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Let’s Learn

This lesson will help you understand the nature, goals and perspectives in/of
anthropology, sociology and political science. Activities are given as your guide to give
you better understanding of the topic.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Discuss the nature, goal and perspective in/of antropology, sociology and
political science.

Let’s Try

Let us use your initial knowledge on the topic to be discussed. Answer the following questions
without browsing the module. Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. It refers to the totality of what has learned as a member of a society.

a. Sociology b. Anthropoloy c. Culture d. Psychology
2. It is perception of individuals to accepted reality.
a. Outlook b. Beliefs c. Knowledge d. Folkways
3. These are customary patterns of everyday life that specify what is socially correct and
proper in everyday life.
a. Mores b. Norms c. Folkways d. Laws
4. The totality of social organization which includes the social structure and system.
a. Tribe b. Community c. Society d. Nation
5. It refers the stable pattern or configuration of social relationships and social interactions in
society.
a. Social structure
b. Social reality
c. Social system
d. Social organization
6. It is the scientific study of patterned, shared human behavior.
a. Anthropology b. Psychology c. Sociology d. History
7. The branch of knowledge which deals with the scientific study of man, his work, his body,
his behavior and values in time and space.
a. Science b. Humanities c. Psychology d. Anthropology
8. It is the scientific study of the state and politics which deal with the nature, principles and
mechanics of rule, authority, power and influence.
a. Political Science b. Social Science c. Law d. Humanities

9. It is considered as the main relationship between sociology and anthropology.

a. Emergence of community c. Language use by people
b. Culture shared by men d. Fossils of early human beings
10. Also known as customs, these are the norms for everyday behavior that people follow for
the of tradition or convenience.
a. Mores b. Law c. Taboos d. Folkways

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11. It is something that is not present in nature but is formed through a process done by man.
a. Artifacts b. Civilization c. Democracy d. Neolithic
12. It is the expression of the set of cultural ideas held by a distinct ethics or indigenous group.
a. Ethnicity b. Population c. Society d. Culture
13. It is the socially constructed characteristic of being male or female.
a.Religion b. Education c. Gender d. Social Status
14. It is the legal relationship that binds a person and a country.
a. Nationality b.Tradition c. Nationalism d. Culture
15. It refers to the differences in social behavior that different culture exhibit around the world.
a. Cultural Deviance c. Cultural Relativism
b. Cultural Variation d. Culture

Lesson The Nature, Goals and Perspective of

1 Anthropology, Sociology and Political

Science

Let’s Recall

Let us use your initial knowledge on the topic to be discussed. From your own point
of view, elaborate the following situation and write it on a separate paper.

1. Enhance Community Quarantine or lockdown

2. Economic Stability

Let’s Explore

Fill in the blank. Let us use your initial knowledge on the topic to be discussed. Fill-
in the missing letters to complete the words.

1. A ___ T H R ___ P O ___ O G ___

2. ___ O C___I O ___O ___ Y
3. P O L___ T I C___L I D E N___ I T Y
4. C U L ___ T U ___ E
5. S ___ C I E ___ T Y
6. R ___ L I ___ G __ O N
7. E T ___ N I ___I ___ y
8. G ___ N D ___ R
9. ___ A T I ___ N A L ___ T Y
10. V A ___ I A ___ I ___

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 Let’s Elaborate

Though the term society and culture is used today as a scientific concept by most of
the social sciences, its most comprehensive definition has been provided in anthropology.
Humans are social beings. That is why we live together in societies. Day-to-day we interact
with each other and develop social relationships. Every society has a culture, no matter how
simple that culture may be. Culture is shared.

Anthropology a branch of knowledge which deals with the scientific study of man, his/her
works, behavior, and value in time and space.

Sociology is the study of human institution and their relationships. This discipline examines
how human actions in modern societies are shaped by social groups and by wider social,
economic and political pressures.

Political Identities refer to a political approach wherein a person or people of a particular

religion, race, social background, class and other identifying factors will form exclusive socio-
political alliances, moving away from broad-based, bipartisan politics to support and follow
political movements which share a particular identifying quality with them

Human Cultural Variation refers to the differences in social behaviors that different cultures
exhibit around the world. What may be considered good etiquette in one culture may be
considered bad etiquette in another.

Cultural Variation:
➢ Religion – a system of beliefs and practices as well as system of actions
directed toward entities which are above men.
➢ Ethnicity – it is the expression of the set of cultural ideas held by a distinct
ethics or indigenous group.
➢ Nationality – it is the legal relationship that binds a person and a country

Social Differences are the differences among the individuals on the basis of social
characteristics and qualities.

Social Differences:

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 ➢ Gender – It is the socially constructed characteristic of being male and female.
➢ Socio - economic Status - It refers to the category of persons who have more
or less the same socio-economic privileges.
➢ Exceptionality – It refers to the state of being intellectually gifted and/or having
physically or mentally challenged conditions.
The Concept of Social Change
The problem of social change is one of the central foci of sociological inquiry. It is so
complex and so significant in the life of individual and of society that we have to explore the
‘why’ and ‘how’ of social change in all its ramifications.
Social changes - are variations from the accepted modes of life; whether due to
alternation in geographical conditions, in cultural equipment, composition of the population or
ideologies and brought about by diffusion, or inventions within the group.
Factors of Social Change
1. Physical Environment - Human misuse can bring very rapid changes in physical
environment which in turn change the social and cultural life of a people.
2. Population Changes - a stable population may be able to resist change but a rapidly
growing population must migrate, improve its productivity or starve.
3. Attitudes and Values - societies differ greatly in their general attitude toward change.
People who revere the past and preoccupied with traditions and rituals will change
slowly and unwillingly.
4. Technological Factors - when the scientific knowledge is applied to the problems in
life it becomes technology. Technology is a systematic knowledge which is put into
practice that is to use tools and run machines to serve human purpose. Science and
technology go together. In utilizing the products of technology man brings social
change.
Significance of Studying Culture, Society, and Politics
CULTURE
1. Adaptation and Integration – these makes possible for man to adapt and integrate
himself to his environment by being creative and resourceful in coming up with ways and
means of survival.
2. Patterns of Acceptable Social Behavior
3. Conveys and Facilitates Meaning – through verbal and non-verbal communication,
written and non-written language, forms of expression and symbolisms.
4. Production of man-made things
5. Human Satisfaction – as we develop ways to make life more enjoyable, comfortable,
easier and more rewarding such as recreational activities, leisure, entertainment and arts
etc.
Social
1. Representation of our identity
2. Characterize the totality of a territory
3. Symbols of political interdependence

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 4. Avenue for economic interdependence
Political
1. Collective Activity – involving people who accept a common membership or at least
acknowledge a shared fate.
2. Initial diversity of views
3. Reconciliation of difference
4. Authoritative Policy

Let’s Dig In

Activity 1: Self Analyzation

Direction:
1. Write your name inside the circle.
2. Draw figure 1 on the sheet of paper.
3. Write the following information of yourself in the four spaces.
a. Gender b. Socio-economic class c. Ethnicity b. Religion

Based on the output activity, the teacher will ask the students to discuss their
observation based on the following questions:

1. What are the similarities and differences of every individual?

2. Do these similarities and differences affect the life of the whole community?

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The teacher will give the students a time frame of 2 minutes to present their answer.

Activity 2: Diagram

Complete the following diagrams and give example.

Significance
of Studying
Culture

Significance
of Studying
Society

351112121121212
12121

Significance of
Studying7Politics
 Let’s Remember

The study of sociology, anthropology and political science, it

allows human to be better and understand their surroundings and environment
because;

Let’s Apply

Based on your observation, write an essay on how do you think our present
situation (Covid-19) can affect our society.

Let’s Evaluate

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 Let us use your knowledge on the topic that we have discussed. Answer the
following questions without browsing the module. Choose the letter of the best answer
and write it on a separate sheet of paper.

1. A branch of knowledge which deals with the scientific study of man, his/her works,
behavior and value in time and space.
a. Anthropology b. Sociology c. Geology d. History

2. It refers to the category of persons who have more or less the same socio-economic
privileges.
a. Social Difference c. Social Change
b. Socio-economic Status d. Status Quo

3. It is the legal relationship that binds a person and a country.

a. Nationality c. Tradition
b. Patriotism d. Values

4. The study of human institution and their relationship.

a. Economics c. Anthropology
b. History d. Sociology

5. It is the expression of the set of cultural ideas held by a distinct ethics or indigenous
group.
a. Ethnicity c. Nationality
b. Gender d. Age

6. It refers to a political approach wherein a person or people of a particular religion,

race, social background.
a. Social Change c. Political Identities
b. Cultural Variation d. Anthropology

1. It is the socially constructed characteristic of being male or female.

a. Gender c. Age
b. Nationality d. Religion

8. It refers to the state of being intellectually gifted and/or having physically or mentally
challenged conditions.
a. Exceptionality c. Socio economic Status
b. Social Difference d. Social Change

9. A system of belief s and practices as well as a system of actions directed toward

entities which are above men.

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a. Culture c. Society
b. Tradition d. Religion
10. It refers to the differences in social behavior that different culture exhibit around
the world.
a. Cultural Variation c. Human Varian
b. Political Identities d. Social Change

11. It is the socially constructed characteristic of being male or female.

a. Religion c. Gender
b. b. Education d. Social Status

12. It is the scientific study of patterned, shared human behavior.

a. Anthropology c. Sociology
b. Psychology d. History

13. It refers the stable pattern or configuration of social relationships and social
interactions in society.

a. Social structure c. Social system

b. Social reality d. Social organization

14. It refers to the differences in social behavior that different culture exhibit around the
world.

a. Cultural Deviance c. Cultural Relativism

b. Cultural Variation d. Culture

15. It is perception of individuals to accepted reality.

a. Outlook c. Knowledge
b. Beliefs d. Folkway

Let’s Extend

1. Cut or draw an example of a Material Culture and Non-material Culture.

2. What is the aspect of culture?

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