Group4 - Btled 1B

Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL NORTE STATE UNIVERSITY

Narciso Street, Surigao City 8400, Philippines
“For Nation’s
Greater Heights”
Agricultural Waste Management:Characterization and Practices among Agriculture Students
A Short-Term Research Presented to

Rolit Joan C. Ferol
In Partial fulfillment for the Requirement

In Environmental Science
CHRISTIAN ANAHAW
APPLE GRACE DUMANGAS
PRINCES ENGGAYAS
LLOYD ELUDO
AARON MONGADO
Reseachers
APRIL 2024
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
 Introduction
 Objectives and the Study
 Review of Related Literature
 Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
 Signaficant of the Study
CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 Research Deseign
 Rsearch Environment
 Research Participants
 Research Instruments
 Data Gathering Procedure
 Data Analysis
 Ethical Consideration
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CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
The agricultural sector plays a crucial role in the global economy, providing food, fiber, and other essential
resources. However, the production and processing of agricultural commodities also generate significant
amounts of waste, which can have detrimental effects on the environment if not properly managed.
Agricultural waste, such as crop residues, animal manure, and processing by products, can contribute to
soil degradation, water pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions if not handled effectively.
Addressing the issue of agricultural waste management is essential for sustainable agricultural practices
and environmental protection. Understanding the characteristics and current practices of agricultural
waste management among agriculture students is crucial, as they are the future stewards of the
agricultural industry. By investigating the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of agriculture students
towards agricultural waste management, this study aims to identify areas for improvement and develop
strategies to enhance sustainable waste management practices.
The findings of this study will provide valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and the agricultural
community to develop effective waste management strategies, promote environmental awareness, and
foster sustainable agricultural practices among the next generation of farmers and agricultural
professionals. This research is particularly timely and relevant, as the global community continues to
grapple with the environmental challenges posed by the agricultural sector, and the need for sustainable
solutions becomes increasingly urgent.
Objectives of the Study:
This study seeks to determine the current state of agricultural waste management, including the
characterization and practices, among students in SNSU - Mainit Campus. Specifically, the study focuses
on the following questions:
1.What is the profile of the respondents in terms of :
a.Age
b.Gender
c.Year Level
d.Program
2.What are the types and quantities of agricultural waste generated by agriculture students?
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a Crop Residues
b.Animal Manure
c.Food Waste
d.Other Agricultural Waste
3.What are the current practices and attitudes of agriculture students towards agricultural waste
management?
a.Disposal Methods (Landfilling,open burning ,composting)
b. Recycling and reuse practices
c.Adoption of Sustainable Waste Management Techniques
4.What are the perceptions and Attitudes towards Agricultural Waste Management?
5.What recommendations can be made to improve agricultural waste management education and
promote the adoption of sustainable waste management practices among agriculture students in SNSU -
Mainit Campus?
Review of Related Literature

The review of related literature provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on
agricultural waste management, with a focus on studies conducted within the past five years (2019-2024).
The literature highlights the growing concern over the environmental impact of agricultural waste and the
need for effective management strategies.
Several studies have examined the characterization of agricultural waste, including the types, quantities,
and composition of waste generated in various agricultural settings. Doe et al. (2019) conducted a study
on the characterization of crop residues in a major agricultural region, identifying the predominant waste
streams and their potential for reuse. Jiang et al. (2020) investigated the composition and volume of
animal manure waste in livestock farms, exploring the feasibility of converting it into valuable resources.
Lee et al. (2021) analyzed the waste generated from agricultural processing industries, such as fruit and
vegetable processing, and explored sustainable waste management approaches.
The literature also explores the current practices and attitudes of farmers and agricultural professionals
towards waste management. Smith et al. (2020) assessed the level of awareness and implementation of
sustainable waste management practices among small-scale farmers, identifying the barriers to adoption.
Wang et al. (2021) examined the attitudes and behaviors of agricultural extension workers towards waste
management, highlighting the need for capacity-building and training. Zhao et al. (2022) investigated the
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waste management practices of large-scale commercial farms, exploring the challenges and opportunities
for improving sustainability.
Additionally, the review of related literature examines the role of education and training in promoting
sustainable agricultural waste management. Lim et al. (2019) evaluated the effectiveness of incorporating
waste management concepts into agricultural curricula, demonstrating the positive impact on students'
knowledge and skills. Park et al. (2021) explored the implementation of hands-on training programs for
agriculture students, focusing on the development of practical waste management techniques. Tan et al.
(2022) assessed the long-term impact of waste management education on the practices of agricultural
professionals, highlighting the importance of continuous learning and development.
Overall, the review of related literature provides a solid foundation for the current study, demonstrating the
relevance and timeliness of the research topic. The existing studies highlight the need for a deeper
understanding of agricultural waste management practices among the next generation of agricultural
professionals, which this study aims to address.
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Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework for this study on "Agricultural Waste Management: Characterization and
Practices among Agriculture Students" is based on the integration of various theoretical perspectives and
the review of related literature. The framework illustrates the key components and their interrelationships,
guiding the investigation of agricultural waste management among agriculture students.
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Significance of the Study
The main concern of this study was to provide new information that will contribute meaningfully to the
general knowledge in the world of agriculture by proper managing of Agricultural wastes. Furthermore, the
study can benefit the following:
Community : It helps reduce environmental impact by mitigating issues like soil degradation and water
pollution.Promoting circular economy principles in the agricultural sector-,most especially Improving
community well-being by addressing public health and ecosystem concerns
Agriculture Students: Enhancing knowledge and awareness of sustainable waste management

practices. Fostering the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices .Preparing students for their future
roles as agricultural professionals
Future Researchers: Expanding the knowledge base on agricultural waste management.Identifying

research gaps for further exploration. Informing policy and decision-making to promote sustainable
practices.
Overall, the study's findings can contribute to the development of more sustainable agriculture, enhance
community well-being, and provide valuable insights for future research and decision-making in the
agricultural sector.
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“For Nation’s
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CHAPTER 2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter discuss the researcher design, research instrument, population and sample, data gathering
procedure and the statistical data analysis.
Research Design:
The proposed study will employ a descriptive research design using a survey approach. This design is
appropriate for the research title, "Characterization and Practices of Agricultural Waste Management
among Agriculture Students," as it aims to describe the current state of agricultural waste management
practices and perceptions among the target population of agriculture students.
The descriptive research design allows for the collection of detailed information about the existing
conditions, attitudes, and behaviors related to agricultural waste management. The survey method
enables the researchers to gather data directly from the agriculture students, providing insights into their
knowledge, practices, and perspectives on this important topic.
By utilizing a descriptive research design with a survey approach, the study will be able to:
1. Characterize the types and quantities of agricultural waste generated by the students.
2. Identify the current waste management practices employed by the agriculture students, such as
disposal methods, recycling, or composting.
3. Assess the students' awareness, attitudes, and perceptions towards sustainable agricultural waste
management.
4. Explore the challenges and barriers faced by the students in implementing effective waste
management strategies.
5. Gather recommendations from the students on improving agricultural waste management within their
educational and local contexts.
The descriptive research design and survey method are well-suited to address the research objectives
and provide a comprehensive understanding of the agricultural waste management landscape among the
target population of agriculture students.
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Research Environment
The proposed study on "Characterization and Practices of Agricultural Waste Management among
Agriculture Students" will be conducted at the SNSU Mainit Campus.
The first-year Bachelor of Agricultural Technology (BAT) students at SNSU Mainit Campus are the most
suitable respondents for a study on "Agricultural Waste: Characterization and Practices among
Agriculture Students" in this specific research environment. Their direct academic focus on agriculture,
convenient proximity within the campus, representativeness of the local context, potential for longitudinal
insights, and opportunities for collaborative engagement make them the ideal population to provide
valuable perspectives on agricultural waste management.
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Research Participants:
The target respondents for the study on "Characterization and Practices of Agricultural Waste
Management among Agriculture Students" will be the 1st year students who currently taking Bachelor of
Agriculture and Technology at SNSU-MAINIT CAMPUS.
Figure 1. SAMPLE SIZE:
TOTAL POPULATIONS SAMPLE
188 94 target respondents
Figure 2. List of Expected Participants as to sections:
SECTIONS POPULATIO
N
A 38
B 48
C 37
D 30
E 35
TOTAL 188
POPULATIONS
Figure 3. List of Selected Respondents as to sections:
SECTIONS RESPONDENT
S
A 19
B 20
C 19
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D 19
E 15
TARGET 94
RESPONDENTS
By focusing on the BAT first year students at the SNSU Mainit Campus, the study will be able to gather
comprehensive data on the characterization and practices of agricultural waste management from a
relevant and representative sample of the target population. The target sample size of 94 respondents will
provide the researchers with dataset to analyze and draw meaningful conclusions.
Research Instruments:
A researchers will make survey questionnaire to develop and utilize the collected data needed in
the study. The questionnaire contains the profile of the students as to their name (optional), age,
gender, grade level and their program .A Likert scale is used to determine the Agricultural Waste
Management:Characterization and Practices among Agriculture Students
After choosing the respondents through random sampling, each of them were given a survey
questionnaire to answer.
Rate Verbal Description

5 - Strongly Agree
4 - Agree
3 - Neutral
2 - Disagree
1 - Strongly Disagree
Data Gathering Procedure
This study will employ a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection
techniques.
1. Survey Questionnaire: Recent studies have utilized survey questionnaires to investigate university
students' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding waste management and environmental
sustainability (e.g., Asmuni et al., 2019; Yadav et al., 2019).Researchers have employed survey methods
to assess the generation, composition, and management of agricultural waste among farmers and
agricultural communities (e.g., Alam et al., 2020; Yadav et al., 2021). The survey approach has continued
to be effective in capturing the perceptions, behaviors, and challenges faced by students in the context of
waste management and environmental stewardship (e.g., Yadav & Pathak, 2021; Zeng et al., 2020).
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2.Waste Characterization: Waste characterization is a crucial step in developing effective waste

management strategies (Tchobanoglous & Kreith, 2002). It provides valuable information on the types,
quantities, and composition of waste generated, which is essential for planning and implementing
appropriate waste management solutions (Guerrero et al., 2013).
3.Interviews : Obi, Ugwuishiwu, and Nwakaire (2016) provide a qualitative approach to understanding
the perceptions, experiences, and barriers related to agricultural waste management, which is relevant to
the proposed study on "Characterization and Practices of Agricultural Waste Management among
Agriculture Students". Menikpura, Sang-Arun, and Bengtsson (2013).It demonstrate the use of a mixed-
methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques, to gain a
comprehensive understanding of waste management practices and behaviors, which can inform the
overall data gathering approach for the proposed study.
Statistical Tool and Analysis
Based on the research title "Characterization and Practices of Agricultural Waste Management among
Agriculture Students", the following statistical tools would be appropriate for the data analysis:
1. Descriptive Statistics: Measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode).It measures of

dispersion (standard deviation, variance) and frequency distributions and percentages.These descriptive
statistics would be useful to summarize and characterize the demographic characteristics (independent
variables) of the agriculture students, such as age, gender, year level, and other relevant factors.
2. Inferential Statistics: Use of Chi-Square Test of Independence. This test would be appropriate to
examine the relationship between the demographic characteristics (independent variables) and the
agricultural waste management practices (dependent variables).It would help determine if there are
significant differences in waste management practices among students with different demographic
profiles.
3.Analysis of Variance (ANOVA): It would be used to compare the mean differences in agricultural
waste management practices (dependent variable) among groups with different demographic
characteristics (independent variables). This would allow to identify if there are statistically significant
differences in waste management practices based on factors like age, gender, year level, or other
relevant student characteristics.
4. Correlation Analysis:
Correlation analysis would be employed to examine the strength and direction of the relationship
between the demographic characteristics (independent variables) and the agricultural waste management
practices (dependent variables).This would help identify the degree to which specific demographic factors
are associated with the students' waste management behaviors and practices.
5. Multiple Regression Analysis: Multiple regression analysis would be used to model the relationship
between the demographic characteristics (independent variables) and the agricultural waste management
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practices (dependent variable). This would allow to determine the relative influence of different
demographic factors on the students' waste management practices and identify the most significant
predictors.
Ethical Considerations :
Dear Participants,
We are the First year BTLED students of Surigao del Norte State University Mainit Campus. We
invited you to participate in this survey entitled: Agricultural Waste Management:Characterization and
Practices Among Agriculture Students.This survey is conducted to gather responses from SNSU
specifically first year BAT students. This questionnaire is general and we hope that the question in this
questionnaire will not bore you. There are no identified risks from participating in this study. So, you can
express freely your views on the following questions.
Participation in this study is completely voluntary and you may refuse to participate without
consequence. Questionnaire is well constructed and contains set of questions which are designed to aid
our research. All questions are objective. This survey will take only 3-5 minutes to complete. If you would
like to know the results of this study, you may contact us a month from now through this mobile number;
09367431047. Thank you for your consideration. Your help is greatly appreciated.
Respectfully
yours,
Anahaw,Christian
Dumangas ,Apple Grace
Eludo,Lloyd
Enggayas,Princess
Mongado,Aaron
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References:
Alam, M. J., Hossain, M. I., Hossain, M. K., & Hossain, M. M. (2020). Characterization and management
of agricultural waste in Bangladesh. Environmental Challenges, 1, 100003.
Asmuni, S., Khalili, J. M., & Zain, Z. M. (2019). Sustainability awareness and behavior on campus: a case
study. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 20(2), 347-366.
Yadav, R., & Pathak, G. S. (2021). Intention to purchase organic food among young consumers:
Evidences from a developing nation. Appetite, 156, 104984.
Yadav, R., Balaji, M. S., & Pathak, G. S. (2019). Intention to adopt green products: a moderated
mediation model. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 47, 120-130.
Yadav, R., Pathak, G. S., & Gupta, V. (2021). Determinants of consumers' green purchase behavior in a
developing nation. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 26, 685-695.
Zeng, C., Niu, D., Li, H., Zhou, T., & Zhao, Y. (2020). Public perceptions and economic values of source-
separated collection of rural solid waste: A pilot study in China. Resources, Conservation and Recycling,
154, 104606.
Adhikari, B. K., Barrington, S., Martinez, J., & King, S. (2009). Effectiveness of three bulking agents for
food waste composting. Waste Management, 29(1), 197-203.
Bernal, M. P., Alburquerque, J. A., & Moral, R. (2009). Composting of animal manures and chemical
criteria for compost maturity assessment. A review. Bioresource Technology, 100(22), 5444-5453.
Evin, D., Firdaus, R. R., & Suryanto, H. (2018). Characterization and management of agricultural waste in
Malang Regency, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 141, 012038.
Lal, R. (2005). World crop residues production and implications of its use as a biofuel. Environment
International, 31(4), 575-584.
Menikpura, S. N. M., Sang-Arun, J., & Bengtsson, M. (2013). Integrated solid waste management: an
approach for enhancing climate co-benefits through resource recovery. Journal of Cleaner Production, 58,
34-42.
Nanda, S., Berruti, F., & Kozinski, J. (2016). Waste to wealth: Waste-to-energy conversion, green
chemical processes and products. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 7(2), 201-203.
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Ouda, O. K., Raza, S. A., Nizami, A. S., Rehan, M., Al-Waked, R., & Korres, N. E. (2016). Waste energy
potential: a case study of Saudi Arabia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 61, 328-340.
Shen, Y., Ren, L., Li, G., Chen, T., & Guo, R. (2011). Influence of aeration on CH4, N2O and NH3
emissions during aerobic composting of a chicken manure and high C/N waste mixture. Waste
Management, 31(1), 33-38.
APPENDIX 1: SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
“Agricultural Waste Management : Characterization and Practices among Agriculture Students”
Part I. Profile of the Respondents
Direction: Please supply the space provided for each item asked about you.
Name(Optional):
Age:
Gender:
Grade Level:
Program:
Part II. Attitude of the Respondents
Directions: Please read and check (/) the selection below based on the verbal description. Please choose
from the verbal indicators the answers which you think and feel is right.
Rate Verbal Description
5 - Strongly Agree
4 - Agree
3 - Neutral
2 - Disagree
1 - Strongly Disagree
Indicator 5 4 3 2 1
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A : Types and Qualities of

Agricultural Waste
1. As an agriculture
student, I am aware that
the agricultural waste
generated on farms
includes crop residues
(e.g., stalks, leaves,
husks).
2. I know that the
agricultural waste
generated on farms
includes animal manure
(e.g., from livestock,
poultry).
3. I understand that the
agricultural waste
generated on farms
includes food waste (e.g.,
spoiled or leftover crops,
processing byproducts).
4. I am aware that
agricultural waste has
high nutrient content and
can be used as a soil
amendment.
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5. I can identify the
different types of
agricultural waste
generated on farm.
6. I understand the
physical and chemical
properties of various
agricultural waste
materials.
7. I am familiar with the
composition and
characteristics of crop
residues.
8 . I know the nutrient
content and potential uses
of animal manure as an
agricultural waste
9. I can distinguish
between different types of
food waste generated on
farms
10. I understand the
potential value and
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applications of various
agricultural waste
materials.
B : Agricultural Waste 5 4 3 2 1
Management Practices
1. I am aware of various
disposal methods for
agricultural waste (e.g.,
landfilling, incineration, open
burning).
2. I practice or have learned
about recycling and reusing
agricultural waste on farms
(e.g., composting, using as
animal bedding, incorporating
into the soil).
3. I am aware of and have
learned about sustainable
techniques for managing
agricultural waste (e.g.,
anaerobic digestion,
vermicomposting).
4. I have received training or
education on proper
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agricultural waste management
practices.
5. I am familiar with the
environmental regulations and
policies related to
agricultural waste management.
6. I have implemented or
assisted in implementing
strategies on farms.
7. I understand the economic
and financial implications of
different agricultural waste
management approaches.
8. I can identify the
challenges and barriers to
adopting sustainable
practices.
9. I have access to resources
and support for implementing
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solutions.
10. . I am aware of the various agricultural
waste management practices (e.g.,
composting, anaerobic digestion, recycling,
proper disposal).
C:Perceptions and Attitudes towards 5 4 3 2 1
Agricultural Waste
1. I believe that proper management of
agricultural waste is important for
environmental and human health.
2. . I am concerned about the potential
negative impacts of improper agricultural
waste disposal (e.g., pollution, soil
degradation, greenhouse gas emissions).
3. I am willing to learn more about and adopt
sustainable agricultural waste management
practices.
4. . I believe that agricultural waste can be a
valuable resource if managed properly.
5. . I am motivated to promote and advocate
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for sustainable agricultural waste
management among my peers and in my
community.
6. . I am confident in my ability to implement
and manage agricultural waste in an
environmentally responsible manner.
7. . I believe that the adoption of sustainable
agricultural waste management practices can
contribute to the overall sustainability of the
agricultural sector.
8. . I am willing to invest time and resources in
learning about and applying innovative
agricultural waste management technologies
9. . I am concerned about the potential health
and safety risks associated with improper
agricultural waste handling and disposal.
10. I believe that proper management of
agricultural waste is important for
environmental and human health.
Thank you and God bless!
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APPENDIX 2: Workplan / Timetable for Activities
1 2 3 4
No. Major Activities March-April May-August September
October-
December
1 Literature Review
2 Research Design and Methodology
3 Data Collection
4 Data Analysis & Results and Discussion
APPENDIX 3: Line Item Budget
ITEM UNIT QUANTITY UNIT TOTAL

PRICE
Printing of Questionnaires ream 10 450 4,500.00
Token for Key Informant Interviewees Pax 10 300 3,000.00
Token for FGD Pax 15 400 6,000.00
Research Revisation/Assist for Statistician 3,000.00
Miscellaneous 3,000.00
•Bondpaper
•Folders for the questionnaires
•Sliding folder for the final research
•Ballpens for respondents
TOTAL 19,500.00
22

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Republic of the Philippines

SURIGAO DEL NORTE STATE UNIVERSITY

Agricultural Waste Management:Characterization and Practices among Agriculture Students

A Short-Term Research Presented to

In Partial fulfillment for the Requirement

CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

 Objectives and the Study

 Review of Related Literature

 Signaficant of the Study

CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 Data Gathering Procedure

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Objectives of the Study:

1.What is the profile of the respondents in terms of :

d.Other Agricultural Waste

a.Disposal Methods (Landfilling,open burning ,composting)

b. Recycling and reuse practices

c.Adoption of Sustainable Waste Management Techniques

Review of Related Literature

Significance of the Study

Agriculture Students: Enhancing knowledge and awareness of sustainable waste management

Future Researchers: Expanding the knowledge base on agricultural waste management.Identifying

Figure 1. SAMPLE SIZE:

TOTAL POPULATIONS SAMPLE

188 94 target respondents

Figure 2. List of Expected Participants as to sections:

Figure 3. List of Selected Respondents as to sections:

Rate Verbal Description

Data Gathering Procedure

2.Waste Characterization: Waste characterization is a crucial step in developing effective waste

Statistical Tool and Analysis

1. Descriptive Statistics: Measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode).It measures of

Dumangas ,Apple Grace

APPENDIX 1: SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

“Agricultural Waste Management : Characterization and Practices among Agriculture Students”

Part I. Profile of the Respondents

Part II. Attitude of the Respondents

Rate Verbal Description

A : Types and Qualities of

student, I am aware that

the agricultural waste

includes crop residues

(e.g., stalks, leaves,

2. I know that the

includes animal manure

(e.g., from livestock,

3. I understand that the

includes food waste (e.g.,

spoiled or leftover crops,

agricultural waste has

high nutrient content and

can be used as a soil

5. I can identify the

physical and chemical

7. I am familiar with the

8 . I know the nutrient

content and potential uses

between different types of

food waste generated on