LESSON 7 Hydrometeorological Hazards

HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL
HAZARDS
Presented by:
DYAN M. LLENARESAS
ALWAYS FIRST ALWAYS READY ALWAYS THERE

Always FIRST Always READY Always THERE
Lesson VI: Hydrometeorological Hazards

• Typhoons
• Storm Surges
• Thunderstorms
• Flooding
• El Niño and La Niña
Hydrometeorological Hazards
Hydrometeorological hazards
are processes which involve
the interaction of the
atmosphere, bodies of water,
and land and which pose
threat to lives and human
property.
The Philippines: Exporter of Typhoons
Tracks of Tropical
Cyclones in the
Western North Pacific
Period from 1948 to
2010.
(Source: Japan Meteorological
Agency).
Reference: Japan Meteorological Agency (n.d.) as cited by Godillano (2014)

PACIFIC TYPHOON BELT
Located along the

typhoon belt (Western
North Pacific Basin)
where 66% of tropical
cyclones enter or
originate
Photo-credit: ucar.edu
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS
TYPHOONS: Intense Tropical Cyclones
A typhoon is a severe
weather disturbance
characterized by
strong winds and
heavy rains which
revolve around a
central low pressure
area
TYPHOONS: Intense Tropical Cyclones
Three types of tropical
cyclones:
1. Tropical depression –
wind speed up to 62kph
2. Tropical storm – wind
speed ranging from 63-
118kph
3. Typhoon – wind speed
greater than 118kph
EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
1. Strong winds
Strong winds which cover
a much larger area during
tropical cyclones, cause
the most obvious damage.
2. Storm surge
Storm surges, localized
unusual increase of sea
water level way above the
predicted astronomical tide
level, due to intense winds
and low atmospheric
pressure that accompany
intense tropical cyclones.
3. Heavy rains
Heavy rains, unlike strong
winds and storm surges,
actually occur in tropical
cyclones of lower intensity.
Flooding is worse during
tropical depressions and
tropical storms.
Public Typhoon Warning System
PAGASA – Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration
Public Storm Warning Signals
PSWS #1 Winds of 30kph to 60kph are expected within the next 36 Winds not expected to bring
hours damage but may bring very light
damage
PSWS #2 Winds of 61kph to 120kph are expected within the next 24 Light to moderate damage
hours
PSWS #3 Winds of 121kph to 170kph are expected within the next 18 Moderate to heavy damage
hours
PSWS #4 Winds of 171kph to 220kph are expected within the next 12 Heavy to very heavy damage
hours
PSWS #5 Winds of more than 220kph are expected within the next 12 Very heavy to widespread
hours damage
STORM SURGE
A storm surge is a localized
unusual increase of sea water
level beyond the predicted
astronomical tide level primarily
due to intense winds and
lowered atmospheric pressure
during the passage of an intense
tropical cyclone from the sea to
the land.
STORM SURGE
THUNDERSTORM
A thunderstorm is a violent,
transient type of weather
disturbance associated with tall
cumulonimbus clouds
accompanied by lightning,
thunder, strong winds and
intense rainfall.
FLOODING
Flooding is the abnormal
rise of water level in
rivers, coastal areas,
plains, and in highly
urbanized centers which
may be a result of natural
phenomena, human
activities, or both.
FLASH FLOODS
A flash flood is a rapid,
short-lived, and violent
arrival of a large volume
of water which can be
caused by intense
localized rainfall on land
that is saturated or
unable to absorb water
EL NIÑO
El Niño is a prolonged unusual
warming of sea surface
temperatures in the central
equatorial Pacific and the
eastern equatorial Pacific
allowing enhanced rainfall in the
eastern Pacific and reduced
rainfall in the western Pacific.
EL NIÑO
In the Philippines, an El
Niño can bring about dry
spells or droughts, weaker
monsoon activity, delayed
beginning and premature
end of the rainy season, and
weaker and fewer tropical
cyclones.
LA NIÑA
La Niña involves
prolonged unusual
cooling of sea surface
temperatures in central
and eastern equatorial
Pacific that may last for
1-3 years
LA NIÑA
In the Philippines, La
Nina causes near normal
to above normal rainfall
conditions, particularly
over the eastern sector
of the country.
LA NIÑA
There is also an observed

increase in the number of
tropical cyclones that
enter the Philippine Area
of Responsibility as
tropical cyclone
formation shift toward
the western Pacific Ocean
IMPACTS OF HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS
• Effects on domestic water supply,

irrigation, and electricity generation
• Effects on agriculture
• Effects on marine ecosystem, capture
fishery, and aquaculture
• Other environmental effects
• Health problems
End of the Lesson

LESSON 7 Hydrometeorological Hazards

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HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL

ALWAYS FIRST ALWAYS READY ALWAYS THERE

Lesson VI: Hydrometeorological Hazards

Reference: Japan Meteorological Agency (n.d.) as cited by Godillano (2014)

Located along the

There is also an observed

• Effects on domestic water supply,

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