5

Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Finding the Common Factors,
GCF, Common Multiples, and
LCM of 2-4 Numbers Using
Continuous Division
 What I Need to Know

In this module, learners build their skills and competencies in finding the
common factors and common multiples of 2-4 numbers using continuous division
and applying these concepts in real-life word problems. Throughout this module, the
learners will explore such strategy in determining the common factors and common
multiples. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students.
The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order
in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now
using.
The module contains mainly finding the common factors, GCF and common
multiples, and LCM using continuous division and solving real-life word problems
involving GCF and LCM.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. find the greatest common factors of 2-4 numbers using continuous division;

2. find the least common multiple of 2-4 numbers using continuous division;
and

3. solve routine and non-routine problems involving greatest common factors

and least common multiples.

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Alexa wrote three numbers on the board: 25 75 105

What is the GCF of the numbers written by Alexa?
A. 5 B. 10 C. 15 D. 25
2. Find the GCF of 16, 24, and 32.
A. 8 B. 6 C. 4 D. 2
3. What is the greatest common factor of 12 and 21?
A. 84 B. 21 C. 7 D. 3
4. The prime factors of 12 is 2 x 2 x 3 while 20 is 2 x 2 x 5. Therefore, the
greatest common factors of 12 and 20 is _______.
A. 5 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2
5. Extracting the prime factors of 20 and 36, what is their GCF?
A. 4 B. 6 C. 9 D. 12
6. What is the greatest divisor of 9 and 12?
A. 36 B. 21 C. 12 D. 3
7. What is the greatest common factor of 18, 24, and 36?
A. 4 B. 6 C. 12 D. 36
8. Nicolas, a school varsity player, has 32 table tennis balls and 16 table tennis
paddles. He wants to sell packages of balls and paddles together. What is
the greatest number of packages he can sell with no left over balls or
paddles?
A. 10 B. 12 C. 14 D. 16
9. A number and 96 has a GCF of 32. This number is less than 300 and the
digits of this number has a sum of 13. What number satisfies these
conditions?
A. 238 B. 256 C. 274 D. 293
10. The class of Grade V-Mabait of Mr. Geronimo is composed of 25 boys and
15 girls. The teacher wants to group them with equal number of boys and
girls in each group. What is the greatest divisor that the teacher can use?
A. 5 B. 15 C. 20 D. 25
11. What is the least common multiple of 14 and 20?
A. 140 B. 280 C. 350 D. 420
12. What is the least possible number that is exactly divisible by 6 and 8?
A. 12 B. 16 C. 24 D. 48
13. Find the least common multiple of 12 and 15.
A. 20 B. 40 C. 60 D. 80
14. Given the prime factors of the following numbers: 12 = 2 x 2 x 3; 18 = 2 x 3
x 3; 36 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3. What is their least common multiple?
A. 36 B. 48 C. 60 D. 72
15. Solve for the least common multiple of 10, 15, and 45.
A. 45 B. 90 C. 135 D. 180
16. What is the least common multiple of 3, 6, and 9?
A. 12 B. 18 C. 24 D. 27
17. In a toy factory, the doll machine creates dolls every 12 minutes while the
car machine creates cars every 15 minutes. If both machines will be turned
on at the same time, after how many minutes will they first create a doll and
a car at the same time?
A. 30 B. 60 C. 120 D. 180
18. Narcisa bought some mangoes. If she groups the mangoes by 4, there is a
remainder of 3, and if she groups them by 6, there is also a remainder of 3.
What is the least possible number of mangoes did she buy?
A. 12 B. 15 C. 24 D. 27
19. The number of pupils in the class of Mrs. Ramos is the least number where
it can be grouped into 5 and can be grouped into exactly 7 without any
remainder. How many pupils are there in Mrs. Ramos class?
A. 12 B. 25 C. 28 D. 35
20. Plane A flies to Cebu every 4 days. Plane B flies to Cebu every 6 days. If both
planes are in Cebu on September 12, what is the earliest date that both
planes will be in Cebu again?
A. September 15 C. September 21
B. September 20 D. September 24
 Lesson Finding the Common Factors, GCF and

1 Common Multiples, and LCM of 2-4

Numbers Using Continuous Division
This is a series of lessons that aim to build an understanding of greatest
common factor (GCF) and least common multiple (LCM), preparing the students for
use of fraction and other mathematical concepts. To address these concepts, you
must go back to the definition of factors and multiples. Factor is any number that
divides evenly into another, while multiple is what we get after multiplying the
number by another number. Common factors and multiples can be derived through
listing or prime factorization.

Likewise, there are many ways on how to find the GCF and LCM, but we are
going to concentrate only on CONTINUOUS DIVISION.

What’s In

Give the factors of the following numbers. You can use listing method for this activity.

Example: 12 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12)

1. 27 = _________________________ 6. 18 = ______________________
2. 16 = _________________________ 7. 24 = ______________________
3. 50 = _________________________ 8. 48 = ______________________
4. 20 = _________________________ 9. 45 = ______________________
5. 120 = ________________________ 10. 108 = ___________________

Give the first 5 multiples of the following numbers.

Example: 12 = 12, 24, 36, 48, 60

1. 15 = ____________________________ 6. 24 = ______________________
2. 9 = _____________________________ 7. 20 = ______________________
3. 16 = __________________________ 8. 21 = _____________________
4. 14 = __________________________ 9. 36 = _____________________
5. 27 = __________________________ 10. 30 = ____________________
 What’s New

Let’s study this situation:

Onyok and Paco love to play marbles. Onyok owns 18 marbles while Paco has
24. They want to put the biggest number of marbles in each plastic bag so that both
have the same number of marbles in a bag in which case there would be no left over
marbles. Can you help them decide how to put the marbles into plastic bags?

Onyok’s marbles Paco’s marbles

Onyok said, “I can put Paco remarked, “I can

my marbles into the put my marbles into the
plastic bag by 1s, 2s, 3s, plastic bag by 1s, 2s, 3s,
6s, 9s, and 18s”. 4s, 6s, 12s, and 24s”.

If you were Onyok or Paco, can you also do the same?

What do you call 1s, 2s, 3s, 4s, 6s, 9s, 12s, 18s, and 24s?
Which of the given factors give you the greatest common factor?

When we say Greatest Common Factor (GCF), it is the biggest number by which
each of the given numbers is divisible. The given number (18 and 24) have
common factors; 1, 2, 3, and 6. Among these factors, 6 is the greatest, that’s why the
GCF of 18 and 24 is 6, and 6 divides the given numbers evenly without remainder.

Moreover, Least Common Multiple (LCM) is the smallest number that is

divisible by each of the given numbers. Let’s us skip count,

There are 2 common multiples of 18 and 24, but 72 is smaller than 144.
Therefore, the LCM of 18 and 24 is 72.
 What is It

There are variety of ways on how to solve GCF and LCM, but we are going to
learn about “CONTINUOUS DIVISION”. We divide continuously until we get a zero
remainder.
Consider this problem:
Mrs. Flores bought 24 mangoes, 30 apples, and 42 bananas. If she is going to
group these equally, what is the greatest number of mangoes, apples, and bananas
in each group?

To solve this, you need to use GCF. Study the solution below.
2 24 30 42 Think of a number that divides these numbers evenly.
3 12 15 21 What is the common number that divides these numbers?
4 5 7 Do you still have a number that divides these numbers?
These numbers are relatively prime because there are
Common factors no more factors for these. This stops our division
process.

So the GCF of 24, 30, and 42 is 2 x 3 = 6.

Let’s proceed talking about LCM.

Study this problem.

Richard and Ericka collected used plastic bottles for
recycling. They arranged the bottles in boxes of 8 and 12. What is
the least number of bottles they gathered in all?
Using the given numbers 8 and 12, find the LCM by using continuous division.
2 8 12 Find the common factors of 8 and 12.
2 4 6 What number divides 4 and 6?
2 3 Do you still have common factors of 2 and 3?
These numbers are called relatively prime because
there is no more common divisor for these numbers.
To find the LCM, get all the prime factors of 8 and 12. Therefore, the LCM of 8 and
12 is 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 = 24

What’s More

Determine the prime factors that divide evenly to each set of numbers. Then find
the GCF and LCM.
1. 12 15
4 5 GCF = ________________ LCM = _______________

2. 24 32
12 16
6 8
3 4 GCF = ________________ LCM = _______________

3. 14 20
7 10 GCF = ________________ LCM = _______________

4. 64 72
32 36
16 18
8 9 GCF = ________________ LCM = _______________

5. 48 60 84
24 30 42
12 15 21
4 5 7 GCF = ________________ LCM = _______________
Write True or False before each item.

__________ 1. The GCF of 25 and 30 is 5.

__________ 2. 18 and 54 has a GCF of 9.
__________ 3. The prime factors of 12 is 2x2x3 while 20 is 2x2x5. Therefore, the
GCF of 12 and 20 is 6.
__________ 4. Extracting the prime factors of 20 and 36, their GCF is 4.
__________ 5. Based on the prime factors of 15, 12, and 24, the GCF of these
numbers is 3.
__________ 6. The least common multiple of 6 and 18 is 18
__________ 7. The LCM of 8 and 9 is 36.
__________ 8. 9 and 12 has a LCM of 36.
__________ 9. The LCM of 12 and 15 is 30.
__________ 10. 24 and 30 has a least common multiple of 72.

What I Have Learned

Remember:
1. The greatest common factor (GCF) of two or more numbers is the biggest
divisor by which each of the given numbers is divisible.
2. The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is the smallest
number that is divisible by each of the given numbers.
3. Continuous division is one way of determining the prime factors of the set
of numbers in order to get a GCF or a LCM.
Let us use the concept of GCF and LCM in real-life situations. Solve the
problems patiently and honestly. Then connect the problems in A to the correct
answer in B.

A B
A dairy farm company has two milk-loading machines. The
two machines started running at the same time. After a few
minutes, one machine has loaded 18 cases while the other
loaded 24 cases. This is the first time that the two machines 14
finished loading a case simultaneously. What is the longest
possible time that the machines could have been running?

There are 48 teachers and 64 parents who are playing in a

sports fest. What is the greatest number of players per team
if a team must have teachers and parents as members?
6
Jerome has three pieces of rope with lengths of 140 cm, 168
cm, and 210 cm. He wishes to cut the three pieces of rope
into smaller of equal length with no remainders. What is the
greatest possible length of each of the smaller pieces? 16

Ginalyn can arrange her stickers either 9 in a page or 15 in

a page. What is the smallest number of stickers that will
allow her to do this? 7:00
Alex, Marvin, and Leonides are jogging around UMak Oval.
Alex takes 4 minutes to jog around the track, Marvin takes
AM
5 minutes, and Leonides, 6 minutes. If they started together
at 6:00 A.M., at what time will they be together again at the
starting point? 2 glasses
3 glasses
Analyze the picture. Then solve.

45
 Assessment

A. Determine the prime factors of each set of numbers using continuous division.
Then find the GCF and LCM.
1. 15 and 30 2. 21 and 45 3. 16 and 24
4. 8, 12 and 16 5. 18, 45 and 36
Color the box of the correct answer in each problem.
1. What is the greatest common factor of 10 and 45?

5 10 15 20

2. What is the largest common number that divides 18 and 27?

2 3 6 9

3. Find the greatest common divisor of 35 and 63.

5 7 9 12

4. What is the greatest common possible number that divides 12, 16, and 48?

2 4 6 8

5. What is the GCF of 15, 20, and 30?

5 10 20 30

6. What is the least common multiple of 12, 18, and 36?

12 24 36 48

7. What is the smallest possible number that is exactly divisible by 9 and 12?

9 18 27 36

8. Find the LCM of 18, 27, and 36.

27 54 108 216
9. Solve for the least common multiple of 6 and 8.

8 16 24 32

10. What is the smallest number that is divisible both by 8 and 12?

12 24 32 48

Additional Activities

Help me get out from this maze. Color the correct path.
END

LCM of LCM of GCF of

36 and 12 14 and 28 75 and 375
48 28 125

60 10 25 160

LCM of GCF of LCM of GCF of

30 and 320
15 and 15 12 32 and 1600
40 and
60 48 800

126 420
84 96

GCF of GCF of GCF of LCM of

12 and 2 9 and 80 and 35 and
240 60
14 21 120 60

12 8 120 18

LCM of LCM of LCM of GCF of

12 and 24 120 360 64 and 320 72 and
6 and 72 80 90

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