VOCAL MUSIC OF THE ROMANTIC PERIOD

 Composers interpret poems, mood, atmosphere and imagery into music.

 Romantic artists found inspiration in landscapes.
 Their subjects were traditional myths, legends and folklore usually dealing with the supernatural,
grotesque, and less ordinary.
 Vocal music in this period require singers to perform a greater range of tone color, dynamics and
pitch.
 Opera became an important source of musical expressions.
 The birth of the opera houses came.
COMPOSERS OF VOCAL MUSIC
ROMANTIC PERIOD

Franz Peter Schubert

 Schubert was born on the 31st of January 1797 in Himmelpfortgrund,

Austria
 The proper name for Franz Schubert songs is lieder, which is the
German word for song.
 He is considered the last of the classical composers and one of the first
romantic ones.
 His famous vocal music works/ Lieder were: “Gretchen am Spinnrade”,
“Erlkonig”, “EllensGesangIII” (“Ave Maria”) and “Schwanengesang”
(“Swan Song”).
 He also wrote piano pieces, string quartets, operetta and the Symphony
No.8 in B minor(“Unfinished Symphony”)
 He died in 1828 in Vienna, Austria at 31.
Giuseppe Verdi

 Verdi was born in Parma, Italy on October 9, 1813.

 He studied in Bussetoand later went to Milan where his first opera
“Oberto” was performed in La Scala, the most important opera house at the
time.
 His final opera ends with “All the world’s a joke.”
 His famous works are La Traviata, Rigoletto, Falstaff, Otelloand Aida were
he wrote for the opening of the Suez Canal.
 Expressive vocal melody is the soul of a Verdi opera.
 He died in Milan, Italy on January 27,1901.

Giacomo Puccini

 Giacomo Puccini was born in a poor family on December 22, 1858 in Lucca, Italy.
 He studied at the Milan Conservatory.
 He belonged to a group of composers who stressed realism, therefore, he drew
material from everyday life, rejecting heroic themes from mythology and history.
 Puccini’s famous operas were: “La Boheme”, “Tosca”, “Madame Butterfly”,and
“Turandot”.
Wilhelm Richard Wagner

 Wilhelm Richard Wagner was born in Leipzig, Germany on May 22, 1813.
 He was very much inspired by Ludwig van Beethoven.
 Wagner introduced new ideas in harmony and in form, including extremes
of chromaticism.
 He was an advocate of a new form of opera which he called “music drama”
where musical and dramatic elements were fused together.
 The expressiveness is aided by the use of “leitmotifs” or musical sequences
standing for a particular character/plot element.

 His famous works are; Tristan and Isolde, Die Walkure, Die Meistersinger, Tannhauserand Parsifal.
 His work would later influence modern film scores, including those of the Harry Potter and Lord of
the Rings film series.
 Wagner died of a heart attack on February 13,1883 at age of 69.
Georges Bizet

 Registered with the legal name Alexandre-Cesar-Leopold Bizet, but was

baptized Georges Bizet
 He was born October 25, 1838 in Paris, France.
 Bizet became famous for his operas.
 His most famous opera is “Carmen”.
 Bizet died (June 3, 1875). He was only 36.

ROMANTIC OPERA OF
ROMANTIC PERIOD

OPERA

 became increasingly popular during the Romantic period.

 It is a story (libretto) told by the composers through music while using the words of the librettist.
They work closely together to tell the story.
 The book that the composer and librettist put together is called a score.
 The score has all the musical notes, words and ideas to help the performers tell the story.
COMPONENTS OF OPERA

Libretto

 the texts of an opera.

 Librettist and the composer work closely together to tell the story.
Score

 the book that the composer and librettist put together.

 has all the musical notes, words and ideas to help the performers tell the story.
 Often, there are operas with overtures, preludes, prologues, several acts, finales and postludes.
Recitative

 Declamatory singing, used in the prose parts and dialogue of opera.

 Different roles in operas are created taking into account different types of voices.
 Each role requires a different type of singer, not only able to sing a given vocal range but also with
certain voice characteristics, color and power.
Aria

 Declamatory singing, used in the prose parts and dialogue of opera.

 Different roles in operas are created taking into account different types of voices.
 Each role requires a different type of singer, not only able to sing a given vocal range but also with
certain voice characteristics, color and power.
 an air or solo singing part that the public will remember best when leaving the opera house.
 Properly and well sung, a beautiful aria can bring an audience to its feet and decide the fate of an
entire opera.
Acts

 Main division of an opera

Scene
 Setting or place
OTHER COMPONENTS:
■Duet, trio, and other small ensemble
■Chorus
■Orchestra

VOICE CLASSIFICATIONS
FOR MALE
• Tenor - highest male voice
• Baritone - Middle male voice, lies between Bass and Tenor voices. It is the common male voice.
• Bass - lowest male voice
FOR FEMALE
• Soprano - highest female voice
• Mezzo Soprano - most common female voice; strong middle voice, tone is darker or deeper than the
soprano
• Contralto - lowest female voice and most unique among female
MUSICAL TERMS

• A Capella - one or more singers performing without instrumental accompaniment

• Cantabille - Singing style
• Capo - Head, the beginning
• Coda - Closing section appended to a movement or song
• Dolce - sweetly
• Falsetto - A weaker and more airy voice usually in the higher pitch ranges
• Glissando - Sliding quickly between two notes
• Passagio - Parts of singing voice where register transition occur
• Rubato - Slight speeding up or slowing down of the tempo of a piece at the discretion of the soloist
• Tessitura - Most comfortable singing range of a singer
• Vibrato - Rapidly repeated slight pitch variation during a sustained note
Prepared by: Angelo Rebollido
MAPEH TEACHER

Western classical plays/opera

HISTORY OF THE THEATRICAL FORMS AND THEIR EVOLUTION
*Theater began from myth, ritual and ceremony.
*Theater means”place of seeing”, but it is more than the buildings where performance take place.
*To produce theater, a playwright writes the scripts, the director rehearses the performers, the designer and technical
crew produce props to create the scenes, and actors and actresses perform on stage.
 Ancient Theater
700 B.C.E.-410 C.E.
(Greek and Roman Theater)
Greek Theater
*European theater began in Ancient Greece.
*It began around 700 B.C. with festivals honoring their many gods.
*The city-state of Athens was the center of a significant cultural, political, and military power during this period,
where the festivals and competitions were usually performed.

THE THREE WELL-KNOWN GREEK TRAGEDY PLAYWRIGHTS

“Experience travel –these are as education in

themselves”.

-Euripides

“Always desire to learn something useful”.

-Sophocles

“Memory is the mother of all wisdom”.

-Aeschylus

The theater of ancient Greece consisted of types of drama:

TRAGEDY

*is a compound of two Greek words, ―tragos‖ or "goat" and ―ᾠδή‖ (ode) meaning "song, referring to goats
sacrificed to Dionysus before performances, or to goat-skins worn by the performers.
*In Greece, tragedy was the most admired type of play. It dealt with tragic events and have an unhappy ending,
especially one concerning the downfall of the main character.
*Thespis was the first actor and introduced the use of masks and was called the "Father of Tragedy” .

COMEDY PLAYS

*were derived from imitation;

*Aristophanes wrote most of the comedy plays.
*Out of these 11 plays, Lysistrata survived, a humorous tale about a strong woman who led a female coalition to end
war in Greece.
*Cyclops was an adventurous comedy by Euripides.

Ancient Theater Terms:

*Theatre buildings were called theatron.

*Theaters were large, open-air structures constructed on the slopes of hills.
*Orchestra: A large circular or rectangular area at the center part of the theatre,
where the play, dance, religious rites, and acting took place.
*Theatron- viewing place on the slope of a hill
*Skene –stage
*Parodos- side entrance

Roman Theater
*The theatre of ancient Rome started in the 3rd century BC.
*It had varied and interesting art forms, like festival performances of street
theatre, acrobatics, the staging of comedies of Plautus, and the high-verbally
elaborate tragedies of Seneca.
*Roman culture in the 3rd century BC had an intense and energizing effect on
Roman theatre and encouraged the development of Latin literature.
*According to Roman historian Livy, in the 4th century BC, the Etruscan actors
were the first experienced theater.
*While in 240 BC, Roman drama began with the plays of Livius Andronicus.
*Triumvir Pompey- was one of the first permanent (non-wooden) theatres in
Rome, whose structure was somewhat similar to the theatron of Athens.

Theatre of Pompey
*The usual themes for Roman theater plays were chariots races, gladiators, and public executions.
*The Romans loved a good spectacle.
*They loved to watch combat, admired blood sports and gladiator competition.The more realistic the violence, the
more it pleased Roman audiences.
*Comedy plays were popular too in the Roman Theater from 350 to 250 B.C. and women were allowed to perform on
stage.

Roman Chariots and gladiators

Prepared by:
Mr. Angelo Rebollido
MAPEH 9 TEACHER
 Intentional Injuries
What is injury? -Are injuries resulting from violence.

Types of Intentional injuries

 Suicide - Is the intentional taking of one's own life.

 Parasuicide - A suicide attempt in which a person does not intend to die.
 Domestic violence - Is an act that included physical assault (hitting, pushing, & shoving)
 Bullying - Is an unwanted, aggressive behavior. The behavior is repeated, or an overtime.
 Stalking - Is a pattern of behavior that makes you feel afraid, nervous, harassed, or in danger. It is
when someone repeatedly contacts you & follows you.
 Extortion - Is the act of using force or threats to force people to hand over their money or properties
on favors. Extortion can be happen usually outside or near school.
 Gang - Defined as a relatively tough, mostly street-based group of young people who regard
themselves & may be seen by others as a group that engages in a range of criminal activity and
violence.
 Fraternity - A group of people with similar backgrounds, occupations, interest or taste.
 Kidnapping - Is taking away or forcefully moving a person against his/her will and holding him/her
in just captivity.
 Terrorism - Is the use of violence for political goals and putting the public or a great number of
people in fear.
6 categories of Terrorism
o State Terrorism - States of governments can use force or the threat of force, without
declaring war, to terrorize their citizens and achieve a political goal.
o Bioterrorism - Refers to the intentional release of toxic biological agents to harm and
terrorize civilians, in the name of a political or other cause.
o Cyberterrorism - It the use of information technology to attack civilians and draw attention to
the terrorists’ cause.
o Ecoterrorism - It is the use of violence in the interests of environmentalism.
o Nuclear terrorism - Refers to a number of different ways nuclear materials might be used as
a terrorist tactic.
o Narcoterrorism - The use of violence by drug traffickers to influence governments or prevent
government’s efforts in stopping the drug trade.
 Verbal Abuse - Is a form of cruelty that involves the use of words.
 Sexual Abuse - It is a form of cruelty that involves sexuality.
Types of sexual abuse
 Incest - Is a sexual contact between persons who are so closely related that a marriage between them
is considered illegal. (e.g., parents and children, uncles/aunts and nieces/nephews, etc. )
 Molestation - Is the sexual abuse of a person (whether a child or adult) by an adult for sexual
pleasure or for profit.
o Fondling - To handle, stroke or caress lovingly or erotically
o Mutual Masturbation - Two people touching each other’s sexual organs for pleasure
o Sodomy - Sexual intercourse that involves inserting of the penis of one person into the anus of
another person
o Coitus - Sexual intercourse between a male and a female involving the insertion of the penis into
the vagina
 Child pornography - Explicit portrayal of children as sexual subject matter for purpose of sexual
arousal. It may be in a variety of media, like books, magazines, films, photos and etc.
 Child prostitution - Refers to children who get paid to have sex
 Rape - Is forced sexual intercourse, including vaginal, anal, or oral penetration.