
The CPU consists 3 major units, which are:
• Memory or Storage Unit
• Control Unit
• Arithmetic Logic Unit
Components of CPU:

• Power supply
• Heat Sink/Fans
• Cabinet
• Mother board
• Processor
• AGP
• North Bridge
• South Bridge
• PCI Slots
• BIOS
• CMOS

CONFIGURATIONAL DETAILS OF THE SYSTEM

Configuration of the computer system used in the lab:

System Configuration:
System Configuration mainly refers to the specification of a given computer system, from its
hardware components to the software and various processes that are run within that system. It
refers to what types and models of devices are installed and what specific software is being
used to run the various parts of the computer system.
1.Processor: A processor (CPU) is the logic circuitry that responds to and processes the basic
instructions that drive a computer. The computer has Intel® Core™ i5 processor.
2.Installed RAM: Random access memory is a hardware component that is used to store
temporary data for the programs running on computers. Operating systems need to have a
certain amount of memory installed just to boot up. The present system has an installed RAM
of 16GB.
3.Device ID: It is a unique, anonymized string of numbers and letters that identifies every
individual device. Apps typically retrieve the ID for identification when communicating to
servers.
4.Product ID: It is a code generated by the computer on which the software is installed, and
which describes the installation. It is not unique.
5.Device Manager: Device Manager is a component of the Microsoft Windows operating
system. It allows users to view and control the hardware attached to the computer.
The following hardware applications are attached to the computer system being used:
CHINTAPALLI BHARGAV PRAVEEN

VU21CSEN0100014
CSE