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    Ciculatory System - Part I

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    PUJA MANDAL

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    Ciculatory System - Part I

    Uploaded by

    PUJA MANDAL
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    Original Title

    Ciculatory System--Part I (1)

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    8 views2 pages

    Ciculatory System - Part I

    Uploaded by

    PUJA MANDAL

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Std 8 –Biology—Circulatory system (Part I)

    • There are 3 circulating fluids in our body.

    I Blood, ii, Lymph and iii. Tissue fluid

    •The to and fro movement of the blood carried out by the heart is called the circulatory system.

    Circulatory Systems— I. Open Vascular System– In insects, blood circulates mostly through open
    spaces. The blood flows from the heart to the body tissues without vessels.

    II. Closed Vascular System– The blood in higher animals circulates in a closed manner through blood
    vessels. Heart is only a pumping organ to pump blood to and from the whole body.

    Blood is never stationary. Bright red in artery and dark red in the vein

    Volume in adult human is 5 to 6 litres

    Saltish to taste

    Slightly alkaline pH of 7.3 to 7.45

    Composition—Plasma, RBC, WBC, Platelets

    Plasma--Plasma is yellowish (straw) coloured liquid.

    Contains 90% water and the remaining (10%) consists of dissolved nutrients, proteins, waste
    products and hormones. Blood tastes saltish due to dissolved minerals like NaCl.

    Blood cells are of 3 types --

    1. Red Blood Cells (RBC)-- Erythrocytes

    2. White Blood Cells (WBC)-- Leucocytes

    3. Platelets—Thrombocytes

    A) RBC—(Erythrocytes)

    Shape—Circular, biconcave, disc shaped.

    Red colour is due to presence of pigment haemoglobin.

    Function of haemoglobin—Carries oxygen.

    (Oxyhaemoglobin)

    A mature RBC lacks nucleus and mitochondria.

    Life span—120 days.

    Site of production—Bone Marrow of long bones.

    Site of destruction—Liver, Spleen.

    Function—Carries Oxygen (Oxygen Carrier)


    ii.WBC--- Shape—Amoeboid

    They are colourless and lack haemoglobin.

    They are larger than RBCs and have a distinct nucleus.

    Life Span—14 days

    Site of production—Bone marrow of long bones

    Site of destruction—Liver, Spleen

    Function—Protects the body from disease causing germs, by providing immunity

    iii. Platelets—Thrombocytes—Somewhat round in shape, Smallest in size.

    Function—Blood Clotting

    Steps in clotting—
    i. Release of enzyme thrombokinase by platelets at the site of injury.

    ii.Thrombokinase, in presence of Calcium ions, helps in production of a protein called thrombin from
    prothrombin. iii. This, in turn helps in conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin. iv. Fibrin forms a mesh of
    fibres into which the red blood cells get trapped and forms clot.

    Functions of Blood—

    A) Transporting functions—

    1. Transports Oxygen from lungs to all parts of body.

    2. Transports Carbon dioxide from all parts of body to lungs

    3. Transports dissolved nutrients from small intestine to all parts of body.

    4. Carries hormones from endocrine glands to all body parts.

    5. Carries nitrogenous wastes from liver to kidney.

    B) Other functions—

    1. Maintains Body temperature

    2. Maintains water balance of body.

    3. Helps in providing Immunity

    4. Helps in clotting of blood when there is an injury to the body.

    5. Protects against diseases by destroying disease causing germs.

    Serum--- Blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed is called Serum.

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